Article(id=1153986587969967008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240820002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724083200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061442606, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061442606, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061442606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061442606, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986579971429187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061440699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758783495950, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177986619249406427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177986619249406428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=243, endPage=253, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986588934656944, articleId=1153986587969967008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Effects of brewing conditions on the antioxidant activities and bioactive components of Taraxacum mongolicum tea, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effects of different brewing conditions on the antioxidant activities and effective components of Taraxacum mongolicum tea soup. Methods The method used a controlled univariate design to study the extraction content of total flavonoids, total polyphenols, total polysaccharides, and total amino acids in dandelion tea under different brewing times, temperatures, tea water ratios, and water quality conditions by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activities of dandelion tea soup were explored using 2,2-diazine-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) cationic radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and nitroso scavenging rate, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) as indicators. The relationships between its antioxidant activities and the content of total flavonoids, total polyphenols, total polysaccharides, and total amino acids in the dandelion tea soup were analyzed. Results When the brewing time was 5 min, the nitroso scavenging activity was the best, expressed as the equivalent concentration of vitamin C (VC) per gram of sample was 0.3938 mg VC/g, which was significantly correlated with the contents of total polyphenols, theanines, and glutamic acids, with correlation coefficients of 0.597, 0.598 and 0.616, respectively; When the brewing temperature was 94 ℃, the iron ion reduction capacity was the strongest, at 0.1784 mg VC/g, significantly correlated with the total polysaccharide content, with a correlation coefficient of 0.529; when the tea water ratio was 1:50 (g:mL), the DPPH radical scavenging activity was the strongest, at 0.2571 mg VC/g, significantly correlated with the contents of total theanines and glutamic acids, with correlation coefficients of 0.483 and 0.497, respectively; when the brewing water was tap water, the ABTS cationic radical scavenging activity was the strongest, at 0.2072 mg VC/g, significantly correlated with the total flavonoids and total polyphenols content, with correlation coefficients of 0.417 and 0.787, respectively. In summary, different brewing conditions affected the antioxidant activities and effective components of dandelion. The antioxidant activities of Taraxacum mongolicum tea were the results of the combined effects of various active compounds, including flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides and amino acids. Conclusion To ensure the optimal antioxidant effects of Taraxacum mongolicum tea, when primarily considering antioxidant activities, it is recommended that the best brewing conditions are: A brewing time of 5 min, a brewing temperature of 94 ℃, a tea-to-water ratio of 1:50 (g:mL), and using tap water for brewing.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Cui ZHUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-Yang CHENG, Qi-Lin WAN, Dong-Bao HU, Wei-Bing SHI, Hai-Li DONG, Jian-Wei LIU, Tong WANG, Xiao-Cui ZHUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986615467823646, articleId=1153986587969967008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=冲泡条件对蒲公英茶抗氧化活性及有效成分的影响, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究不同冲泡条件对蒲公英茶茶汤的抗氧化活性及有效成分的影响。