Article(id=1153986642462364171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241212008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733932800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061455598, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061455598, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061455598, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061455598, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986642063905290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061455502, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760070725729, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=265, endPage=275, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986642860823052, articleId=1153986642462364171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Simultaneous determination of 23 kinds of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl subtances in freshwater fishes by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To develope a method based on organic solvent extraction and solid phase extraction purification combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 23 kinds of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfuluorocarboxylic acids, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids, and fluorotelomer sulfonic acids, in freshwater fishes. Methods The chromatographic conditions and mass spectrometry parameters were optimized, and the effects of extraction solvent and solid phase extraction column fillers on sample recovery and purification were investigated. The optimal sample pretreatment and instrument conditions were determined. Freshwater fish samples were directly extracted with 2% formic acid and purified using a lipid removal PPR Pro column. With 5 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution and methanol as mobile phase, the target substances were separated by C18 chromatographic column. The mass spectrum was detected by electrospray ion source (ESI-), multi reaction monitoring (MRM) and stable isotope internal standard method. Results The 23 kinds of target PFASs had a good linear relationship within 0.5-100.0 ng/mL mass concentration range (r2>0.980), with the limits of detection was 0.030-0.146 μg/kg and the limits of quantification were 0.100-0.567 μg/kg. The spiked recoveries of serum sample were 72.9%-111.0%, with relative standard deviations of 3.0%-17.5% (n=9). Conclusion The method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, strong anti-interference and good precision, and is suitable for the rapid detection and analysis of 23 kinds of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid and polyfluorotelomeric sulfonic acid in freshwater fish.

, correspAuthors=Fang LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xue-Li YANG, Meng WANG, Ya-Lei YANG, Wen-Tao LUO, Jia-Lei TIAN, Fang LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986669926666304, articleId=1153986642462364171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测淡水鱼中23种全氟及多氟烷基化合物, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立一种有机溶剂提取、固相萃取柱净化、超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定淡水鱼中全氟烷基羧酸、全氟烷基磺酸及多氟调聚磺酸3类23种全氟及多氟烷基化合物(perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFASs)的分析方法。方法 优化了色谱分离条件、质谱检测参数, 并考察了提取溶剂及固相萃取柱填料对样品加标回收率和净化效果的影响, 确定了最佳样品前处理及仪器条件。淡水鱼样品经2%甲酸/乙腈提取后, 采用去磷脂PPR Pro小柱净化, 以5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液和甲醇为流动相, 通过C18反相色谱柱分离目标物; 质谱采用电喷雾离子源负离子模式(electrospray ionization, ESI-), 以多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)检测, 稳定同位素内标法定量。结果 23种PFASs目标物在0.5’100.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r2>0.980), 检出限为0.030~0.170 μg/kg, 定量限为0.100~0.567 μg/kg, 方法回收率为72.9%~111.0%, 相对标准偏差为3.0%~17.5% (n=9)。结论 该方法操作简便, 灵敏度高, 抗干扰性强, 精密度好, 适用于淡水鱼中23种全氟烷基羧酸、全氟烷基磺酸及多氟调聚磺酸的快速检测分析。

, correspAuthors=李方, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李方(1981—), 女, 硕士, 主任医师, 主要研究方向为食品安全风险评估。E-mail:
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杨雪丽(1988—), 女, 硕士, 高级实验师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测及风险评估。E-mail:

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杨雪丽(1988—), 女, 硕士, 高级实验师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测及风险评估。E-mail:

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Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2008(11): 255-257., articleTitle=Lipid classes analysis for several common freshwater fishes, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1183428203797431107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, awardId=TSYC202301B168, language=CN, fundingSource=新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划项目(TSYC202301B168), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1183428197367563016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428197375951625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, companyId=1183428197367563016, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Urumqi 830001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428197388534538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, companyId=1183428197367563016, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心, 乌鲁木齐 830001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1183428201129853745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Total ion chromatogram of 23 kinds of PFASs, figureFileSmall=EtxJDdWqQy3Vr9j4AujRQw==, figureFileBig=++Tb+8NAdstPQQ7RfGbQOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428201247294258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=CN, label=图1, caption=23种PFASs的总离子流图

注:1. PFBA; 2. PFPeA; 3. PFHxA; 4.PFBS; 5. PFHpA; 6. DONA; 7. PFPeS; 8. PFOA; 9. PFHxS; 10. PFNA; 11. PFHpS; 12. PFDA; 13. PFOS; 14. PFUdA; 15. 6:2 FTS; 16. PFNS; 17. PFDoA; 18. PFDS; 19. PFTrDA; 20. 8:2 FTS; 21. PFTeDA; 22. PFHxDA; 23. PFODA。

, figureFileSmall=EtxJDdWqQy3Vr9j4AujRQw==, figureFileBig=++Tb+8NAdstPQQ7RfGbQOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428201347957555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different extraction solvents on the recoveries of the 23 kinds of PFASs (n=6), figureFileSmall=axQngpR6Uoci+gy50xIo1A==, figureFileBig=gYI9S1aZOqSpVxSX9CsFBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428201444426548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同萃取溶剂对23种PFASs回收率的影响(n=6), figureFileSmall=axQngpR6Uoci+gy50xIo1A==, figureFileBig=gYI9S1aZOqSpVxSX9CsFBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428201628975925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different purification materials on recoveries of 23 kinds of PFSAs (n=6), figureFileSmall=4Ae6EHtwwJC6eJqRPEPzzQ==, figureFileBig=D2rqEsOVTOpMK/l2E0zKYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428201813525302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同净化材料对23种PFSAs回收率的影响(n=6), figureFileSmall=4Ae6EHtwwJC6eJqRPEPzzQ==, figureFileBig=D2rqEsOVTOpMK/l2E0zKYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428201901605687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Determination results of PFOA and PFOS in quality control sample (n=6), figureFileSmall=6j+UmmhzYjmOIG/iIk3PNg==, figureFileBig=t/RdsqsAg0uAgN74bMVcjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428201998074680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=CN, label=图4, caption=质控品中PFOS、PFOA测定结果(n=6), figureFileSmall=6j+UmmhzYjmOIG/iIk3PNg==, figureFileBig=t/RdsqsAg0uAgN74bMVcjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428202123903801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=MRM chromatograms of PFASs detected in freshwater fish, figureFileSmall=RN1mA3pth+fQv6LtIcixeQ==, figureFileBig=iXZfr46PR4AprTZoLCPqgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428202300064570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=CN, label=图5, caption=阳性淡水鱼样品中PFASs的MRM色谱图, figureFileSmall=RN1mA3pth+fQv6LtIcixeQ==, figureFileBig=iXZfr46PR4AprTZoLCPqgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428202417505083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Informations of 23 kinds of target compounds and 13 kinds of isotope internal standard

