Article(id=1153986644098146831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730304000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061455988, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061455988, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061455988, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061455988, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986642063905290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061455502, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760070725729, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=249, endPage=257, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986644538548755, articleId=1153986644098146831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Effects of low glycemic index corns tarch addition on quality and in vitro starch digestibility of biscuite, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effects of the addition of low glycemic index (GI) corns tarch on the quality of biscuits and the in vitro starch digestibility. Methods Biscuits were prepared using wheat flour as the main ingredient and replacing wheat flour with low GI corn starch at 5 kinds of ratios of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, and the quality characteristics and sensory characteristics of the biscuits was measured and analyzed. Their in vitro starch digestibility and the rheological properties of the digesta were investigated. Results Crude protein content was highest in the low GI corn starch biscuits with an addition level of 10%, at (7.65±0.10)%. Meanwhile, the carbohydrate content was lowest in the low GI corn starch biscuits with an addition level of 20%, at (66.14±1.50)%. The addition of low GI corns tarch increased the hardness and crispness of the biscuits, while improving their chewiness; when the addition was 10%, the biscuits received the highest scores for color, scents, texture, and organizational structure. As the amount of low GI corns tarch added increased, the estimated glycemic index (eGI) of the biscuits decreased, and the viscosity of the digesta increased. Conclusion Adding an appropriate amount of corns tarch can effectively improve the GI value of biscuits, providing a fundamental experimental basis for the development of low GI foods, and offering new insights into the application of corns tarch in the food industry.

, correspAuthors=Huan-Xin ZHANG, Ping LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan-Li HUANG, Huan-Xin ZHANG, Min-Qi LV, Ping WU, Jing LUO, Hong-Xia WU, Ping LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986668337029199, articleId=1153986644098146831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=低血糖生成指数玉米淀粉添加量对饼干品质及其体外淀粉消化率的影响, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探讨低血糖生成指数(glycemic index, GI)玉米淀粉添加量对饼干品质及其体外淀粉消化率的影响。方法 以小麦粉为主要原料, 采用0%、10%、20%、30%和40% 5种比例的低GI玉米淀粉替代小麦粉制备饼干, 测定分析饼干的品质特性和感官特性, 探究其体外淀粉消化率及食糜流变学特性。结果 添加量10%的低GI玉米淀粉饼干中的粗蛋白含量最高, 为(7.65±0.10)%; 添加量20%的低GI玉米淀粉饼干中的碳水化合物含量最低, 为 (66.14±1.50)%。添加低GI玉米淀粉会增加饼干的硬度和脆度, 改善饼干的咀嚼性; 添加量为10%时饼干的色泽、气味、口感和组织结构评价得分最高。随着低GI玉米淀粉添加量的增多, 饼干预估血糖生成指数(estimated glycemic index, eGI)降低, 食糜黏度值增大。结论 适量添加玉米淀粉可以有效改善饼干的GI值, 为开发低GI食品提供基础实验依据, 并为食品工业中玉米淀粉的应用提供新思路。

, correspAuthors=张焕新, 刘萍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张焕新(1972—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为食品功能因子。E-mail:
刘萍(1982—), 女, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为食品功能因子。E-mail:
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黄延莉(1997—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品加工与安全。E-mail:

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Effects of soluble corn fiber on growth performance, hindgutmucosal barrier function and microbial diversity in piglets[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1183428201637359933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, awardId=23KJB550003, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究项目(23KJB550003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1183428201813520703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, awardId=TN202206, language=CN, fundingSource=泰州市科技支撑计划(农业)项目(TN202206), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1183428201889018176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, awardId=NSF2021ZR04, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏农牧科技职业学院校级科研项目(NSF2021ZR04), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1183428201989681475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, awardId=NSF2023TC03, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏农牧科技职业学院科技创新团队资助项目(NSF2023TC03), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1183428194691592343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428194695786648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, companyId=1183428194691592343, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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注: 不同小写字母表示组间有显著性差异(P<0.05), 图3同。

, figureFileSmall=p5BsiTSMmGE5Yf3+YSMmRQ==, figureFileBig=FPCQEGlkvVJ30WaIJXSIFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428199443738899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Hydrolysis curve of digestibility of low GI corn starch biscuite, figureFileSmall=Ioq3+mXsWqsN7VzbmcjDFw==, figureFileBig=9/Af+XRfXiJmVrN3zYtzBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428199582150932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=CN, label=图3, caption=低GI玉米淀粉饼干消化率水解曲线, figureFileSmall=Ioq3+mXsWqsN7VzbmcjDFw==, figureFileBig=9/Af+XRfXiJmVrN3zYtzBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428199682814230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of the adding amounts of the low GI corn starch commune on the apparent viscosity of biscuit digesta, figureFileSmall=RQNn/FQP/uIiVoRTkD4u6A==, figureFileBig=aOBMT52HXjjEQO8xesOSiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428199833809177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=CN, label=图4, caption=低GI玉米淀粉添加量对饼干食糜的表观黏度的影响, figureFileSmall=RQNn/FQP/uIiVoRTkD4u6A==, figureFileBig=aOBMT52HXjjEQO8xesOSiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428200018358554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Formulation of low GI corns tarch biscuits (g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 低GI玉米淀粉 低筋面粉 植物油 糖粉 鸡蛋 复合泡打粉
0%低GI玉米淀粉饼干(对照) 0 1000 200 200 20 4 10
10%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 100 900 200 200 20 4 10
20%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 200 800 200 200 20 4 10
30%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 300 700 200 200 20 4 10
40%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 400 600 200 200 20 4 10
), ArticleFig(id=1183428200135799069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

