Article(id=1153433741318934542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250109006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736352000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929633693, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929633693, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929633693, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929633693, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433737141412332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929632696, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757293087150, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1171735391666225233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1171735391666225234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=234, endPage=243, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433742187155476, articleId=1153433741318934542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Quality evaluation and analysis of major Vitis vinifera L. varieties cultivated in the Shanghai Region, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To evaluate the quality differences among the main Vitis vinifera L. varieties in Shanghai, identify key quality indicators. Methods A total of 34 batches of Vitis vinifera L. samples were collected from 10 major cultivars cultivated by 7 enterprises in Shanghai. Twelve quality parameters, including cluster weight, berry weight, fructose, glucose, total acid, vitamin C, amino acids, and anthocyanins, were analyzed to assess Vitis vinifera L. quality from 3 perspectives: Physical appearance, intrinsic nutritional quality and overall quality. Results There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the physical appearance, intrinsic nutritional quality and overall quality of Vitis vinifera L. varieties. Shine Muscat performed exceptionally well in sugar-acid balance, Zuijinxiang showed high levels of vitamin C and overall nutritional quality, Jumeigui had a notable advantage in fructose and glucose content, and Shenyuan exhibited the highest total amino acids, though the amino acid composition needs optimization. Principal component analysis revealed that the main factors contributing to quality differences were the sugar-acid ratio, amino acid composition and fruit weight. Conclusion The major Vitis vinifera L. cultivars in Shanghai exhibit distinct quality advantages. Shine Muscat, Zuijinxiang and Jumeigui are particularly suitable for promotion as premium table Vitis vinifera L. varieties. These findings provide a scientific basis for Vitis vinifera L. varieties breeding, cultivation management, and market positioning, while also serving as a reference for consumer health and the development of functional foods.

, correspAuthors=Bo DENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bin ZHOU, Xiao-Jun YANG, Rou-Han CHEN, Xiao-Jun XI, Qian ZHA, Ying-Qing MA, Bo DENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433782838350829, articleId=1153433741318934542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=上海地区主栽葡萄品种品质评价与分析, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 评估上海地区主栽葡萄品种的品质差异, 明确关键品质指标。方法 本研究选取了上海地区7家种植企业的10个主要葡萄品种, 共采集34批次样品。通过分析穗质量、粒质量、果糖、葡萄糖、总酸、维生素C、氨基酸、花青素等12项指标, 从外观物理性状、内在营养品质和综合品质3个方面对葡萄品质进行评估。结果 葡萄品种在外观物理性状、内在营养品质及综合品质方面存在显著差异(P<0.05)。阳光玫瑰在糖酸平衡方面表现突出, 醉金香具有较高的维生素C和综合营养品质, 巨玫瑰在葡萄糖含量上优势明显, 申园的氨基酸总量最高, 但其氨基酸比例需优化。综合分析表明, 糖酸比例、氨基酸组成和果实重量是决定葡萄品质差异的主要因素。结论 上海地区主栽葡萄品种在品质特性上各具优势, 阳光玫瑰、醉金香和巨玫瑰适宜推广作为高端鲜食葡萄。研究结果为葡萄品种选育、种植管理及市场定位提供了科学依据, 并为消费者健康及功能性食品开发提供参考。

, correspAuthors=邓波, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 邓波(1982—), 男, 高级兽医师, 主要研究方向为农产品品质因子精准识别。E-mail:
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周彬(1995—), 男, 助理农艺师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与品质分析。E-mail:

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周彬(1995—), 男, 助理农艺师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与品质分析。E-mail:

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Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(12): 2865-2877., articleTitle=Study on the characteristics of different maturity of apricot plum flavor queen fruit, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1171734048499089484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=138, pageEnd=142, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=59, authorNames=黄迪, 何叶, 张春平, journalName=现代农业科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄迪, 何叶, 张春平, 等. 吐鲁番鲜食葡萄品质特征分析[J]. 现代农业科技, 2024, 14: 138-142., articleTitle=吐鲁番鲜食葡萄品质特征分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1171734048562004045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=138, pageEnd=142, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=60, authorNames=HUANG D, HE Y, ZHANG CP, journalName=Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG D, HE Y, ZHANG CP, et al. Analysis on quality characteristics of table grapes in Turpan[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 14: 138-142., articleTitle=Analysis on quality characteristics of table grapes in Turpan, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1171734048624918606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=67, issue=2, pageStart=133, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=61, authorNames=CASALTA E, VERNHET A, SABLAYROLLES JM, journalName=American Journal of Enology & Viticulture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CASALTA E, VERNHET A, SABLAYROLLES JM, et al. Review: Characterization and role of grape solids during alcoholic fermentation under enological conditions[J]. American Journal of Enology & Viticulture, 2017, 67(2): 133-138., articleTitle=Review: Characterization and role of grape solids during alcoholic fermentation under enological conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1171734048700416079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=4, pageStart=203, pageEnd=209, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=62, authorNames=林范学, 韩小龙, 师艳秋, journalName=食品安全质量检测学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林范学, 韩小龙, 师艳秋, 等. 葡萄干酿制葡萄酒的工艺优化[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2024, 15(4): 203-209., articleTitle=葡萄干酿制葡萄酒的工艺优化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1171734048788496464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=4, pageStart=203, pageEnd=209, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=63, authorNames=LIN FX, HAN XL, SHI YQ, journalName=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN FX, HAN XL, SHI YQ, et al. Process optimization of wine made from raisins[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2024, 15(4): 203-209., articleTitle=Process optimization of wine made from raisins, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1171734043692417040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, awardId=23N71900300, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市科委“科技创新行动计划”项目(23N71900300), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1171734038692807622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171734038701196231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, companyId=1171734038692807622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Shanghai Agri-products Quality and Safety Center, Shanghai 201708, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171734038709584840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, companyId=1171734038692807622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海市农产品质量安全中心, 上海 201708)]), AuthorCompany(id=1171734038797665225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171734038806053834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, companyId=1171734038797665225, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171734038814442443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, companyId=1171734038797665225, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所, 上海 201403)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1171734041226167285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Cluster weight and berry weight of different Vitis vinifera L. varieties, figureFileSmall=9psXFfYEYRpWUic2DX8I3Q==, figureFileBig=sKCsOXMaCsq8/1h7qgclkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734041289081846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同葡萄品种果实的穗质量和粒质量

