Article(id=1153433749317472334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735574400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929635600, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929635600, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929635600, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929635600, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433737141412332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929632696, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757293087150, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1171735391666225233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1171735391666225234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=253, endPage=260, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433749934035036, articleId=1153433749317472334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Study on the effects of different processing methods on the quality of Triticum aestivum L. germ, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effects of 3 kinds of different thermal processing methods on the quality of Triticum aestivum L. germ. Methods Fresh Triticum aestivum L. germ was used as the test material, and dry heat, microwave and moist heat methods were used to treat Triticum aestivum L. germ to analyze the effects of different thermal processing methods on the nutritional quality and oil quality of Triticum aestivum L. germ. Results There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in fatty acid composition among 3 kinds of thermal processing methods, and ash, fat, protein and mineral contents on a dry basis were essentially unchanged. Compared with fresh Triticum aestivum L. germ, dry heat and microwave methods decreased water content, vitamin E content (dry basis) and amino acid content (dry basis); moist heat method increased in water content, decreased in vitamin E content (dry basis) and no significant difference (P>0.05) in amino acid content (dry basis) content. Acid value and free fatty acid content increased and peroxide content decreased in the dry heat method; the acid value and free fatty acid content of microwave method and moist heat method were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the content of peroxide value significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Moist heat method helps to protect the quality of Triticum aestivum L., can better improve the storage stability of Triticum aestivum L. germ, and provides a basis for further high-value processing and utilization of Triticum aestivum L. germ and the development of functional components.

, correspAuthors=Ying LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chao-Jie OU, Ying LIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433785459789950, articleId=1153433749317472334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=不同加工方式对小麦胚芽品质的影响研究, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究3种不同热加工方式对小麦胚芽品质的影响。方法 以新鲜小麦胚芽为实验材料, 采用干热法、微波法和湿热法对小麦胚芽进行处理, 分析不同热加工方式对小麦胚芽营养品质及油脂品质的影响。结果 3种热加工方式对脂肪酸组成均无显著性差异(P>0.05), 以干基计的灰分、脂肪、蛋白质和矿物质含量基本不变。与新鲜麦胚相比, 干热法和微波法含水量、维生素E含量(以干基计)和氨基酸含量(以干基计)下降; 湿热法含水量上升, 维生素E含量(以干基计)下降, 氨基酸含量(以干基计)含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。干热法酸价、游离脂肪酸含量上升, 过氧化值含量降低; 微波法和湿热法的酸价和游离脂肪酸含量显著降低(P<0.05), 过氧化值含量显著上升(P<0.05)。结论 湿热法有助于保护小麦品质, 可以更好地提高小麦胚芽贮藏稳定性, 为小麦胚芽进一步的高值化加工利用和功能性成分的开发提供依据。

, correspAuthors=林莹, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 林莹(1971—), 女, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为食品加工。E-mail:
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欧朝接(1992—), 男, 硕士研究生, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品加工与安全。E-mail:

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Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 2015, 7(4): 517-520., articleTitle=Effect of heating process on oil yield and fatty acid composition of wheat germ, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1171734022637011900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=41, issue=5, pageStart=39, pageEnd=44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=45, authorNames=李进伟, 骞李鸽, 刘元法, journalName=中国油脂, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李进伟, 骞李鸽, 刘元法. 小麦胚芽微波稳定化及其对小麦胚芽油品质的影响[J]. 中国油脂, 2016, 41(5): 39-44., articleTitle=小麦胚芽微波稳定化及其对小麦胚芽油品质的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1171734022704120765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=41, issue=5, pageStart=39, pageEnd=44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=46, authorNames=LI JW, QIAN LG, LIU YF, journalName=China Oils and Fats, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI JW, QIAN LG, LIU YF. Microwave stabilization of wheat germ and its effects on quality of wheat germ oil[J]. China Oils and Fats, 2016, 41(5): 39-44., articleTitle=Microwave stabilization of wheat germ and its effects on quality of wheat germ oil, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1171734019252208525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, awardId=202400235, language=CN, fundingSource=2024广西农产品精深加工产业科技先锋队项目(202400235), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1171734019327705998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, awardId=2022ACZ05, language=CN, fundingSource=广西壮族自治区直属公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2022ACZ05), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1171734015422808920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171734015431197529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, companyId=1171734015422808920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171734015439586138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, companyId=1171734015422808920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广西大学轻工与食品工程学院, 南宁 530004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1171734015494112091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171734015498306396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, companyId=1171734015494112091, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Guangxi Zhuang Autonmous Reion Center for Analysis and Test Research, Nanning 530022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171734015506695005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, companyId=1171734015494112091, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广西壮族自治区分析测试研究中心, 南宁 530022)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1171734016685294449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of different processing methods on water content, figureFileSmall=jxwMa3ydDG62AH2MA+plVw==, figureFileBig=lJ7C2YQz3um5jNBVQBmDag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734016744014706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同加工方式对含水量的影响

注: 不同字母表示组间具有显著性差异, P<0.05, 下同。

, figureFileSmall=jxwMa3ydDG62AH2MA+plVw==, figureFileBig=lJ7C2YQz3um5jNBVQBmDag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734016802734963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different processing methods on ash, fat, protein, figureFileSmall=FVBcSUgoV6n6vRtfo0+fXg==, figureFileBig=vFxejlPUmGjRWnCvycu0HQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734016945341300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同加工方式对灰分、脂肪、蛋白质的影响, figureFileSmall=FVBcSUgoV6n6vRtfo0+fXg==, figureFileBig=vFxejlPUmGjRWnCvycu0HQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734017012450165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different processing methods on vitamin