Article(id=1153433750231830630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250130001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738166400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929635818, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929635818, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929635818, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929635818, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433737141412332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929632696, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757293087150, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1171735391666225233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1171735391666225234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=267, endPage=275, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433751045525613, articleId=1153433750231830630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Analysis of fruit quality differences among 6 kinds of Prunus salicina L. varieties, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the quality characteristics and differences among the fruits of 6 kinds of different Prunus salicina L. varieties: Fengtang plum, Candy red plum, Red plum, Jiangan plum, Green red crisp plum and Crisp plum, Qinghong Cuili, and Suli. Methods The nutritional components of Prunus salicina L. fruits were analyzed using liquid chromatography, amino acid analyzer, spectrophotometry, and titration methods, and a quality analysis of different Prunus salicina L. varieties was conducted. Results The study found that the soluble sugar content in Prunus salicina L. fruits was primarily composed of fructose, glucose, and sucrose, with glucose being the highest, followed by fructose or sucrose. The total soluble sugar content, total sugar content, soluble solids, sweetness value, and sugar-acid ratio of Fengtang plum were significantly higher than those of other varieties, which might be the main reason for its sweeter taste. In terms of organic acids, malic acid was the predominant organic acid, accounting for more than 88% of the total, with Candy red plum having the highest malic acid content and Green red crisp plum having the highest total acid content. Amino acid analysis revealed that aspartic acid and proline levels were relatively high, and Candy red plum had the highest total free amino acid content. Green red crisp plum had the highest levels of total flavonoids and vitamin C, while Red plum had the highest vitamin E content. Conclusion The fruit qualities of the 6 plum varieties showes significant differences. This study provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the utilization of quality resources of different plum varieties and the premium strategy for Prunus salicina L. fruits.

, correspAuthors=Zhen-Xing WANG, Fei-Long SHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lu-Kuan YANG, Hong-Zhou LI, Zhen-Xing WANG, Fei-Long SHAO, Huan-Qi WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433770200912539, articleId=1153433750231830630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=6个品种李果实品质差异性分析, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探寻蜂糖李、珠宝李、红李、江安李、青红脆李和酥李6个不同品种李果实之间品质的特征和差异性。方法 利用液相色谱法、氨基酸分析仪法、分光光度法以及滴定法等方法分析李果实中的营养成分并进行了不同李果实的品质分析。结果 李果实的可溶性糖含量主要由果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖组成, 其中葡萄糖含量最高, 其次是果糖或蔗糖; 蜂糖李的可溶性糖总量、总糖含量、可溶性固形物、甜度值和糖酸比均显著高于其他品种, 这可能是其口感更甜的主要原因; 有机酸方面, 苹果酸是主要的有机酸, 占总量的88%以上, 其中珠宝李的苹果酸含量最高, 青红脆李的总酸含量最高; 氨基酸分析显示, 天冬氨酸和脯氨酸含量较高, 珠宝李的游离氨基酸总量最高; 总黄酮和维生素C含量最高的为青红脆李, 而维生素E含量最高的为红李。结论 6个李品种李果实品质具有显著性差异, 本研究为不同李果的品质资源利用和李水果精品战略提供了理论依据和实践指导。

, correspAuthors=王振兴, 邵飞龙, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王振兴(1982—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为森林食品资源的开发利用。E-mail:
邵飞龙(1986—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与分析检测。E-mail:
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杨路宽(1991—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与分析检测。E-mail:

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College of Biological and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry Universily, Kunming 650224, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171733838649671852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, companyId=1171733838632894634, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西南林业大学生物与食品工程学院, 昆明 650224)]), AuthorCompany(id=1171733838754529453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171733838758723758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, companyId=1171733838754529453, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food Inspection, Guiyang 550004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171733838767112367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, companyId=1171733838754529453, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.贵州省食品检验检测院, 贵阳 550004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1171733838842609840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171733838850998449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, companyId=1171733838842609840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Institution of Inspection and Testing Product Quality of Guizhou Provice, Guiyang 550014, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171733838855192754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, companyId=1171733838842609840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.贵州省产品质量检验检测院, 贵阳 550014)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1171733841275306197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Sugar to acid ratio in different Prunus salicina L. fruit, figureFileSmall=Cn23bZLg0Jb2Y0KG35+ZRQ==, figureFileBig=n2Om4mO85SIPBOjLrqm6vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733841354997974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=CN, label=图1, caption=李果果实中的糖酸比

注: 不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05), 图4同。

, figureFileSmall=Cn23bZLg0Jb2Y0KG35+ZRQ==, figureFileBig=n2Om4mO85SIPBOjLrqm6vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733841413718231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Correlation coefficient of soluble sugar in different Prunus salicina L. fruit, figureFileSmall=VWv0LQ23mUS1J4ZQtD0zug==, figureFileBig=QTrBYy0TyQ5akRz6yrEGFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733841472438488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=CN, label=图2, caption=李果果实中可溶性糖的相关系数, figureFileSmall=VWv0LQ23mUS1J4ZQtD0zug==, figureFileBig=QTrBYy0TyQ5akRz6yrEGFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733841552130265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Chromatogram of amino acid components in different Prunus salicina L. fruit, figureFileSmall=fN9r+ooIbNJ2UkTmu/T3rg==, figureFileBig=wbOs4iAwjd6ybd7Waz4ThA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733841623433434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=CN, label=图3, caption=李果中氨基酸组分色谱图, figureFileSmall=fN9r+ooIbNJ2UkTmu/T3rg==, figureFileBig=wbOs4iAwjd6ybd7Waz4ThA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733841778622683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Content of total flavones in Prunus salicina L. fruit, figureFileSmall=SCaazujlHI/c3ibnX3CpDA==, figureFileBig=z38eMcGTK2B0YBPUd4ltvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733841866703068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=CN, label=图4, caption=李果果实中总黄酮含量, figureFileSmall=SCaazujlHI/c3ibnX3CpDA==, figureFileBig=z38eMcGTK2B0YBPUd4ltvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733841946394845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Samples informations of Prunus salicina L. fruits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 样品名称 英文名称 产地
1 珠宝李 Candy red plum 智利
2 红李 Red plum 贵州省贵阳市
3 蜂糖李 Fengtang plum 贵州省镇宁县六马镇
4 江安李 Jiangan plum 四川省宜宾市
5 青红脆李 Green red crisp plum 云南省昭通市
6 酥李 Crisp plum 贵州省贵阳市
), ArticleFig(id=1171733842139332830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