注: 不同小写字母表示具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 下同。

, figureFileSmall=9psXFfYEYRpWUic2DX8I3Q==, figureFileBig=sKCsOXMaCsq8/1h7qgclkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734041364579319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Fructose, glucose, total acids, organic acids and vitamin C content in fruits of 4 Vitis vinifera L. varieties, figureFileSmall=eANzu9rv1z0RJptI++wKSg==, figureFileBig=zka+CZFQvD+xByK/7OMQdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734041448465400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=图2, caption=4个葡萄品种果实的果糖、葡萄糖、总酸、有机酸、维生素C含量, figureFileSmall=eANzu9rv1z0RJptI++wKSg==, figureFileBig=zka+CZFQvD+xByK/7OMQdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734041544934393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Amino acid content in different parts of fruits from 4 Vitis vinifera L. varieties, figureFileSmall=914oFyGjq38+iSVE2clqvQ==, figureFileBig=blbvy1tF8Fywz9Mh697InQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734041637209082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=图3, caption=4个葡萄品种果实不同部位的氨基酸含量, figureFileSmall=914oFyGjq38+iSVE2clqvQ==, figureFileBig=blbvy1tF8Fywz9Mh697InQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734041708512251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comprehensive amino acid scores and rankings of the fruits of 4 Vitis vinifera L. varieties, figureFileSmall=8EjRDHGlmeu2W113eCW/sQ==, figureFileBig=WJEWbquMW1FFWGOhelKqEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734041788204028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=图4, caption=4个葡萄品种果实的氨基酸综合得分及排名, figureFileSmall=8EjRDHGlmeu2W113eCW/sQ==, figureFileBig=WJEWbquMW1FFWGOhelKqEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734041880478717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Normalized ranking of amino acids in the fruits of 4 Vitis vinifera L. varieties, figureFileSmall=9ZL1VqHVdxqEcHBpUdIs1w==, figureFileBig=ycPXzR4czCav4WbelODl1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734041939198974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=图5, caption=4个葡萄品种氨基酸的归一化排名, figureFileSmall=9ZL1VqHVdxqEcHBpUdIs1w==, figureFileBig=ycPXzR4czCav4WbelODl1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734042018890751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Trace element content in the fruits of 4 different Vitis vinifera L. varieties, figureFileSmall=2Ff/myXUn7YoMNw+so0KUQ==, figureFileBig=crQNjO+v5jrEJi34lTHolQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734042216023040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=图6, caption=4个不同葡萄品种果实的微量元素含量, figureFileSmall=2Ff/myXUn7YoMNw+so0KUQ==, figureFileBig=crQNjO+v5jrEJi34lTHolQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734042291519488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Anthocyanin content in the fruits of 4 different Vitis vinifera L. varieties, figureFileSmall=jFIHJvdLrsDsEcYuElHgnQ==, figureFileBig=Y5mrF3R7l0OzaqdEU71aIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734042367016961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=图7, caption=4个不同葡萄品种果实不同部位的花青素含量, figureFileSmall=jFIHJvdLrsDsEcYuElHgnQ==, figureFileBig=Y5mrF3R7l0OzaqdEU71aIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734042425737218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Solid acid ratio and soluble solids content in the fruits of 4 different Vitis vinifera L. varieties, figureFileSmall=cpcIOcnJBXvjOEbSIB7WBA==, figureFileBig=qkvgUSd0ZF8iTaMx+g2whg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734042488651779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=图8, caption=4个不同葡萄品种果实的固酸比和可溶性固形物含量, figureFileSmall=cpcIOcnJBXvjOEbSIB7WBA==, figureFileBig=qkvgUSd0ZF8iTaMx+g2whg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171734042551566340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Summary of the sources of Vitis vinifera L. quality research samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
企业名称 主要品种 样品数/批 检测部位
A 巨玫瑰、阳光玫瑰、醉金香、申园 4 P、R、H
B 巨玫瑰、阳光玫瑰、醉金香、申园、夏黑 7 P、R、H、A
C 巨玫瑰、阳光玫瑰、醉金香、申园、金手指 5 P、R、H、A
D 申华、藤稔 2 A
E 巨玫瑰、阳光玫瑰、醉金香、申园、申丰、巨峰 8 P、R、H、A
F 申华、夏黑 3 A
G 巨玫瑰、阳光玫瑰、醉金香、申华、巨玫瑰 5 P、R、H、A
), ArticleFig(id=1171734042622869509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