E, figureFileSmall=PyWMQ/wcay2Qd6iSzjS2Rw==, figureFileBig=WQ3qgkLuc/zjofWP8xB34w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734017075364726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同加工方式对维生素E的影响, figureFileSmall=PyWMQ/wcay2Qd6iSzjS2Rw==, figureFileBig=WQ3qgkLuc/zjofWP8xB34w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734017226359671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of different processing methods on acid value, figureFileSmall=y+6foTMaeJ0FZByuZQvg2A==, figureFileBig=dDwztdiTqQkDY/cuLQvXnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734017293468536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同加工方式对酸价的影响, figureFileSmall=y+6foTMaeJ0FZByuZQvg2A==, figureFileBig=dDwztdiTqQkDY/cuLQvXnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734017377354617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of different processing methods on peroxide value, figureFileSmall=yDr1BsHcRGACu2VyRMr2ig==, figureFileBig=yIwMMTemORK4C6T6aXsq4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734017507378042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同加工方式对过氧化值的影响, figureFileSmall=yDr1BsHcRGACu2VyRMr2ig==, figureFileBig=yIwMMTemORK4C6T6aXsq4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734017574486907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of different processing methods on free fatty acids, figureFileSmall=yJt+0kDRQqGdsjz4dxUb1w==, figureFileBig=Tf/6WVRdvTJF48DTEpJpig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734017675150204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同加工方式对游离脂肪酸的影响, figureFileSmall=yJt+0kDRQqGdsjz4dxUb1w==, figureFileBig=Tf/6WVRdvTJF48DTEpJpig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734017838728061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Changes of ash content after different processing methods, figureFileSmall=EZR1GtrMMqarL1XabkUmtQ==, figureFileBig=ffqvDWZsxCSNPqJ8NoWMxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734017943585662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同加工方式处理后灰分含量的变化, figureFileSmall=EZR1GtrMMqarL1XabkUmtQ==, figureFileBig=ffqvDWZsxCSNPqJ8NoWMxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734018023277439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Changes of fat content after different processing methods, figureFileSmall=HoYxPLTWtUK+vf4cOg+1LQ==, figureFileBig=Izna5dWejuy06JS+tozRaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734018102969216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同加工方式处理后脂肪含量的变化, figureFileSmall=HoYxPLTWtUK+vf4cOg+1LQ==, figureFileBig=Izna5dWejuy06JS+tozRaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734018199438209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Changes of protein content after different processing methods, figureFileSmall=7XtGXW8mA1L4jhmzHmAeBg==, figureFileBig=+5PZwkA3024UGymVuEe2uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734018287518594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同加工方式处理后蛋白质含量的变化, figureFileSmall=7XtGXW8mA1L4jhmzHmAeBg==, figureFileBig=+5PZwkA3024UGymVuEe2uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734018350433155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Changes of vitamin E content after different processing methods, figureFileSmall=qHQdblcQvgIyiTmIFbf7fw==, figureFileBig=L16pnO1pFYDa6kckfZKXkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734018409153412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同加工方式处理后维生素E含量的变化, figureFileSmall=qHQdblcQvgIyiTmIFbf7fw==, figureFileBig=L16pnO1pFYDa6kckfZKXkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734018480456581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of different processing methods on amino acids (g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 生胚(原样) 干热法 微波法 湿热法
天门冬
氨酸
2.33±0.02a 2.31±0.04a 2.04±0.02b 1.99±0.04b