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物 英文名称 缩写 CAS 分子式 分子量
全氟丁酸 perfluorobutanoic acid PFBA 375-224 C4HF7O2 214.04
全氟戊酸 perfluoropentanoic acid PFPeA 2706-90-3 C5HF9O2 264.05
全氟己酸 perfluorohexanoic acid PFHxA 307-24-4 C6HF11O2 314.05
全氟庚酸 perfluoroheptanoic acid PFHpA 375-85-9 C7HF13O2 364.06
全氟辛酸 perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA 335-67-1 C8HF15O2 414.07
全氟壬酸 perfluorononanoic acid PFNA 375-95-1 C9HF17O2 464.08
全氟癸酸 perfluorodecanoic acid PFDA 335-76-2 C10HF19O2 514.08
全氟十一酸 perfluoroundecanoic acid PFUdA 2058-94-8 C11HF21O2 564.09
全氟十二酸 perfluorododecanoic acid PFDoA 307-55-1 C12HF23O2 614.10
全氟十三酸 perfluorotridecanoic acid PFTrDA 72629-94-8 C13HF25O2 664.10
全氟十四烷酸 perfluorotetradecanoic acid PFTeDA 376-06-7 C14HF27O2 714.11
全氟十六烷酸 perfluorohexadecanoic acid PFHxDA 67905-19-5 C16HF31O2 814.13
全氟十八酸 perfluorooctadecanoic acid PFODA 16517-11-6 C18HF35O2 914.14
全氟丁烷磺酸 perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS 375-73-5 C4HF9O3S 300.10
全氟己烷磺酸 perfluorohexanesulfonic acid PFHxS 355-46-4 C6HF13O3S 400.11
全氟辛烷磺酸 perfluorooctane sulfonic acid PFOS 1763-23-1 C8HF17O3S 500.13
全氟癸烷磺酸钠 perfluorodecanesulfonic acid sodium PFDS 2806-15-7 C10F21NaO3S 622.13
全氟戊烷磺酸 perfluoropentanesulfonic acid PFPeS 2706-91-4 C5HF11O3S 350.11
全氟庚烷磺酸 perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid PFHpS 375-92-8 C7HF15O3S 450.12
全氟壬烷磺酸 perfluorononanesulfonic acid PFNS 98789-57-2 C9H2F19NaO3S 574.13
4.8-二氧杂-3H-全氟壬酸 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid DONA 919005-14-4 C7H2F12O4 378.07
6:2氯代多氟烷基醚磺酸盐 potassium 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-
3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate
6:2 FTS / C8ClF16O4SK 531.97
8:2氯代多氟烷基醚磺酸盐 potassium 11-chloroeicosafluoro-
3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonate
8:2 FTS / C10ClF20O4SK 631.97
13C4-全氟丁酸 13C4-perfluorobutanoic acid 13C4-PFBA 1017281-29-6 / 218.01
13C5-全氟戊酸 13C5-perfluoropentanoic acid 13C5-PFPeA 2283397-79-3 / 269.01
13C5-全氟己酸 13C5-perfluorohexanoic acid 13C5-PFHxA 2328024-54-8 / 319.02
13C4-全氟庚酸 13C4-perfluoroheptanoic acid 13C4-PFHpA 2328024-55-9 / 368.03
13C8-全氟辛酸 13C8-perfluorooctanoic acid 13C8-PFOA 1350614-84-4 / 422.01
13C9-全氟壬酸 13C9-perfluorononanoic acid 13C9-PFNA 2283397-80-6 / 473.01
13C6-全氟癸酸 13C6-perfluorodecanoic acid 13C6-PFDA 2328024-56-0 / 520.04
13C7-全氟十一酸 13C7-perfluoroundecanoic acid 13C7-PFUdA 2058-94-8 / 571.04
13C2-全氟十二酸 13C2-perfluorododecanoic acid 13C2-PFDoA 960315-52-0 / 616.08
13C2-全氟十四烷酸 13C2-perfluorotetradecanoic acid 13C2-PFTeDA 2708218-82-8 / 716.10
13C3-全氟丁烷磺酸 3C3-perfluorobutanesulfonic acid 13C3-PFBS 2708218-84-0 / 325.06
13C3-全氟己烷磺酸 13C3-perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 13C3-PFHxS 2708218-86-2 / 716.10
13C8-全氟辛烷磺酸 13C8-perfluorooctane sulfonic acid 13C8-PFOS 2522762-16-7 / 530.06
), ArticleFig(id=1183428202526556988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