方法 采用控制单一变量法设计并通过紫外-可见分光光度法测定不同冲泡时间、温度、茶水比及水质条件下蒲公英茶的总黄酮、总多酚、总多糖和总氨基酸的浸出含量, 并以2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2-diazine-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt, ABTS]阳离子自由基、1,1-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基和亚硝基清除率及铁离子还原抗氧化能力(ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, FRAP)为指标探究蒲公英茶茶汤的抗氧化活性, 分析其抗氧化能力与茶汤中总黄酮、总多酚、总多糖和总氨基酸含量之间的关系。结果 当冲泡时间为5 min时, 亚硝基清除活性最高, 以每克样品中的维生素C (vitamin C, VC)当量浓度表示, 为0.3938 mg VC/g, 与总多酚、茶氨酸、谷氨酸含量显著相关, 相关系数分别为0.597、0.598和0.616; 当冲泡温度是94 ℃时, FRAP最强, 为0.1784 mg VC/g, 与总多糖含量显著相关, 相关系数为0.529; 当茶水比为1:50 (g:mL)时, DPPH自由基清除活性最强, 为0.2571 mg VC/g, 与茶氨酸、谷氨酸含量显著相关, 相关系数分别为0.483和0.497; 当冲泡水质为自来水时, ABTS阳离子自由基清除活性最强, 为0.2072 mg VC/g, 与总黄酮、总多酚含量显著相关, 相关系数分别为0.417和0.787。综上所述, 不同冲泡条件对蒲公英茶的抗氧化活性和有效成分均具有影响, 蒲公英茶茶汤的抗氧化活性是黄酮、多酚、多糖和氨基酸等多种有效成分综合作用的结果。结论 为保证蒲公英茶的最佳抗氧化效果, 当主要考虑抗氧化活性时, 建议最佳冲泡条件为: 冲泡时间5 min, 冲泡温度94 ℃, 茶水比1:50 (g:mL), 冲泡水质为自来水。

, correspAuthors=庄小翠, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 庄小翠(1991—), 女, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为植物化学生物学、天然产物化学。E-mail:
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程筱阳(2003—), 女, 主要研究方向为植物化学生物学、天然产物化学。E-mail:

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3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1178002208428802947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, authorId=1178002208248447869, language=CN, stringName=董海丽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1.玉溪师范学院化学生物与环境学院, 玉溪 653100
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注: 不同字母表示组间具有显著性差异, P<0.05, 下同。

, figureFileSmall=oB/BpeDos1+ldbIAqbENdg==, figureFileBig=phvZGulA6sB928ZA9nAGPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178002210119107502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Equivalent concentration of VC obtained by 4 kinds of different determination methods at different brewing temperatures, figureFileSmall=vfbB2FZx8qa/2ygaACkwcQ==, figureFileBig=Pjyf2n8oEz+4M0rUyiJgSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178002210186216368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=CN, label=图2, caption=4种不同测定方法在不同冲泡温度下所得的VC的当量浓度, figureFileSmall=vfbB2FZx8qa/2ygaACkwcQ==, figureFileBig=Pjyf2n8oEz+4M0rUyiJgSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178002210257519538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Equivalent concentrations of VC obtained by 4 kinds of different measurement methods at different infusion volumes, figureFileSmall=86WxvOk9WKLw1u3UIlghMg==, figureFileBig=0zvCkg1nmvarR/KHeOcXQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178002210324628404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=CN, label=图3, caption=4种不同测定方法在不同冲泡体积下所得的VC的当量浓度, figureFileSmall=86WxvOk9WKLw1u3UIlghMg==, figureFileBig=0zvCkg1nmvarR/KHeOcXQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178002210383348662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Equivalent concentrations of VC obtained by 4 kinds of different measurement methods under different brewing water qualities, figureFileSmall=dLCbdbWtZ1zut1Gc1nWBKQ==, figureFileBig=a1cUmE8ulpC6FOTUA0P3Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178002210458846136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=CN, label=图4, caption=4种不同测定方法在不同冲泡水质下所得的VC的当量浓度, figureFileSmall=dLCbdbWtZ1zut1Gc1nWBKQ==, figureFileBig=a1cUmE8ulpC6FOTUA0P3Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178002210538537914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Content of 5 kinds of effective components under different brewing times

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冲泡时间/min 总黄酮/(mg RT/g) 总多酚/(mg GA/g) 总多糖/(mg GLC/g) 茶氨酸/(µg THE/g) 谷氨酸/(µg GLU/g)
5 0.7912±0.0130a 0.3154±0.0021a 22.1333±0.2776b 0.8590±0.0011c 0.6877±0.0009c
10 0.7332±0.0130d 0.3091±0.0008a 24.5956±0.1018a 0.8683±0.0035b 0.6950±0.0028b
15 0.7292±0.0116d 0.3008±0.0025b 14.2622±1.0839d 0.8543±0.0006d 0.6840±0.0004d
20 0.7828±0.0153ab 0.3014±0.0030b 15.5036±1.6176d 0.8041±0.0006e 0.6446±0.0004e
25 0.7602±0.0145bc 0.2980±0.0038b 15.3320±0.2695d 0.9303±0.0000a 0.7436±0.0000a
30 0.7507±0.0142cd 0.2983±0.0066b 18.3289±1.6631c 0.8660±0.0006b 0.6932±0.0004b
), ArticleFig(id=1178002210609841084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同冲泡时间下的5种有效成分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冲泡时间/min 总黄酮/(mg RT/g) 总多酚/(mg GA/g) 总多糖/(mg GLC/g) 茶氨酸/(µg THE/g) 谷氨酸/(µg GLU/g)
5 0.7912±0.0130a 0.3154±0.0021a 22.1333±0.2776b 0.8590±0.0011c 0.6877±0.0009c