葡萄品质研究样品来源情况汇总表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
企业名称 主要品种 样品数/批 检测部位
A 巨玫瑰、阳光玫瑰、醉金香、申园 4 P、R、H
B 巨玫瑰、阳光玫瑰、醉金香、申园、夏黑 7 P、R、H、A
C 巨玫瑰、阳光玫瑰、醉金香、申园、金手指 5 P、R、H、A
D 申华、藤稔 2 A
E 巨玫瑰、阳光玫瑰、醉金香、申园、申丰、巨峰 8 P、R、H、A
F 申华、夏黑 3 A
G 巨玫瑰、阳光玫瑰、醉金香、申华、巨玫瑰 5 P、R、H、A
), ArticleFig(id=1171734042685784070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Detection parameters and standards

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标类别 分类 参数 检测标准 参考文献
外观物理性状 穗质量 / [14]
粒质量 / [15]
内在营养品质 糖类 果糖 GB 5009.8—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖的测定》
葡萄糖
酸类 总酸 GB 12456—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中总酸的测定》
有机酸 GB 5009.157《食品安全国家标准 食品中有机酸的测定》
营养元素 GB 5009.93《食品安全国家标准 食品中硒的测定》
GB 5009.14《食品安全国家标准 食品中锌的测定》
氨基酸 GB 5009.124《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》
维生素C GB 5009.86《食品安全国家标准 食品中抗坏血酸的测定》
次级代谢物 花青素类 NY/T 2640《植物源性食品中花青素的测定 高效液相色谱法》
综合品质 固酸比 / [16]
可溶性固形物 NY/T 2637《水果和蔬菜可溶性固形物含量的测定 折射仪法》
), ArticleFig(id=1171734042840973319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

检测参数与检测标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标类别 分类 参数 检测标准 参考文献
外观物理性状 穗质量 / [14]
粒质量 / [15]
内在营养品质 糖类 果糖 GB 5009.8—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖的测定》
葡萄糖
酸类 总酸 GB 12456—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中总酸的测定》
有机酸 GB 5009.157《食品安全国家标准 食品中有机酸的测定》
营养元素 GB 5009.93《食品安全国家标准 食品中硒的测定》
GB 5009.14《食品安全国家标准 食品中锌的测定》
氨基酸 GB 5009.124《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》
维生素C GB 5009.86《食品安全国家标准 食品中抗坏血酸的测定》
次级代谢物 花青素类 NY/T 2640《植物源性食品中花青素的测定 高效液相色谱法》
综合品质 固酸比 / [16]
可溶性固形物 NY/T 2637《水果和蔬菜可溶性固形物含量的测定 折射仪法》
), ArticleFig(id=1171734042908082184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Amino acid content in the fruits of 4 Vitis vinifera L. varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类 氨基酸含量/(g/100 g)
巨玫瑰 阳光玫瑰 醉金香 申园
天冬氨酸 0.030±0.011ab 0.027±0.011a 0.027±0.015a 0.038±0.016ab
苏氨酸 0.023±0.008ab 0.017±0.006a 0.022±0.011ab 0.025±0.010b
丝氨酸 0.021±0.007 0.015±0.006 0.019±0.011 0.022±0.009
谷氨酸 0.089±0.019b 0.043±0.018a 0.078±0.030b 0.168±0.048c
脯氨酸 0.067±0.012c 0.043±0.026ab 0.033±0.009a 0.049±0.009b
甘氨酸 0.018±0.006ab 0.016±0.007a 0.016±0.009a 0.024±0.009b
丙氨酸 0.056±0.010b 0.027±0.014a 0.062±0.020b 0.076±0.017c
胱氨酸 0.001±0.001 0.001±0.000 0.001±0.001 0.001±0.001
缬氨酸 0.021±0.007 0.018±0.007 0.021±0.010 0.024±0.009
蛋氨酸 0.003±0.001 0.002±0.001 0.003±0.001 0.003±0.002
异亮氨酸 0.013±0.005 0.012±0.005 0.013±0.007 0.016±0.007
亮氨酸 0.022±0.008 0.020±0.009 0.022±0.012 0.027±0.011
酪氨酸 0.011±0.003ab 0.009±0.003a 0.010±0.004a 0.013±0.005b
苯丙氨酸 0.014±0.005 0.013±0.006 0.014±0.008 0.016±0.007
组氨酸 0.020±0.006ab 0.017±0.006a 0.018±0.009ab 0.024±0.009b
赖氨酸 0.024±0.010 0.023±0.009 0.023±0.013 0.027±0.014
精氨酸 0.150±0.087 0.164±0.078 0.192±0.131 0.156±0.103
), ArticleFig(id=1171734043021328393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

