Article(id=1153986583763083953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241029002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730131200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061441603, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061441603, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061441603, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061441603, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986579971429187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061440699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758783495950, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177986619249406427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177986619249406428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=309, endPage=314, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986584534835893, articleId=1153986583763083953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Regularity of changes in the content and migration of lead, arsenic, and aluminum elements in paper straws, columnId=1153433739154678309, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Safety Supervision and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for determination the content and migration of metal elements (lead, arsenic, aluminum) in paper straws by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES), and analyze the changes in the content and migration of 3 kinds of elements. Methods Microwave digestion and immersion in 4% acetic acid for 2 hours were used as pre-treatment conditions. The instrument was analyzed according to the selected working conditions, and a standard working curve was drawn. Three elements were subjected to spiked recovery experiments, and the recovery rate and precision were calculated. Then, the content and migration amount of 3 kinds of elements were detected in 45 samples. Results The linear range of lead and arsenic elements in the ICP-MS method was 5-50 μg/L, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 and limits of detection of 0.005 and 0.002 mg/kg. The spiked recovery rates were 96.1% and 104.2%, with relative standard deviations of 1.5% and 3.6%. The linear range of aluminum element in ICP-OES method was 0.5-4.0 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 and the limits of detection of 0.3 mg/kg. The spiked recovery rate was 94.0%, with a relative standard deviation of 0.2%. The aluminum content and migration amount in paper straws were relatively high, especially the aluminum content, with an average content of 148.00 mg/kg and a maximum content of 1005.00 mg/kg. The 40% of the straws had a content exceeding 100.00 mg/kg. Conclusion Based on the characteristics of lead, arsenic, and aluminum content in paper straws, this study establishes an analytical method for testing aluminum, lead, and arsenic in paper straws. Based on this method, the content and migration patterns of lead, arsenic and aluminum elements in actual use are explored, providing technical support for a deeper understanding of the safety of paper straws.

, correspAuthors=Yu-Fang ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ying-Hui MA, Cong-Rui HAN, Xi-Mei ZHAO, Ya-Fang XUE, Zhi-Cong LIU, Yu-Fang ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986584853602999, articleId=1153986583763083953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=纸吸管中铅、砷、铝元素含量和迁移量变化的规律, columnId=1153433739318256173, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品安全监管, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)、电感耦合等离子体光谱法(inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry, ICP-OES)测定纸吸管中金属元素(铅、砷、铝)含量和迁移量的方法, 并分析3种元素含量和迁移量的变化规律。方法 用微波消解和在4%乙酸中浸没2 h作为前处理条件, 按照选定的仪器工作条件进行上机分析, 绘制标准工作曲线, 对3种元素分别进行加标回收实验, 计算回收率和精密度, 再分别检测45个试样中3种元素的含量和迁移量。结果 ICP-MS方法中铅、砷元素线性范围为5~50 μg/L, 相关系数均大于0.999, 检出限0.005、0.002 mg/kg, 加标回收率为96.1%、104.2%, 相对标准偏差1.5%、3.6%; ICP-OES方法中铝元素的线性范围为0.5~4.0 mg/L, 相关系数大于0.999, 检出限0.3 mg/kg, 加标回收率为94.0%, 相对标准偏差0.2%。纸吸管中铝元素含量和迁移量值均较高, 尤其是铝元素含量, 平均含量为148.00 mg/kg, 最高含量为1005.00 mg/kg, 含量超过100.00 mg/kg的占比40%。结论 本研究根据纸吸管中铅、砷、铝元素含量高低特点, 形成一套测试纸吸管中铅、砷、铝的实验方法, 利用此方法测试样品中铅、砷、铝元素含量和迁移量, 并探讨在实际使用过程中的迁移规律, 可为进一步了解纸吸管安全性提供理论支撑。