10 0.7332±0.0130d 0.3091±0.0008a 24.5956±0.1018a 0.8683±0.0035b 0.6950±0.0028b
15 0.7292±0.0116d 0.3008±0.0025b 14.2622±1.0839d 0.8543±0.0006d 0.6840±0.0004d
20 0.7828±0.0153ab 0.3014±0.0030b 15.5036±1.6176d 0.8041±0.0006e 0.6446±0.0004e
25 0.7602±0.0145bc 0.2980±0.0038b 15.3320±0.2695d 0.9303±0.0000a 0.7436±0.0000a
30 0.7507±0.0142cd 0.2983±0.0066b 18.3289±1.6631c 0.8660±0.0006b 0.6932±0.0004b
), ArticleFig(id=1178002210723087294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Content of 5 kinds of effective components under different brewing temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冲泡温度/℃ 总黄酮/(mg RT/g) 总多酚/(mg GA/g) 总多糖/(mg GLC/g) 茶氨酸/(µg THE/g) 谷氨酸/(µg GLU/g)
94 0.9765±0.0093a 0.3128±0.0038a 19.6178±0.6939a 0.6869±0.0000f 0.5527±0.0000f
84 0.8462±0.0236cd 0.3009±0.0007b 17.5067±0.1333b 0.8311±0.0000a 0.6658±0.0000a
74 0.9189±0.0047b 0.2977±0.0018bc 12.5981±0.3289cd 0.7489±0.0000e 0.6013±0.0000e
64 0.8661±0.0308c 0.2956±0.0028c 13.7039±1.5674c 0.8178±0.0006b 0.6554±0.0004b
54 0.8205±0.0213d 0.2971±0.0014bc 12.1499±0.2341d 0.7924±0.0011c 0.6355±0.0009c
44 0.8716±0.0186c 0.2971±0.0010bc 16.1717±0.9261b 0.7731±0.0010d 0.0620±0.0008d
), ArticleFig(id=1178002210819556288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同冲泡温度下的5种有效成分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冲泡温度/℃ 总黄酮/(mg RT/g) 总多酚/(mg GA/g) 总多糖/(mg GLC/g) 茶氨酸/(µg THE/g) 谷氨酸/(µg GLU/g)
94 0.9765±0.0093a 0.3128±0.0038a 19.6178±0.6939a 0.6869±0.0000f 0.5527±0.0000f
84 0.8462±0.0236cd 0.3009±0.0007b 17.5067±0.1333b 0.8311±0.0000a 0.6658±0.0000a
74 0.9189±0.0047b 0.2977±0.0018bc 12.5981±0.3289cd 0.7489±0.0000e 0.6013±0.0000e
64 0.8661±0.0308c 0.2956±0.0028c 13.7039±1.5674c 0.8178±0.0006b 0.6554±0.0004b
54 0.8205±0.0213d 0.2971±0.0014bc 12.1499±0.2341d 0.7924±0.0011c 0.6355±0.0009c
44 0.8716±0.0186c 0.2971±0.0010bc 16.1717±0.9261b 0.7731±0.0010d 0.0620±0.0008d
), ArticleFig(id=1178002210907636674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Content of 5 kinds of effective components under different tea-to-water ratios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茶水比(g:mL) 总黄酮/(mg RT/g) 总多酚/(mg GA/g) 总多糖/(mg GLC/g) 茶氨酸/(µg THE/g) 谷氨酸/(µg GLU/g)
1:50 0.5328±0.0182c 0.2359±0.0013d 17.3476±0.5177c 0.8512±0.0015d 0.6815±0.0012b
1:45 0.7555±0.0084a 0.3039±0.0002a 27.8188±0.4687a 0.8607±0.0013a 0.6876±0.0011a
1:40 0.7316±0.0194ab 0.2699±0.0002b 27.4426±0.9480a 0.8219±0.0009c 0.6558±0.0007c
1:35 0.7258±0.0059b 0.2533±0.0014c 16.3441±1.0947c 0.8061±0.0000d 0.6420±0.0000d
1:30 0.7367±0.0105ab 0.2188±0.0007e 17.8507±0.7614c 0.7290±0.0003e 0.5802±0.0003e
1:25 0.7490±0.0073ab 0.1870±0.0005f 23.8311±1.2668b 0.7149±0.0003f 0.5677±0.0002f
), ArticleFig(id=1178002210995717060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同茶水比下的5种有效成分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茶水比(g:mL) 总黄酮/(mg RT/g) 总多酚/(mg GA/g) 总多糖/(mg GLC/g) 茶氨酸/(µg THE/g) 谷氨酸/(µg GLU/g)
1:50 0.5328±0.0182c 0.2359±0.0013d 17.3476±0.5177c 0.8512±0.0015d 0.6815±0.0012b
1:45 0.7555±0.0084a 0.3039±0.0002a 27.8188±0.4687a 0.8607±0.0013a 0.6876±0.0011a
1:40 0.7316±0.0194ab 0.2699±0.0002b 27.4426±0.9480a 0.8219±0.0009c 0.6558±0.0007c
1:35 0.7258±0.0059b 0.2533±0.0014c 16.3441±1.0947c 0.8061±0.0000d 0.6420±0.0000d
1:30 0.7367±0.0105ab 0.2188±0.0007e 17.8507±0.7614c 0.7290±0.0003e 0.5802±0.0003e
1:25 0.7490±0.0073ab 0.1870±0.0005f 23.8311±1.2668b 0.7149±0.0003f 0.5677±0.0002f
), ArticleFig(id=1178002211058631622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Content of 5 kinds of effective components under different brewing water qualities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水质 总黄酮/(mg RT/g) 总多酚/(mg GA/g) 总多糖/(mg GLC/g) 茶氨酸/(µg THE/g) 谷氨酸/(µg GLU/g)
超纯水 0.9227±0.0343b 0.3221±0.0022b 16.4178±0.5591c 0.8284±0.0006d 0.6637±0.0004d
蒸馏水 0.9199±0.0259b 0.3215±0.0029bc 18.6159±0.1388a 0.8588±0.0006b 0.6875±0.0004b
自来水 0.9860±0.0107a 0.3183±0.0010c 13.3747±0.4808e 0.8540±0.0006c 0.6838±0.0004c
矿泉水 0.9403±0.0222b 0.3098±0.0011e 17.3084±0.1764b 0.8226±0.0006e 0.6592±0.0004e
纯净水 0.7937±0.0199c 0.3138±0.0014d 15.5067±0.3055d 0.8843±0.0006a 0.7076±0.0004a
苏打水 0.8555±0.0203c 0.3269±0.0016a 16.3289±0.6194c 0.8213±0.0010f 0.6581±0.0008f
), ArticleFig(id=1178002211146712008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同冲泡水质下的5种有效成分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水质 总黄酮/(mg RT/g) 总多酚/(mg GA/g) 总多糖/(mg GLC/g) 茶氨酸/(µg THE/g) 谷氨酸/(µg GLU/g)