4个葡萄品种果实的氨基酸含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类 氨基酸含量/(g/100 g)
巨玫瑰 阳光玫瑰 醉金香 申园
天冬氨酸 0.030±0.011ab 0.027±0.011a 0.027±0.015a 0.038±0.016ab
苏氨酸 0.023±0.008ab 0.017±0.006a 0.022±0.011ab 0.025±0.010b
丝氨酸 0.021±0.007 0.015±0.006 0.019±0.011 0.022±0.009
谷氨酸 0.089±0.019b 0.043±0.018a 0.078±0.030b 0.168±0.048c
脯氨酸 0.067±0.012c 0.043±0.026ab 0.033±0.009a 0.049±0.009b
甘氨酸 0.018±0.006ab 0.016±0.007a 0.016±0.009a 0.024±0.009b
丙氨酸 0.056±0.010b 0.027±0.014a 0.062±0.020b 0.076±0.017c
胱氨酸 0.001±0.001 0.001±0.000 0.001±0.001 0.001±0.001
缬氨酸 0.021±0.007 0.018±0.007 0.021±0.010 0.024±0.009
蛋氨酸 0.003±0.001 0.002±0.001 0.003±0.001 0.003±0.002
异亮氨酸 0.013±0.005 0.012±0.005 0.013±0.007 0.016±0.007
亮氨酸 0.022±0.008 0.020±0.009 0.022±0.012 0.027±0.011
酪氨酸 0.011±0.003ab 0.009±0.003a 0.010±0.004a 0.013±0.005b
苯丙氨酸 0.014±0.005 0.013±0.006 0.014±0.008 0.016±0.007
组氨酸 0.020±0.006ab 0.017±0.006a 0.018±0.009ab 0.024±0.009b
赖氨酸 0.024±0.010 0.023±0.009 0.023±0.013 0.027±0.014
精氨酸 0.150±0.087 0.164±0.078 0.192±0.131 0.156±0.103
), ArticleFig(id=1171734043109408778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Total content of essential and non-essential amino acids in the fruits of 4 Vitis vinifera L. varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类 氨基酸含量/(g/100 g)
巨玫瑰 阳光玫瑰 醉金香 申园
EAA 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.14
NEAA 0.46 0.36 0.46 0.57
(EAA/TAA)/% 20.7 23.3 20.0 19.5
(EAA/NEAA)/% 26.2 29.2 25.5 24.1
), ArticleFig(id=1171734043189100555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

4个葡萄品种必须和非必须氨基酸含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类 氨基酸含量/(g/100 g)
巨玫瑰 阳光玫瑰 醉金香 申园
EAA 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.14
NEAA 0.46 0.36 0.46 0.57
(EAA/TAA)/% 20.7 23.3 20.0 19.5
(EAA/NEAA)/% 26.2 29.2 25.5 24.1
), ArticleFig(id=1171734043252015116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Eigenvalues and contribution rates of major amino acid components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征值 方差贡献率/% 累积贡献率/%
1 12.301 82.008 82.088
2 1.374 8.158 91.166
), ArticleFig(id=1171734043340095501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

氨基酸主成分的特征值及贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征值 方差贡献率/% 累积贡献率/%
1 12.301 82.008 82.088
2 1.374 8.158 91.166
), ArticleFig(id=1171734043436564494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Factor loading matrix of major amino acid components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
EAA 主成分 NEAA 主成分
1 2 1 2
缬氨酸 0.991 -0.059 天冬氨酸 0.973 -0.013
亮氨酸 0.987 -0.112 甘氨酸 0.948 0.008
组氨酸 0.985 0.033 丝氨酸 0.944 -0.030
异亮氨酸 0.984 -0.125 精氨酸 0.837 -0.264
苯丙氨酸 0.983 -0.120 酪氨酸 0.969 0.017
苏氨酸 0.966 0.007 谷氨酸 0.522 0.808
蛋氨酸 0.776 -0.027 丙氨酸 0.571 0.743
赖氨酸 0.966 -0.225
), ArticleFig(id=1171734043507867663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433741318934542, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