苏氨酸 1.09±0.02a 1.08±0.02a 0.96±0.02b 0.93±0.02b
丝氨酸 1.11±0.03a 1.07±0.03a 0.98±0.02b 0.93±0.03b
谷氨酸 3.60±0.04a 3.55±0.03a 3.21±0.02b 3.08±0.04c
脯氨酸 1.26±0.05a 1.22±0.05a 1.09±0.05b 1.10±0.03b
甘氨酸 1.55±0.04a 1.55±0.03a 1.37±0.02b 1.34±0.04b
丙氨酸 1.69±0.03a 1.65±0.02a 1.47±0.03b 1.45±0.04b
缬氨酸 1.33±0.04a 1.32±0.01a 1.16±0.03b 1.16±0.04b
蛋氨酸 0.32±0.01a 0.30±0.02ab 0.28±0.02b 0.29±0.02b
异亮氨酸 0.89±0.02a 0.87±0.02a 0.77±0.02b 0.78±0.01b
亮氨酸 1.72±0.03a 1.71±0.03a 1.50±0.02b 1.46±0.02b
酪氨酸 0.69±0.02a 0.68±0.01a 0.63±0.02b 0.57±0.02c
苯丙氨酸 1.04±0.04a 1.01±0.03a 0.88±0.02b 0.88±0.02b
赖氨酸 1.83±0.04a 1.82±0.02a 1.57±0.03b 1.61±0.03b
组氨酸 0.70±0.02a 0.68±0.01a 0.61±0.02b 0.60±0.02b
精氨酸 2.11±0.03a 2.06±0.04a 1.85±0.03b 1.77±0.04c
氨基酸
总量
23.26±0.38a 22.89±0.13a 20.36±0.22b 19.95±0.31b
), ArticleFig(id=1171734018560148358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同加工方式对氨基酸的影响(g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 生胚(原样) 干热法 微波法 湿热法
天门冬
氨酸
2.33±0.02a 2.31±0.04a 2.04±0.02b 1.99±0.04b
苏氨酸 1.09±0.02a 1.08±0.02a 0.96±0.02b 0.93±0.02b
丝氨酸 1.11±0.03a 1.07±0.03a 0.98±0.02b 0.93±0.03b
谷氨酸 3.60±0.04a 3.55±0.03a 3.21±0.02b 3.08±0.04c
脯氨酸 1.26±0.05a 1.22±0.05a 1.09±0.05b 1.10±0.03b
甘氨酸 1.55±0.04a 1.55±0.03a 1.37±0.02b 1.34±0.04b
丙氨酸 1.69±0.03a 1.65±0.02a 1.47±0.03b 1.45±0.04b
缬氨酸 1.33±0.04a 1.32±0.01a 1.16±0.03b 1.16±0.04b
蛋氨酸 0.32±0.01a 0.30±0.02ab 0.28±0.02b 0.29±0.02b
异亮氨酸 0.89±0.02a 0.87±0.02a 0.77±0.02b 0.78±0.01b
亮氨酸 1.72±0.03a 1.71±0.03a 1.50±0.02b 1.46±0.02b
酪氨酸 0.69±0.02a 0.68±0.01a 0.63±0.02b 0.57±0.02c
苯丙氨酸 1.04±0.04a 1.01±0.03a 0.88±0.02b 0.88±0.02b
赖氨酸 1.83±0.04a 1.82±0.02a 1.57±0.03b 1.61±0.03b
组氨酸 0.70±0.02a 0.68±0.01a 0.61±0.02b 0.60±0.02b
精氨酸 2.11±0.03a 2.06±0.04a 1.85±0.03b 1.77±0.04c
氨基酸
总量
23.26±0.38a 22.89±0.13a 20.36±0.22b 19.95±0.31b
), ArticleFig(id=1171734018648228743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of different processing methods on amino acids (g/100 g, dry basis)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 生胚(原样) 干热法 微波法 湿热法
天门冬氨酸 2.61±0.02a 2.46±0.04b 2.22±0.02c 2.56±0.05a
苏氨酸 1.22±0.02a 1.15±0.02b 1.04±0.02c 1.20±0.02a
丝氨酸 1.24±0.03a 1.14±0.03b 1.06±0.03c 1.19±0.03ab
谷氨酸 4.03±0.04a 3.79±0.03b 3.48±0.03c 3.96±0.05a
脯氨酸 1.41±0.06a 1.30±0.05b 1.18±0.05c 1.41±0.03a
甘氨酸 1.73±0.04a 1.65±0.04b 1.49±0.02c 1.73±0.05a
丙氨酸 1.88±0.04a 1.76±0.02b 1.60±0.03c 1.87±0.05a
缬氨酸 1.48±0.04a 1.41±0.01b 1.26±0.03c 1.49±0.05a
蛋氨酸 0.36±0.01a 0.32±0.02b 0.31±0.02b 0.37±0.03a
异亮氨酸 0.99±0.03a 0.93±0.02b 0.83±0.02c 1.00±0.02a
亮氨酸 1.92±0.03a 1.83±0.04b 1.63±0.02c 1.88±0.03ab
酪氨酸 0.77±0.02a 0.73±0.02b 0.68±0.03c 0.74±0.02ab
苯丙氨酸 1.17±0.04a 1.08±0.03b 0.95±0.05c 1.14±0.02a
赖氨酸 2.05±0.05a 1.94±0.02b 1.70±0.03c 2.07±0.04a
组氨酸 0.78±0.02a 0.73±0.02b 0.66±0.02c 0.77±0.03a
精氨酸 2.35±0.03a 2.20±0.04b 2.01±0.03c 2.28±0.06a
氨基酸总量 25.99±0.42a 24.41±0.15b 22.10±0.24c 25.64±0.41a
), ArticleFig(id=1171734018719531912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同加工方式对氨基酸的影响(g/100 g, 以干基计)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 生胚(原样) 干热法 微波法 湿热法
天门冬氨酸 2.61±0.02a 2.46±0.04b 2.22±0.02c 2.56±0.05a
苏氨酸 1.22±0.02a 1.15±0.02b 1.04±0.02c 1.20±0.02a
丝氨酸 1.24±0.03a 1.14±0.03b 1.06±0.03c 1.19±0.03ab
谷氨酸 4.03±0.04a 3.79±0.03b 3.48±0.03c 3.96±0.05a
脯氨酸 1.41±0.06a 1.30±0.05b 1.18±0.05c 1.41±0.03a
甘氨酸 1.73±0.04a 1.65±0.04b 1.49±0.02c 1.73±0.05a
丙氨酸 1.88±0.04a 1.76±0.02b 1.60±0.03c 1.87±0.05a
缬氨酸 1.48±0.04a 1.41±0.01b 1.26±0.03c 1.49±0.05a
蛋氨酸 0.36±0.01a 0.32±0.02b 0.31±0.02b 0.37±0.03a
异亮氨酸 0.99±0.03a 0.93±0.02b 0.83±0.02c 1.00±0.02a
亮氨酸 1.92±0.03a 1.83±0.04b 1.63±0.02c 1.88±0.03ab
酪氨酸 0.77±0.02a 0.73±0.02b 0.68±0.03c 0.74±0.02ab
苯丙氨酸 1.17±0.04a 1.08±0.03b 0.95±0.05c 1.14±0.02a
赖氨酸 2.05±0.05a 1.94±0.02b 1.70±0.03c 2.07±0.04a
组氨酸 0.78±0.02a 0.73±0.02b 0.66±0.02c 0.77±0.03a
精氨酸 2.35±0.03a 2.20±0.04b 2.01±0.03c 2.28±0.06a