超纯水 0.9227±0.0343b 0.3221±0.0022b 16.4178±0.5591c 0.8284±0.0006d 0.6637±0.0004d
蒸馏水 0.9199±0.0259b 0.3215±0.0029bc 18.6159±0.1388a 0.8588±0.0006b 0.6875±0.0004b
自来水 0.9860±0.0107a 0.3183±0.0010c 13.3747±0.4808e 0.8540±0.0006c 0.6838±0.0004c
矿泉水 0.9403±0.0222b 0.3098±0.0011e 17.3084±0.1764b 0.8226±0.0006e 0.6592±0.0004e
纯净水 0.7937±0.0199c 0.3138±0.0014d 15.5067±0.3055d 0.8843±0.0006a 0.7076±0.0004a
苏打水 0.8555±0.0203c 0.3269±0.0016a 16.3289±0.6194c 0.8213±0.0010f 0.6581±0.0008f
), ArticleFig(id=1178002211230598090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Correlations between antioxidant activities and bioactive components of dandelion tea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 总黄酮 总多酚 总多糖 茶氨酸 谷氨酸 ABTS+自由基 DPPH自由基 亚硝基
总多酚 0.584**
总多糖 -0.311 -0.227
茶氨酸 -0.251 0.440* 0.009
谷氨酸 -0.233 0.467* -0.007 0.999**
ABTS+自由基 0.417* 0.787** -0.407* 0.332 0.364
DPPH自由基 -0.074 0.345 -0.159 0.483* 0.497* 0.450*
亚硝基 0.030 0.597** -0.047 0.598** 0.616** 0.626** 0.587**
FRAP 0.281 0.18 0.529** -0.099 -0.105 -0.293 -0.030 -0.154
), ArticleFig(id=1178002211289318348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587969967008, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

抗氧化活性与蒲公英茶有效成分之间的相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 总黄酮 总多酚 总多糖 茶氨酸 谷氨酸 ABTS+自由基 DPPH自由基 亚硝基
总多酚 0.584**
总多糖 -0.311 -0.227
茶氨酸 -0.251 0.440* 0.009
谷氨酸 -0.233 0.467* -0.007 0.999**
ABTS+自由基 0.417* 0.787** -0.407* 0.332 0.364
DPPH自由基 -0.074 0.345 -0.159 0.483* 0.497* 0.450*
亚硝基 0.030 0.597** -0.047 0.598** 0.616** 0.626** 0.587**
FRAP 0.281 0.18 0.529** -0.099 -0.105 -0.293 -0.030 -0.154
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冲泡条件对蒲公英茶抗氧化活性及有效成分的影响
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程筱阳 1 , 万琪林 1 , 胡栋宝 1 , 施伟兵 2 , 董海丽 1, 3 , 刘建伟 1 , 王彤 1 , 庄小翠 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(4): 243-253
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(4): 243-253
冲泡条件对蒲公英茶抗氧化活性及有效成分的影响
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程筱阳1 , 万琪林1, 胡栋宝1, 施伟兵2, 董海丽1, 3, 刘建伟1, 王彤1, 庄小翠1, *
作者信息
  • 1.玉溪师范学院化学生物与环境学院, 玉溪 653100
  • 2.玉溪市食品药品检验所, 玉溪 653100
  • 3.扬州大学化学化工学院, 扬州 225009
  • 程筱阳(2003—), 女, 主要研究方向为植物化学生物学、天然产物化学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 庄小翠(1991—), 女, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为植物化学生物学、天然产物化学。E-mail:
Effects of brewing conditions on the antioxidant activities and bioactive components of Taraxacum mongolicum tea
Xiao-Yang CHENG1 , Qi-Lin WAN1, Dong-Bao HU1, Wei-Bing SHI2, Hai-Li DONG1, 3, Jian-Wei LIU1, Tong WANG1, Xiao-Cui ZHUANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Chemistry, Biology, and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi 653100, China
  • 2. Yuxi Food and Drug Inspection Institute, Yuxi 653100, China
  • 3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240820002
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目的 探究不同冲泡条件对蒲公英茶茶汤的抗氧化活性及有效成分的影响。方法 采用控制单一变量法设计并通过紫外-可见分光光度法测定不同冲泡时间、温度、茶水比及水质条件下蒲公英茶的总黄酮、总多酚、总多糖和总氨基酸的浸出含量, 并以2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2-diazine-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt, ABTS]阳离子自由基、1,1-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基和亚硝基清除率及铁离子还原抗氧化能力(ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, FRAP)为指标探究蒲公英茶茶汤的抗氧化活性, 分析其抗氧化能力与茶汤中总黄酮、总多酚、总多糖和总氨基酸含量之间的关系。结果 当冲泡时间为5 min时, 亚硝基清除活性最高, 以每克样品中的维生素C (vitamin C, VC)当量浓度表示, 为0.3938 mg VC/g, 与总多酚、茶氨酸、谷氨酸含量显著相关, 相关系数分别为0.597、0.598和0.616; 当冲泡温度是94 ℃时, FRAP最强, 为0.1784 mg VC/g, 与总多糖含量显著相关, 相关系数为0.529; 当茶水比为1:50 (g:mL)时, DPPH自由基清除活性最强, 为0.2571 mg VC/g, 与茶氨酸、谷氨酸含量显著相关, 相关系数分别为0.483和0.497; 当冲泡水质为自来水时, ABTS阳离子自由基清除活性最强, 为0.2072 mg VC/g, 与总黄酮、总多酚含量显著相关, 相关系数分别为0.417和0.787。综上所述, 不同冲泡条件对蒲公英茶的抗氧化活性和有效成分均具有影响, 蒲公英茶茶汤的抗氧化活性是黄酮、多酚、多糖和氨基酸等多种有效成分综合作用的结果。结论 为保证蒲公英茶的最佳抗氧化效果, 当主要考虑抗氧化活性时, 建议最佳冲泡条件为: 冲泡时间5 min, 冲泡温度94 ℃, 茶水比1:50 (g:mL), 冲泡水质为自来水。

蒲公英茶  /  冲泡条件  /  抗氧化活性  /  有效成分