, correspAuthors=张玉芳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张玉芳(1975—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品包装材料检测技术和质量安全研究。E-mail:
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马迎辉(1985—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品相关产品检测与风险信息研究。E-mail:

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马迎辉(1985—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品相关产品检测与风险信息研究。E-mail:

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Nutrition, 2010, 26(6): 585-594., articleTitle=Anything Aluminum contamination in products used in parenteral nutrition: Has anything changed, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1177985457670472217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986583763083953, awardId=2023sj36, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省市场监督管理局科研项目(2023sj36), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1177985453572637129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986583763083953, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177985453576831433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986583763083953, companyId=1177985453572637129, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Henan Institute of Product Quality Inspection Technology, Zhengzhou 450047, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177985453585220042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986583763083953, companyId=1177985453572637129, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河南省产品质量检验技术研究院, 郑州 450047)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1177985456814834188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986583763083953, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Linear parameters and limits of detection (n=11)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素 线性范围 线性方程 相关系数(r) 方法检出限/(mg/kg)
5~50 μg/L Y=0.06155X+0.0529 0.9999 0.005
5~50 μg/L Y=0.0633X+0.0120 0.9999 0.002
0.5~4.0 mg/L Y=0.9997X-0.0125 0.9997 0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1177985456898720269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986583763083953, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

线性参数和检出限(n=11)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素 线性范围 线性方程 相关系数(r) 方法检出限/(mg/kg)
5~50 μg/L Y=0.06155X+0.0529 0.9999 0.005
5~50 μg/L Y=0.0633X+0.0120 0.9999 0.002
0.5~4.0 mg/L Y=0.9997X-0.0125 0.9997 0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1177985457007772174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986583763083953, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Accuracy and precision experimental results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素 本底浓度/(mg/kg) 回收率/% RSDs/%
0.21 96.1 1.5
0.12 104.2 3.6
1.00 94.0 0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1177985457066492430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986583763083953, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

准确度和精密度实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素 本底浓度/(mg/kg) 回收率/% RSDs/%
0.21 96.1 1.5
0.12 104.2 3.6