23种目标化合物及13种同位素内标信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物 英文名称 缩写 CAS 分子式 分子量
全氟丁酸 perfluorobutanoic acid PFBA 375-224 C4HF7O2 214.04
全氟戊酸 perfluoropentanoic acid PFPeA 2706-90-3 C5HF9O2 264.05
全氟己酸 perfluorohexanoic acid PFHxA 307-24-4 C6HF11O2 314.05
全氟庚酸 perfluoroheptanoic acid PFHpA 375-85-9 C7HF13O2 364.06
全氟辛酸 perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA 335-67-1 C8HF15O2 414.07
全氟壬酸 perfluorononanoic acid PFNA 375-95-1 C9HF17O2 464.08
全氟癸酸 perfluorodecanoic acid PFDA 335-76-2 C10HF19O2 514.08
全氟十一酸 perfluoroundecanoic acid PFUdA 2058-94-8 C11HF21O2 564.09
全氟十二酸 perfluorododecanoic acid PFDoA 307-55-1 C12HF23O2 614.10
全氟十三酸 perfluorotridecanoic acid PFTrDA 72629-94-8 C13HF25O2 664.10
全氟十四烷酸 perfluorotetradecanoic acid PFTeDA 376-06-7 C14HF27O2 714.11
全氟十六烷酸 perfluorohexadecanoic acid PFHxDA 67905-19-5 C16HF31O2 814.13
全氟十八酸 perfluorooctadecanoic acid PFODA 16517-11-6 C18HF35O2 914.14
全氟丁烷磺酸 perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS 375-73-5 C4HF9O3S 300.10
全氟己烷磺酸 perfluorohexanesulfonic acid PFHxS 355-46-4 C6HF13O3S 400.11
全氟辛烷磺酸 perfluorooctane sulfonic acid PFOS 1763-23-1 C8HF17O3S 500.13
全氟癸烷磺酸钠 perfluorodecanesulfonic acid sodium PFDS 2806-15-7 C10F21NaO3S 622.13
全氟戊烷磺酸 perfluoropentanesulfonic acid PFPeS 2706-91-4 C5HF11O3S 350.11
全氟庚烷磺酸 perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid PFHpS 375-92-8 C7HF15O3S 450.12
全氟壬烷磺酸 perfluorononanesulfonic acid PFNS 98789-57-2 C9H2F19NaO3S 574.13
4.8-二氧杂-3H-全氟壬酸 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid DONA 919005-14-4 C7H2F12O4 378.07
6:2氯代多氟烷基醚磺酸盐 potassium 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-
3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate
6:2 FTS / C8ClF16O4SK 531.97
8:2氯代多氟烷基醚磺酸盐 potassium 11-chloroeicosafluoro-
3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonate
8:2 FTS / C10ClF20O4SK 631.97
13C4-全氟丁酸 13C4-perfluorobutanoic acid 13C4-PFBA 1017281-29-6 / 218.01
13C5-全氟戊酸 13C5-perfluoropentanoic acid 13C5-PFPeA 2283397-79-3 / 269.01
13C5-全氟己酸 13C5-perfluorohexanoic acid 13C5-PFHxA 2328024-54-8 / 319.02
13C4-全氟庚酸 13C4-perfluoroheptanoic acid 13C4-PFHpA 2328024-55-9 / 368.03
13C8-全氟辛酸 13C8-perfluorooctanoic acid 13C8-PFOA 1350614-84-4 / 422.01
13C9-全氟壬酸 13C9-perfluorononanoic acid 13C9-PFNA 2283397-80-6 / 473.01
13C6-全氟癸酸 13C6-perfluorodecanoic acid 13C6-PFDA 2328024-56-0 / 520.04
13C7-全氟十一酸 13C7-perfluoroundecanoic acid 13C7-PFUdA 2058-94-8 / 571.04
13C2-全氟十二酸 13C2-perfluorododecanoic acid 13C2-PFDoA 960315-52-0 / 616.08
13C2-全氟十四烷酸 13C2-perfluorotetradecanoic acid 13C2-PFTeDA 2708218-82-8 / 716.10
13C3-全氟丁烷磺酸 3C3-perfluorobutanesulfonic acid 13C3-PFBS 2708218-84-0 / 325.06
13C3-全氟己烷磺酸 13C3-perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 13C3-PFHxS 2708218-86-2 / 716.10
13C8-全氟辛烷磺酸 13C8-perfluorooctane sulfonic acid 13C8-PFOS 2522762-16-7 / 530.06
), ArticleFig(id=1183428202648191805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mass spectrometry parameters of 23 kinds of target compounds and 13 kinds of isotopic internal standard

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物 保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 锥孔电压/V 碰撞能量/eV 内标
PFBA 2.70 213.1 169.0* 16 10 13C4-PFBA
PFPeA 3.58 263.1 219.0* 15 10 13C5-PFPeA
PFHxA 4.26 313.2 269.1*, 118.9 12 10,16 13C5-PFHxA
PFHpA 4.82 363.2 319.1*,169.0 12 10,16 13C4-PFHpA
PFOA 5.31 413.3 369.1*,168.9 14 12,20 13C8-PFOA
PFNA 5.78 463.3 419.1*,219.0 15 12,20 13C9-PFNA
PFDA 6.25 513.3 469.2*,219.1 15 12,20 13C6-PFDA
PFUdA 6.68 563.3 519.2*,269.1 12 12,20 13C7-PFUdA
PFDoA 7.10 613.3 569.1*,169.0 20 12,25 13C2-PFDoA
PFTrDA 7.55 663.4 619.1*,169.0 15 15,25 13C2-PFTeDA
PFTeDA 7.98 713.4 669.1*,169.0 20 12,30 13C2-PFTeDA
PFHxDA 8.76 813.4 769.2*,169.0 18 15,35 13C2-PFTeDA
PFODA 9.42 913.45 869.4*,269.0 20 15,30 13C2-PFTeDA
PFBS 4.48 299.1 79.9*,98.9 40 25,25 13C3-PFBS
PFHxS 5.62 399.3 79.9*,98.9 50 30,30 13C3-PFHxS
PFOS 6.56 499.3 79.9*,98.9 50 40,35 13C8-PFOS
PFDS 7.43 599.3 79.9*,98.9 60 45,40 13C2-PFTeDA
PFPeS 5.10 349.1 79.9*,98.9 45 30,25 13C8-PFOA
PFHpS 6.11 449.2 79.9*,98.9 50 35,30 13C6-PFDA
PFNS 7.00 549.3 79.9*,98.9 50 40,35 13C2-PFDoA
DONA 5.01 377.2 84.9*,251.0 15 25,10 13C4-PFHpA
6:2 FTS 6.89 531.2 82.9*,351.0 40 20,20 13C7-PFUdA
8:2 FTS 7.75 631.3 82.9*,451.1 40 30,25 13C2-PFTeDA
13C4-PFBA 2.70 217.1 172.0* 15 10 /
13C5-PFPeA 3.58 268.1 223.1* 15 8 /
13C5-PFHxA 4.26 318.2 273.1* 15 10 /
13C4-PFHpA 4.82 367.2 322.1* 15 8 /
13C8-PFOA 5.31 421.3 376.1* 15 10 /
13C9-PFNA 5.78 472.3 427.1* 15 10 /
13C6-PFDA 6.25 519.3 474.1* 15 10 /
13C7-PFUdA 6.68 570.3 525.1* 15 12 /
13C2-PFDoA 7.10 615.3 570.1* 15 10 /
13C2-PFTeDA 7.98 715.4 670.1* 15 10 /
13C3-PFBS 4.48 302.1 79.9* 40 25 /
13C3-PFHxS 5.62 402.2 79.9* 45 30 /
13C8-PFOS 6.56 507.3 79.9* 55 40 /
), ArticleFig(id=1183428202794992446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