氨基酸总量 25.99±0.42a 24.41±0.15b 22.10±0.24c 25.64±0.41a
), ArticleFig(id=1171734018799223689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different processing methods on minerals (dry basis)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加工
方式
P/(g/kg) Ca/(mg/kg) K/(g/kg) Mg/(g/kg) Cu/(mg/kg) Fe/(mg/kg) Mn/(mg/kg) Zn/(mg/kg) Sr/(mg/kg)
生胚
(原样)
12.83±0.06a 619.70±4.41a 14.33±0.15a 3.64±0.02ab 8.83±0.12a 96.31±1.38a 296.75±1.90a 154.77±0.74a 5.45±0.01a
干热法 12.79±0.17a 630.97±9.07a 14.12±0.19a 3.70±0.05a 8.81±0.15a 96.72±1.40a 294.90±1.15a 153.29±0.95a 5.48±0.10a
微波法 12.57±0.13a 619.69±2.28a 14.03±0.14a 3.58±0.04b 8.74±0.08a 96.58±0.45a 296.01±1.34a 153.56±0.89a 5.37±0.02a
湿热法 12.59±0.13a 621.78±6.52a 13.99±0.12a 3.56±0.05b 8.86±0.10a 96.88±1.78a 294.56±1.00a 154.00±1.37a 5.44±0.07a
), ArticleFig(id=1171734018878915466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同加工方式对矿物质的影响(以干基计)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加工
方式
P/(g/kg) Ca/(mg/kg) K/(g/kg) Mg/(g/kg) Cu/(mg/kg) Fe/(mg/kg) Mn/(mg/kg) Zn/(mg/kg) Sr/(mg/kg)
生胚
(原样)
12.83±0.06a 619.70±4.41a 14.33±0.15a 3.64±0.02ab 8.83±0.12a 96.31±1.38a 296.75±1.90a 154.77±0.74a 5.45±0.01a
干热法 12.79±0.17a 630.97±9.07a 14.12±0.19a 3.70±0.05a 8.81±0.15a 96.72±1.40a 294.90±1.15a 153.29±0.95a 5.48±0.10a
微波法 12.57±0.13a 619.69±2.28a 14.03±0.14a 3.58±0.04b 8.74±0.08a 96.58±0.45a 296.01±1.34a 153.56±0.89a 5.37±0.02a
湿热法 12.59±0.13a 621.78±6.52a 13.99±0.12a 3.56±0.05b 8.86±0.10a 96.88±1.78a 294.56±1.00a 154.00±1.37a 5.44±0.07a
), ArticleFig(id=1171734018975384459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Correlation analysis between water content and basic fractions of Triticum aestivum L. germ

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水分 灰分 蛋白质 脂肪 维生素E 氨基酸总量 酸价 过氧化值 游离脂肪酸
水分 1
灰分 -0.994** 1
蛋白质 -0.998** 0.997** 1
脂肪 -0.994** 0.985** 0.991** 1
维生素E -0.909** 0.899** 0.901** 0.936** 1
氨基酸总量 -0.588* 0.580* 0.581* 0.657* 0.848** 1
酸价 -0.764** 0.777** 0.764** 0.807** 0.915** 0.911** 1
过氧化值 -0.007 -0.020 -0.007 -0.072 -0.255 -0.659* -0.577* 1
游离脂肪酸 -0.763** 0.776** 0.762** 0.806** 0.914** 0.910** 1.000** -0.577* 1
), ArticleFig(id=1171734019101213580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433749317472334, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

含水量与小麦胚芽基本组分相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水分 灰分 蛋白质 脂肪 维生素E 氨基酸总量 酸价 过氧化值 游离脂肪酸
水分 1
灰分 -0.994** 1
蛋白质 -0.998** 0.997** 1
脂肪 -0.994** 0.985** 0.991** 1
维生素E -0.909** 0.899** 0.901** 0.936** 1
氨基酸总量 -0.588* 0.580* 0.581* 0.657* 0.848** 1
酸价 -0.764** 0.777** 0.764** 0.807** 0.915** 0.911** 1
过氧化值 -0.007 -0.020 -0.007 -0.072 -0.255 -0.659* -0.577* 1
游离脂肪酸 -0.763** 0.776** 0.762** 0.806** 0.914** 0.910** 1.000** -0.577* 1
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不同加工方式对小麦胚芽品质的影响研究
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欧朝接 1, 2 , 林莹 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(8): 253-260
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(8): 253-260
不同加工方式对小麦胚芽品质的影响研究
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欧朝接1, 2 , 林莹1, *
作者信息
  • 1.广西大学轻工与食品工程学院, 南宁 530004
  • 2.广西壮族自治区分析测试研究中心, 南宁 530022
  • 欧朝接(1992—), 男, 硕士研究生, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品加工与安全。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 林莹(1971—), 女, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为食品加工。E-mail:
Study on the effects of different processing methods on the quality of Triticum aestivum L. germ
Chao-Jie OU1, 2 , Ying LIN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • 2. Guangxi Zhuang Autonmous Reion Center for Analysis and Test Research, Nanning 530022, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231005