低GI玉米淀粉饼干配方(g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 低GI玉米淀粉 低筋面粉 植物油 糖粉 鸡蛋 复合泡打粉
0%低GI玉米淀粉饼干(对照) 0 1000 200 200 20 4 10
10%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 100 900 200 200 20 4 10
20%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 200 800 200 200 20 4 10
30%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 300 700 200 200 20 4 10
40%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 400 600 200 200 20 4 10
), ArticleFig(id=1183428200215490848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Determination of nutrient components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
营养成分 测定方法 国家标准
水分 直接干燥法 GB 5009.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》
灰分 重量分析法 GB 5009.4—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》
粗蛋白 凯氏定氮法 GB 5009.5—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》
脂质 索氏抽提法 GB 5009.6—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》
总膳食纤维 酶重法 GB 5009.88—2014《食品安全国家标准 食品中膳食纤维的测定》
碳水化合物 直接滴定法 GB 5009.7—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中还原糖的测定》
能量 能量/(Kcal/100 g)=4×(%碳水化合物+%蛋白质)+(9×%脂质)
), ArticleFig(id=1183428200282599714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各营养成分测定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
营养成分 测定方法 国家标准
水分 直接干燥法 GB 5009.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》
灰分 重量分析法 GB 5009.4—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》
粗蛋白 凯氏定氮法 GB 5009.5—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》
脂质 索氏抽提法 GB 5009.6—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》
总膳食纤维 酶重法 GB 5009.88—2014《食品安全国家标准 食品中膳食纤维的测定》
碳水化合物 直接滴定法 GB 5009.7—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中还原糖的测定》
能量 能量/(Kcal/100 g)=4×(%碳水化合物+%蛋白质)+(9×%脂质)
), ArticleFig(id=1183428200349708580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sensory evaluation of low GI corn starch biscuits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价项目 评分标准 分数
形态 外形完整, 大小厚薄均匀, 无变形, 无裂痕, 表面平整 7~9
外形完整, 大小厚薄较均匀, 少许变形, 表面较为平整 4~6
外形残缺散落, 大小厚薄不均匀, 有裂痕变形, 表面凸起或粗糙 1~3
色泽 表面棕黄色, 色泽均匀, 无焦边 7~9
色泽基本均匀, 有少许焦边 4~6
色泽不均匀、暗淡, 颜色过白或颜色过深 1~3
组织结构 内部组织细腻, 断面细致均匀, 多孔状 7~9
内部组织较为粗糙, 断面无层次, 孔
隙大
4~6
内部组织粗糙, 质地松垮易散 1~3
口感 酥脆细腻, 不黏牙, 咸甜度适宜, 有适宜的香味 7~9
略酥脆, 稍有黏牙, 咸甜度较适宜, 香味过浓或过淡 4~6
过于松散或过硬, 只酥不脆或不酥不脆, 黏牙, 咸甜味不足或过重, 香味过浓或过淡 1~3
气味 整体香味适宜, 无异味 7~9
香味略淡或略重, 无明显异味 4~6
无香味或味道过于浓郁, 有异味 1~3
), ArticleFig(id=1183428200450371878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

低GI玉米淀粉饼干感官评价表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价项目 评分标准 分数
形态 外形完整, 大小厚薄均匀, 无变形, 无裂痕, 表面平整 7~9
外形完整, 大小厚薄较均匀, 少许变形, 表面较为平整 4~6
外形残缺散落, 大小厚薄不均匀, 有裂痕变形, 表面凸起或粗糙 1~3
色泽 表面棕黄色, 色泽均匀, 无焦边 7~9
色泽基本均匀, 有少许焦边 4~6
色泽不均匀、暗淡, 颜色过白或颜色过深 1~3
组织结构 内部组织细腻, 断面细致均匀, 多孔状 7~9
内部组织较为粗糙, 断面无层次, 孔
隙大
4~6
内部组织粗糙, 质地松垮易散 1~3
口感 酥脆细腻, 不黏牙, 咸甜度适宜, 有适宜的香味 7~9
略酥脆, 稍有黏牙, 咸甜度较适宜, 香味过浓或过淡 4~6
过于松散或过硬, 只酥不脆或不酥不脆, 黏牙, 咸甜味不足或过重, 香味过浓或过淡 1~3
气味 整体香味适宜, 无异味 7~9
香味略淡或略重, 无明显异味 4~6
无香味或味道过于浓郁, 有异味 1~3
), ArticleFig(id=1183428200567812393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Basic nutritional composition of low GI corn starch biscuits (dry weight)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 水分/% 灰分/% 粗蛋白/% 脂质/% 总膳食纤维/% 碳水化合物/% 能量/kJ
0%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 1.98±0.37c 3.90±0.21a 6.33±0.32e 13.82±0.20a 1.79±0.07e 72.18±0.60a 438.42±17.72d
10%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 2.07±0.27c 2.67±0.22b 7.65±0.10a 18.66±1.10d 2.63±0.05d 66.32±7.90c 463.82±30.15a
20%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 3.03±0.21b 2.26±0.11d 7.04±0.60b 18.71±3.90e 2.82±0.02c 66.14±1.50d 461.11±45.41a
30%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 3.56±0.19a 2.39±0.90c 6.61±0.06d 18.51±1.30c 3.08±0.16b 68.85±2.20b 456.43±9.53b
40%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 3.61±0.26a 2.16±0.17e 6.86±0.17c 17.45±1.30b 3.43±0.05a 66.49±1.40c 450.45±5.38c
), ArticleFig(id=1183428200643309866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