Objective To investigate the effects of different brewing conditions on the antioxidant activities and effective components of Taraxacum mongolicum tea soup. Methods The method used a controlled univariate design to study the extraction content of total flavonoids, total polyphenols, total polysaccharides, and total amino acids in dandelion tea under different brewing times, temperatures, tea water ratios, and water quality conditions by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activities of dandelion tea soup were explored using 2,2-diazine-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) cationic radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and nitroso scavenging rate, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) as indicators. The relationships between its antioxidant activities and the content of total flavonoids, total polyphenols, total polysaccharides, and total amino acids in the dandelion tea soup were analyzed. Results When the brewing time was 5 min, the nitroso scavenging activity was the best, expressed as the equivalent concentration of vitamin C (VC) per gram of sample was 0.3938 mg VC/g, which was significantly correlated with the contents of total polyphenols, theanines, and glutamic acids, with correlation coefficients of 0.597, 0.598 and 0.616, respectively; When the brewing temperature was 94 ℃, the iron ion reduction capacity was the strongest, at 0.1784 mg VC/g, significantly correlated with the total polysaccharide content, with a correlation coefficient of 0.529; when the tea water ratio was 1:50 (g:mL), the DPPH radical scavenging activity was the strongest, at 0.2571 mg VC/g, significantly correlated with the contents of total theanines and glutamic acids, with correlation coefficients of 0.483 and 0.497, respectively; when the brewing water was tap water, the ABTS cationic radical scavenging activity was the strongest, at 0.2072 mg VC/g, significantly correlated with the total flavonoids and total polyphenols content, with correlation coefficients of 0.417 and 0.787, respectively. In summary, different brewing conditions affected the antioxidant activities and effective components of dandelion. The antioxidant activities of Taraxacum mongolicum tea were the results of the combined effects of various active compounds, including flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides and amino acids. Conclusion To ensure the optimal antioxidant effects of Taraxacum mongolicum tea, when primarily considering antioxidant activities, it is recommended that the best brewing conditions are: A brewing time of 5 min, a brewing temperature of 94 ℃, a tea-to-water ratio of 1:50 (g:mL), and using tap water for brewing.

Taraxacum mongolicum tea  /  brewing conditions  /  antioxidant activities  /  effective components
程筱阳, 万琪林, 胡栋宝, 施伟兵, 董海丽, 刘建伟, 王彤, 庄小翠. 冲泡条件对蒲公英茶抗氧化活性及有效成分的影响. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (4) : 243 -253 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240820002
Xiao-Yang CHENG, Qi-Lin WAN, Dong-Bao HU, Wei-Bing SHI, Hai-Li DONG, Jian-Wei LIU, Tong WANG, Xiao-Cui ZHUANG. Effects of brewing conditions on the antioxidant activities and bioactive components of Taraxacum mongolicum tea[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (4) : 243 -253 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240820002
蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.), 是多年生草本植物, 来源于菊科蒲公英属, 别名婆婆丁、黄花地丁等, 是传统的药食两用植物[1], 在我国分布极为广泛[2]。《本草纲目》中记载, 蒲公英味苦、甘, 性寒, 具有消肿散结、清热解毒[3]、利尿通淋的功效[4], 临床上主要用于治疗咽痛、疔疮肿毒、湿热黄疸和热淋涩痛等症状[5]。据文献报道, 蒲公英的化学成分主要包括黄酮、多酚、多糖、氨基酸、萜类化合物和生物碱等[6-7]。现代研究表明, 蒲公英提取物或化学成分, 具有提高免疫力、抗菌、抗肿瘤、保肝利胆、抑制胃酸分泌、抗胃溃疡、降糖、抗血栓、改善微循环、降血脂等作用[8-15]。马艳妮等[16]研究发现, 蒲公英多糖可显著降低实验小鼠体内的丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量, 提高超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px)酶的活性, 抗氧化效果显著。JEDREJEK等[17]研究发现蒲公英酚类化合物对人血浆中过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H2O2)和过氧化氢/铁(hydrogen peroxide/iron, H2O2/Fe)诱导的血浆脂质过氧化、人类蛋白质羰基化和人类血浆蛋白中巯基氧化有抑制作用, 抗氧化效果较好。WANG等[18]运用密度泛函理论(density functional theory, DFT)从分子水平对蒲公英黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性进行研究, 发现蒲公英黄酮的抗氧化能力与酚羟基上氢原子所带正电荷数目以及分子自由基的稳定程度成正比。综上所述, 蒲公英的多糖、黄酮、酚酸类等物质都具有一定的抗氧化能力, 这与蒲公英茶的抗氧化保健功能息息相关。截止目前, 冲泡条件对蒲公英茶的抗氧化活性及其有效成分的影响研究尚不足。据文献报道, 绿茶的抗氧化活性、总酚含量、总黄酮含量和主要成分如没食子酸、咖啡因、儿茶素和黄酮醇等随冲泡温度和浸泡时间的不同而变化[19-20]。抗氧化作用是植物化学成分主要的生物活性之一[21], 茶叶通过冲泡可将茶叶中所含的色素、茶多酚等有效成分溶解于茶汤中, 人体饮用后可起到抗氧化作用。不同冲泡条件对茶多酚的提取及茶汤的抗氧化活性有重要的影响, 如水质、茶水比、冲泡时间、冲泡次数、冲泡温度等。泡茶方式的研究对茶叶的科学泡饮、茶叶风味化学基础研究等方面均有重要的参考价值[22-23]。因此, 通过研究不同的冲泡条件, 可以优化其有效成分的提取方法, 使蒲公英茶发挥最大的抗氧化活性, 充分发挥其保健养生优势, 值得进一步探索。
本研究旨在以紫外-可见吸光光度法为基础, 在不同冲泡条件下测定蒲公英茶中总黄酮、总多酚、可溶性总多糖、总氨基酸总量。并采用2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2-diazine-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, ABTS]阳离子自由基、1,1-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基和亚硝基清除率及铁离子还原抗氧化能力(ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, FRAP) 4种方法评价蒲公英茶茶汤的抗氧化活性。本研究可为不同冲泡条件下蒲公英茶的抗氧化活性及有效成分研究提供理论依据, 为蒲公英茶的科学冲泡提供理论指导。