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目的 探究3种不同热加工方式对小麦胚芽品质的影响。方法 以新鲜小麦胚芽为实验材料, 采用干热法、微波法和湿热法对小麦胚芽进行处理, 分析不同热加工方式对小麦胚芽营养品质及油脂品质的影响。结果 3种热加工方式对脂肪酸组成均无显著性差异(P>0.05), 以干基计的灰分、脂肪、蛋白质和矿物质含量基本不变。与新鲜麦胚相比, 干热法和微波法含水量、维生素E含量(以干基计)和氨基酸含量(以干基计)下降; 湿热法含水量上升, 维生素E含量(以干基计)下降, 氨基酸含量(以干基计)含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。干热法酸价、游离脂肪酸含量上升, 过氧化值含量降低; 微波法和湿热法的酸价和游离脂肪酸含量显著降低(P<0.05), 过氧化值含量显著上升(P<0.05)。结论 湿热法有助于保护小麦品质, 可以更好地提高小麦胚芽贮藏稳定性, 为小麦胚芽进一步的高值化加工利用和功能性成分的开发提供依据。

小麦  /  胚芽  /  加工方式  /  成分分析

Objective To investigate the effects of 3 kinds of different thermal processing methods on the quality of Triticum aestivum L. germ. Methods Fresh Triticum aestivum L. germ was used as the test material, and dry heat, microwave and moist heat methods were used to treat Triticum aestivum L. germ to analyze the effects of different thermal processing methods on the nutritional quality and oil quality of Triticum aestivum L. germ. Results There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in fatty acid composition among 3 kinds of thermal processing methods, and ash, fat, protein and mineral contents on a dry basis were essentially unchanged. Compared with fresh Triticum aestivum L. germ, dry heat and microwave methods decreased water content, vitamin E content (dry basis) and amino acid content (dry basis); moist heat method increased in water content, decreased in vitamin E content (dry basis) and no significant difference (P>0.05) in amino acid content (dry basis) content. Acid value and free fatty acid content increased and peroxide content decreased in the dry heat method; the acid value and free fatty acid content of microwave method and moist heat method were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the content of peroxide value significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Moist heat method helps to protect the quality of Triticum aestivum L., can better improve the storage stability of Triticum aestivum L. germ, and provides a basis for further high-value processing and utilization of Triticum aestivum L. germ and the development of functional components.

Triticum aestivum L.  /  germ  /  processing methods  /  compositional analysis
欧朝接, 林莹. 不同加工方式对小麦胚芽品质的影响研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (8) : 253 -260 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231005
Chao-Jie OU, Ying LIN. Study on the effects of different processing methods on the quality of Triticum aestivum L. germ[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (8) : 253 -260 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231005
小麦是大自然给予人类健康生存的生命之源, 被称为五谷之贵。小麦胚芽富含小麦籽粒大部分的营养成分, 主要包括10%~15%的脂质[1]、26%~35%的蛋白质[2]、42.0%~47.0%的碳水化合物[3]、10%~14%的膳食纤维[4]及4.0%~4.5%的矿物质[5], 被誉为“天然营养宝库”[6]。小麦胚芽含有70%以上不饱和脂肪酸[7], 是一种优质的植物脂肪。此外, 小麦胚芽中还含有二十八烷醇、半胱氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、谷胱甘肽、凝集素、植物甾醇等生物活性物质[8-12]
热加工技术在食品加工中具有广泛的应用, 它通过适当升高食品的温度可以达到杀菌、去除异味、改善食品品质等效果。近年来, 国内外学者采用各种热加工技术处理谷物, 提高其储存稳定性, 以期延缓谷物的酸败、延长产品保质期。如JOHN等[13]应用热风干燥技术处理玉米籽粒, 干燥至11.6%湿度、在40 ℃条件下保存47 d的过氧化物值仅为未干谷物对照组的53%; CORINA等[14]研究表明, 高温烘烤后, 豆类中维生素和矿物质水平低于推荐的每日摄入量, 多酚和抗氧化能力显著下降; MERILES等[15]研究发现经微波和热风处理后, 小麦胚芽油的过氧化值、酸度和脂肪酸保持不变。经热风处理后, α-生育酚含量有所下降; 张楠等[16]比较了微波、过热蒸汽、热风干燥3种热加工技术对小麦胚芽进行酶钝化效果, 其中过热蒸汽技术灭活脂肪酶效果最佳。热加工作为食品工业常见的加工方式, 由于不同的热加工方式会引起食品成分的差异, 从而影响食品的理化性质和营养价值。但目前关于不同热加工方式对小麦胚芽品质的影响研究不够系统、详尽。
基于此, 本研究以小麦胚芽为实验材料, 采用干热法(100 ℃处理30 min)、微波法(640 W处理3 min)和湿热法(常压蒸汽处理20 min)对新鲜小麦胚芽进行处理, 旨在探究不同热加工方式对新鲜小麦胚芽基本组分、矿物质、维生素E、氨基酸、酸价、过氧化值、游离脂肪酸、脂肪酸组成的影响, 为小麦胚芽加工生产提供理论指导。
新鲜小麦胚芽: 由某企业赠送提供, 用自封袋封装, 置于4 ℃冰箱储藏, 于24 h内加工备用。
硫代硫酸钠标准滴定液(浓度0.09994 mol/L, 深圳市博林达科技有限公司); 氢氧化钠标准溶液(浓度0.5010 mol/L)、37种脂肪酸甲酯混合标准溶液(质量浓度10 mg/mL)(上海安谱璀世标准技术服务有限公司); 混合氨基酸标准溶液(浓度2.50 μmol/L, 日本和光纯药工业株式会社); α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚标准品(纯度98%, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 30~60 ℃石油醚、硫酸铜、硫酸钾、氢氧化钠、柠檬酸钠、碘化钾、可溶性淀粉、乙醚、硼酸、硫酸、盐酸、异丙醇、无水乙醇(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 硝酸(分析纯, 德国默克公司); 冰乙酸、无水硫酸钠(分析纯, 广东光华科技股份有限公司); 三氯甲烷(分析纯, 成都市科隆化学品有限公司)。