李果实样品信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 样品名称 英文名称 产地
1 珠宝李 Candy red plum 智利
2 红李 Red plum 贵州省贵阳市
3 蜂糖李 Fengtang plum 贵州省镇宁县六马镇
4 江安李 Jiangan plum 四川省宜宾市
5 青红脆李 Green red crisp plum 云南省昭通市
6 酥李 Crisp plum 贵州省贵阳市
), ArticleFig(id=1171733842307104991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Gradient elution procedure for determination of organic acid components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0.0 97.5 2.5
11.0 97.5 2.5
11.1 0.0 100.0
15.0 0.0 100.0
15.1 97.5 2.5
18.0 97.5 2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1171733842533597408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

测定有机酸组分的梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0.0 97.5 2.5
11.0 97.5 2.5
11.1 0.0 100.0
15.0 0.0 100.0
15.1 97.5 2.5
18.0 97.5 2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1171733842764284129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Gradient elution procedure for determination of vitamin E

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0.0 12 88
2.0 12 88
16.0 97 97
18.0 12 88
20.0 12 88
), ArticleFig(id=1171733842864947426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

测定维生素E的梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0.0 12 88
2.0 12 88
16.0 97 97
18.0 12 88
20.0 12 88
), ArticleFig(id=1171733842940444899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Components and content of sugar in different Prunus salicina L. fruit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 珠宝李 红李 蜂糖李 江安李 青红脆李 酥李
果糖/(g/100 g) 3.19±0.21c 1.65±0.12a 2.49±0.10b 3.57±0.26c 3.40±0.24c 2.24±0.14ab
葡萄糖/(g/100 g) 3.51±0.31a 3.57±0.24a 4.73±0.37b 3.94±0.10ab 4.45±0.40ab 3.87±0.26ab
蔗糖/(g/100 g) 0.47±0.02b 2.01±0.12d 3.56±0.01e 0.43±0.04b 1.51±0.12c 未检出
麦芽糖/(g/100 g) 0.21±0.01c 0.15±0.00a 0.19±0.01c 0.16±0.01ab 0.19±0.01bc 0.27±0.01d
可溶性固形物/% 8.34±0.50a 10.72±0.76ab 13.90±1.03c 9.10±0.78a 12.01±1.00bc 9.29±0.02ab
总糖/(g/100 g) 8.30±0.51b 7.94±0.04b 11.92±0.09d 9.01±0.45bc 9.90±0.10c 6.70±0.23a
甜度值/(g/100 g) 8.58±0.61abc 7.45±0.50ab 11.29±0.45d 9.49±0.57bcd 10.64±0.82cd 6.73±0.43a
), ArticleFig(id=1171733843057885412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

李果果实糖组分与含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 珠宝李 红李 蜂糖李 江安李 青红脆李 酥李
果糖/(g/100 g) 3.19±0.21c 1.65±0.12a 2.49±0.10b 3.57±0.26c 3.40±0.24c 2.24±0.14ab
葡萄糖/(g/100 g) 3.51±0.31a 3.57±0.24a 4.73±0.37b 3.94±0.10ab 4.45±0.40ab 3.87±0.26ab
蔗糖/(g/100 g) 0.47±0.02b 2.01±0.12d 3.56±0.01e 0.43±0.04b 1.51±0.12c 未检出
麦芽糖/(g/100 g) 0.21±0.01c 0.15±0.00a 0.19±0.01c 0.16±0.01ab 0.19±0.01bc 0.27±0.01d
可溶性固形物/% 8.34±0.50a 10.72±0.76ab 13.90±1.03c 9.10±0.78a 12.01±1.00bc 9.29±0.02ab
总糖/(g/100 g) 8.30±0.51b 7.94±0.04b 11.92±0.09d 9.01±0.45bc 9.90±0.10c 6.70±0.23a
甜度值/(g/100 g) 8.58±0.61abc 7.45±0.50ab 11.29±0.45d 9.49±0.57bcd 10.64±0.82cd 6.73±0.43a
), ArticleFig(id=1171733843133382885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Composition and content of acid in different Prunus salicina L. fruit (g/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 珠宝李 红李 蜂糖李 江安李 青红脆李 酥李
苹果酸 10.14±0.72c 5.57±0.33a 6.52±0.09ab 5.25±0.24a 7.94±0.49b 5.36±0.41a
酒石酸 0.57±0.04d 0.60±0.00d 0.34±0.01b 0.21±0.01a 0.92±0.02e 0.44±0.01c
柠檬酸 0.14±0.01d 0.08±0.01bc 0.08±0.00bc 0.05±0.01a 0.11±0.01c 0.06±0.00b
总酸 12.57±0.91a 11.86±1.02a 16.00±1.22a 13.62±0.07a 21.94±1.55b 11.83±0.69a
), ArticleFig(id=1171733843213074662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