23种目标化合物和13种同位素内标的质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物 保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 锥孔电压/V 碰撞能量/eV 内标
PFBA 2.70 213.1 169.0* 16 10 13C4-PFBA
PFPeA 3.58 263.1 219.0* 15 10 13C5-PFPeA
PFHxA 4.26 313.2 269.1*, 118.9 12 10,16 13C5-PFHxA
PFHpA 4.82 363.2 319.1*,169.0 12 10,16 13C4-PFHpA
PFOA 5.31 413.3 369.1*,168.9 14 12,20 13C8-PFOA
PFNA 5.78 463.3 419.1*,219.0 15 12,20 13C9-PFNA
PFDA 6.25 513.3 469.2*,219.1 15 12,20 13C6-PFDA
PFUdA 6.68 563.3 519.2*,269.1 12 12,20 13C7-PFUdA
PFDoA 7.10 613.3 569.1*,169.0 20 12,25 13C2-PFDoA
PFTrDA 7.55 663.4 619.1*,169.0 15 15,25 13C2-PFTeDA
PFTeDA 7.98 713.4 669.1*,169.0 20 12,30 13C2-PFTeDA
PFHxDA 8.76 813.4 769.2*,169.0 18 15,35 13C2-PFTeDA
PFODA 9.42 913.45 869.4*,269.0 20 15,30 13C2-PFTeDA
PFBS 4.48 299.1 79.9*,98.9 40 25,25 13C3-PFBS
PFHxS 5.62 399.3 79.9*,98.9 50 30,30 13C3-PFHxS
PFOS 6.56 499.3 79.9*,98.9 50 40,35 13C8-PFOS
PFDS 7.43 599.3 79.9*,98.9 60 45,40 13C2-PFTeDA
PFPeS 5.10 349.1 79.9*,98.9 45 30,25 13C8-PFOA
PFHpS 6.11 449.2 79.9*,98.9 50 35,30 13C6-PFDA
PFNS 7.00 549.3 79.9*,98.9 50 40,35 13C2-PFDoA
DONA 5.01 377.2 84.9*,251.0 15 25,10 13C4-PFHpA
6:2 FTS 6.89 531.2 82.9*,351.0 40 20,20 13C7-PFUdA
8:2 FTS 7.75 631.3 82.9*,451.1 40 30,25 13C2-PFTeDA
13C4-PFBA 2.70 217.1 172.0* 15 10 /
13C5-PFPeA 3.58 268.1 223.1* 15 8 /
13C5-PFHxA 4.26 318.2 273.1* 15 10 /
13C4-PFHpA 4.82 367.2 322.1* 15 8 /
13C8-PFOA 5.31 421.3 376.1* 15 10 /
13C9-PFNA 5.78 472.3 427.1* 15 10 /
13C6-PFDA 6.25 519.3 474.1* 15 10 /
13C7-PFUdA 6.68 570.3 525.1* 15 12 /
13C2-PFDoA 7.10 615.3 570.1* 15 10 /
13C2-PFTeDA 7.98 715.4 670.1* 15 10 /
13C3-PFBS 4.48 302.1 79.9* 40 25 /
13C3-PFHxS 5.62 402.2 79.9* 45 30 /
13C8-PFOS 6.56 507.3 79.9* 55 40 /
), ArticleFig(id=1183428202933404479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Linear equations, linear ranges, correlation coefficient (r2), LODs and LOQs of 23 kinds of PFASs (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物 线性方程 线性范围/(ng/mL) r2 LODs/(μg/kg) LOQs/(μg/kg)
PFBA Y=0.82662X-0.420165 0.5~100.0 0.9935 0.150 0.500
PFPeA Y=0.791984X-0.377498 0.5~100.0 0.9974 0.150 0.500
PFHxA Y=0.946889X-0.277021 0.5~100.0 0.9963 0.150 0.500
PFHpA Y=0.653215X-0.623983 0.5~100.0 0.9857 0.100 0.300
PFOA Y=0.746692X+2.66714 0.5~100.0 0.9889 0.170 0.567
PFNA Y=0.73903X-0.504121 0.5~100.0 0.9972 0.090 0.300
PFDA Y=1.0948X-0.244595 0.5~100.0 0.9910 0.060 0.200
PFUdA Y=1.18316X-0.69153 0.5~100.0 0.9944 0.050 0.167
PFDoA Y=0.932256X-0.508988 0.5~100.0 0.9960 0.040 0.133
PFTrDA Y=0.809785X-0.31495 0.5~100.0 0.9946 0.130 0.433
PFTeDA Y=0.238474X-0.16961 0.5~100.0 0.9958 0.130 0.433
PFHxDA Y=0.183561X-0.0693887 0.5~100.0 0.9945 0.130 0.433
PFODA Y=0.269321X-0.124481 0.5~100.0 0.9980 0.130 0.433
PFBS Y=0.304578X-0.268669 0.5~100.0 0.9961 0.130 0.433
PFHxS Y=0.887908X-0.272432 0.5~100.0 0.9947 0.120 0.400
PFOS Y=1.21091X-0.515539 0.5~100.0 0.9943 0.150 0.500
PFDS Y=0.664659X-0.00343536 0.5~100.0 0.9967 0.100 0.333
PFPeS Y=1.43025X-1.08745 0.5~100.0 0.9967 0.100 0.333
PFHpS Y=1.0199X+ 0.315826 0.5~100.0 0.9979 0.070 0.233
PFNS Y=1.34366X-0.495068 0.5~100.0 0.9928 0.100 0.333
DONA Y=1.82598X-0.401255 0.5~100.0 0.9990 0.030 0.100
6:2 FTS Y=3.17261X-1.3163 0.5~100.0 0.9949 0.030 0.100
8:2 FTS Y=3.28164X-1.06736 0.5~100.0 0.9992 0.060 0.200
), ArticleFig(id=1183428203063427904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