本研究所用蒲公英茶全草样品于2022年6月采收于云南省玉溪市红塔区, 样品采收后, 洗净, 自然风干至恒重, 备用。经作者鉴定为Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz., 凭证标本(TM202206)现保存于玉溪师范学院实训大楼B1114实验室。
乙醇、磷酸氢二钠、亚硝酸钠、氢氧化钠、葡萄糖(glucose, GLC)、醋酸钠、过硫酸钾、磷酸二氢钾、碳酸钠、三氯化铝、苯酚(分析纯, 天津市风船化学试剂科技有限公司); 甲醇(分析纯, 广东光华科技股份有限公司); 茶氨酸(theanine, The)、谷氨酸(glutamic acid, Glu)、没食子酸(glutamic acid, GA)(纯度为99%, 上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 芦丁(rutin, RT)(分析纯, 四川百奥克睿生物科技有限公司); 水合茚三酮(纯度不低于98%, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 2,4,6-三吡啶基三嗪[2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)- 1,3,5-triazine, TPTZ]、ABTS(分析纯, 上海易恩化学技术有限公司); 维生素C (vitamin C, VC)(分析纯, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 七水合硫酸亚铁、二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO)(分析纯, 上海玻尔化学试剂有限公司); DPPH(分析纯, 东京化成工业株式会社); 六水合三氯化铁、浓硫酸(分析纯, 四川西陇科学有限公司); 无水对氨基苯磺酸(分析纯, 天津市光复精细化工研究所); 盐酸萘乙二胺(分析纯, 天津市瑞金特化学品有限公司); 福林酚(分析纯, 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司); 氯化亚锡(分析纯, 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司); 矿泉水、纯净水(570 mL、360 mL, 深圳市景田食品饮料有限公司); 苏打水(350 mL, 云南淡定人生食品有限公司)。
JJ224BC型电子天平(精度0.0001 g, 常熟市双杰测试仪器厂); 721型紫外可见分光光度计(上海菁华科技仪器有限公司); OSB-2100型智能数显恒温水油浴锅(上海爱朗仪器有限公司); SHA-BA型水浴恒温振荡器(常州金南仪器制造有限公司); SHB-Ⅲ型循环水式多用真空泵(郑州长城科工贸有限公司)。
取蒲公英茶样品, 用多功能粉碎机粉碎, 过60目筛, 备用。留取适量样品, 密封装袋并贴好标签备用。
分别精密称取蒲公英茶粉末1.0000 g装入6个具塞试管中, 分别迅速倒入50 mL温度为94 ℃的蒸馏水, 加塞。在25 ℃室温下, 分别浸泡5、10、15、20、25和30 min, 开盖。减压抽滤, 得茶汤, 待其冷却至25 ℃, 于冰箱内4 ℃下保存, 备用。
分别精密称取蒲公英茶粉末1.0000 g装入6个具塞试管中, 分别迅速向每个瓶中倒入50 mL的蒸馏水, 蒸馏水温度分别为94、84、74、64、54、44 ℃, 并立即加塞。25 ℃浸泡5 min后, 开盖。减压抽滤, 得茶汤, 冷却至25 ℃, 于冰箱内4 ℃下保存, 备用。
分别精密称取蒲公英茶粉末1.0000 g装入6个具塞试管中, 分别迅速倒入50(茶水比1:50, g:mL, 下同)、45、40、35、30、25 mL温度为94 ℃的蒸馏水, 加塞。25 ℃下, 静置5 min, 开盖。减压抽滤, 得茶汤, 冷却至25 ℃, 于冰箱内4 ℃下保存, 备用。
分别称取蒲公英茶粉末1.0000 g装入6个具塞试管中, 分别迅速向瓶中倒入50 mL温度为94 ℃的超纯水、蒸馏水、自来水、矿泉水、纯净水和苏打水, 加塞。25 ℃下, 静置5 min后, 开盖。减压抽滤, 得茶汤, 冷却至25 ℃, 于冰箱内4 ℃下保存, 备用。
参考ZOU等[24]的实验方案进行适当修改。
配制质量浓度为0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4和0.5 mg/mL的芦丁标准品待测液, 备用。以质量浓度为横坐标(X, mg/mL), 吸光度为纵坐标(Y), 所得的标准曲线方程为Y=0.0124X+0.0175, r2=0.9961。如果样品吸光度超过终质量浓度为0.5 mg/mL的芦丁吸光度值, 则将样品进行稀释处理, 然后重测测定其吸光度。
实验方案参考DENG等[25]的方法, 进行适当修改。
配制0.25 mol/L福林酚试剂, 于4 ℃条件下保存, 备用。配制质量浓度为0、10、20、30、40、50、60和70 μg/mL的没食子酸储备液, 于4 ℃条件下保存, 备用。
所得的标准曲线方程为Y=0.1243X+0.041; r2=0.9967。
如果样品的吸光度值高于终质量浓度为7 μg/mL没食子酸的吸光度值时, 则对样品进行稀释处理, 并再次进行测定。
精密量取标准葡萄糖溶液0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mL, 加水至2 mL, 加入5%苯酚溶液1 mL, 摇匀, 迅速加入浓硫酸5 mL, 置60 ℃水浴中加热10 min。取出, 冷却5 min。参考2020版《中国药典》(四部)通则0401的紫外-可见分光光度法[26], 在490 nm的波长处测定吸光度。所得标准曲线方程为Y=0.0375X+0.0254; r2=0.9919。
准确移取2 mL稀释50倍的蒲公英试样, 按标准曲线测定流程进行实验, 将测得吸光度带入标准曲线方程计算出待测液中多糖的质量浓度。按公式(1)计算蒲公英多糖的得率:
多糖得率/%=质量浓度(μg/mL)×稀释倍数×体积(mL)/蒲公英干重(g)×106×100%
实验方案参考GB/T 8314—2013《茶游离氨基酸总量的测定》。
配制5 mL系列标准工作液。所得茶氨酸的标准曲线方程为Y=51.001X-0.0367; r2=0.9906; 所得谷氨酸的标准曲线方程为Y=65.021X-0.0548; r2=0.9916。
实验方案参考WANG等[27]的方法并作适当修改。
用乙醇稀释ABTS溶液在λ=734 nm处测定, 吸光度为0.700±0.005。所得标准曲线方程为Y=0.249X-0.0557; r2=0.9957。
由VC的标准曲线方程计算出样品的清除ABTS+自由基活性, 并表示为每克样品中的VC当量浓度(mg VC/g)。清除ABTS+自由基的能力根据公式(2)计算为百分比:
ABTS+自由基清除率/%=[(AABTS-ASample)/AABTS]×100%
式中, AABTS为空白对照的吸光度, ASample为样品的吸光度。
实验方案参考XIE等[28]的方法并作适当修改。
所得标准曲线方程Y=0.1498X-0.0026; r2=0.9970。
由VC的标准曲线方程计算出样品的DPPH自由基清除活性, 并表示为每克样品的VC当量的浓度(mg VC/g)。清除DPPH自由基的能力根据公式(3)计算为百分比:
DPPH自由基清除率/%=[(ADPPH-ASample)/ADPPH]×100%
式中, ADPPH为空白对照的吸光度, ASample为样品的吸光度。
实验方案参考王升匀等[29]的方法并作适当修改。
不同浓度的样品溶液加入10 μg/mL亚硝酸钠溶液, 混合均匀。再加入8 mg/mL对氨基苯磺酸溶液, 充分混匀, 在25 ℃条件下反应5 min; 加入4 mg/mL萘乙二胺盐酸盐溶液和蒸馏水, 混匀, 在25 ℃条件下反应5 min。在538 nm波长下测定吸光度, 为Aj。用样品溶剂代替样品溶液测量吸光度为A0, 用样品溶剂取代亚硝酸钠溶液测量吸光度Ai。所得标准曲线方程为Y=0.0516X-0.1566; r2=0.9902。
由VC的标准曲线方程计算出样品的亚硝基清除活性, 并表示为每克样品的VC当量的浓度(mg VC/g), 清除率根据公式(4)计算:
亚硝基清除率/%=[1-(Aj-Ai)/A0]×100%
实验方案参考ZHOU等[30]的方法并作适当修改。
配制质量浓度为1562.500、781.250、390.625、195.310、97.656、48.828、24.414 µg/mL的七水合硫酸亚铁溶液。
所得标准曲线方程Y=0.1305X+0.8066; r2=0.9978。由VC的标准曲线方程计算样品的抗氧化能力, 并表示为每克样品的VC当量的浓度(mg VC/g)。
实验重复3次测定, 数据利用Excel 2007软件初处理, 采用SPSS 26.0软件单因素方差分析方法比较不同冲泡条件对蒲公英茶所测指标的影响, 利用邓肯氏法进行显著性分析, 并采用Origin 2021对数据进行相关性分析绘图。
在相同冲泡温度94 ℃和相同茶水比1:50 (g:mL)的条件下, 分别用蒸馏水一次冲泡5、10、15、20、25、30 min, 有效成分含量如表1所示。当冲泡时间为5 min时, 总黄酮含量最高, 与冲泡时间10、15、25、30 min的总黄酮含量有显著性差异; 当冲泡时间5 min时, 总多酚含量最高, 与冲泡时间15、20、25、30 min的总多酚含量有显著性差异; 当冲泡时间为10 min时, 总多糖含量最高, 与冲泡时间5、15、20、25、30 min的总多糖含量有显著性差异; 当冲泡时间为25 min时, 茶氨酸含量、谷氨酸含量均最高, 与冲泡时间5、10、15、20、30 min的茶氨酸、谷氨酸含量有显著性差异。综上所述, 冲泡时间为5 min时, 有利于黄酮类和多酚类成分浸出; 冲泡时间为10 min时, 有利于多酚类和多糖类成分浸出; 冲泡时间为25 min时, 有利于氨基酸类成分的浸出。不同冲泡时间下, 不同化学成分的浸出量有差异, 这与文献报道中茶叶风味物质随冲泡时间变化而变化的研究结果具有一定相似性[31]