1.00 94.0 0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1177985457175544335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986583763083953, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Experimental results of the content of each element in the sample (mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 铝含量 铅含量 砷含量
1 0.84 1.90 -
2 0.88 2.00 -
3 1.10 1.50 -
4 1.20 1.70 -
5 1.40 2.80 -
6 1.80 3.20 -
7 3.70 0.05 0.10
8 6.00 0.13 -
9 7.00 0.15 -
10 8.50 0.17 -
11 10.00 0.20 0.01
12 12.90 0.25 0.03
13 13.50 0.25 0.04
14 15.60 0.35 0.05
15 17.70 0.35 0.06
16 28.70 0.35 0.07
17 29.80 0.36 0.07
18 39.90 0.38 0.08
19 53.90 0.41 0.15
20 55.20 0.43 0.15
21 64.80 0.45 0.50
22 70.00 0.45 -
23 77.70 0.48 -
24 82.10 0.49 -
25 83.40 0.55 -
26 86.10 0.55 -
27 96.00 0.55 -
28 101.00 0.55 -
29 116.20 0.60 -
30 118.80 0.61 -
31 132.30 0.61 -
32 148.30 0.66 -
33 193.00 0.68 -
34 202.00 0.74 -
35 220.00 0.75 -
36 229.80 0.80 -
37 251.20 0.81 -
38 266.60 0.90 -
39 334.00 1.40 -
40 334.00 0.93 -
41 356.00 0.95 -
42 443.00 0.95 -
43 532.50 1.00 -
44 808.30 1.30 -
45 1005.00 1.40 -
), ArticleFig(id=1177985457255236114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986583763083953, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

样品中各元素含量实验结果(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 铝含量 铅含量 砷含量
1 0.84 1.90 -
2 0.88 2.00 -
3 1.10 1.50 -
4 1.20 1.70 -
5 1.40 2.80 -
6 1.80 3.20 -
7 3.70 0.05 0.10
8 6.00 0.13 -
9 7.00 0.15 -
10 8.50 0.17 -
11 10.00 0.20 0.01
12 12.90 0.25 0.03
13 13.50 0.25 0.04
14 15.60 0.35 0.05
15 17.70 0.35 0.06
16 28.70 0.35 0.07
17 29.80 0.36 0.07
18 39.90 0.38 0.08
19 53.90 0.41 0.15
20 55.20 0.43 0.15
21 64.80 0.45 0.50
22 70.00 0.45 -
23 77.70 0.48 -
24 82.10 0.49 -
25 83.40 0.55 -
26 86.10 0.55 -
27 96.00 0.55 -
28 101.00 0.55 -
29 116.20 0.60 -
30 118.80 0.61 -
31 132.30 0.61 -
32 148.30 0.66 -
33 193.00 0.68 -
34 202.00 0.74 -
35 220.00 0.75 -
36 229.80 0.80 -
37 251.20 0.81 -
38 266.60 0.90 -
39 334.00 1.40 -
40 334.00 0.93 -
41 356.00 0.95 -
42 443.00 0.95 -
43 532.50 1.00 -
44 808.30 1.30 -
45 1005.00 1.40 -
), ArticleFig(id=1177985457334927892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986583763083953, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Experimental results of migration amounts of various elements in the sample (mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 铝迁移量 铅迁移量 砷迁移量
1 0.05 - -
2 0.05 - -
3 0.07 - -
4 0.18 - -
5 0.21 - -
6 0.23 - -
7 0.23 - -
8 0.27 - 0.0023
9 0.28 - 0.0030
10 0.31 - 0.0031
11 0.32 - 0.0052
12 0.33 - 0.0140
13 0.34 - 0.0230
14 0.35 - 0.0240
15 0.35 - 0.0850
16 0.39 - 0.0920
17 0.39 - -
18 0.39 - -
19 0.42 - -
20 0.43 - -
21 0.46 - -
22 0.47 - -
23 0.53 - -
24 0.54 - -
25 0.72 - -
26 0.84 - -
27 0.88 - -
28 1.12 - -
29 1.42 - -
30 1.54 - -
31 1.78 - -
32 1.78 - -
33 2.69 - -
34 2.80 0.0053 -
35 2.86 0.0079 -
36 3.55 0.0080 -
37 3.78 0.0085 -
38 7.53 0.0110 -
39 10.11 0.0130 -
40 11.15 0.0180 -
41 - 0.0680 -
42 - - -
43 - - -
44 - - -
45 - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1177985457439785494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986583763083953, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

样品中各元素迁移量实验结果(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 铝迁移量 铅迁移量 砷迁移量
1 0.05 - -
2 0.05 - -
3 0.07 - -
4 0.18 - -
5 0.21 - -
6 0.23 - -
7 0.23 - -
8 0.27 - 0.0023
9 0.28 - 0.0030
10 0.31 - 0.0031
11 0.32 - 0.0052
12 0.33 - 0.0140
13 0.34 - 0.0230
14 0.35 - 0.0240
15 0.35 - 0.0850
16 0.39 - 0.0920
17 0.39 - -
18 0.39 - -
19 0.42 - -
20 0.43 - -
21 0.46 - -
22 0.47 - -
23 0.53 - -
24 0.54 - -
25 0.72 - -
26 0.84 - -
27 0.88 - -
28 1.12 - -
29 1.42 - -
30 1.54 - -
31 1.78 - -
32 1.78 - -
33 2.69 - -
34 2.80 0.0053 -
35 2.86 0.0079 -
36 3.55 0.0080 -
37 3.78 0.0085 -
38 7.53 0.0110 -
39 10.11 0.0130 -
40 11.15 0.0180 -
41 - 0.0680 -
42 - - -
43 - - -
44 - - -
45 - - -