李果果实酸组成与含量(g/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 珠宝李 红李 蜂糖李 江安李 青红脆李 酥李
苹果酸 10.14±0.72c 5.57±0.33a 6.52±0.09ab 5.25±0.24a 7.94±0.49b 5.36±0.41a
酒石酸 0.57±0.04d 0.60±0.00d 0.34±0.01b 0.21±0.01a 0.92±0.02e 0.44±0.01c
柠檬酸 0.14±0.01d 0.08±0.01bc 0.08±0.00bc 0.05±0.01a 0.11±0.01c 0.06±0.00b
总酸 12.57±0.91a 11.86±1.02a 16.00±1.22a 13.62±0.07a 21.94±1.55b 11.83±0.69a
), ArticleFig(id=1171733843288572135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Content of 15 kinds of amino acids in different Prunus salicina L. fruit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 呈味 组分 氨基酸含量/(g/kg)
珠宝李 红李 蜂糖李 江安李 青红脆李 酥李
必需氨基酸 甜味 苏氨酸 0.26±0.01c 0.19±0.01b 0.17±0.01ab 0.16±0.01ab 0.14±0.00a 0.16±0.01ab
苦味 缬氨酸 0.25±0.02c 0.19±0.01b 0.16±0.01ab 0.16±0.01ab 0.14±0.01a 0.16±0.00ab
苦味 异亮氨酸 0.23±0.01c 0.18±0.02ab 0.15±0.00ab 0.16±0.00ab 0.14±0.01a 0.19±0.02c
苦味 亮氨酸 0.38±0.02c 0.28±0.02b 0.24±0.01ab 0.28±0.02b 0.19±0.01a 0.23±0.01b
苦味 苯丙氨酸 0.28±0.02c 0.19±0.01ab 0.17±0.00a 0.19±0.01ab 0.18±0.00ab 0.22±0.02b
苦味 赖氨酸 0.15±0.01d 0.05±0.00a 0.08±0.01b 0.09±0.01bc 0.11±0.01c 0.08±0.00b
非必需氨基酸 鲜味 天冬氨酸 3.84±0.12c 1.04±0.10a 2.03±0.16b 1.08±0.09a 1.95±0.11b 0.90±0.10a
甜味 丝氨酸 0.38±0.02c 0.24±0.01b 0.21±0.01ab 0.20±0.01ab 0.17±0.01a 0.19±0.01a
鲜味 谷氨酸 0.70±0.01e 0.54±0.00d 0.51±0.00c 0.46±0.01b 0.40±0.00a 0.46±0.01b
甜味 甘氨酸 0.22±0.02c 0.16±0.02b 0.13±0.01ab 0.14±0.01ab 0.11±0.01a 0.11±0.00a
甜味 丙氨酸 0.44±0.03d 0.27±0.03b 0.34±0.01c 0.16±0.01a 0.15±0.01a 0.16±0.01a
苦味 酪氨酸 0.20±0.00b 0.19±0.01b 0.14±0.01a 0.15±0.01b 0.13±0.01a 0.14±0.01a
苦味 组氨酸 0.37±0.02b 0.33±0.02b 0.22±0.02a 0.27±0.01a 0.22±0.01a 0.24±0.02a
苦味 精氨酸 0.24±0.01b 0.19±0.02ab 0.15±0.01ab 0.20±0.00ab 0.13±0.01a 0.13±0.01a
甜味 脯氨酸 1.24±0.08c 2.15±0.09d 0.86±0.06b 0.49±0.05a 3.45±0.17e 1.56±0.11c
游离氨基酸总量 9.18±0.85c 6.19±0.42ab 5.56±0.54a 4.19±0.37a 7.61±0.60bc 4.93±0.39a
苦味氨基酸占比/% 22.88 25.85 23.56 35.80 16.29 28.19
甜味氨基酸占比/% 27.67 48.63 30.76 27.45 52.83 44.22
鲜味氨基酸占比/% 49.46 25.53 45.68 36.75 30.88 27.59
), ArticleFig(id=1171733843372458216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