低GI玉米淀粉饼干的基本营养成分(干重)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 水分/% 灰分/% 粗蛋白/% 脂质/% 总膳食纤维/% 碳水化合物/% 能量/kJ
0%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 1.98±0.37c 3.90±0.21a 6.33±0.32e 13.82±0.20a 1.79±0.07e 72.18±0.60a 438.42±17.72d
10%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 2.07±0.27c 2.67±0.22b 7.65±0.10a 18.66±1.10d 2.63±0.05d 66.32±7.90c 463.82±30.15a
20%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 3.03±0.21b 2.26±0.11d 7.04±0.60b 18.71±3.90e 2.82±0.02c 66.14±1.50d 461.11±45.41a
30%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 3.56±0.19a 2.39±0.90c 6.61±0.06d 18.51±1.30c 3.08±0.16b 68.85±2.20b 456.43±9.53b
40%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 3.61±0.26a 2.16±0.17e 6.86±0.17c 17.45±1.30b 3.43±0.05a 66.49±1.40c 450.45±5.38c
), ArticleFig(id=1183428200798499116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of adding amount of low GI corn starch on the texture of biscuits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 铺展比值(直径mm/厚度mm) 硬度/N 脆度/N 咀嚼性/mJ
0%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 7.01±0.04b 26.47±0.38d 23.47±0.35e 0.16±0.02e
10%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 7.03±0.03b 27.57±1.80c 26.30±0.77c 0.27±0.06c
20%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 7.10±0.07a 30.67±2.40b 29.07±1.64b 0.58±0.14b
30%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 7.00±0.02b 36.03±1.11a 30.53±1.24a 0.73±0.16a
40%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 7.03±0.01b 27.37±1.02c 24.77±1.33d 0.20±0.11d
), ArticleFig(id=1183428200911745328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

低GI玉米淀粉添加量对饼干质构的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 铺展比值(直径mm/厚度mm) 硬度/N 脆度/N 咀嚼性/mJ
0%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 7.01±0.04b 26.47±0.38d 23.47±0.35e 0.16±0.02e
10%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 7.03±0.03b 27.57±1.80c 26.30±0.77c 0.27±0.06c
20%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 7.10±0.07a 30.67±2.40b 29.07±1.64b 0.58±0.14b
30%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 7.00±0.02b 36.03±1.11a 30.53±1.24a 0.73±0.16a
40%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 7.03±0.01b 27.37±1.02c 24.77±1.33d 0.20±0.11d
), ArticleFig(id=1183428201020797234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effects of the adding amounts of the low GI corn starch on the color of biscuits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 L a b ΔE
0%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 70.78±0.13a 3.51±0.22e 22.75±0.46e -
10%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 68.23±0.06b 5.57±0.18d 23.64±0.21d 3.45±0.16d
20%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 66.17±0.45c 5.96±0.07c 23.90±0.03c 5.35±0.14c
30%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 61.88±0.27d 6.59±0.03b 24.86±0.33b 8.07±0.51b
40%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 58.67±0.09e 7.05±0.15a 25.97±0.11a 11.12±0.22a
), ArticleFig(id=1183428201159209270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

低GI玉米淀粉添加量对饼干颜色的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 L a b ΔE
0%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 70.78±0.13a 3.51±0.22e 22.75±0.46e -
10%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 68.23±0.06b 5.57±0.18d 23.64±0.21d 3.45±0.16d
20%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 66.17±0.45c 5.96±0.07c 23.90±0.03c 5.35±0.14c
30%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 61.88±0.27d 6.59±0.03b 24.86±0.33b 8.07±0.51b
40%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 58.67±0.09e 7.05±0.15a 25.97±0.11a 11.12±0.22a
), ArticleFig(id=1183428201301815608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Effects of the adding amounts of the low GI corn starch on HI and eGI values of biscuits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 HI eGI
低GI玉米淀粉 44.45±1.17f 53.95±0.64f
0%低GI玉米淀粉饼干(对照) 63.41±1.32a 72.92±0.66a
10%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 58.28±0.97b 67.79±1.51b
20%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 53.37±0.37c 62.88±0.83c
30%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 50.09±0.56d 59.60±0.94d
40%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 48.47±0.72e 57.99±0.69e
), ArticleFig(id=1183428201394090299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986644098146831, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