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纸吸管中铅、砷、铝元素含量和迁移量变化的规律
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马迎辉 , 韩聪瑞 , 赵喜梅 , 薛亚芳 , 刘志聪 , 张玉芳 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品安全监管 2025,16(4): 309-314
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品安全监管 2025, 16(4): 309-314
纸吸管中铅、砷、铝元素含量和迁移量变化的规律
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马迎辉 , 韩聪瑞, 赵喜梅, 薛亚芳, 刘志聪, 张玉芳*
作者信息
  • 河南省产品质量检验技术研究院, 郑州 450047
  • 马迎辉(1985—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品相关产品检测与风险信息研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 张玉芳(1975—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品包装材料检测技术和质量安全研究。E-mail:
Regularity of changes in the content and migration of lead, arsenic, and aluminum elements in paper straws
Ying-Hui MA , Cong-Rui HAN, Xi-Mei ZHAO, Ya-Fang XUE, Zhi-Cong LIU, Yu-Fang ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • Henan Institute of Product Quality Inspection Technology, Zhengzhou 450047, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241029002
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目的 建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)、电感耦合等离子体光谱法(inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry, ICP-OES)测定纸吸管中金属元素(铅、砷、铝)含量和迁移量的方法, 并分析3种元素含量和迁移量的变化规律。方法 用微波消解和在4%乙酸中浸没2 h作为前处理条件, 按照选定的仪器工作条件进行上机分析, 绘制标准工作曲线, 对3种元素分别进行加标回收实验, 计算回收率和精密度, 再分别检测45个试样中3种元素的含量和迁移量。结果 ICP-MS方法中铅、砷元素线性范围为5~50 μg/L, 相关系数均大于0.999, 检出限0.005、0.002 mg/kg, 加标回收率为96.1%、104.2%, 相对标准偏差1.5%、3.6%; ICP-OES方法中铝元素的线性范围为0.5~4.0 mg/L, 相关系数大于0.999, 检出限0.3 mg/kg, 加标回收率为94.0%, 相对标准偏差0.2%。纸吸管中铝元素含量和迁移量值均较高, 尤其是铝元素含量, 平均含量为148.00 mg/kg, 最高含量为1005.00 mg/kg, 含量超过100.00 mg/kg的占比40%。结论 本研究根据纸吸管中铅、砷、铝元素含量高低特点, 形成一套测试纸吸管中铅、砷、铝的实验方法, 利用此方法测试样品中铅、砷、铝元素含量和迁移量, 并探讨在实际使用过程中的迁移规律, 可为进一步了解纸吸管安全性提供理论支撑。

纸吸管  /  元素  /  含量  /  迁移量

Objective To establish a method for determination the content and migration of metal elements (lead, arsenic, aluminum) in paper straws by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES), and analyze the changes in the content and migration of 3 kinds of elements. Methods Microwave digestion and immersion in 4% acetic acid for 2 hours were used as pre-treatment conditions. The instrument was analyzed according to the selected working conditions, and a standard working curve was drawn. Three elements were subjected to spiked recovery experiments, and the recovery rate and precision were calculated. Then, the content and migration amount of 3 kinds of elements were detected in 45 samples. Results The linear range of lead and arsenic elements in the ICP-MS method was 5-50 μg/L, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 and limits of detection of 0.005 and 0.002 mg/kg. The spiked recovery rates were 96.1% and 104.2%, with relative standard deviations of 1.5% and 3.6%. The linear range of aluminum element in ICP-OES method was 0.5-4.0 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 and the limits of detection of 0.3 mg/kg. The spiked recovery rate was 94.0%, with a relative standard deviation of 0.2%. The aluminum content and migration amount in paper straws were relatively high, especially the aluminum content, with an average content of 148.00 mg/kg and a maximum content of 1005.00 mg/kg. The 40% of the straws had a content exceeding 100.00 mg/kg. Conclusion Based on the characteristics of lead, arsenic, and aluminum content in paper straws, this study establishes an analytical method for testing aluminum, lead, and arsenic in paper straws. Based on this method, the content and migration patterns of lead, arsenic and aluminum elements in actual use are explored, providing technical support for a deeper understanding of the safety of paper straws.