李果果实中的15种氨基酸含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 呈味 组分 氨基酸含量/(g/kg)
珠宝李 红李 蜂糖李 江安李 青红脆李 酥李
必需氨基酸 甜味 苏氨酸 0.26±0.01c 0.19±0.01b 0.17±0.01ab 0.16±0.01ab 0.14±0.00a 0.16±0.01ab
苦味 缬氨酸 0.25±0.02c 0.19±0.01b 0.16±0.01ab 0.16±0.01ab 0.14±0.01a 0.16±0.00ab
苦味 异亮氨酸 0.23±0.01c 0.18±0.02ab 0.15±0.00ab 0.16±0.00ab 0.14±0.01a 0.19±0.02c
苦味 亮氨酸 0.38±0.02c 0.28±0.02b 0.24±0.01ab 0.28±0.02b 0.19±0.01a 0.23±0.01b
苦味 苯丙氨酸 0.28±0.02c 0.19±0.01ab 0.17±0.00a 0.19±0.01ab 0.18±0.00ab 0.22±0.02b
苦味 赖氨酸 0.15±0.01d 0.05±0.00a 0.08±0.01b 0.09±0.01bc 0.11±0.01c 0.08±0.00b
非必需氨基酸 鲜味 天冬氨酸 3.84±0.12c 1.04±0.10a 2.03±0.16b 1.08±0.09a 1.95±0.11b 0.90±0.10a
甜味 丝氨酸 0.38±0.02c 0.24±0.01b 0.21±0.01ab 0.20±0.01ab 0.17±0.01a 0.19±0.01a
鲜味 谷氨酸 0.70±0.01e 0.54±0.00d 0.51±0.00c 0.46±0.01b 0.40±0.00a 0.46±0.01b
甜味 甘氨酸 0.22±0.02c 0.16±0.02b 0.13±0.01ab 0.14±0.01ab 0.11±0.01a 0.11±0.00a
甜味 丙氨酸 0.44±0.03d 0.27±0.03b 0.34±0.01c 0.16±0.01a 0.15±0.01a 0.16±0.01a
苦味 酪氨酸 0.20±0.00b 0.19±0.01b 0.14±0.01a 0.15±0.01b 0.13±0.01a 0.14±0.01a
苦味 组氨酸 0.37±0.02b 0.33±0.02b 0.22±0.02a 0.27±0.01a 0.22±0.01a 0.24±0.02a
苦味 精氨酸 0.24±0.01b 0.19±0.02ab 0.15±0.01ab 0.20±0.00ab 0.13±0.01a 0.13±0.01a
甜味 脯氨酸 1.24±0.08c 2.15±0.09d 0.86±0.06b 0.49±0.05a 3.45±0.17e 1.56±0.11c
游离氨基酸总量 9.18±0.85c 6.19±0.42ab 5.56±0.54a 4.19±0.37a 7.61±0.60bc 4.93±0.39a
苦味氨基酸占比/% 22.88 25.85 23.56 35.80 16.29 28.19
甜味氨基酸占比/% 27.67 48.63 30.76 27.45 52.83 44.22
鲜味氨基酸占比/% 49.46 25.53 45.68 36.75 30.88 27.59
), ArticleFig(id=1171733843456344297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Content of vitamin E and vitamin C in different Prunus salicina L. fruit (mg/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 珠宝李 红李 蜂糖李 江安李 青红脆李 酥李
维生素E 1.21±
0.11b
2.25±
0.09c
0.93±
0.05a
1.24±
0.06b
0.93±
0.08a
0.90±
0.01a
维生素C 1.21±
0.08a
3.47±
0.15b
4.15±
0.20b
9.99±
0.64c
19.10±
0.32d
0.56±
0.07a
), ArticleFig(id=1171733843506675946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433750231830630, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

李果果实中维生素E和维生素C含量(mg/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 珠宝李 红李 蜂糖李 江安李 青红脆李 酥李
维生素E 1.21±
0.11b
2.25±
0.09c
0.93±
0.05a
1.24±
0.06b
0.93±
0.08a
0.90±
0.01a
维生素C 1.21±
0.08a
3.47±
0.15b
4.15±
0.20b
9.99±
0.64c
19.10±
0.32d
0.56±
0.07a
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6个品种李果实品质差异性分析
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杨路宽 1, 2 , 李红洲 3 , 王振兴 1, * , 邵飞龙 3, * , 王焕琦 3
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(8): 267-275
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(8): 267-275
6个品种李果实品质差异性分析
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杨路宽1, 2 , 李红洲3, 王振兴1, * , 邵飞龙3, * , 王焕琦3
作者信息
  • 1.西南林业大学生物与食品工程学院, 昆明 650224
  • 2.贵州省食品检验检测院, 贵阳 550004
  • 3.贵州省产品质量检验检测院, 贵阳 550014
  • 杨路宽(1991—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与分析检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王振兴(1982—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为森林食品资源的开发利用。E-mail:
邵飞龙(1986—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与分析检测。E-mail:
Analysis of fruit quality differences among 6 kinds of Prunus salicina L. varieties
Lu-Kuan YANG1, 2 , Hong-Zhou LI3, Zhen-Xing WANG1, * , Fei-Long SHAO3, * , Huan-Qi WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Biological and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry Universily, Kunming 650224, China
  • 2. Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food Inspection, Guiyang 550004, China
  • 3. Institution of Inspection and Testing Product Quality of Guizhou Provice, Guiyang 550014, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250130001
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目的 探寻蜂糖李、珠宝李、红李、江安李、青红脆李和酥李6个不同品种李果实之间品质的特征和差异性。方法 利用液相色谱法、氨基酸分析仪法、分光光度法以及滴定法等方法分析李果实中的营养成分并进行了不同李果实的品质分析。结果 李果实的可溶性糖含量主要由果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖组成, 其中葡萄糖含量最高, 其次是果糖或蔗糖; 蜂糖李的可溶性糖总量、总糖含量、可溶性固形物、甜度值和糖酸比均显著高于其他品种, 这可能是其口感更甜的主要原因; 有机酸方面, 苹果酸是主要的有机酸, 占总量的88%以上, 其中珠宝李的苹果酸含量最高, 青红脆李的总酸含量最高; 氨基酸分析显示, 天冬氨酸和脯氨酸含量较高, 珠宝李的游离氨基酸总量最高; 总黄酮和维生素C含量最高的为青红脆李, 而维生素E含量最高的为红李。结论 6个李品种李果实品质具有显著性差异, 本研究为不同李果的品质资源利用和李水果精品战略提供了理论依据和实践指导。