低GI玉米淀粉添加量对饼干HI和eGI值的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 HI eGI
低GI玉米淀粉 44.45±1.17f 53.95±0.64f
0%低GI玉米淀粉饼干(对照) 63.41±1.32a 72.92±0.66a
10%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 58.28±0.97b 67.79±1.51b
20%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 53.37±0.37c 62.88±0.83c
30%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 50.09±0.56d 59.60±0.94d
40%低GI玉米淀粉饼干 48.47±0.72e 57.99±0.69e
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低血糖生成指数玉米淀粉添加量对饼干品质及其体外淀粉消化率的影响
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黄延莉 1, 2 , 张焕新 1, * , 吕民琪 1, 2 , 吴平 1 , 罗靖 2 , 吴红霞 3 , 刘萍 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(3): 249-257
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(3): 249-257
低血糖生成指数玉米淀粉添加量对饼干品质及其体外淀粉消化率的影响
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黄延莉1, 2 , 张焕新1, * , 吕民琪1, 2, 吴平1, 罗靖2, 吴红霞3, 刘萍1, *
作者信息
  • 1.江苏农牧科技职业学院食品科技学院, 泰州 225300
  • 2.江苏海洋大学海洋食品与生物工程学院, 连云港 222005
  • 3.江苏海王健康生物科技有限公司, 泰州 225300
  • 黄延莉(1997—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品加工与安全。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 张焕新(1972—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为食品功能因子。E-mail:
刘萍(1982—), 女, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为食品功能因子。E-mail:
Effects of low glycemic index corns tarch addition on quality and in vitro starch digestibility of biscuite
Yan-Li HUANG1, 2 , Huan-Xin ZHANG1, * , Min-Qi LV1, 2, Ping WU1, Jing LUO2, Hong-Xia WU3, Ping LIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology, Taizhou 225300, China
  • 2. College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
  • 3. Jiangsu Haiwang Health Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031008
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目的 探讨低血糖生成指数(glycemic index, GI)玉米淀粉添加量对饼干品质及其体外淀粉消化率的影响。方法 以小麦粉为主要原料, 采用0%、10%、20%、30%和40% 5种比例的低GI玉米淀粉替代小麦粉制备饼干, 测定分析饼干的品质特性和感官特性, 探究其体外淀粉消化率及食糜流变学特性。结果 添加量10%的低GI玉米淀粉饼干中的粗蛋白含量最高, 为(7.65±0.10)%; 添加量20%的低GI玉米淀粉饼干中的碳水化合物含量最低, 为 (66.14±1.50)%。添加低GI玉米淀粉会增加饼干的硬度和脆度, 改善饼干的咀嚼性; 添加量为10%时饼干的色泽、气味、口感和组织结构评价得分最高。随着低GI玉米淀粉添加量的增多, 饼干预估血糖生成指数(estimated glycemic index, eGI)降低, 食糜黏度值增大。结论 适量添加玉米淀粉可以有效改善饼干的GI值, 为开发低GI食品提供基础实验依据, 并为食品工业中玉米淀粉的应用提供新思路。

低血糖生成指数玉米淀粉  /  饼干  /  物化特性  /  体外淀粉消化率  /  流变学特性

Objective To explore the effects of the addition of low glycemic index (GI) corns tarch on the quality of biscuits and the in vitro starch digestibility. Methods Biscuits were prepared using wheat flour as the main ingredient and replacing wheat flour with low GI corn starch at 5 kinds of ratios of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, and the quality characteristics and sensory characteristics of the biscuits was measured and analyzed. Their in vitro starch digestibility and the rheological properties of the digesta were investigated. Results Crude protein content was highest in the low GI corn starch biscuits with an addition level of 10%, at (7.65±0.10)%. Meanwhile, the carbohydrate content was lowest in the low GI corn starch biscuits with an addition level of 20%, at (66.14±1.50)%. The addition of low GI corns tarch increased the hardness and crispness of the biscuits, while improving their chewiness; when the addition was 10%, the biscuits received the highest scores for color, scents, texture, and organizational structure. As the amount of low GI corns tarch added increased, the estimated glycemic index (eGI) of the biscuits decreased, and the viscosity of the digesta increased. Conclusion Adding an appropriate amount of corns tarch can effectively improve the GI value of biscuits, providing a fundamental experimental basis for the development of low GI foods, and offering new insights into the application of corns tarch in the food industry.