ZW1-GF3V微波炉(广东格兰仕微波生活电器制造有限公司); DHG 9240A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱、SX2-5-12TP马弗炉(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司); AB204电子天平(精度0.0001 g, 瑞士梅特勒托利多公司); Kjeltec8400全自动凯氏定氮仪(瑞典福斯公司); iCAP7400电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(德国赛默飞世尔科技公司); LA8080型超高速全自动氨基酸分析仪(日本日立高新技术公司); Waters 2695高效液相色谱仪 (配2475 FLR多波长荧光检测器, 美国沃特世公司); 6890N气相色谱仪(美国安捷伦科技有限公司)。
(1)干热法处理。新鲜小麦胚芽放入100 ℃干燥箱内加热处理30 min, 取出冷却, 装入聚乙烯保鲜袋中待用。
(2)微波法处理。新鲜小麦胚芽放入微波炉内, 640 W处理3 min后, 取出冷却, 装入聚乙烯保鲜袋中待用。
(3)湿热法处理。新鲜小麦胚芽放入蒸锅内, 常压蒸汽处理20 min后, 取出冷却, 装入聚乙烯保鲜袋中待用。
(1)水分、灰分、脂肪、蛋白质的测定
水分含量采用GB 5009.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》中的直接干燥法测定; 灰分含量采用GB 5009.4—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》测定; 脂肪含量采用GB 5009.6—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》索氏抽提法测定; 蛋白质含量采用GB 5009.5—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》凯氏定氮法测定。
(2)氨基酸测定
氨基酸含量采用GB 5009.124—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》测定。
(3)矿物质测定
磷、钾、钙、镁、铜、铁、锰、锌、锶的含量采用GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》中电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer, ICP-OES)测定。
(4)维生素E测定
维生素E的含量采用GB 5009.82—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中维生素A、D、E的测定》中反相高效液相色谱法测定。维生素E的测定结果用α-生育酚当量(alpha-tocopherol equivalen, α-TE)表示, 维生素E (mg α-TE/100 g)=α-生育酚+β-生育酚×0.5+γ-生育酚×0.1+δ-生育酚×0.01。
(1)酸价、过氧化值、游离脂肪酸的测定
酸价采用GB 5009.229—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中酸价的测定》中冷溶剂指示剂滴定法测定; 过氧化值采用GB 5009.227—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中过氧化值的测定》中指示剂滴定法测定过氧化值; 游离脂肪酸参照GB/T 5530—2005《动植物油脂 酸值和酸度测定》中冷溶剂法测定, 以油酸表示, 结果用质量分数表示。
(2)脂肪酸组成测定
脂肪酸的分析参照李波[17]的方法略作更改, 称取小麦胚芽油脂0.03 g进行测定分析。
每个实验重复3次, 实验结果均以平均值±标准偏差的方式表示, 并采用SPSS 26.0软件进行分析处理, 采用单因素方差分析结合Duncan多种检验比较多样本间的显著性差异, 置信度为95%, 图中和表中不同字母代表有显著性差异(P<0.05), 作图采用Origin 9.1软件。
水分对食品的结构、外观、味道以及对变质的敏感性有着很大的影响, 含水量直接影响到食品的贮藏性能和消费者的接受程度。由图1可知, 3种热加工方式对小麦胚芽的含水率均存在显著性差异(P<0.05), 湿热法在处理过程中吸收大量水蒸气导致其水分含量上升, 与新鲜麦胚(原样)比较增加了111%。干热法和微波法处理后的麦胚含水量均低于新鲜麦胚。干热法高温处理削弱氢键和水的相互作用, 从而加速水的蒸发。微波处理时水分子产生强烈振动, 分子间相互挤压、碰撞、摩擦生热导致水分汽化蒸发。
图2可知, 不同加工方式对麦胚灰分、脂肪和蛋白质含量具有显著差异(P<0.05)。新鲜麦胚中灰分、脂肪、蛋白质分别为4.79、10.11和28.83 g/100 g。干热法及微波法处理后麦胚灰分、脂肪和蛋白质含量略有上升, 可能与其含水量降低有关。结果与傅苏芳[18]的研究结果相似。湿热法处理后样品灰分、脂肪和蛋白质含量有所降低。湿热法脂肪含量降低的原因可能是一些油脂在高温下从游离态转变为复合态[19]
小麦胚芽含有人体必需的8种氨基酸, 必需氨基酸的构成比例与联合国粮食及农业组织和世界卫生组织联合机构(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization, FAO/WHO)推荐的模式值以及大豆、牛肉、鸡蛋的氨基酸构成比例非常接近, 优于大米、面粉等谷物蛋白质中必需氨基酸的构成比例[20]。氨基酸结果如表1所示, 小麦胚芽(原样)包含的基本氨基酸有谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸、缬氨酸等, 其中谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸为主要氨基酸。赖氨酸作为谷类蛋白质的第一限制性氨基酸, 其含量高达1.83 g/100 g; 苏氨酸的含量为1.09 g/100 g, 是谷类蛋白质的第二限制性氨基酸。干热法处理后麦胚中16种氨基酸含量和氨基酸总量无显著性差异(P>0.05), 微波法及湿热法处理后样品中16种氨基酸含量和氨基酸总量均比原样降低, 具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。叶明星[21]报道了不同稳定化处理对麦胚品质的影响, 热干燥、微波、常压蒸汽、挤压膨化处理对麦胚赖氨酸的损失分别为: 0.5%、0.3%、0.3%、0.4%。微波处理使物料之间产生非热效应, 导致蛋白质次级结构断裂, 可能引起氨基酸含量降低。蒸汽处理使麦胚水分含量的提高, 氨基酸可能会发生更多的化学反应, 导致小麦胚芽中氨基酸含量下降。
维生素E是一种脂溶性维生素, 它可以通过改变自动氧化的自由基链抑制油脂的氧化, 是不饱和脂质过氧化过程中重要的潜在抗氧化剂。维生素E具有8种同分异构体(α、β、γ、δ等生育酚以及相应生育三烯酚), 其中α-生育酚抗氧化活性最高, 其次是β、γ-生育酚, δ-生育酚活性最低[22]
图3所示, 小麦胚芽中维生素E主要以α-生育酚和β-生育酚的形式存在, 而δ-生育酚和γ-生育酚未检出。其中α-生育酚含量高于β-生育酚。小麦胚芽(原样)维生素E含量为19.32 mg/100 g, 包含16.20 mg/100 g的α-生育酚和6.24 mg/100 g的β-生育酚。结果表明, 从维生素E总量及α-生育酚含量来看, 干热法处理后麦胚与原样比较无显著性差异(P>0.05), 微波法和湿热法具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 微波法处理后麦胚α-生育酚保留率可达90.94%, 湿热法处理后麦胚α-生育酚保留率仅为71.23%。研究结果与徐斌等[23]及ARSLAN等[24]报道的一致, 研究中利用连续式微波稳定麦胚, 处理后麦胚的α-生育酚保留率可达94.71%。从β-生育酚含量来看, 3种加工方式与原样比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 含量均有所降低。因此, 加工方式是影响维生素E含量改变的重要因素。