李果实  /  品种  /  品质  /  差异性分析

Objective To explore the quality characteristics and differences among the fruits of 6 kinds of different Prunus salicina L. varieties: Fengtang plum, Candy red plum, Red plum, Jiangan plum, Green red crisp plum and Crisp plum, Qinghong Cuili, and Suli. Methods The nutritional components of Prunus salicina L. fruits were analyzed using liquid chromatography, amino acid analyzer, spectrophotometry, and titration methods, and a quality analysis of different Prunus salicina L. varieties was conducted. Results The study found that the soluble sugar content in Prunus salicina L. fruits was primarily composed of fructose, glucose, and sucrose, with glucose being the highest, followed by fructose or sucrose. The total soluble sugar content, total sugar content, soluble solids, sweetness value, and sugar-acid ratio of Fengtang plum were significantly higher than those of other varieties, which might be the main reason for its sweeter taste. In terms of organic acids, malic acid was the predominant organic acid, accounting for more than 88% of the total, with Candy red plum having the highest malic acid content and Green red crisp plum having the highest total acid content. Amino acid analysis revealed that aspartic acid and proline levels were relatively high, and Candy red plum had the highest total free amino acid content. Green red crisp plum had the highest levels of total flavonoids and vitamin C, while Red plum had the highest vitamin E content. Conclusion The fruit qualities of the 6 plum varieties showes significant differences. This study provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the utilization of quality resources of different plum varieties and the premium strategy for Prunus salicina L. fruits.