在相同冲泡时间5 min和相同茶水比1:50的条件下, 分别用94、84、74、64、54、44 ℃的蒸馏水一次冲泡, 有效成分含量如表2所示。当冲泡温度为94 ℃时, 总黄酮含量最高, 与冲泡温度84、74、64、54、44 ℃的总黄酮含量有显著性差异; 当冲泡温度为94 ℃时, 总多酚含量最高, 与冲泡温度84、74、64、54、44 ℃的总多酚含量有显著性差异; 当冲泡温度为94 ℃时, 总多糖含量最高, 与冲泡温度84、74、64、54、44 ℃的总多糖含量有显著性差异; 当冲泡温度为84 ℃时, 茶氨酸含量以及谷氨酸含量达到最高含量, 与冲泡温度94、74、64、54、44 ℃的茶氨酸、谷氨酸含量有显著性差异。总体而言, 实验温度为94 ℃时, 总黄酮、总多酚、总多糖的有效溶出量综合最佳。但冲泡温度为84 ℃时, 有利于茶氨酸和谷氨酸浸出, 其含量达到最高。和余浩等[32]的发现基本一致, 在冲泡时间相同的情况下, 冲泡温度越高, 茶叶水浸出物溶出速率越快、含量越高。
在用94 ℃沸水(蒸馏水)冲泡5 min条件下, 茶水比分别为1:50、1:45、1:40、1:35、1:30、1:25时, 有效成分含量如表3所示。当茶水比为1:45时, 总黄酮含量最高, 与茶水比为1:50、1:35的总黄酮含量有显著性差异; 当茶水比为1:45时, 总多酚含量最高, 与茶水比为1:50、1:40、1:35、1:30、1:25时的总多酚含量有显著性差异; 当茶水比为1:45时, 总多糖含量最高, 与茶水比为1:50、1:35、1:30、1:25时的总多糖含量有显著性差异; 当茶水比为1:45时, 茶氨酸、谷氨酸含量最大, 与茶水比为1:50、1:40、1:35、1:30、1:25时的茶氨酸、谷氨酸含量有显著性差异。综上所述, 茶水比为1:45时, 有利于总黄酮、总多酚、总多糖和氨基酸的浸出, 含量均最高。王淑腾等[33]研究发现, 在单因素冲泡实验中, 茶汤中茶多酚浓度随着茶水比增大而减小, 茶水比1:60时最小, 显著低于其他处理。总体而言, 适当的水量可以有效促进蒲公英茶中有效成分的溶出。
分别用沸腾的超纯水(94 ℃)、蒸馏水(94 ℃)、自来水(93 ℃)、矿泉水(92 ℃)、纯净水(89 ℃)和苏打水(89 ℃)和1:50的茶水比条件下分别一次冲泡5 min, 有效成分含量如表4所示。用自来水冲泡的蒲公英茶中总黄酮含量具有最高值, 与超纯水、蒸馏水、矿泉水、纯净水和苏打水组总黄酮含量有显著性差异; 用苏打水冲泡的蒲公英茶中总多酚含量具有最高值, 与超纯水、蒸馏水、自来水、矿泉水和纯净水组总多酚含量有显著性差异; 用蒸馏水冲泡的蒲公英茶中总多糖含量具有最高值, 与超纯水、自来水、矿泉水、纯净水和苏打水组总多糖含量有显著性差异; 用纯净水冲泡的蒲公英茶中茶氨酸和谷氨酸含量具有最高值, 与超纯水、蒸馏水、自来水、矿泉水和苏打水组氨基酸含量有显著性差异。有研究发现, 矿物质水冲泡的蒲公英茶汤色泽较清, 且有效成分的提取效率较高, 尤其是茶多酚和其他水溶性成分的浓度往往高于使用自来水或纯净水[34]。此结论与本研究结果有出入, 可能与地区水质和水的品牌有关, 有待进一步研究。
不同冲泡时间对蒲公英茶茶汤抗氧化活性的影响如图1所示。在冲泡时间为15 min时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的ABTS+自由基清除活性最高, 为0.1812 mg VC/g, 与冲泡时间为20、25、30 min时的ABTS+自由基清除活性无显著性差异, 与冲泡时间为5、10 min时的ABTS+自由基清除活性有显著性差异; 在冲泡时间为30 min时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的DPPH自由基清除活性最高, 为0.2418 mg VC/g, 显著高于冲泡时间为5、10、15、20、25 min时的DPPH自由基清除活性; 在冲泡时间为5 min时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的亚硝基清除活性最高, 为0.3938 mg VC/g, 与冲泡时间10、15 min时的亚硝基清除活性基本相当, 与冲泡时间20、25、30 min时的亚硝基清除活性有显著性差异。在冲泡时间为5 min时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的FRAP最强, 为0.1771 mg VC/g, 与冲泡时间为10、15、20、25、30 min时的FRAP有显著性差异。
综上所述, 当冲泡时间为30 min时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的ABTS+和DPPH自由基清除活性均较强; 当冲泡时间为5 min时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的亚硝基清除活性和FRAP均较强。有研究表明, 蒲公英茶最佳的冲泡时间通常为10~15 min, 超出此范围, 抗氧化物质的溶出可能继续增加, 相应的苦涩味和涩味也会加重, 从而影响茶汤的口感[35-36]
不同冲泡温度对蒲公英茶茶汤抗氧化活性的影响如图2所示。在冲泡温度为74 ℃时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的ABTS+自由基清除活性最高, 为0.2062 mg VC/g, 与冲泡温度为84 ℃、54 ℃时的ABTS+自由基清除活性无显著性差异, 与冲泡温度为94、64、44 ℃时的ABTS+自由基清除活性有显著性差异; 在冲泡温度为94 ℃时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的DPPH自由基清除活性最高, 为0.1878 mg VC/g, 与冲泡温度为84、74、64、54、44 ℃的DPPH自由基清除活性有显著性差异; 在冲泡温度为44 ℃时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的亚硝基清除活性最高, 为0.3674 mg VC/g, 与冲泡温度为84 ℃时的亚硝基清除活性基本相当, 与冲泡温度为94、74、64、54 ℃时的亚硝基清除活性有显著性差异。在冲泡温度为94 ℃时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的FRAP最强, 为0.1784 mg VC/g, 与冲泡温度为84、74、64、54、44 ℃时的FRAP有显著性差异。
综上所述, 当冲泡温度为84 ℃时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的ABTS+自由基和亚硝基清除活性较强; 当冲泡温度为94 ℃时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的DPPH自由基清除活性和FRAP均较强。结果表明, 在较高温度下冲泡的蒲公英茶茶汤, 其抗氧化活性较好, 与CASTIGLIONI等[37]发现在90 ℃下冲泡的白茶和绿茶高于70 ℃下冲泡所得的抗氧化活性结论相似。
不同冲泡体积对蒲公英茶茶汤抗氧化活性的影响如图3所示。在茶水比为1:50时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的ABTS+自由基清除活性最高, 为0.2054 mg VC/g, 与茶水比为1:45、1:40、1:35、1:30、1:25时的ABTS+自由基清除活性有显著性差异; 在茶水比为1:50时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的DPPH自由基清除活性最高, 为0.2571 mg VC/g, 显著高于茶水比为1:45、1:40、1:35、1:30、1:25时的DPPH自由基清除活性; 在茶水比为1:50时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的亚硝基清除活性最高, 为0.3787 mg VC/g, 与茶水比为1:45、1:40、1:35、1:30、1:25时的亚硝基清除活性有显著性差异。在茶水比为1:35时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的FRAP最强, 为0.1562 mg VC/g, 与茶水比为1:45、1:40时的FRAP无显著性差异, 与茶水比为1:50、1:30、1:25时的FRAP有显著性差异。
综上所述, 当茶水比为1:50时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的ABTS+、DPPH自由基清除活性和亚硝基清除活性均较强; 当茶水比为1:35时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的FRAP较强。由此可见, 茶水比对抗氧化活性具有一定影响。有研究表明, 茶水比除对茶汤的抗氧化活性有影响外, 对茶汤的浓度也有直接影响。茶水比过低, 茶汤中风味物质的浓度太低, 部分风味物质可能未达到其呈色或呈味阈值、无法发挥作用, 部分风味物质虽达到阈值、但其强度不够, 从而导致汤色浅而不亮、滋味寡淡、香气不够浓郁[38]