氨基酸主成分的因子载荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
EAA 主成分 NEAA 主成分
1 2 1 2
缬氨酸 0.991 -0.059 天冬氨酸 0.973 -0.013
亮氨酸 0.987 -0.112 甘氨酸 0.948 0.008
组氨酸 0.985 0.033 丝氨酸 0.944 -0.030
异亮氨酸 0.984 -0.125 精氨酸 0.837 -0.264
苯丙氨酸 0.983 -0.120 酪氨酸 0.969 0.017
苏氨酸 0.966 0.007 谷氨酸 0.522 0.808
蛋氨酸 0.776 -0.027 丙氨酸 0.571 0.743
赖氨酸 0.966 -0.225
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上海地区主栽葡萄品种品质评价与分析
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周彬 1 , 杨晓君 1 , 陈柔含 1 , 奚晓军 2 , 查倩 2 , 马颖清 1 , 邓波 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(8): 234-243
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(8): 234-243
上海地区主栽葡萄品种品质评价与分析
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周彬1 , 杨晓君1, 陈柔含1, 奚晓军2, 查倩2, 马颖清1, 邓波1, *
作者信息
  • 1.上海市农产品质量安全中心, 上海 201708
  • 2.上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所, 上海 201403
  • 周彬(1995—), 男, 助理农艺师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与品质分析。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 邓波(1982—), 男, 高级兽医师, 主要研究方向为农产品品质因子精准识别。E-mail:
Quality evaluation and analysis of major Vitis vinifera L. varieties cultivated in the Shanghai Region
Bin ZHOU1 , Xiao-Jun YANG1, Rou-Han CHEN1, Xiao-Jun XI2, Qian ZHA2, Ying-Qing MA1, Bo DENG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Shanghai Agri-products Quality and Safety Center, Shanghai 201708, China
  • 2. Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250109006
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目的 评估上海地区主栽葡萄品种的品质差异, 明确关键品质指标。方法 本研究选取了上海地区7家种植企业的10个主要葡萄品种, 共采集34批次样品。通过分析穗质量、粒质量、果糖、葡萄糖、总酸、维生素C、氨基酸、花青素等12项指标, 从外观物理性状、内在营养品质和综合品质3个方面对葡萄品质进行评估。结果 葡萄品种在外观物理性状、内在营养品质及综合品质方面存在显著差异(P<0.05)。阳光玫瑰在糖酸平衡方面表现突出, 醉金香具有较高的维生素C和综合营养品质, 巨玫瑰在葡萄糖含量上优势明显, 申园的氨基酸总量最高, 但其氨基酸比例需优化。综合分析表明, 糖酸比例、氨基酸组成和果实重量是决定葡萄品质差异的主要因素。结论 上海地区主栽葡萄品种在品质特性上各具优势, 阳光玫瑰、醉金香和巨玫瑰适宜推广作为高端鲜食葡萄。研究结果为葡萄品种选育、种植管理及市场定位提供了科学依据, 并为消费者健康及功能性食品开发提供参考。

上海  /  葡萄  /  品质评价

Objective To evaluate the quality differences among the main Vitis vinifera L. varieties in Shanghai, identify key quality indicators. Methods A total of 34 batches of Vitis vinifera L. samples were collected from 10 major cultivars cultivated by 7 enterprises in Shanghai. Twelve quality parameters, including cluster weight, berry weight, fructose, glucose, total acid, vitamin C, amino acids, and anthocyanins, were analyzed to assess Vitis vinifera L. quality from 3 perspectives: Physical appearance, intrinsic nutritional quality and overall quality. Results There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the physical appearance, intrinsic nutritional quality and overall quality of Vitis vinifera L. varieties. Shine Muscat performed exceptionally well in sugar-acid balance, Zuijinxiang showed high levels of vitamin C and overall nutritional quality, Jumeigui had a notable advantage in fructose and glucose content, and Shenyuan exhibited the highest total amino acids, though the amino acid composition needs optimization. Principal component analysis revealed that the main factors contributing to quality differences were the sugar-acid ratio, amino acid composition and fruit weight. Conclusion The major Vitis vinifera L. cultivars in Shanghai exhibit distinct quality advantages. Shine Muscat, Zuijinxiang and Jumeigui are particularly suitable for promotion as premium table Vitis vinifera L. varieties. These findings provide a scientific basis for Vitis vinifera L. varieties breeding, cultivation management, and market positioning, while also serving as a reference for consumer health and the development of functional foods.