low glycemic index corn starch  /  biscuite  /  physicochemical properties  /  in vitro starch digestibility  /  rheological properties
黄延莉, 张焕新, 吕民琪, 吴平, 罗靖, 吴红霞, 刘萍. 低血糖生成指数玉米淀粉添加量对饼干品质及其体外淀粉消化率的影响. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (3) : 249 -257 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031008
Yan-Li HUANG, Huan-Xin ZHANG, Min-Qi LV, Ping WU, Jing LUO, Hong-Xia WU, Ping LIU. Effects of low glycemic index corns tarch addition on quality and in vitro starch digestibility of biscuite[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (3) : 249 -257 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031008
根据国际糖尿病联合会的数据, 目前全球糖尿病患者约为4.63亿, 预计到2045年将增至7亿, 其增长速度值得关注[1]。研究表明, 低血糖生成指数(glycemic index, GI)食品的摄入能有效减缓餐后血糖波动并促进饱腹感[2]。烘焙食品是日常生活中消费量最大的食品之一, 其淀粉消化率是存在于血糖调控领域的焦点议题。淀粉的消化率受多种因素的影响, 包括淀粉来源、含量、种类和非淀粉成分等[3]。一些非淀粉组分如蛋白质或脂肪可与淀粉形成复合物并增强它们的空间位阻[4], 这将影响消化酶和底物中糖苷键之间的结合活性[5]。因此, 内源性非淀粉组分的增加导致淀粉可消化性的显著降低[6]。食品GI和淀粉消化率密切相关, 用以评估食品烘焙性能和营养优势[7-8]
玉米淀粉作为一种广泛使用的谷物原料, 因其可调节的消化特性和成本效益而受到青睐。然而, 传统玉米淀粉的GI值限制了其在低GI食品中的应用。通过物理化学或酶法等改性方法制备的低GI玉米淀粉, 因其被改善的消化特性和较平稳的餐后血糖反应, 为食品工业提供了新的原料选择。任元元等[9]通过挤压膨化结合酶解制备低GI代餐粉, 研究发现, 其GI和感官品质都得以明显改善。LIU等[10]将不同比例的鹰嘴豆粉添加至饼干促进其慢消化性功能。饼干是一种广泛消费的淀粉烘焙食品, 由小麦粉、蔗糖和脂肪组成[11]。然而, 传统饼干的高糖高脂特性, 使其成为高GI食品的代表。为了满足市场对健康食品的需求, 开发低GI饼干成为食品科学领域的一个研究热点。刘佳松[12]、BUTTERWORTH等[13]在研究中表明淀粉食物消化特性和GI值在很大程度上取决于淀粉的糊化程度及其对淀粉水解酶的可及性。有研究人员从蛋白质和淀粉的体外消化的角度阐述了蛋白质或纤维的富集对饼干营养特性的影响[14-15], 为模拟饼干的体外消化和吸收奠定了基础[16]。但现今对淀粉消化率的系统分析较为有限, 低GI玉米淀粉在饼干中的应用以及如何调控淀粉水解的报道较少。本研究旨在探讨不同添加量的低GI玉米淀粉对饼干品质的影响, 以及其对体外淀粉消化率的作用机制, 为低GI玉米淀粉在低升糖功能性食品中的开发应用提供创新的原料选择。
低筋面粉(蛋白质8.00%, 脂肪1.60%, 碳水化合物75.30%, 苏州王后烘焙食品贸易有限公司); 低GI玉米淀粉[蛋白质9.20%, 脂肪1.00%, 碳水化合物77.10%, 预估血糖生成指数(estimated glycemic index, eGI)值为53.95±0.64, 实验室自制]; 糖粉(上海枫未实业有限公司); 食用盐(江苏省盐业集团有限责任公司); 鸡蛋(南通天成现代农业科技有限公司)。
人工胃液(CAS号: R22155)、人工小肠液(CAS号: R30384)、糖化酶(酶活1×105 U/mL)(上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 蔗糖转化酶(酶活大于等于200 U/mL, 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司); 麦芽糖淀粉酶(酶活1×106 U/g)、转葡萄糖苷酶(酶活5×105 U/mL)[夏盛(北京)生物科技开发有限公司]; 透析袋(上海伯奥生物科技有限公司); 葡萄糖氧化酶法测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所); 磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、氢氧化钠、无水乙醇(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司)。