Prunus salicina L. fruits  /  variety  /  quality  /  differences analysis
杨路宽, 李红洲, 王振兴, 邵飞龙, 王焕琦. 6个品种李果实品质差异性分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (8) : 267 -275 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250130001
Lu-Kuan YANG, Hong-Zhou LI, Zhen-Xing WANG, Fei-Long SHAO, Huan-Qi WANG. Analysis of fruit quality differences among 6 kinds of Prunus salicina L. varieties[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (8) : 267 -275 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250130001
李(Prunus salicina L.)作为一种深受大众喜爱的水果, 在全球范围内广泛种植。我国李产量位居世界第一, 李产业拉动了农业经济增长, 促进农民了就业, 在乡村振兴的伟大征程中扮演着举足轻重的角色。李果实富含多种矿物质、有机酸、多酚类、维生素、香气成分以及多种人体必需氨基酸等物质[1-5], 这些成分对维持人体健康起着不可或缺的作用, 赋予了李果实极高的营养价值[4-8]。在李果实品质研究领域, 过往已有众多学者开展了广泛且深入的探索。针对蜂糖李, 已有张琴等[9]详细分析了其在贵州原产地及周边引种地区的生长特性与果实品质差异, 发现不同地区的土壤类型、光照时长和环境温度等因素, 会显著影响蜂糖李的风味物质的积累。针对脆李, 有研究通过分析不同地区脆李的果实品质差异[10-11], 为区域化种植布局提供了参考。也有研究分析了不同地区种植的奈李果实外观品质和营养成分差异性, 发现地方气候、光照、施肥条件、管理水平、土壤营养及其酸碱度等可能是影响奈李果实品质的因素[12]。周丹榕等[13]对芙蓉李的研究则表明, 不同生态条件下的芙蓉李品质存在明显差异, 各矿质营养对品质指标的影响存在一定差异, 对不同品质指标直接贡献的元素和作用大小各不相同。
然而, 目前鲜少有针对蜂糖李、珠宝李、红李、江安李、青红脆李和酥李这6个品种在多个地区的综合对比研究。鉴于此, 本研究聚焦市场上较为畅销的蜂糖李、珠宝李、红李、江安李、青红脆李和酥李这6个品种, 通过对其可溶性糖、总糖(以葡萄糖计)、可溶性固形物、有机酸、总酸、游离氨基酸、总黄酮、维生素E、维生素C等组分含量的测定, 旨在揭示不同地区种植环境对李果实品质的影响, 可为不同李果的品质资源利用, 李果品种的科学选育和实践指导。
李果样品: 将李果洗净自然晾干后去除柄、核等非食用部分, 用匀浆处理后, 密封, -20 ℃保存。所有样品均在果实成熟期(6月底至7月底)进行采样, 确保果实成熟度一致。李果实样品详细信息如表1所示。
盐酸、苯酚、柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液、磷酸二氢钾、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(分析纯, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 甲醇、甲酸、乙酸铵、无水乙醇(色谱纯, 德国默克公司); 甲基叔丁基醚(色谱纯, 上海迈瑞尔生化科技有限公司); 抗坏血酸(分析纯, 上海易恩化学技术有限公司); 超纯水(自制); 果糖(CAS: 57-48-7, 纯度99.7%)、葡萄糖(CAS: 50-99-7, 纯度99.7%)、蔗糖(CAS: 57-50-7, 纯度99.7%)、麦芽糖(CAS: 69-79-4, 纯度99.1%)(中国计量科学研究院); 酒石酸(CAS: 87-69-4, 质量浓度1 mg/mL)、苹果酸(CAS: 636-61-3, 纯度99.3%)、柠檬酸(CAS:77-92-9, 纯度: 99.7%)、富马酸(CAS:110-17-8, 纯度99.9%)、丁二酸(CAS: 110-15-6, 纯度99.7%)、芦丁水合物(CAS: 207671-50-9, 纯度96.1%)、DL-α-生育酚(CAS: 10191-41-0, 纯度96.1%)(天津坛墨质检科技股份有限公司); (±)-β-生育酚(CAS: 148-03-8, 纯度98%)、L(+)抗坏血酸(CAS: 50-81-7, 纯度99.76%)、D(-)抗坏血酸(CAS: 89-65-6, 纯度99.4%)(天津阿尔塔科技有限公司); γ-生育酚(CAS: 54-28-4, 纯度95%, 加拿大TRC公司); δ-生育酚(CAS: 119-13-1, 纯度94.5%, 上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司); 16种氨基酸混合标准溶液(浓度2.50 μmol/mL, 日本WAKO公司)。
1260型液相色谱仪(配紫外检测器和示差检测器, 美国安捷伦科技有限公司); 30+型氨基酸分析仪、磺酸型阳离子树脂色谱柱(4.6 mm×200 mm)(英国百康公司); UV-26001型紫外可见分光光度计(日本岛津仪器有限公司); EASY R40型数字式折光率仪、ME204E/02型电子天平(精度0.0001 g)、ME2002E型电子天平(精度0.01 g)、S210-K型酸度计(瑞士梅特勒托利多仪器有限公司); DK-98-Ⅱ型电热恒温水浴锅(天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司); SB25-12DTS型超声波清洗机(宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司); GR60DA型高压灭菌锅(厦门致微仪器有限公司); SW22型恒温水浴振荡器(丹麦福斯分析仪器公司); EV400VAC型旋转蒸发仪(北京莱伯泰科仪器股份有限公司); Multi Reax型振荡器(德国Heidolph公司); VCK-25R型高速冷冻离心机(南迈克尔实验仪器有限公司); DW-25L400型低温冰箱(山东澳柯玛集团公司); Milli-Q Academic型超纯水系统(理博中国有限公司); HM300型刀式研磨仪(北京格瑞德曼仪器设备有限公司); TufboVap LV型自动氮吹仪(拜泰齐贸易有限公司); Orignal 70A NH2色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)、C30色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 2.6 μm)、C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)、Organic Acid色谱柱(250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5 μm)(美国安捷伦科技有限公司)。
称取10.00 g试样于100 mL容量瓶中, 加水50 mL, 超声提取30 min, 冷却至室温, 用水定容至刻度, 经0.22 μm水相滤膜过滤, 待测。空白试验: 除不加试样外, 其余步骤与试样处理步骤相同。
采用带有示差检测器的高效液相色谱仪进行测定。选用Orignal 70A NH2色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)进行分析。柱温、进样量、流速和检测器温度分别是40 ℃、20 μL、1.0 mL/min和40 ℃。等度洗脱, 流动相是乙腈:水=70:30 (V:V)。
参照GB 5009.8—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖的测定》(第一法)计算果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖的含量。