小麦胚芽中富含磷、钙、镁、钾、锌、铁、锰等人体所必需的矿物质, 实验结果表明, 不同热加工方式对小麦胚芽矿物质含量(钙、铁、锰、锌)具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。与其他谷物相比, 小麦胚芽钙、镁、钾和锌含量较高, 镁、钾和锌含量分别为3260、12830和138.50 mg/kg, 这与严斌等[25]研究结果吻合。钙含量为554.66 mg/kg, 与Danish Food Composition Databank[26]结果存在一定的差异, 这可能与小麦品种、产地、贮藏条件差异有关。
酸价是衡量植物油品质的重要指标, 是反映油脂酸败程度的重要参数。小麦胚芽在加工时, 油脂会在氧气、水分和微生物等作用下产生大量的游离脂肪酸, 使小麦胚芽酸败变质。如图4所示, 不同热加工方式对小麦胚芽油脂的酸价含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 其中干热法处理后麦胚提取的油脂酸价略有上升, 可能是高温促进了不饱和脂肪酸的氧化, 产生了一定量的有机酸。微波法和湿热法处理后麦胚提取的油脂酸价含量有所降低, 与辛颖等[27]在玉米胚芽中的研究结果一致。蒸汽处理使小麦胚芽中的酶活降低, 有效地抑制了酶促氧化的进程。微波处理可能加速了脂肪氧化的进程, 游离脂肪酸进一步氧化为氢过氧化物。
过氧化值是反映油脂氧化程度的参数, 油脂中不饱和脂肪酸中的双键会与空气中的氧气发生反应, 产生大量氢过氧化物, 使小麦胚芽酸败。如图5所示, 不同热加工方式对小麦胚芽油脂的过氧化值含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。干热法处理后麦胚提取的油脂过氧化值降低, 含量为0.18 g/100 g。微波法和湿热法处理后麦胚提取的油脂过氧化值含量上升, 其中微波法处理后麦胚油过氧化值为原样的1.45倍, 超过植物油国家标准(GB 2716—2018《食品安全国家标准 植物油》)限值(≤0.25 g/100 g), 湿热法处理后麦胚油为原样的1.09倍。这可能是由于在微波处理过程中, 水分子的强烈摩擦和碰撞导致物料温度迅速升高, 从而促使基质中的油脂在短时间内发生热氧化。微波法处理时微波作用产生的射线能够加速自由基的产生, 从而加速油脂中氧化基质的氧化, 这与黄颖等[28]的研究结果一致。
游离脂肪酸是反映脂肪水解生成游离脂肪酸的含量, 以百分数表示, 是表征油脂水解程度的经典指标。WANG等[29]发现麦胚毛油游离脂肪酸含量可达5%~25%, 麦胚的游离脂肪酸含量可能与制胚工艺、贮藏条件和萃取工艺有关。由图6可知, 不同热加工方式对小麦胚芽油脂的游离脂肪酸含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 从不同热加工处理的麦胚中提取的油脂游离脂肪酸在2.98%~3.86%之间。
脂肪酸组成对油脂的营养价值、理化性质具有决定性作用。对不同热加工处理的小麦胚芽油脂进行脂肪酸组成分析, 结果表明, 小麦胚芽油主要脂肪酸有亚油酸(C18:2), 占总脂肪酸的56.99%~57.54%, 其次是棕榈酸(C16:0), 占比为17.71%~17.97%; 油酸(C18:1), 占比为14.77%~14.84%; 亚麻酸(C18:3), 占比为5.75%~6.07%; 花生一烯酸(C20:1), 占比为1.46%~1.49%; 硬脂酸(C18:0), 占比为0.67%~ 0.70%。不饱和脂肪酸占比接近80%, 具有重要的营养价值。小麦胚芽油脂肪酸组成在不同热加工下均无显著性差异(P>0.05), 这与OZCAN等[30]研究结果吻合, 其研究热风干燥对麦胚的脂肪酸含量无显著影响。李进伟等[31]也报道了微波加热处理对麦胚脂肪酸含量无显著影响。
将不同热加工下小麦胚芽灰分、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素E、氨基酸、矿物质含量以干基计算, 并与原样比较, 结果如图7~10以及表2~3所示。加工方式对折干基后的小麦胚芽灰分、蛋白质、矿物质含量无显著性差异(P>0.05), 脂肪含量与原样相差不大, 说明加工方式对新鲜小麦胚芽中灰分、脂肪、蛋白质、矿物质含量(Mg除外)的影响是由于水分变化引起的。3种热加工方式的维生素E含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 含量均有所降低, 原因可能是维生素E热稳定性差, 在高温条件下, 生育酚的稳定性会显著下降造成一定程度的损失。与原样相比, 干热法和微波法对折干基后氨基酸含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 湿热法对折干基后氨基酸含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
水分是谷物胚芽贮藏稳定性和营养品质的一个重要影响因素。含水量与小麦胚芽基本组分的相关分析如表4所示, 水分含量与灰分、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素E、酸价、游离脂肪酸含量呈极显著负相关, 与氨基酸总量呈显著负相关, 与过氧化值含量不相关。说明通过不同加工方式处理新鲜小麦胚芽后, 水分上升会使得灰分、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素E、氨基酸总量、酸价、游离脂肪酸含量显著降低。
本研究采用干热法(100 ℃处理30 min)、微波法(640 W处理3 min)和湿热法(常压蒸汽处理20 min)对新鲜小麦胚芽进行处理, 并探究不同热加工方式对新鲜小麦胚芽品质的影响。结果表明, 3种加工方式对游离脂肪酸组成均具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 以干基计的灰分、蛋白质和矿物质含量(Mg除外)基本不变。与新鲜麦胚相比, 干热法和微波法含水量、维生素E含量(干基计)和氨基酸含量(干基计)下降, 烘烤和微波加工过程中, 麦胚中的水分会迅速蒸发, 导致麦胚表面温度升高, 麦胚的内部结构及性质可能发生变化, 从而影响麦胚中营养成分的保留。湿热法含水量上升, 维生素E含量(干基计)下降, 氨基酸含量(干基计)含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。干热法酸价、游离脂肪酸含量上升, 过氧化值含量降低; 微波法和湿热法的酸价和游离脂肪酸含量显著降低, 过氧化值含量显著上升;。蒸汽处理时, 温度会迅速从物料表面传至内部, 而且温度与湿度能快速达到平衡, 使小麦胚中的脂肪酶活性迅速下降, 达到较好的钝化效果。基于以上研究结果, 表明湿热法有助于保护麦胚品质, 可以更好地保持小麦胚芽贮藏稳定性。
由于不同的加工方法对小麦胚芽水分含量及营养成分损失和保存期的影响不同, 在选择小麦胚芽的加工处理方法时, 应以特定的应用方向为前提, 综合考虑不同加工方法的优缺点和自身的实际情况, 达到提高其贮藏稳定性的同时有效保护其品质。因此, 当单一的加工技术不能保证最佳的小麦胚芽品质时, 可以探索两种或多种加工技术的组合应用, 不仅能尽量保持胚芽原有的营养组成和使用价值, 而且能够提高胚芽的贮藏稳定性。
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2025年第16卷第8期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231005
  • 接收时间:2024-12-31
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-31
基金
2024广西农产品精深加工产业科技先锋队项目(202400235)
广西壮族自治区直属公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2022ACZ05)
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    1.广西大学轻工与食品工程学院, 南宁 530004
    2.广西壮族自治区分析测试研究中心, 南宁 530022

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* 林莹(1971—), 女, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为食品加工。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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