23种PFASs的线性方程、线性范围、相关系数(r2)、方法LODs及LOQs (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物 线性方程 线性范围/(ng/mL) r2 LODs/(μg/kg) LOQs/(μg/kg)
PFBA Y=0.82662X-0.420165 0.5~100.0 0.9935 0.150 0.500
PFPeA Y=0.791984X-0.377498 0.5~100.0 0.9974 0.150 0.500
PFHxA Y=0.946889X-0.277021 0.5~100.0 0.9963 0.150 0.500
PFHpA Y=0.653215X-0.623983 0.5~100.0 0.9857 0.100 0.300
PFOA Y=0.746692X+2.66714 0.5~100.0 0.9889 0.170 0.567
PFNA Y=0.73903X-0.504121 0.5~100.0 0.9972 0.090 0.300
PFDA Y=1.0948X-0.244595 0.5~100.0 0.9910 0.060 0.200
PFUdA Y=1.18316X-0.69153 0.5~100.0 0.9944 0.050 0.167
PFDoA Y=0.932256X-0.508988 0.5~100.0 0.9960 0.040 0.133
PFTrDA Y=0.809785X-0.31495 0.5~100.0 0.9946 0.130 0.433
PFTeDA Y=0.238474X-0.16961 0.5~100.0 0.9958 0.130 0.433
PFHxDA Y=0.183561X-0.0693887 0.5~100.0 0.9945 0.130 0.433
PFODA Y=0.269321X-0.124481 0.5~100.0 0.9980 0.130 0.433
PFBS Y=0.304578X-0.268669 0.5~100.0 0.9961 0.130 0.433
PFHxS Y=0.887908X-0.272432 0.5~100.0 0.9947 0.120 0.400
PFOS Y=1.21091X-0.515539 0.5~100.0 0.9943 0.150 0.500
PFDS Y=0.664659X-0.00343536 0.5~100.0 0.9967 0.100 0.333
PFPeS Y=1.43025X-1.08745 0.5~100.0 0.9967 0.100 0.333
PFHpS Y=1.0199X+ 0.315826 0.5~100.0 0.9979 0.070 0.233
PFNS Y=1.34366X-0.495068 0.5~100.0 0.9928 0.100 0.333
DONA Y=1.82598X-0.401255 0.5~100.0 0.9990 0.030 0.100
6:2 FTS Y=3.17261X-1.3163 0.5~100.0 0.9949 0.030 0.100
8:2 FTS Y=3.28164X-1.06736 0.5~100.0 0.9992 0.060 0.200
), ArticleFig(id=1183428203231200065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Spiked recoveries and RSDs of 23 kinds of PFASs (n=9)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物 加标量0.5 μg/kg 加标量2.5 μg/kg 加标量5.0 μg/kg
平均回收率/% RSDs/% 平均回收率/% RSDs/% 平均回收率/% RSDs/%
PFBA 85.2 5.4 95.5 3.8 94.1 3.3
PFPeA 75.0 8.7 87.6 4.4 92.1 4.0
PFHxA 78.4 16.3 90.8 10.8 95.3 8.1
PFHpA 87.4 11.3 90.1 12.9 94.9 12.3
PFOA 75.3 14.7 90.8 10.7 94.7 14.0
PFNA 78.8 15.2 86.4 9.0 94.6 9.4
PFDA 80.4 14.4 86.1 5.3 84.4 11.2
PFUdA 73.9 15.6 88.2 14.0 98.4 15.5
PFDoA 82.8 14.9 87.9 12.5 91.9 15.9
PFTrDA 81.6 17.5 86.4 5.0 90.0 8.0
PFTeDA 77.9 13.3 82.1 7.0 85.0 11.3
PFHxDA 75.4 13.2 75.9 8.2 81.5 7.0
PFODA 72.9 11.0 87.4 9.6 86.1 5.8
PFBS 86.6 12.9 83.5 9.4 87.8 5.1
PFHxS 79.7 11.8 96.8 12.1 95.8 14.4
PFOS 81.0 6.4 86.2 10.6 83.4 9.6
PFDS 87.0 9.0 98.1 9.6 106.5 12.6
PFPeS 108.3 9.5 107.3 15.6 111.0 8.2
PFHpS 88.7 11.9 104.6 3.9 100.5 3.0
PFNS 92.0 10.5 89.9 7.7 108.1 10.8
DONA 80.0 14.5 87.0 4.5 89.6 9.9
6:2 FTS 82.7 14.1 88.3 9.8 89.7 9.5
8:2 FTS 94.1 10.7 100.7 10.4 109.3 8.9
), ArticleFig(id=1183428203482858306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986642462364171, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

23种PFASs的加标回收率和RSDs (n=9)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物 加标量0.5 μg/kg 加标量2.5 μg/kg 加标量5.0 μg/kg
平均回收率/% RSDs/% 平均回收率/% RSDs/% 平均回收率/% RSDs/%
PFBA 85.2 5.4 95.5 3.8 94.1 3.3
PFPeA 75.0 8.7 87.6 4.4 92.1 4.0
PFHxA 78.4 16.3 90.8 10.8 95.3 8.1
PFHpA 87.4 11.3 90.1 12.9 94.9 12.3
PFOA 75.3 14.7 90.8 10.7 94.7 14.0
PFNA 78.8 15.2 86.4 9.0 94.6 9.4
PFDA 80.4 14.4 86.1 5.3 84.4 11.2
PFUdA 73.9 15.6 88.2 14.0 98.4 15.5
PFDoA 82.8 14.9 87.9 12.5 91.9 15.9
PFTrDA 81.6 17.5 86.4 5.0 90.0 8.0
PFTeDA 77.9 13.3 82.1 7.0 85.0 11.3
PFHxDA 75.4 13.2 75.9 8.2 81.5 7.0
PFODA 72.9 11.0 87.4 9.6 86.1 5.8
PFBS 86.6 12.9 83.5 9.4 87.8 5.1
PFHxS 79.7 11.8 96.8 12.1 95.8 14.4
PFOS 81.0 6.4 86.2 10.6 83.4 9.6
PFDS 87.0 9.0 98.1 9.6 106.5 12.6
PFPeS 108.3 9.5 107.3 15.6 111.0 8.2
PFHpS 88.7 11.9 104.6 3.9 100.5 3.0
PFNS 92.0 10.5 89.9 7.7 108.1 10.8
DONA 80.0 14.5 87.0 4.5 89.6 9.9
6:2 FTS 82.7 14.1 88.3 9.8 89.7 9.5
8:2 FTS 94.1 10.7 100.7 10.4 109.3 8.9
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超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测淡水鱼中23种全氟及多氟烷基化合物
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杨雪丽 , 王猛 , 杨亚磊 , 罗文涛 , 田家磊 , 李方 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(3): 265-275
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(3): 265-275
超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测淡水鱼中23种全氟及多氟烷基化合物
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杨雪丽 , 王猛, 杨亚磊, 罗文涛, 田家磊, 李方*
作者信息
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心, 乌鲁木齐 830001
  • 杨雪丽(1988—), 女, 硕士, 高级实验师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测及风险评估。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 李方(1981—), 女, 硕士, 主任医师, 主要研究方向为食品安全风险评估。E-mail:
Simultaneous determination of 23 kinds of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl subtances in freshwater fishes by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Xue-Li YANG , Meng WANG, Ya-Lei YANG, Wen-Tao LUO, Jia-Lei TIAN, Fang LI*
Affiliations
  • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Urumqi 830001, China
出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241212008
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目的 建立一种有机溶剂提取、固相萃取柱净化、超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定淡水鱼中全氟烷基羧酸、全氟烷基磺酸及多氟调聚磺酸3类23种全氟及多氟烷基化合物(perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFASs)的分析方法。方法 优化了色谱分离条件、质谱检测参数, 并考察了提取溶剂及固相萃取柱填料对样品加标回收率和净化效果的影响, 确定了最佳样品前处理及仪器条件。淡水鱼样品经2%甲酸/乙腈提取后, 采用去磷脂PPR Pro小柱净化, 以5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液和甲醇为流动相, 通过C18反相色谱柱分离目标物; 质谱采用电喷雾离子源负离子模式(electrospray ionization, ESI-), 以多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)检测, 稳定同位素内标法定量。结果 23种PFASs目标物在0.5’100.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r2>0.980), 检出限为0.030~0.170 μg/kg, 定量限为0.100~0.567 μg/kg, 方法回收率为72.9%~111.0%, 相对标准偏差为3.0%~17.5% (n=9)。结论 该方法操作简便, 灵敏度高, 抗干扰性强, 精密度好, 适用于淡水鱼中23种全氟烷基羧酸、全氟烷基磺酸及多氟调聚磺酸的快速检测分析。