HYG-C组合式恒温振荡器(江苏太仓市强文实验设备有限公司); Eppendorf 5810 r高速冷冻离心机(上海叶拓科技有限公司); INFINITE 200 PRO酶标仪(奥地利TECAN有限公司); Evolution Pro紫外-可见分光光度计(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); Labconco FreeZone 6 L冷冻干燥机(上海继谱电子科技有限公司); HH-S 4数显恒温水浴锅(江苏金坛市金城国胜实验仪器厂); T0-9368AD型烤箱(广东东菱电器有限公司); 美国FTC-TMS PRO质构仪(北京盈盛恒泰科技有限责任公司); CR-400色度仪(日本柯尼卡美能达公司); DISCOVERY HR-3流变仪(美国TA仪器公司); ME204E/02电子分析天平[精度0.1 mg, 梅特勒托利多科技(中国)有限公司]。
准确称取玉米淀粉溶于磷酸盐缓冲溶液(0.01 mol/L, pH=6.0)中, 配制15%质量浓度的淀粉乳液, 95 ℃水浴30 min使其完全糊化, 冷却至室温后, 加入10 mL去离子水并搅拌均匀。添加300 U/g的麦芽糖淀粉酶, 70 ℃酶解4 h, 沸水浴灭酶10 min, 冷却至室温。在已灭酶的反应液中添加300 U/g的转葡萄糖苷酶, 沸水浴10 min, 冷却至室温。加入2倍体积的无水乙醇沉析, 6000 r/min离心15 min, 重复2次, 沉淀冷冻干燥, 粉碎, 过100目筛, 即制得低GI玉米淀粉(eGI=53.95±0.64)。样品置于密封样品袋, 4 ℃干燥环境储存备用。
饼干的配方见表1。根据DELAMARE等[17]和GUJRAL等[18]的方法稍作调整制作低GI玉米淀粉饼干, 将植物油加入至面粉搅拌机中搅拌10 min, 然后少量多次加入蛋液。充分混合至无明显分离后, 加入糖粉、盐和复合泡打粉, 再次混合至无明显颗粒。然后将混合均匀的面粉(低筋小麦粉和低GI玉米淀粉的总量为1000 g, 后者分别占0%、10%、20%、30%和40%)过筛到面团中。在平整的表面上将面团擀成5 mm高的薄片。片状面团在4 ℃下静置18~20 min, 然后切成35 mm×5 mm(直径×高)的圆片, 后置于180 ℃下烘烤20 min。
饼干中的水分、灰分、粗蛋白、脂肪和总碳水化合物含量采用国家标准方法进行测定。具体方法参照表2
将冷却30 min的饼干用美国FTC TMS-PRO型质构仪, 在全质构分析(texture profile analysis, TPA)模式下对饼干的硬度、脆度、咀嚼性进行测定。
根据VANQA等[19]的方法稍作修改, 采用CR-400色度仪对低GI玉米淀粉饼干色差进行测量。通过测定饼干的Lab, 每组样品测量6次, 并通过公式(1)计算色差指数(∆E):
$\Delta E=\sqrt{\left(L-L_{0}\right)^{2}+\left(a-a_{0}\right)^{2}+\left(b-b_{0}\right)^{2}}$
式中: L值表示颜色的亮度, 取值范围从0(黑色)到100(白色); a值表示颜色在红绿轴上的位置, 正值表示偏红, 负值表示偏绿; b值表示颜色在黄蓝轴上的位置, 正值表示偏黄, 负值表示偏蓝; ΔE表示两个颜色样本之间的总色差; (L-L0)2表示亮度差异的平方; (a-a0)2表示红绿色度差异的平方; (b-b0)2表示黄蓝色度差异的平方。
饼干的感官特性采用9分制评分法进行主观评估, 范围从1(非常不喜欢)到9(非常喜欢)。由20名经过感官评定培训的同学组成评价小组(男10名、女10名), 根据参考文献[20-21]对其形态、色泽、组织结构、口感和气味5个方面进行综合评定。详细评分标准如表3所示。
采用MA等[22]和LIU等[10]的方法且稍加修改, 对饼干进行体外淀粉消化率测定, 具体步骤如下: 取低GI玉米淀粉饼干1 g于50 mL离心管中, 加入3 mL去离子水充分溶胀后, 加入适量玻璃珠和5 mL人工胃液, 在37 ℃、100 r/min水浴振荡1 h, 得到胃仿生消化物。将离心管中的胃仿生消化物用饱和NaHCO3调节pH至6.8后, 将胃部消化物用30 mL人工小肠液转移至透析袋, 加入1.5 mL (500 U/mL)新鲜配制的蔗糖转化酶溶液, 迅速混匀并置于装有800 mL生理盐水的烧杯中, 在磁力搅拌水浴锅中37 ℃、100 r/min孵育消化3 h。分别在孵育消化的0、20、40、60、90、120、150和180 min的时间点准确移取3 mL消化渗透液于离心管中, 加入0.3 mL (100 U/mL)的糖化酶, 于37 ℃的摇床中以200 r/min反应45 min, 采用葡萄糖测试试剂盒对消化液进行葡萄糖含量的测定。具体计算公式如下:
水解率由公式(2)得:
$\text { 水解率 } / \%=\frac{0.9 \times \text { 取样点还原糖释放量 }}{\text { 样品质量 }} \times 100 \%$
式中: 0.9为转换因子, 将还原糖的量转换为相当于原始淀粉或多糖的量。
水解曲线下的面积(the area under of hydrolysis curve, AUC)由公式(3)得:
$\mathrm{AUC}=C_{\infty}\left(t_{\mathrm{f}}-t_{0}\right)-\frac{C_{\infty}}{k}\left[1-e^{-k\left(t_{\mathrm{f}}-t_{0}\right)}\right]$
式中: C为最终水解平衡时的葡萄糖水解率; tf为最终反应时间(180 min); t0为起始反应时间(0 min); k为动力学常数。
水解指数(hydrolysis index, HI)由公式(4)得到:
$\mathrm{HI}=\frac{\text { 样品消化曲线下面积 }}{\text { 白面包消化曲线下面积 }} \times 100$
eGI计算公式(5)为:
eGI=0.862HI+8.198
式中: 8.198为常数项; 0.862是HI对eGI的贡献系数, 表明HI每增加一个单位, eGI将增加0.862个单位。
参考纪杭燕等[23]和HE等[24]的方法对酶改性淀粉的流变性能进行分析。分别收集饼干胃部消化后和小肠部消化的食糜, 采用流变仪进行黏度测定。将样液均匀滴置于DHR-1旋转流变仪的40 mm锥板几何形状上并对样品边缘进行适当修整。在37 ℃、0.1~100.0 s-1剪切速率条件下, 测定表观黏度与剪切速率的关系。
所有实验测定均重复3次。测定结果表示为平均值±标准偏差。使用SPSS statistics 26对实验数据进行方差分析确定差异显著性。图表使用Origin 2024和Excel 2020进行绘制。
添加不同比例的低GI玉米淀粉饼干的基本营养成分含量如表4所示。研究表明, 影响饼干保质期或储存稳定性的关键因素之一是其水分含量[25]。由表4可知, 40%低GI玉米淀粉饼干的水分含量最高, 0%低GI玉米淀粉饼干的水分含量最低。低GI玉米淀粉含量多的饼干水分含量高于比例少的饼干, 由于与低筋小麦粉相比, 玉米淀粉保水能力更强, 因此其含量高的饼干样品含水量升高[26-27]。LIU等[10]将鹰嘴豆粉添加至饼干配方中, 结果表明鹰嘴豆粉的添加有效增加了饼干的含水量。表4中不同低GI玉米淀粉添加比例也会对饼干中的蛋白质含量产生显著性影响(P<0.05), 添加低GI玉米淀粉显著提高了饼干中的蛋白质的含量(P<0.05), 10%低GI玉米淀粉饼干中的蛋白质的含量最高, 为(7.65±0.10)%, 蛋白质分析对于确定烘焙食品的营养价值和品质至关重要。NAQVI等[28]测得非-细小麦粉饼干蛋白质含量为5.65%~8.13%。GANGOLA等[29]将蚕豆面粉添加至饼干中强化其营养成分, 其中蛋白质含量显著升高, 达到16.8%。因此, 配方成分的不同可能会对产品的营养成分产生影响。表4中各组饼干中的灰分、脂质、膳食纤维含量和能量随着低GI玉米淀粉添加量的增加而发生改变。相较于对照饼干(0%), 低GI玉米淀粉饼干的碳水化合物即总糖含量显著降低(P<0.05), 表明低GI玉米淀粉的适量添加能有效改善饼干总糖含量, 促进玉米淀粉在低升糖基产品领域的研发利用[30]
饼干硬度是评价其质构品质的一个重要参数。富含蛋白质面粉在面团形成和烘焙过程中可有助于形成强蛋白质网络, 为饼干提供结构支撑, 影响饼干的硬度和厚度[31-32]。脆度是指探头从接触饼干至饼干破碎时所需的力, 脆度值越小饼干越酥松[33]。由表5可知, 低GI玉米淀粉的添加对饼干的硬度和脆度产生了显著性影响(P<0.05)。相较于对照样品(0%), 随着低GI玉米淀粉添加量的增加, 其他组别饼干的硬度和脆度呈现不同程度增强, 其中, 30%低GI玉米淀粉饼干的脆度指标值处于最高水平, 但硬度指标也最高, 影响咀嚼口感。在适宜范围内, 硬度和脆度越大, 饼干的酥松性越好, 对照饼干(0%)的硬度和脆度值最低, 质地过于酥松, 其在焙烤过程中不易成型; WITCZAK等[34]研究发现面制品的质地硬度随蜡质玉米淀粉加入发生改变。表5中20%淀粉添加比例的饼干铺展比值最大为7.10±0.07, 归因于淀粉的亲水性提高, 导致厚度增加。铺展率是评价焙烤食品发酵能力的关键参数。其受蛋白质和脂肪含量的影响, 与饼干的质地、口感和整体口感密切相关[35]。因此, 将低GI玉米淀粉添加至饼干配方中, 有可能改变面团的微观结构和最终烘焙产品的特性, 值得进一步研究。
图1所示, 饼干表观颜色随低GI玉米淀粉添加量增加而加深, 饼干色泽是影响产品质量和消费者可接受性的关键质量属性[36]。如表6所示, 不同比例的低GI玉米淀粉添加量对ΔE产生显著影响(P<0.05)。与对照饼干相比, 低GI玉米淀粉的添加显著降低了L, 增加了a, 表明饼干颜色变深。LIU等[10]在研究报告中提出饼干在烘焙过程中会发生美拉德反应, 其蛋白质含量越高, 颜色变化程度越深, 从而影响饼干的色泽。但杭妍[37]研究表明还原糖、膳食纤维以及灰分等营养成分在一定程度上也会促进美拉德反应的发生, 从而促使饼干色泽发生改变。
图2中显示了添加低GI玉米淀粉对饼干的感官特性(色泽、气味、组织结构、形态和口感)的影响。添加低GI玉米淀粉的饼干和对照(0%)饼干之间的形态方面存在差异。色泽是判断食品感官属性的重要参数, 影响食品可接受度。在色泽方面, 0%(对照)和40%存在显著差异(P<0.05), 后者的评分或喜爱度较低。此结果与2.3中对饼干色差结果分析相符合。ORTOLÁ等[38]对富含黄粉虫和白粉虱混合面粉饼干感官属性进行研究, 随着面粉含量增加至25%。含25%饼干蛋白质含量最高, 但小组成员对其喜爱度最低。由图2可知40%低GI玉米淀粉含量的饼干在口感和组织结构方面存在显著差异(P<0.05)。同时, 10%低GI玉米淀粉含量饼干的色泽、气味、口感和组织结构评价得分最高。较高比例的低GI玉米淀粉添加, 可能会掩盖饼干原有风味特性和吸水特性, 导致饼干口感和组织结构发生变化。