Shanghai  /  Vitis vinifera L.  /  quality evaluation
周彬, 杨晓君, 陈柔含, 奚晓军, 查倩, 马颖清, 邓波. 上海地区主栽葡萄品种品质评价与分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (8) : 234 -243 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250109006
Bin ZHOU, Xiao-Jun YANG, Rou-Han CHEN, Xiao-Jun XI, Qian ZHA, Ying-Qing MA, Bo DENG. Quality evaluation and analysis of major Vitis vinifera L. varieties cultivated in the Shanghai Region[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (8) : 234 -243 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250109006
近年来, 我国农业供给侧结构性改革推动了葡萄产业向高质量发展的方向转型。作为农业经济的重要组成部分, 葡萄产业正由数量扩张逐步转向质量与效益并重。提升葡萄品质不仅满足消费者对健康与口感的需求, 也为高端葡萄酒及深加工产品提供优质原料, 进一步增强产业竞争力[1-3]。因此, 以质量提升为核心, 推动全产业链标准化建设, 是实现葡萄产业转型升级的关键举措。上海作为经济龙头城市, 在地产葡萄产业中展现出强大的推动作用。通过科研支持、种植技术优化和完善的物流体系, 上海在葡萄品质提升和市场扩展中具有显著优势。数据显示, 上海葡萄种植面积约2090公顷, 总产量3.7万t, 总产值超6亿元, 亩均产值达2万元, 凸显其在都市农业中的重要地位。同时, 过去10年间, 上海葡萄总产量下降约60%, 但得益于控产优质技术的应用, 每亩产量仍保持在1.3 t左右, 反映出产业正从数量扩张向质量提升转型。此外, 上海种植的主要品种以“阳光玫瑰”“巨峰”“醉金香”“夏黑”等中熟品种为主, 占比超90%, 体现了市场对优质品种的偏好[4-5]
葡萄品质由外观、内在营养成分及综合品质决定, 其中穗质量、粒质量、糖类和酸类等是核心评价指标[6-10]。目前我国对葡萄的品质评价主要集中在酿酒葡萄、野生葡萄和鲜食葡萄, 而国外研究则局限于葡萄汁和葡萄酒, 缺乏对不同葡萄品种营养品质的完整、系统性评价体系[11]。此外, 当前国内外研究主要关注品种、外源处理对葡萄抗性及性状的影响, 以及部分鲜食葡萄的口感和风味, 然而对不同品种葡萄果实中营养元素含量差异的研究较少, 且多聚焦于单一品种或特定指标, 缺乏对不同品种综合品质的系统性分析, 且较少结合产业实际需求进行深入探讨[11-13]。因此, 本研究聚焦于上海地区7家种植企业的10个主要品种, 综合评价葡萄品种的品质, 为葡萄产业的高质量发展提供科学依据与技术支持。
本研究从7家葡萄种植企业采集了34批次样品(2024年7月22日—2024年8月3日), 涵盖巨峰、夏黑、巨玫瑰、申丰、申华、申园、阳光玫瑰、醉金香、金手指和藤稔等10个主要葡萄品种, 每批次样品采样量为2 kg。将采集的葡萄样品尽快送至实验室冷藏保存, 并进行各指标的检测分析。检测部位包括葡萄皮(P)、葡萄肉(R)、皮肉混合(H)、整穗(A)等, 详细信息见表1
茚三酮、柠檬酸钠缓冲液、钾钠缓冲液(分析纯, 德国塞卡姆公司); 乙酸锌、冰乙酸、亚铁氰化钾、酚酞、氢氧化钠滴定溶液、磷酸、偏磷酸、磷酸三钠、磷酸氢二钠、L-半胱氨酸、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、盐酸、无水乙醇(分析纯, 中国医药集团有限公司); 乙腈、甲醇、甲酸(分析纯, 德国默克公司); 硝酸(分析纯, 苏州晶瑞电子材料股份有限公司)。
S-433Dsp氨基酸分析仪(德国赛卡姆公司); Agilent 1260液相色谱仪(美国安捷伦科技有限公司); U3000液相色谱仪(美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司); PE 350X ICP-MS电感耦合等离子体质谱仪形态分析仪[珀金埃尔默仪器(上海)有限公司]; ML204电子天平[精确度0.0001 g, 瑞士梅特勒-托利多国际贸易(上海)有限公司]; HWS-26恒温水浴锅(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司); MEMMERT UF260高温烘箱(德国美墨尔特有限公司); Talboys涡旋振荡器(美国Talboys公司); MILLI-Q REFERENCE A+超纯水仪(密理博中国有限公司)。
从外观物理性状(穗质量和粒质量)、内在营养品质(果糖、葡萄糖、总酸、有机酸、硒、锌、维生素C、氨基酸和花青素类)和综合品质(固酸比和可溶性固形物)3方面进行品质评价, 共计12项参数。样品处理方法及各项指标检测标准见表2