paper straw  /  element  /  content  /  migration
马迎辉, 韩聪瑞, 赵喜梅, 薛亚芳, 刘志聪, 张玉芳. 纸吸管中铅、砷、铝元素含量和迁移量变化的规律. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (4) : 309 -314 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241029002
Ying-Hui MA, Cong-Rui HAN, Xi-Mei ZHAO, Ya-Fang XUE, Zhi-Cong LIU, Yu-Fang ZHANG. Regularity of changes in the content and migration of lead, arsenic, and aluminum elements in paper straws[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (4) : 309 -314 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241029002
纸吸管是很常见的一类生活用品, 广泛用于包装饮料及饮品等领域。随着“限塑令”的逐步实施, 包装纸行业的内生需求也在不断增长, 纸类包装占总包装材料的40%[1-2], 因此推广纸吸管势在必行。我国目前没有纸吸管产品标准, 作为食品接触用纸, 纸吸管应符合GB 4806.8—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品接触用纸和纸板材料及制品》, 此标准中对铅、砷的限量分别为铅≤3.0 mg/kg, 砷≤1.0 mg/kg, 但未规定铝元素的含量。我国GB 2760—2024《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》中规定食品中铝的残留量≤100 mg/kg, 国际上, 2017年欧盟食品接触的塑料制品法规(EU)10/2011的修订法规(EU)2017/752[3]中规定铝的特定迁移是1.0 mg/kg。韩国关于食品用纸规定: 纸制品中铅、镉、汞、六价铬4种重金属的总含量不得超过100 mg/kg。相关研究也表明纸吸管中铝的迁移风险比较大[4-5]。纸吸管中金属元素测定可以分为两种: (1)总量的测定; (2)迁移量的测定。前者主要对纸吸管中金属元素总含量的测定; 后者指的是使用不同的模拟物对纸吸管进行浸泡, 对浸泡液中所迁移出的金属元素进行测定。根据纸吸管产品使用特点, 依据GB 4806.8—2022对其进行铅、砷、铝总含量检测的同时, 更应注重对其迁移量的检测, 这也是纸吸管中有毒有害元素可能渗出到食品中最直接的方式。国内在此领域还没有相应的法规, 本研究结合国外相应的限制要求以及国内在类似食品接触材料上的研究[6-9], 建立铅、砷、铝3种常见金属含量的检测方法, 在GB 31604.49—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 多元素的测定和多元素迁移量的测定》的基础上优化铅、砷含量和迁移量的测定方法[电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)], 建立铝元素含量的测定方法[电感耦合等离子体光谱法(inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry, ICP-OES)], 同时分析纸吸管中金属迁移量的变化规律, 以期为监管部门提供科学监督依据和技术保障。
45批次纸吸管样品中有20批次从企业获取, 25批次从流通领域购买。其中直径6 mm的35批次, 直径12 mm的10批次; 白色纸吸管30批次, 本色纸吸管10批次, 彩色纸吸管5批次。
硝酸、冰乙酸(优级纯, 上海国药集团化学试剂有限公司)。
PE300D型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(测定铅、砷元素)(美国PE公司); iCAP PRO XP电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(测定铝元素)[赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司]; 万分之一分析天平(瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司); MARS-XPRESS微波消解仪(配套赶酸仪, 美国CEM公司); Milli-Q超纯水机(美国Millipore公司)。