参照GB 5009.8—2023(第三法)进行处理。试样中的蔗糖经盐酸水解转化为还原糖后, 再测定样液中的还原糖(转化糖)含量, 试样中还原糖的含量即为总糖(以葡萄糖计)的含量。
根据下述公式(1)进行6种李果中甜度的计算:
$甜度 = 蔗糖含量 \times 1.00+ 果糖含量 \times 1.75+ 葡萄糖含量 \times 0.70+ 麦芽糖含量 \times 0.35 \ldots $
式中: 1.00、1.75、0.70、0.35分别为蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖的甜度系数[14], 各组分含量单位为g/100 g。
参照GB/T 12143—2008《饮料通用分析方法》中半黏稠制品(果浆, 菜浆类), 测定李果实中可溶性固形物的含量。
称取5.00 g试样于25 mL容量瓶中, 超声提取20 min, 用水定容至刻度, 摇匀后经0.22 μm水相滤膜过滤, 待测。
采用带有紫外检测器的1260型液相色谱仪进行有机酸检测。使用Organic Acid色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)进行有机酸的分离。柱温、进样量、检测波长和流速分别是40 ℃、20 μL、210 nm、1.0 mL/min。流动相A: 0.1%磷酸, 流动相B: 甲醇。梯度洗脱条件见表2。参照GB 5009.157— 2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中有机酸的测定》, 使用标准曲线方程计算苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸的含量。
参照GB 12456—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中总酸的测定》(第二法)测定总酸含量, 使用标准曲线方程方法, 计算总酸(以柠檬酸计)含量。
采用公式(2)计算6种李果中的糖酸比:
$\text { 糖酸比 }=\frac{\text { 总糖 } \times 10}{\text { 总酸 }}$
式中: 10为总糖(g/100 g, 以葡萄糖计)和总酸(g/kg)的单位换算系数。
参照GB 5009.124—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》进行样品处理。准确称取1.0000 g试样于水解管中, 在水解管内加10 mL 6 mol/L盐酸溶液, 加入苯酚3~4滴。将水解管放入冰箱中冷冻5 min, 然后充入氮气, 在充氮气状态下拧紧瓶盖。将已封口的水解管放在110 ℃的电热鼓风恒温箱内水解22 h后取出, 冷却至室温。打开水解管, 将水解液过滤至50 mL容量瓶内, 用少量水多次冲洗水解管, 水洗液移入同一50 mL容量瓶中, 最后用水定容至刻度, 振荡混匀, 过滤。准确吸取1.0 mL滤液移入到15 mL试管内, 在氮吹仪中45 ℃加热吹干, 残留物用1 mL水溶解, 再氮吹、加热至蒸干。加入1.0 mL pH=2.2的柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液溶解残留物, 振荡混匀后, 溶液过0.22 μm滤膜后, 转移至仪器进样瓶, 供30+型氨基酸分析仪测定。
选用磺酸型阳离子树脂4.6 mm×200 mm的色谱柱进行氨基酸分离。进样量是20 μL; 检测波长分别是570 nm和440 nm。采用公式(3)进行6种李果中氨基酸含量的计算:
$X=\frac{C\times V\times W}{m\times {{V}_{1}}}$
式中: X为试样中各氨基酸组分的含量, g/100 g; C为试样溶液中各氨基酸组分浓度, ng/mL; V为试样定容体积, 50 mL; W为单位换算系数, 0.0001; m为试样称样量, g; V1为进样量, 20 μL。以标准曲线方法计算样品中氨基酸含量。
参照SN/T 4592—2016《进出口食品中总黄酮的测定》测定总黄酮含量和计算。
参照GB 5009.82—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中维生素A、D、E的测定》(第一法)进行样品制备。
采用带有紫外检测器的1260型液相色谱进行6种李果中维生素E的检测。选用C30色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 2.6 μm)进行分离; 柱温、进样量、检测波长和流速分别是25 ℃、10 μL、294 nm和0.5 mL/min; 流动相A和B分别是水和甲醇。流梯度洗脱条件见表3。参照GB 5009.82— 2016(第一法)中第6条计算维生素E[以α-生育酚当量(alpha tocopherol, α-TE)表示]的含量。
参照GB 5009.86—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中抗坏血酸的测定》(第一法)进行样品前处理。
使用带有紫外检测器的液相色谱进行6种李果中维生素C的测定。采用C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)进行分离; 柱温、进样量、检测波长和流速分别是25 ℃、20 μL、245 nm和0.7 mL/min。等度洗脱。流动相A: 6.8 g磷酸二氢钾和0.91 g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵, 用水溶解并定容至1 L(用磷酸调pH至2.5~2.8), 流动相B: 100%甲醇, A:B=98:2 (V:V)。
参照GB 5009.86—2016(第一法)中计算L(+)-抗坏血酸和D(-)-抗坏血酸的含量。
每组试验重复3次, 结果以3次测定数据的算术平均值表示。利用SPSS 25, Origin 2021软件对数据进行统计处理和相关性分析。
糖组分和可溶性固形物是评价水果品质的两个重要指标, 反映了水果的甜度、风味成熟度及营养价值, 研究李果的糖组分和可溶性固形物有助于指导品种改良与加工和用于采收决策和市场分级。李果实中糖组分、可溶性固形物及甜度测定结果如表4所示, 不同品种李果实中糖组分含量、可溶性固形物含量及甜度值存在显著差异(P<0.05)。可溶性糖组分含量范围分别为果糖1.65~3.57 g/100 g、葡萄糖3.51~4.73 g/100 g、蔗糖未检出~3.56 g/100 g、麦芽糖0.15~0.27 g/100 g; 可溶性糖以果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖为主, 三者含量之和最高的是蜂糖李; 李果中单糖含量最高的是葡萄糖, 其次为果糖或者蔗糖; 可溶性固形物含量在8.34~13.90 g/100 g之间, 最大值为蜂糖李, 最小值为珠宝李; 总糖含量在6.70~11.92 g/100 g之间, 蜂糖李总糖含量最高, 酥李总糖含量最低; 甜度值含量在6.73~11.29之间, 含量最高为蜂糖李, 最低为酥李。
有机酸会影响李果实的风味平衡、酸度值, 成熟度和适口性, 从而改变果实的口感[15]。如表5数据可知, 李果中的苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸3种有机酸含量总和均在5 g/kg以上(富马酸和丁二酸未检出), 不同品种李果中的有机酸和总酸含量差异性显著(P<0.05); 苹果酸是李果中含量最高的有机酸, 含量范围在5.25~10.14 g/kg之间, 占有机酸总量的88%以上, 其次是酒石酸, 苹果酸含量约为酒石酸含量的8~24倍, 柠檬酸含量相对较低, 检出值低于0.2 g/kg。李果总酸含量范围在11.83~21.94 g/kg之间, 青红脆李总酸含量最高, 酥李总酸含量最低。