其中, 测定品种(申丰、申华、藤稔、夏黑、醉金香、巨玫瑰、阳光玫瑰、金手指、巨峰、申园)在果穗商品成熟期随机抽取, 每品种采样5穗, 3次重复(共15穗)。穗质量: 称量5穗总重, 计算平均值及范围。粒质量: 每穗随机取上、中、下部各1~2粒(共4粒), 每样20粒, 称重后计算平均值。此外, 通过测定葡萄中的可溶性固形物含量和总酸含量后, 计算其比值得到固酸比, 用于评价葡萄果实的风味平衡和成熟度。
利用Excel 2019(美国Microsoft公司)和Graphpad Prism 9.1(美国Graphpad Software公司)对实验数据进行初步整理与制图后, 数据结果均以平均值表示, 运用SPSS 20(美国IBM公司)进行氨基酸营养价值主成分分析。
结果如图1A所示, 不同葡萄品种的穗质量存在显著差异(P<0.05), 范围从金手指的最低值(311.0 g)到阳光玫瑰的最高值(688.6 g)。藤稔(648.7 g)和申华(625.4 g)的穗质量也较高, 接近阳光玫瑰。其他品种如申丰、夏黑、醉金香、巨峰和申园的穗质量分布在424.3~503.6 g之间。粒质量的差异更为显著(P<0.05), 最高为藤稔可达22.68 g, 其次为阳光玫瑰17.68 g, 申华16.15 g, 金手指最低为7.00 g(图1B)。
本研究选取备受关注的葡萄品种, 对其关键营养成分的含量进行了系统分析, 揭示其对葡萄品质和功能价值的影响。其中, 阳光玫瑰的口感深受消费者青睐, 巨玫瑰和醉金香风味独特受到广泛关注, 而申园是近年来种植面积增长较快的新品种。并且, 根据9个葡萄品种在营养成分和品质特性上表现出的差异, 对这4个优质葡萄品种重点分析, 为满足不同市场需求和种植目标提供参考依据。
图2所示, 不同品种间果糖含量无显著性差异, 范围为7.60 g/100 g(阳光玫瑰)到8.29 g/100 g(申园)。葡萄糖含量在品种间差异较大, 其中醉金香和巨玫瑰显著高于阳光玫瑰和申园(P<0.05)。醉金香的酒石酸含量最高, 其次为阳光玫瑰、巨玫瑰和申园。苹果酸含量方面, 申园含量最高且显著高于其他3个品种(P<0.05)。醉金香的维生素C含量最高, 巨玫瑰和申园次之, 而阳光玫瑰最低, 仅为2.010 mg/100 g。在总酸含量的测定中, 醉金香最高, 阳光玫瑰最低。
由以上实验结果可以看出, 不同葡萄品种之间内在营养品质差异显著(P<0.05)。巨玫瑰在果糖和葡萄糖含量方面接近醉金香, 同时维生素C含量也较高, 综合品质较佳。申园虽然在果糖和葡萄糖含量方面表现良好, 但苹果酸含量较高, 可能对口感产生一定影响。醉金香在葡萄糖、酒石酸和维生素C含量方面表现突出, 是营养成分较为丰富的品种, 综合营养品质较优, 适合作为鲜食葡萄推广。而阳光玫瑰在糖酸平衡方面表现突出, 需进一步改善维生素C含量提高营养价值。
图3所示, 在4个葡萄品种中, 申园的果皮和果肉中的氨基酸含量最高, 而其皮肉混合物中氨基酸含量最低。4个葡萄品种间的氨基酸总量排序为: 申园>巨玫瑰>醉金香>阳光玫瑰, 氨基酸总量多少可能与品种的遗传背景及生长环境密切相关(图3D)。
从氨基酸组成来看, 4个品种中精氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸和丙氨酸为主要成分, 占氨基酸总量的60%以上(表3)。
表4所示, 申园的总氨基酸含量最高, 尽管阳光玫瑰总氨基酸含量略低, 但EAA/TAA和EAA/NEAA比值均最高, 表明其蛋白质营养质量更优。主成分分析结果显示有2个主成分特征值均大于1, 累积贡献率可达到91.166%(表5)。具体地, 如表6所示, 第1主成分(F1): 特征值12.301, 贡献率82.008%, 主要反映缬氨酸、亮氨酸、组氨酸等氨基酸信息, 与15种氨基酸均正相关, 其中缬氨酸贡献最大。其次, 第2主成分(F2): 特征值1.374, 贡献率91.166%, 主要反映谷氨酸、赖氨酸等信息, 与部分氨基酸正相关、部分负相关, 其中谷氨酸贡献最大。综上, 组氨酸在两个主成分中均呈高贡献。
基于每个主成分对应的载荷因子作为权重构建的综合评价模型, 计算得出各品种的综合评价得分(图4)。通过对得分进行归一化处理, 得到4个品种在果皮、果肉及皮肉混合物中的氨基酸含量排名(图5)。通过综合评价模型F=0.820×F1+0.082×F2, 对不同葡萄品种的氨基酸得分进行综合排名。结果显示, 申园-P-1、醉金香-P-3、醉金香-P-1在排名中位列前三, 表现出显著的氨基酸含量优势。分析不同品种和部位的综合得分发现, 整体上, 葡萄不同部位中氨基酸占比情况不同。其中, 申园和醉金香的不同部位得分较高, 阳光玫瑰各部位得分普遍偏低, 表明品种和部位显著影响葡萄氨基酸的综合评价结果。
图6显示了不同葡萄品种果实中锌和硒含量的差异。阳光玫瑰和巨玫瑰品种的锌含量较高, 而申园和醉金香的锌含量相对较低, 但不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。硒含量在不同品种间变化较小, 其中巨玫瑰的硒含量最高, 阳光玫瑰次之。相较于葡萄代表值, 4个品种的锌和硒含量均显著更高(P<0.05)。
结果如图7所示, 不同品种和样品部位对花青素含量有较大影响, 但4个品种的葡萄果肉中花青素含量间无显著差异(P>0.05)。巨玫瑰果皮中花青素含量最高, 果肉和皮肉混合物中花青素含量相对较低; 醉金香果皮中花青素含量最高, 其次是皮肉混合物和果肉。总体而言, 各品种果皮中的花青素含量远高于果肉和皮肉混合物, 且申园的果皮、果肉、皮肉混合物中的花青素含量也显著高于其他品种(P<0.05), 表现出较强的营养优势。