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法  /  全氟及多氟烷基化合物  /  淡水鱼  /  固相萃取

Objective To develope a method based on organic solvent extraction and solid phase extraction purification combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 23 kinds of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfuluorocarboxylic acids, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids, and fluorotelomer sulfonic acids, in freshwater fishes. Methods The chromatographic conditions and mass spectrometry parameters were optimized, and the effects of extraction solvent and solid phase extraction column fillers on sample recovery and purification were investigated. The optimal sample pretreatment and instrument conditions were determined. Freshwater fish samples were directly extracted with 2% formic acid and purified using a lipid removal PPR Pro column. With 5 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution and methanol as mobile phase, the target substances were separated by C18 chromatographic column. The mass spectrum was detected by electrospray ion source (ESI-), multi reaction monitoring (MRM) and stable isotope internal standard method. Results The 23 kinds of target PFASs had a good linear relationship within 0.5-100.0 ng/mL mass concentration range (r2>0.980), with the limits of detection was 0.030-0.146 μg/kg and the limits of quantification were 0.100-0.567 μg/kg. The spiked recoveries of serum sample were 72.9%-111.0%, with relative standard deviations of 3.0%-17.5% (n=9). Conclusion The method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, strong anti-interference and good precision, and is suitable for the rapid detection and analysis of 23 kinds of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid and polyfluorotelomeric sulfonic acid in freshwater fish.

ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances  /  freshwater fish  /  solid phase extraction
杨雪丽, 王猛, 杨亚磊, 罗文涛, 田家磊, 李方. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测淡水鱼中23种全氟及多氟烷基化合物. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (3) : 265 -275 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241212008
Xue-Li YANG, Meng WANG, Ya-Lei YANG, Wen-Tao LUO, Jia-Lei TIAN, Fang LI. Simultaneous determination of 23 kinds of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl subtances in freshwater fishes by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (3) : 265 -275 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241212008
全氟及多氟烷基化合物(perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFASs)是一类新型持久性有机污染物, 属于环境内分泌干扰物。PFASs广泛存在于地表水[1-2]、饮用水[3-4]、空气[5]、沉积物[6-7]、生物体和人体[8-9]等介质中, 具有环境持久性、远距离迁移性、生物蓄积性和生物毒性等特点[10]。传统全氟烷基酸(perfluoroalkyl acid, PFAAs)包括全氟烷基羧酸(perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, PFCAs)和全氟烷基磺酸(perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid, PFSAs), 其中全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, PFOS)使用范围最广。动物实验和人群研究表明, PFASs具有多器官毒性, 已知的不良影响包括遗传、生殖、神经发育毒性及内分泌干扰作用和致癌性[11-12]。2023年11月, 国际癌症研究机构对PFOA和PFOS的致癌性开展评估, 最终将PFOA及PFOS分别归类为1类和2B类致癌物[13]
随着传统PFASs生产和使用受到限制, 巨大的市场需求驱使生产厂家不断寻求新的替代品。中国“十三五”生态环境保护规划提出到2020年淘汰PFOS及其盐类和其他物质[14], “十四五”将PFASs作为新污染物的治理方案的重点管控目标[15]。近年来由于对PFOA和PFOS进行限制和控制, 短链PFASs被用作长链PFASs的替代品, 使得生物体内的短链PFASs含量呈上升趋势。这些替代品分为两类, 包括短链PFASs和含有官能团的全氟聚醚化合物, 其中多氟调聚磺酸(fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, FTSs), 商品名F-53B, 被广泛地用作PFAS的中间体, 近期的一些发现表明, FTSs作为新兴污染物已广泛存在于各种环境基质和生物体中[7]。虽然这些替代产品有更多种类的多氟链段和官能基团, 但仍具有稳定的C-F键, 与传统PFASs结构特征相似, 具有相似甚至更强的生物累积、放大和毒性作用[16]
由于C-F键是自然界中最强的化学键之一, 使得由其合成的产品对生物降解具有高度的抵抗力和生物持久性, 易在生物体内积累并通过食物链的作用放大[17]。早期研究表明, 人们接触PFASs的主要方式是通过食物、室内灰尘、饮用水和空气[18]。食物摄入被认为是人类接触PFASs的主要途径, 占一生中所有接触的60%以上[19]。鱼类、蔬菜、奶制品、饮料、鸡蛋、肉制品已被证明含有PFASs[6-7,20-21], 尤其是鱼类被认为是人类接触PFASs最重要的食物渠道[22-23]。随着居民对优质水产动物蛋白的需求, 水产品中PFASs类污染物的风险不容忽视。因此建立淡水鱼中PFASs的检测方法十分有必要。
食品中PFASs的检测一般采用气相色谱-串联质谱法或液相色谱-串联质谱法[24-25]。对于挥发性PFASs可采用气相色谱-串联质谱法检测, 但此法用于强极性的PFASs化合物分析时需衍生化, 前处理过程较为复杂, 而液相色谱串联质谱仪具有较高的准确度、灵敏度、选择性和重现性, 是目前分析PFASs常用的方法。BERGER等[26]比较了三重四极杆、飞行时间及离子肼质谱3种质谱检测痕量PFASs的效果, 结果发现3种质谱的灵敏度均较高, 飞行时间质谱的选择性较高, 但线性范围较窄; 离子肼质谱更适用于PFASs同分异构体的定性和结构分析; 而三重四极杆质谱具有线性范围宽、选择性高、重现性好的优点, 适合PFASs的日常检测。在样品前处方面, 鱼类样品基质中含有蛋白质、脂肪及无机盐类, 蛋白质与PFASs之间具有良好的亲和力, 因此如何实现目标物与基体杂质的有效分离是鱼类样品中PFASs检测的难点。现阶段鱼类样品中PFASs检测多采用溶剂萃取、离子对试剂提取、分散固相萃取与固相萃取柱净化相结合的方法, 其中溶剂萃取与固相萃取柱结合的方法因具有准确度高、净化效果好等优点得以广泛应用。刘逸飞等[27]用甲醇提取、弱阴离子交换柱(weak anion exchange, WAX)净化、UPLC-MS/MS检测动物源性食品中7种PFASs, 方法回收率为83.2%~106.8%, 检出限(limit of detection, LOD)为0.018~0.034 μg/kg; 谢刘伟等[28]选用离子对萃取、WAX柱净化, 高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测鸡蛋中12种PFASs, 结果显示生鸡蛋中12种PFASs在2 ng/L质量浓度水平的加标回收率为66%~129%, LOD为0.010~0.0952 μg/kg; 刘小琦等[29]以磁性纳米材料为净化吸附剂, 建立了鱼类产品中13种PFASs的UPLC-MS/MS分析方法, 该方法具有较高的精密度及灵敏度; 张娇娇等[30]建立了基于QuEChERS的净化方法, 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)检测动物源性食品中PFOS及PFOA, 该方法在2.0~55.0 ng/mL、0.1~2.5 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好, 加标回收率在85%~110%之间。现阶段关于淡水鱼中PFASs检测方法的研究主要集中在PFCAs或PFSAs, 且PFASs检测种类较少, 针对使用日益广泛的FTSs检测方法研究鲜有报道。鉴于此, 本研究以新疆淡水鱼中14种PFCAs、7种PFSAs和2种FTSs为目标, 采用2%甲酸/乙腈提取-固相萃取净化的样品前处理方法, 充分去除淡水鱼共提取物的干扰, 建立了同时测定23种PFASs的UPLC-MS/MS分析方法, 实现了淡水鱼中多种PFASs的快速精准检测, 可为保障鱼类产品质量安全提供技术支撑。
乙腈、甲醇(色谱纯, 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 甲酸(色谱纯)、甲酸铵(优级纯)(美国Sigma公司); 实验用水均为Milli-Q超纯水仪所制备的超纯水; 鱼肉粉中全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟辛酸质控品(上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司); 23种PFASs混合标准溶液(5.0 μg/mL, 美国Wellington公司); 13种PFASs同位素内标混合标准溶液(2.0 μg/mL, 上海安谱璀世标准品技术服务有限公司); 去磷脂PPR Pro小柱(600 mg/6 mL, 上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司); WAX小柱(500 mg/6 mL, 上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司); 亲水-疏水平衡柱(hydrophile-lipophile balance, HLB)(600 mg/6 mL, 上海靳澜仪器制造有限公司); 淡水鱼样品均为新疆市售产品。23种PFASs目标化合物及13种同位素内标的信息详见表1
UPLC/Xevo TQ超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪[配有电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization, ESI), 美国Waters公司]; ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱[2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm, 沃特世科技(上海)有限公司]; Shim-pack GISS Hp C18柱[2.1 mm× 150 mm, 3 μm, 岛津(上海)实验器材有限公司]; GX-271固相萃取仪(美国Supelco公司); Sartorius BSA423S电子分析天平(0.01 mg, 德国赛多利斯公司); D-37520高速冷冻离心机(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); MS200多孔涡旋混合器(杭州瑞诚仪器有限公司); OA-SYS氮吹仪(美国Organomation公司); Milli-Q超纯水仪(美国Millipore公司)。
准确移取23种PFASs混合标准溶液500 μL于5 mL容量瓶中, 用甲醇稀释至刻度, 配制质量浓度为500 ng/mL的混合标准工作液; 准确移取13种PFASs同位素内标混合标准溶液1.0 mL于10 mL容量瓶中, 用甲醇稀释至刻度, 配制质量浓度为200 ng/mL的同位素内标混合标准工作液。所有工作液在-18 ℃下避光保存。
用甲醇将23种PFASs混合标准工作液稀释, 并加入定量同位素内标混合标准工作液, 配制成质量浓度分别为0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0、50.0、100.0 ng/mL的系列标准溶液, 内标的质量浓度均为10 ng/mL。
(1)样品的提取