不同冲泡水质对蒲公英茶茶汤抗氧化活性的影响如图4所示。在冲泡水质为自来水时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的ABTS+自由基清除活性最高, 为0.2072 mg VC/g, 与冲泡水质为超纯水、蒸馏水、矿泉水、纯净水和苏打水时的ABTS+自由基清除活性有显著性差异; 在冲泡水质为自来水时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的DPPH自由基清除活性最高, 为0.2507 mg VC/g, 显著高于其他5种水质冲泡时的DPPH自由基清除活性; 在冲泡水质为自来水时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的亚硝基清除活性最高, 为0.3870 mg VC/g, 与冲泡水质为矿泉水时的亚硝基清除活性基本相当, 与冲泡水质为超纯水、蒸馏水、纯净水和苏打水时的亚硝基清除活性有显著性差异。在冲泡水质为纯净水时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的FRAP最强, 为0.1556 mg VC/g, 与冲泡水质为超纯水、蒸馏水、自来水、矿泉水和苏打水时的FRAP有显著性差异。
综上所述, 当冲泡水质为自来水时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的ABTS+、DPPH自由基清除活性和亚硝基清除活性均较强; 当冲泡水质为纯净水时, 蒲公英茶茶汤的FRAP较强。有研究表明, 自来水中的矿物质、金属离子及其他溶解物质能够与茶叶中的多酚类物质发生化学反应, 进而影响茶汤的色泽和味道, 从而提升其抗氧化性能, 而使用蒸馏水和超纯水泡茶时, 虽然能够减少杂质对茶汤的影响, 但其抗氧化活性通常降低[39], 这与本研究结果基本一致。
利用Pearson相关分析研究总黄酮、总多酚、总多糖、茶氨酸、谷氨酸、ABTS+自由基、DPPH自由基、亚硝基和FRAP共9项之间的相关关系, 用Pearson相关系数表示相关关系的强弱情况。在某项研究中, 作者对非洲白参不同提取物的总黄酮和总多酚含量进行了测定, 并通过DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法评估其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明, 总黄酮与总多酚含量显著相关, DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法测定结果显著相关[40]。这种相关性分析为理解植物提取物的抗氧化机制提供了理论依据, 并有助于筛选抗氧化活性成分。
表5可知, 总黄酮与总多酚、ABTS+自由基之间均呈现出显著相关, 相关系数值分别为0.584和0.417, 均大于0, 呈正相关。总黄酮对ABTS抗氧化实验呈显著正相关, 符合马致静等[41]得出的蒲公英自由基清除能力与总黄酮含量成正相关。总多酚与茶氨酸、谷氨酸、ABTS+自由基和亚硝基之间均呈现出显著相关, 相关系数值分别是0.440、0.467、0.787和0.597, 全部大于0, 呈正相关。总多酚对ABTS抗氧化活性和亚硝基清除活性这两种化学方法呈极显著正相关, 验证了王万方等[42]提出的茶叶提取物的抗氧化活性与茶多酚含量呈现良好的量效关系, 茶多酚含量越高, 抗氧化活性越强。对于以上两个结论, 研究表明, 酚类和黄酮类所含的邻位酚羟基很容易被氧化为醌类结构, 能够捕捉一些活性氧自由基, 抗氧化能力较好[43]并与总酚和总黄酮含量均呈正相关[44-46], 与以上研究结果相符。总多糖与ABTS+自由基和FRAP之间均呈现出显著相关, 总多糖与FRAP的相关系数值为0.529, 呈正相关; 总多糖与ABTS+自由基的相关系数值为-0.407, 呈负相关。总多糖对ABTS+自由基抗氧化活性呈现显著负相关、对FRAP抗氧化活性成极显著正相关, 这可能与总黄酮、总多糖等化合物含有羟基, 在反应中易被氧化, 无法发挥其抗氧化作用, 导致反应不充分或反应体系不稳定[47]有关。茶氨酸与谷氨酸、DPPH自由基和亚硝基之间均呈现出显著相关, 相关系数值分别是0.999、0.483、0.598, 全部大于0, 呈正相关。谷氨酸与DPPH自由基和亚硝基之间均呈现出显著相关, 相关系数值分别为0.497和0.616, 呈正相关。茶氨酸和谷氨酸两种化学成分对DPPH自由基抗氧化活性和亚硝基清除活性具有显著正相关和极显著正相关。符合相关研究结果, 随着食品中游离氨基酸含量的增加, 其整体抗氧化能力也随之增强[48]
ABTS+自由基与DPPH自由基和亚硝基之间相关系数值分别是0.450和0.626, 均呈现出显著相关性, 呈正相关。研究表明, ABTS法和DPPH法评估抗氧化活性均根据样品清除自由基的能力强弱, 抗氧化剂能够有效捕获自由基, 减少其对细胞和组织的损害[49-50]。同时, 有研究发现, 某些植物提取物在降低亚硝酸盐浓度的同时, 显示出较强的自由基清除能力[51], 这进一步说明本研究结果的科学准确性。DPPH自由基与亚硝基之间相关系数值为0.587, 呈现显著相关性, 呈正相关。主要原因可能是抗氧化剂不仅能直接清除DPPH自由基, 还能干扰亚硝酸盐转化为亚硝胺的过程, 可以减缓或阻止其合成[52]
本研究充分考虑冲泡时间、温度、茶水比及水质对抗氧化活性和有效成分的影响。研究发现, 不同冲泡条件下, 蒲公英茶茶汤的抗氧化活性和有效成分均存在差异。对所有冲泡条件下的抗氧化活性和活性成分进行比较, 并结合Pearson相关性分析结果发现, 当冲泡时间为5 min时, 亚硝基清除活性最高, 与总多酚、茶氨酸、谷氨酸含量显著相关; 当冲泡温度是94 ℃时, FRAP最强, 与总多糖含量显著相关; 当茶水比为1:50时, DPPH自由基清除活性最强, 与茶氨酸、谷氨酸含量显著相关; 当冲泡水质为自来水时, ABTS+自由基清除活性最强, 与总黄酮、总多酚含量显著相关。由此可见, 蒲公英的抗氧化活性是多种有效成分综合作用的结果。因此, 当主要考虑抗氧化活性时, 建议最佳冲泡条件为: 冲泡时间5 min, 冲泡温度94 ℃, 茶水比1:50, 冲泡水质为自来水。
据文献报道, 多酚、类黄酮和儿茶素的浓度与茶液的抗氧化活性显著相关[18]。冲泡型植物类饮品的抗氧化活性源于其原料中含有的黄酮类、多酚类和多糖类等植物活性成分, 而抗氧化活性的强弱取决于冲泡时植物活性成分溶出量的多少[53-54]。冲泡时间、冲泡次数、冲泡温度、冲泡水量和冲泡水质等冲泡条件与冲泡型植物类饮品汤汁中植物活性成分含量的高低密切相关[55-56], 进而影响其抗氧化性能[57]。据报道, 冲泡时间和温度是影响茶饮料总酚含量和抗氧化能力的最关键参数[58]。此外, 茶汤的抗氧化能力还受黄酮、多酚、多糖、游离氨基酸和咖啡碱等生物活性成分的影响[59]。随着温度的上升, 物质分子的移动速度加快, 这也促进了抗氧化物质更快地溶解出并融入茶水中。若温度持续上升, 高温则可能会破坏茶叶中的抗氧化成分[60], 导致其抗氧化活性降低。水质也是影响茶汤品质的一大因素。龚芝萍等[61]研究结果显示, 不同类型水质的饮用水主要离子含量差异较大, 饮用水中的Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-易与茶汤的滋味物质茶多酚、氨基酸、有机酸、咖啡碱等物质反应, 并影响茶汤香气成分挥发量, 从而造成了茶汤的鲜味、涩味、苦味及香型、纯正度和浓强度等感官差异。由此可见, 冲泡时间、温度、茶水比及水质等冲泡条件对茶汤抗氧化活性及有效成分的影响已经基本明确, 但是其本质还有待于进一步探索。
结合文献报道, 蒲公英的抗氧化活性是多种有效成分综合作用的结果, 其多酚、黄酮和多糖等具有很好的抗氧化活性[62-63], 这与本研究的结果基本一致。不同冲泡条件对蒲公英的抗氧化活性和有效成分具有显著影响。故合理调整冲泡条件, 可以提高蒲公英茶的抗氧化作用。在实际应用中, 可以根据产品的不同作用来选择适宜的冲泡条件, 以使其中所需的化学成分含量达到最大, 可以最大限度地发挥蒲公英茶的抗氧化效果。
  • 云南省科技厅基础研究计划项目(202301AT070044)
  • 云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2023J0992)
  • 玉溪师范学院大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202211390001)
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2025年第16卷第4期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240820002
  • 接收时间:2024-08-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-20
基金
云南省科技厅基础研究计划项目(202301AT070044)
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2023J0992)
玉溪师范学院大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202211390001)
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    1.玉溪师范学院化学生物与环境学院, 玉溪 653100
    2.玉溪市食品药品检验所, 玉溪 653100
    3.扬州大学化学化工学院, 扬州 225009

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* 庄小翠(1991—), 女, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为植物化学生物学、天然产物化学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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