微波消解: 称取0.3 g剪碎样品, 置于微波消解管中, 加入6 mL硝酸, 然后按照微波消解方法控温120 ℃(升温5 min, 恒温5 min)-150 ℃(升温5 min, 恒温10 min)- 180 ℃(升温5 min, 恒温20 min)进行消解。消解完全后, 在赶酸仪中120 ℃赶酸30 min, 然后转移到定量瓶中, 定容混匀, 同时做试样空白, 待测。
根据相关研究资料, 重金属在酸性条件下的迁移量最大[10-12], 因此, 本研究选用4%乙酸为模拟液。将样品在70 ℃的4%乙酸中浸没2 h, 收集食品模拟液测定。
ICP-MS测定铅和砷: 通过对比标准模式(STD)、碰撞模式(KED)两种做样模式, 优化氦气流量、吸取时间和保留时间, 经过优化选用KED模式, 氦气气体流量3 L/min, 延迟时间15 s, 提升时间35 s, RF Power: 1200 W。
ICP-OES测定铝: 雾化器流量0.5 L/min, 辅助气流量0.5 L/min, 冷却器流量12.5 L/min, 蠕动泵转速45 r/min, RF Power: 1150 W, 模式Aqueous。
做线性参数和检出限重复测定11次, 样品测试重复测定3次取平均值, 应用Microsoft Excel 2013软件进行数据汇总和统计分析。
根据优化和建立的测定方法绘制标准曲线, 各元素的线性方程和检出限见表1。由表1可以看出, 该方法灵敏度高, 相关系数均大于0.999, 方法检出限为铅0.005 mg/kg、砷0.002 mg/kg、铝0.3 mg/kg, 满足检测的要求。方法准确可靠, 可用于纸制品中铅、砷、铝的检测分析。
对样品进行加标实验, 计算本方法的精密度和回收率, 结果见表2。由表2可知, 各元素的加标回收率在94.0%~104.2%之间, RSDs为0.2%~3.6%, 符合GB/T 27404—2008《实验室质量控制规范 食品理化检测》的规定, 说明该方法准确可靠。
按照实验条件进行含量测试, 实验结果见表3。从表3中可以看出, 铝含量检出率为100%, 最低含量为0.84 mg/kg, 最高含量为1005.00 mg/kg, 平均含量为148.00 mg/kg, 含量超过100.00 mg/kg的占40%, 其中有3批次达到532.50、808.30、1005.00 mg/kg; 铅含量检出率为100%, 最低含量为0.05 mg/kg, 最高含量为3.20 mg/kg, 平均含量为0.80 mg/kg, 其中样品含量超过1.00 mg/kg的有10个, 占比22%, 样品超过3.00 mg/kg的有一个, 不符合GB 4806.8—2022标准要求; 砷含量检出率为27%, 最低含量0.01 mg/kg, 最高含量0.50 mg/kg, 均小于1.00 mg/kg。
从含量结果可以看出, 纸吸管中铝和铅的检出比率大, 砷的检出比率小。MARIA等[13]和MERTOGLU-ELMAS等[14]的研究中也发现铅元素残留量在包装纸制品中有大范围检出。谢苍昊等[15]以食品接触用纸制品为研究对象, 发现食品接触用纸制品中铅元素超过70%检出, 并有超标现象。杨友聪等[16]测定100件食品接触用纸制品, 铅检出率97%, 砷检出率23%, 且均有不合格样品检出。罗诗萌等[17]对食品接触用纸制品中铅、砷进行测定, 结果显示所有样品中的铅、砷都被检出, 且检出率都大于50%。这些研究与本研究中铅含量检出率100%均表明, 纸吸管中铅的问题比较突出, 应继续加强监管力度与频次, 同时本研究表明纸吸管中铝的检出率为100%, 但无相应国家标准限值, 因此, 也应该关注铝的风险监控。
纸吸管中铝含量高的原因可能与纸吸管的生产工艺有关[18-19], 由于纸吸管是由不同规格的纸张, 经过防水涂层, 每层纸之间再通过粘结胶水粘接在一起制成的, 而胶水中含有铝元素化合物。铅含量高的原因可能是使用含有油墨的原材料、胶粘剂以及不法企业使用的废纸原料有关[20-22]