水果中的糖酸比主要用于评价其风味平衡与品质, 研究李果中的糖酸比有助于判断李果品质和识别不种种类李果对不同人群的偏好性, 这对于研究李果的消费和加工及深加工有重要的意义。如图1所示, 6个不同品种李果实糖酸比差异显著(P<0.05), 范围在4.54~7.50之间, 平均值为6.42, 其中蜂糖李最高, 其次为江安李, 青红脆李最低。在实际的口感评价中, 蜂糖李和江安李偏甜, 而青红脆李偏酸, 其他品种处于二者之间, 感官评价结果与糖酸比结果基本一致。
李果中的可溶性糖组分、可溶性固形物、总糖、甜度值和糖酸比之间的相关性可评价他们间的相互关联程度(图2), 结果显示葡萄糖与可溶性固形物、甜度值, 蔗糖与可溶性固形物, 总糖与可溶性固形物、甜度值呈高度正相关, 相关系数分别是0.85、0.82、0.93、0.81和0.95。
氨基酸类物质是人体不可缺少的营养成分, 是评价果实营养价值和果实风味的重要品质指标。在本研究的6个不同品种李果实中, 共检出6种必需氨基酸和9种非必需氨基酸, 李果实氨基酸组分色谱图如图3(其中脯氨酸为检测器2, 其他物质为检测器1)所示。
李果果实中氨基酸含量如表6所示, 不同李果果实中游离氨基酸总量范围在4.19~9.18 g/kg之间, 差异较为显著。呈味氨基酸是水果风味品质的分子基础, 揭示着水果的品种特性, 是加工贮藏的把控点, 更是市场价值与消费科学的纽带。一般来说, 鲜味氨基酸谷氨酸、天冬氨酸可以提升水果的提升醇厚度与鲜甜感, 甘氨酸、丙氨酸等甜味氨基酸具有甜味协调的作用, 精氨酸、亮氨酸等枯萎氨基酸可以增加风味复杂度。不同李果中非必需氨基酸天冬氨酸和脯氨酸含量最高, 这可能是不同李果中共同的品质特征。鲜味氨基酸在珠宝李, 蜂糖李中占比较高, 甜味氨基酸在红李、青红脆李和酥李中占比较大, 苦味氨基酸仅在江安李中占比较大。
水果中的总黄酮具有抗氧化, 增强抗炎和对免疫在调节作用。呈苦味, 涩味或者是与糖酸协同形成复杂的风味。李果中总黄酮含量如图4所示, 总黄酮含量在0.04%~0.19%之间, 含量最高的是青红脆李, 最低为江安李。
对6个不同品种李果的维生素E和维生素C含量进行测定分析, 结果如表7所示。6种李果实的维生素E含量和维生素C含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 维生素E和维生素C含量范围分别为0.90~2.25 mg/100 g(以α-TE计)、0.56~19.10 mg/100 g, 维生素E含量最高的是红李, 最低的是酥李; 维生素C含量最高的是青红脆李19.10 mg/100 g。
李果实的可溶性糖含量决定了果实的甜度。在本研究中, 李果实中可溶性糖以果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖为主, 这与刘硕等[16]研究的结果一致。单糖含量最高的是葡萄糖, 其次为果糖或者蔗糖, 这与文献[17]中研究结果蜂糖李“以蔗糖含量最高”存在一定差异, 这有可能是产地或采摘时期差异导致含糖量高低顺序不一致的原因。蜂糖李的可溶性糖组分含量之和、总糖含量以及甜度值均明显高于其他5个品种李果, 且有相对较低的总黄酮和苦味氨基酸占比, 这是可能是蜂糖李吃起来比其他5个品种李果更甜口感更好的原因。可溶性固形物是果实营养品质的重要指标, 6个不同品种李果实中可溶性固形物含量最高的为蜂糖李, 最小值为珠宝李, 珠宝李、红李、江安李和酥李可溶性固形物含量均低于姜翠翠等[18]研究的8个李品种果实, 这可能是因为早熟李的可溶性固形物含量往往低于晚熟和中熟李品种可溶性固形物含量的原因[19]
6个不同品种李果实中的有机酸和总酸含量差异性显著(P<0.05)。李果实的有机酸均以苹果酸为主, 占有机酸总量的88%以上, 其次是酒石酸, 柠檬酸含量较低, 这一结果与巫伟峰等[20]研究的4个李品种果实中有机酸含量结果相一致。不同品种李果实的总酸平均值为14.6 g/kg, 高于杜改改等[21]研究的杏李品种平均值8.57 g/kg。
酸甜度是果实品质感官的重要性指标, 而果实的酸甜度很大程度上取决于糖和酸的含量[22]。本研究中6个不同品种李果实糖酸比的范围在4.54~7.50之间, 其中蜂糖李最高。根据6种李果中的可溶性糖组分、可溶性固形物、总糖、甜度值和糖酸比之间的相关性分析结果可知, 果糖与甜度显著正相关, 葡萄糖与可溶性固形物、甜度值显著正相关, 蔗糖与可溶性固形物、甜度值、糖酸比显著正相关, 总糖与可溶性固形物、甜度值、糖酸比显著正相关。
6个品种李果实中的氨基酸组分含量差异显著(P<0.05), 其中天冬氨酸、脯氨酸含量较高。崇慧影等[23]研究的九阡李, 在果实发育75 d后, 天冬酰胺和脯氨酸含量较高; 李刚凤等[24]研究的沙子空心李果实中, 天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量较高; 师建华等[25]研究的6种欧李果实中, 天冬酰胺和谷氨酸含量较高; 陈守一等[26]研究了12种贵州晚熟李, 含量排名靠前的依次为天冬酰胺、脯氨酸和谷氨酸, 该结果与本研究结果相类似。李果实中游离氨基酸总量最高的是珠宝李, 6个品种李果实中的游离氨基酸总量高于罗昌国等[27]研究的冰脆李。
总黄酮广泛存在于植物界, 是许多中草药的有效成分, 具有多种生物活性[28]。本研究中的6种李果实总黄酮含量在0.04%~0.19%之间, 低于莫愁[29]研究的欧李品种中总黄酮含量范围0.528%~1.087%。维生素E含量和维生素C含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 维生素E含量最高的是红李, 最低的是酥李; 维生素C含量最高的是青红脆李19.10 mg/100 g, 该含量值比成熟期的大石早生、龙园秋李、黑宝石和安哥诺4个李品种的维生素C含量高[30]
蜂糖李、珠宝李、红李、江安李、青红脆李和酥李6个不同品种李果实的可溶性糖、总糖(以葡萄糖计)、甜度值、可溶性固形物、有机酸、总酸、糖酸比、游离氨基酸、总黄酮、维生素E、维生素C组分含量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。李果实中的可溶性糖以果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖为主, 单一组分含量最高的为葡萄糖, 其次为果糖或者蔗糖; 李果实中的有机酸以苹果酸为主, 占有机酸总量的88%以上, 其中珠宝李的苹果酸含量最高, 青红脆李总酸含量最高; 蜂糖李的可溶性糖组分含量总和、总糖、甜度值以及糖酸比均明显高于其他5个品种李果; 李果实中共检出15种氨基酸, 以非必需氨基酸为主, 其中天冬氨酸、脯氨酸含量较高, 游离氨基酸总量最高的为珠宝李; 总黄酮、维生素C含量最高的为青红脆李; 维生素E含量最高的为红李。本研究通过分析比较不同品种李果实的品质差异, 可为不同李果的品质资源利用, 李水果精品战略提供理论依据。
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2025年第16卷第8期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250130001
  • 接收时间:2025-01-30
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-30
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    1.西南林业大学生物与食品工程学院, 昆明 650224
    2.贵州省食品检验检测院, 贵阳 550004
    3.贵州省产品质量检验检测院, 贵阳 550014

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* 王振兴(1982—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为森林食品资源的开发利用。E-mail:
邵飞龙(1986—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与分析检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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