不同低GI玉米淀粉添加量的饼干0~180 min淀粉消化率如图3所示。各组别饼干淀粉的消化趋势几乎相同。前30 min时, 淀粉水解率呈快速增加趋势, 随后水解速率逐渐减慢; 在30~60 min时, 添加了低GI玉米淀粉的饼干消化速率曲线均显著低于对照饼干, 且淀粉占比越多其淀粉消化率越低, 其中40%饼干的消化速率最慢; 到180 min时, 40%添加比例的饼干淀粉消化率为(25.98±1.16)%, 较对照(0%)饼干减少了10.13%。主要归因于饼干紧密的微观结构通过减少反应面积限制了淀粉酶和淀粉之间的接触, 从而导致较低的淀粉水解速率[39]。GE等[40]和DU等[41]的研究结果得出相同结论, 在南瓜面包和荞麦面条的致密微观结构也可以阻止胃蛋白酶水解内部面筋网络。同时, 随着消化反应的进行, 饼干中淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪的结合形式逐渐消失。在消化的初始阶段, 淀粉颗粒被很好地包埋在蛋白质和脂肪之间, 并且存在网络结构[42]。当消化60 min时, 网络结构逐渐瓦解, 表明大部分消化集中在前60 min, 这与消化曲线所反映的一致。
根据食物血糖指数分类: GI值>70被认定为高GI食物, GI值55~70为中GI食物, GI值<55的为低GI食物[43]。低GI玉米淀粉饼干的动力学水解指数和eGI值如表7所示。结果表明, 随着低GI玉米淀粉占比增加, 饼干eGI值逐渐降低(72.92~57.99), 40%低GI玉米淀粉饼干的eGI值最低。表明低GI玉米淀粉具有降低饼干GI值的潜力。徐艺航等[44]将低血糖生成指数杂粮粉替代可可粉降低了饼干配方中的淀粉含量, 降低了还原糖的释放量。此外, 淀粉的消化率还和淀粉与消化酶的接触难易程度有关。任顺成等[45]研究发现, 可以通过添加一些外源性食物成分抑制消化酶的活性或阻碍淀粉与酶的接触来降低淀粉的消化率, 如蛋白质可以与淀粉结合, 形成屏障, 减少消化酶的接触[45]。因此利用低GI玉米淀粉替代部分低筋面粉, 提高了饼干中蛋白质含量, 有利于降低饼干的预估血糖生成指数。
食糜的流变特性对消化有显著影响。目前, 低GI玉米淀粉饼干在消化过程中的流变性质研究较少。食品黏度随消化液的稀释特性和淀粉及其他营养物质的水解作用, 在消化过程中会发生改变, 而其在肠道中的黏度效应与消化特性有关。因此, 本研究对饼干食糜的表观黏度进行测定。如图4所示, 与对照饼干(0%)相比, 添加量为40%低GI玉米淀粉饼干胃部和肠部食糜的表观黏度值增大。饼干在胃部食糜的表观黏度值明显高于肠部, 这是因为在小肠消化阶段加入了人工小肠液, 肠部消化液被稀释, 导致黏度值降低[40,46]。由图4b所示, 添加了低GI玉米淀粉的饼干食糜黏度值均显著高于对照(0%)饼干, 40%饼干的黏度值最大, 说明加入低GI玉米淀粉可以提高饼干消化食糜的黏度。颜桂花[47]研究发现, 食糜黏度增大可作为物理屏障, 降低消化液在肠腔内的流动性, 减少酶向淀粉底物的扩散或限制消化酶和淀粉的混合效率, 产生低淀粉水解动力学。
本研究对低GI玉米淀粉饼干营养成分、质构特性、色差属性、感官特性以及体外淀粉消化性进行了测定分析。结果表明, 添加低GI玉米淀粉改善了饼干营养特性及降低了其eGI。此外, 添加低GI玉米淀粉会改变饼干的质构特性, 玉米淀粉添加占比越高, 饼干的硬度、脆度越高。体外消化研究结果表明加入低GI玉米淀粉降低了饼干中淀粉水解率和eGI值。同时, 添加低GI玉米淀粉可以提高胃肠道消化中饼干食糜的表观黏度, 减少酶和淀粉的接触机会, 从而减少饼干的消化释糖量。因此, 适量添加低GI玉米淀粉不仅能够提升饼干的物化品质和营养价值, 还能有效降低其血糖生成指数, 为开发低GI功能性食品提供了新的原料选择。未来的研究可以进一步探索不同添加量下饼干的长期储存稳定性以及消费者接受度, 以实现低GI玉米淀粉在食品工业中的广泛应用。
  • 江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究项目(23KJB550003)
  • 泰州市科技支撑计划(农业)项目(TN202206)
  • 江苏农牧科技职业学院校级科研项目(NSF2021ZR04)
  • 江苏农牧科技职业学院科技创新团队资助项目(NSF2023TC03)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031008
  • 接收时间:2024-10-31
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31
基金
江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究项目(23KJB550003)
泰州市科技支撑计划(农业)项目(TN202206)
江苏农牧科技职业学院校级科研项目(NSF2021ZR04)
江苏农牧科技职业学院科技创新团队资助项目(NSF2023TC03)
作者信息
    1.江苏农牧科技职业学院食品科技学院, 泰州 225300
    2.江苏海洋大学海洋食品与生物工程学院, 连云港 222005
    3.江苏海王健康生物科技有限公司, 泰州 225300

通讯作者:

* 张焕新(1972—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为食品功能因子。E-mail:
刘萍(1982—), 女, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为食品功能因子。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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