按照迁移条件进行迁移量的测试, 实验结果见表4。从表4中可以看出, 铝迁移量检出率为89%, 最低含量为0.05 mg/kg, 最高含量为11.15 mg/kg, 含量超过1 mg/kg的占29%; 铅迁移量检出率为75%, 最低含量为0.0053 mg/kg, 最高含量为0.0680 mg/kg; 砷迁移量检出率为20%, 最低含量0.0023 mg/kg, 最高含量0.0920 mg/kg。DOUZIECH等[23]、SC等[24]、UNGUREANU等[25]通过数据模型和相关理论也表明食品接触用纸产品在生产和使用过程中存在重金属迁移, 纸制品中重金属会通过迁移污染食品进而影响人类健康[26-29]。鉴于样品迁移量的测定更接近纸吸管的使用特点, 3种金属元素都有不同程度的检出, 说明纸吸管生产企业确实应提高纸吸管的产品质量, 同时也要引起监管部门的重视, 加强监督力度, 确保食品用纸吸管的使用安全。
铝迁移量超标原因可能是纸吸管用原纸在施胶过程中, 为了提高纸吸管抗水性和起到助留作用, 会使用硫酸铝对原纸进行表面施胶, 同时铝酸钠、氯化铝等铝盐也广泛用于施胶、pH调整和纸料的滤水等过程中[4-5], 这样必然会使产品中铝含量很高; 研究表明, 铝并非机体所必需的微量元素[30], 迁移到食品中的铝都会在一定程度上影响人们的健康[31], 因此建议将铝项目作为新的监管项目。
本研究在充分分析国内外食品接触材料检测要求的基础上, 结合纸制品食品接触材料的特性, 在现行的检测方法的基础上, 利用微波消解技术, 对纸吸管中铅、砷、铝含量和迁移量进行检测, 根据元素含量的高低, 优化仪器方法, 利用ICP-MS检测纸吸管中铅、砷, 利用ICP-OES检测纸吸管中铝。此方法取样量少, 操作简单, 回收率高, 为纸吸管中铅、砷、铝含量的检测提供了一种更加快捷、准确的方法。
运用该方法对45个纸吸管样品进行检测, 分析了纸吸管中3种元素含量和迁移量的情况。结果发现, 在含量方面: 铝含量检出率为100%, 最低含量为0.84 mg/kg, 最高含量为1005.00 mg/kg, 平均含量为148.00 mg/kg; 铅含量检出率为100%, 最低含量为0.05 mg/kg, 最高含量为3.20 mg/kg, 平均含量为0.80 mg/kg; 砷含量检出率为27%, 最低含量0.01 mg/kg, 最高含量0.50 mg/kg; 在迁移量方面: 铝迁移量检出率为89%, 最低含量为0.05 mg/kg, 最高含量为11.15 mg/kg; 铅迁移量检出率为75%, 最低含量为0.0053 mg/kg, 最高含量为0.0680 mg/kg; 砷迁移量检出率为20%, 最低含量0.0023 mg/kg, 最高含量0.0920 mg/kg。研究表明, 纸吸管中铅和铝元素不论是在含量或迁移量方面都呈现出高的检出率, 两者含量的检出率均高于迁移量的检出率, 特别是在含量方面都有超标现象, 而砷元素则是含量和迁移量方面的检出率都相对较低, 且均没有超标现象。
纸吸管中有铝和铅超标的情况, 需引起警惕。应加强对铝含量、迁移量标准外项目的风险监测, 同时关注标准内项目铅含量的监督检验。建议开展纸吸管的绿色包装评价工作, 更好地保证产品质量, 促进行业健康发展。
  • 河南省市场监督管理局科研项目(2023sj36)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241029002
  • 接收时间:2024-10-29
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-29
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河南省市场监督管理局科研项目(2023sj36)
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    河南省产品质量检验技术研究院, 郑州 450047

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* 张玉芳(1975—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品包装材料检测技术和质量安全研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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