准确称取2.0 g(精确至0.001 g)试样置于50 mL具塞聚丙烯离心管中, 加入20 μL同位素内标工作液(200 ng/mL), 准确加入2.0 mL超纯水, 涡旋振荡3 min, 加入8 mL 2%甲酸-乙腈溶液, 涡旋振荡20 min, 超声10 min, 6000 r/min离心10 min, 取上清液10 mL待净化。
(2)样品的净化
吸取8 mL上清液, 过固相萃取柱, 弃去约1 mL流出液, 收集剩余流出液于10 mL离心管中, 加入1.0 g氯化钠混匀振荡分层, 6000 r/min离心10 min, 取上层乙腈层4.0 mL在40 ℃下氮气吹干, 加入0.2 mL甲醇复溶, 涡旋混匀1 min, 供UPLC-MS/MS测定。
(1)色谱条件
色谱柱: Shim-pack GISS Hp C18色谱柱( 2.1 mm× 150 mm, 3 μm); 流动相: A为甲醇, B为5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液; 柱温40 ℃, 进样体积5 μL, 流速0.3 mL/min; 梯度洗脱程序: 0~0.5 min, 20% A; 0.5~9.0 min, 20% A'95% A; 9.0~12.0 min, 95% A; 12.0~12.1 min, 95% A'20% A; 12.1~15.0 min, 20% A。
(2)质谱条件
ESI负离子(ESI-); 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式扫描; 喷雾电压2.5 kV; 脱溶剂温度: 550 ℃; 脱溶剂气流量: 800 L/h, 离子源温度150 ℃。具体参数见表2
采用Masslynx 4.1软件进行定量分析, 本研究数据处理及统计图表绘制采用Origin 2022软件及Microsoft Office Excel 2007软件。
为实现最佳的灵敏度和色谱分离效果, 经查阅相关文献后发现, PFASs是一类同时具有疏水性及亲水性的化合物, 宜采用较低羟基活性填料的C18反相柱分离此类化合物, 因此本研究同时考察了Shim-pack GISS Hp C18 (2.1 mm× 150 mm, 3 μm)、ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm× 100 mm, 1.7 μm)两种色谱柱对23种PFASs的分离性能。结果表明, 目标物在两种色谱柱上的响应值差别不大, 但使用BEH C18时由于填料粒径较小, 柱压较高, 导致PFPeS与DONA、PFHxS与PFNA、PFNS与PFDoA的色谱峰未能完全分离, 因此选用Shim-pack GISS Hp C18色谱柱。
本研究首先对比了甲醇、乙腈作为有机相, 纯水作为水相时的分离效果, 结果表明甲醇作为有机相时目标物的分离度较好。考虑到流动相的pH可以影响反向色谱分析中目标物的离子形态及与色谱柱的相互作用, 本研究拟通过在流动相中加入一定浓度的pH调节剂以改善目标物的离子化效率及色谱保留行为。甲酸铵与乙酸铵属于具有缓冲能力的盐类, 可增加离子化效率, 具有溶解度好、对色谱柱伤害小、背景噪音低等优点, 常用于PFASs的液相色谱-质谱法分析中, 但乙酸铵对不同链长PFASs的响应的均一性不如甲酸铵[31]。本研究考察了甲醇作为有机相时, 纯水与2、5、10 mmol/L甲酸铵分别作为水相时的色谱峰型及灵敏度。结果表明与纯水相比, 加入甲酸铵后目标物的峰型及响应强度明显改善, 当甲酸铵浓度为5 mmol/L时23种PFASs的峰型及响应强度最佳, 采用10 mmol/L甲酸铵时出现离子抑制作用, 部分目标物的响应强度低于5 mmol/L甲酸铵。因此, 经过优化后, 本研究采用Shim-pack GISS Hp C18色谱柱, 以甲醇和5 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液进行梯度洗脱(梯度洗脱条件见1.3.3), 23种目标物在10 min内可实现良好分离。23种目标化合物的色谱图见图1
PFASs属于酸性化合物, PFCAs与PFSAs分子结构中分别含有不易质子化的COO-与SO32-基团, 一般采用负离子模式扫描。分别配制质量浓度为100 ng/mL的23种PFASs目标物和13种同位素内标的单标溶液, 不经色谱柱直接进样。首先采用MS Scan模式, 在m/z 200’1000范围内扫描, 发现PFASs的[M-H]-分子离子峰较强, 大部分目标物以电离后丢失COO-上的氢原子为主, 在此基础上, 不断优化锥孔电压值, 使[M-H]-峰响应最强; 其次选择Daughter Scan模式, PFCAs类化合物的二级质谱扫描中, 易丢失m/z=44的准分子离子, 生成[M-H-CO2]-后C-C键断裂形成不同数量的[CxFy]-碎片离子; PFSAs类化合物的子离子碎片中[SO3]-的丰度较高, m/z=79.9, 此外还包含不同数量的C-C键断裂后的生成的全氟磺酸基碎片[CxFy-SO3]-。通过优化碰撞能量, 选择丰度最高与次高的碎片离子分别作为定量、定性离子, 但部分化合物碎片离子较少(PFBA、PFPeA), 只能找到一个子离子。最终优化后的23种目标化合物和13种内标物的监测离子对及碰撞能量见表2
淡水鱼中含有丰富的脂肪及蛋白质, 根据文献报道[29], 乙腈是一种有效的蛋白沉淀剂, 因此选择乙腈作为萃取溶剂。PFASs属于酸性化合物, 在酸性环境下可处于非解离状态, 有利于进入有机相, 因此本研究考察了含不同体积分数甲酸的乙腈溶液对提取效率的影响。本研究考察了乙腈、0.5%甲酸-乙腈溶液、1.0%甲酸-乙腈溶液、2.0%甲酸-乙腈溶液4种提取溶剂对淡水鱼中23种PFASs提取效率的影响。结果表明用2%甲酸-乙腈溶液提取的效率最好, 在5 μg/kg加标水平下, 目标物的平均回收率为81.5%~111.0%, 结果见图2。因此, 本研究选择2%甲酸-乙腈溶液为提取溶剂。
磷脂是广泛存在于动植物体内的一种含磷酸的复合脂质, 鱼类肌肉中含量最多的脂类为磷脂[32], 淡水鱼样品经有机溶剂提取后, 如净化过程不能有效去除磷脂等基质干扰物, 在电离过程中可导致目标物质谱信号的离子抑制, 从而降低分析物的灵敏度‌。本研究采用固相萃取法对提取溶液进行净化, 通过空白淡水鱼基质加标(5.0 μg/kg)后, 按1.3.2中的前处理方法处理和分析, 比较了不同填料固相萃取柱的净化效果, 包括HLB、WAX及去磷脂PPR Pro小柱。由图3可知, 采用HLB固相萃取柱时23种PFASs的回收率仅为4.9%’47.7%, 明显低于WAX及去磷脂PPR Pro小柱; 采用WAX小柱净化时, 除PFPeA、PFTeDA、PFBS与PFOS外, 其余19种PFASs的回收率均低于去磷脂PPR Pro小柱。因此, 本研究选择去磷脂PPR Pro小柱作为净化方法。
将质量浓度为0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0、50.0、100.0 ng/mL的标准溶液(内标含量均为10 ng/mL), 按照1.3.3中的仪器条件进行测定。以目标物的质量浓度之比为横坐标、与对应同位素内标的峰面积之比为纵坐标, 绘制标准曲线。23种PFASs在0.5’100.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数(r2)均大于0.980。选择空白淡水鱼样本, 加入100 μL质量浓度为1.00 ng/mL的23种PFASs混合标准溶液, 按照上述1.3.2中的样本前处理方法操作后, 上机测试, 计算平均信噪比(n=6), 以3倍信噪比(S/N=3)计算方法LOD, 10倍信噪比(S/N=10)计算定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ)。23种PFASs的LODs为0.030~0.170 μg/kg, LOQs为0.100~0.567 μg/kg, 具体结果见表3
取2.0 g空白淡水鱼样品, 选择1、5和10倍LOQ作为添加量, 加入适量23种PFASs的混合标准溶液, 使其浓度分别为0.5、2.5、5.0 μg/kg, 按1.3.2中的前处理方法处理和分析, 内标法定量, 每个水平平行测定9次, 计算方法的回收率和相对标准偏差, 以评价方法的准确度及精密度。结果表明23种PFASs目标分析物在淡水鱼中的添加回收率为72.9%~111.0%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)在3.0%~17.5%范围内, 结果见表4
采用所建立的方法检测质控品中PFOS、PFOA含量, 检测结果的|Z|均小于2, 结果均为满意, 详见图4。采集淡水鱼样本40份, 取适量有代表性的可食部分试样, 切成小块, 组织捣碎机捣碎后, 按照所建立的方法检测23种PFSAs的含量。结果显示, 实际样品中检出PFNA、PFDA、PFOS 3种目标物, 含量在0.204~1.540 μg/kg, PFOS检出率最高(35%), 图5为阳性淡水鱼样品中检出的3种PFASs的MRM色谱图。
本研究通过对提取溶剂、净化小柱、色谱-质谱条件的优化, 并进行方法学验证, 建立了UPLC-MS/MS同时检测淡水鱼中23种PFASs的测定方法。方法前处理简单, 提取效率高, 通过去磷脂PPR Pro小柱净化, 可有效去除基质对分析的干扰, 并用所建立的方法对淡水鱼样品进行分析。该方法灵敏度、准确度及精密度等方法学指标较好, 抗干扰能力强, 适用于淡水鱼中痕量PFASs的分析, 为进一步开展鱼类产品中PFASs污染物水平监测、评估PFASs的健康风险提供高效的检测手段。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划项目(TSYC202301B168)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241212008
  • 接收时间:2024-12-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-12
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新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划项目(TSYC202301B168)
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    新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心, 乌鲁木齐 830001

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* 李方(1981—), 女, 硕士, 主任医师, 主要研究方向为食品安全风险评估。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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