4个葡萄品种果实固酸比范围为58.7%~74.1%, 最高为巨玫瑰, 最低为阳光玫瑰; 可溶性固形物含量为16.58~ 19.40 g/100 g, 巨玫瑰和醉金香超过了19.00 g/100 g, 阳光玫瑰最低(图8)。由此可以看出, 不同葡萄品种之间综合营养品质也较为不同。总体来看, 巨玫瑰在固酸比和可溶性固形物含量上显著高于阳光玫瑰(P<0.05)。
综上, 不同葡萄品种的穗质量、粒质量存在显著差异 (P<0.05)。果糖含量无显著差异(P>0.05), 葡萄糖在醉金香和巨玫瑰中较高。酒石酸醉金香最高, 苹果酸申园最高。维生素C以醉金香最高, 阳光玫瑰最低。申园氨基酸总量最高, 阳光玫瑰蛋白质营养质量优。阳光玫瑰和巨玫瑰锌含量较高, 巨玫瑰硒含量最高。花青素以申园最高, 果皮含量明显高于果肉。巨玫瑰固酸比最高, 阳光玫瑰最低; 可溶性固形物在巨玫瑰和醉金香中较高。
本研究通过对7家葡萄种植企业的34批次样品进行综合分析, 探讨了不同葡萄品种在外观物理性状、内在营养品质和综合品质方面的表现及其差异。这些差异不仅对葡萄的市场价值产生显著影响, 也对消费者健康和种植实践提供了指导意义。
葡萄的外观品质是影响其市场竞争力的关键因素, 主要表现为穗质量和粒质量等指标的差异, 外观品质分析有助于优化品种选择和流通策略[17]。本研究发现, 不同葡萄品种在这些方面具有显著差异。例如, 阳光玫瑰粒大皮薄, 显示出较高的商品价值, 适合高端市场推广, 但易受机械损伤, 需精细包装和冷链运输。金手指和夏黑的果皮较厚, 耐储运性更佳, 适合长途运输, 不过外观品质相对较弱, 需通过优化种植条件提升商品价值。申华则在穗重和粒重表现均衡, 在运输和销售过程中兼具一定的抗损性和良好的外观吸引力, 推广潜力较高。申华穗重均衡, 具备良好的市场适应性。这些差异可能与品种的遗传特性及生长环境密切相关。因此, 通过优化栽培技术, 如合理控制肥水管理和采收时期, 可有效改善葡萄外观品质[18-19]。我国关于葡萄果实质量等级的标准NY/T 470—2001《鲜食葡萄》已作废, 程大伟等[20]初步制定了河南省“夏黑”葡萄果实质量等级标准, 为生产优质“夏黑”葡萄提供了参考依据。
葡萄的内在营养品质直接影响葡萄的风味和营养价值[21]。本研究显示, 不同品种在糖类和有机酸含量方面差异显著。例如, 醉金香在葡萄糖、酒石酸和维生素C含量上表现优异, 适合作为鲜食品种推广。糖酸平衡是影响葡萄口感的关键指标[22-23], 巨玫瑰和醉金香因较高的糖含量和适中的酸味, 风味更佳。阳光玫瑰糖酸比协调, 口感清甜柔和, 符合大众偏好。醉金香葡萄糖含量高, 搭配适量酒石酸, 使其风味浓郁、略带微酸, 层次丰富。申园虽糖含量较高, 但苹果酸比例大, 可能带来酸涩感。葡萄中主要的苹果酸和酒石酸赋予特有酸味, 还具抗氧化功能, 利于健康[24]。维生素C是的重要抗氧化物质, 醉金香含量最高, 有助于提升免疫力。通过优化栽培管理, 如选择适宜的土壤和气候条件, 进一步提升葡萄营养价值及市场竞争力。
氨基酸是葡萄中的重要营养成分, 直接影响葡萄的风味和营养价值[25]。研究结果表明, 不同品种葡萄的氨基酸含量差异较大, 尤其是精氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸和丙氨酸等EAA的含量, 与其他文献研究结论一致[26-27]。这些氨基酸不仅是葡萄蛋白质合成的基础, 还对葡萄的风味有显著影响。例如, 申园在氨基酸总量上表现优异, 其氨基酸总量最高, 但其氨基酸组成中NEAA的比例较高, 这可能影响其在某些健康功能产品中的应用。EAA与NEAA的比例是评价葡萄营养质量的一个重要指标[27], EAA/TAA和EAA/NEAA比值均最高的阳光玫瑰含有丰富的蛋白质。然而, 申园虽然TAA含量较高, 但其NEAA含量较高, 更适合在功能性食品领域进行开发。因此, 针对不同的应用需求, 如鲜食、干制或功能性食品开发, 选择不同的葡萄品种将是关键。此外, 葡萄中的氨基酸含量与葡萄的生长环境、土壤质量、气候条件以及栽培技术等密切相关[28]。通过优化栽培环境和栽培管理, 如合理灌溉、施肥和温度控制, 可以有效提高葡萄中的氨基酸含量, 从而提高其整体营养价值。
F1反映了缬氨酸、亮氨酸和组氨酸等氨基酸的含量, 这些氨基酸在蛋白质合成、肌肉生长及修复中具有重要作用, 因此F1的高贡献率表明葡萄中EAA比例较高, 有助于提升其作为蛋白质来源的潜力。F2主要与谷氨酸和赖氨酸相关, 其中谷氨酸在神经传递和新陈代谢中发挥重要作用, 而赖氨酸则与蛋白质合成及修复密切相关。整体来看, 不同葡萄品种的氨基酸组成特征直接影响其营养价值, 如阳光玫瑰的EAA/TAA和EAA/NEAA比值较高, 表明其蛋白质营养质量更优, 更符合高营养需求消费者的选择, 而申园虽然总氨基酸含量最高, 但因NEAA比例较高, 可能影响其营养均衡性。
锌是植物必需的微量元素, 参与光合作用、激素调控及抗氧化代谢, 有助于提高葡萄的抗逆性和果实品质[29]。对于人体而言, 锌在免疫调节、蛋白质合成及抗氧化过程中起关键作用, 富锌葡萄的食用价值更高。硒因其抗氧化和免疫增强功能, 被认为对心血管健康和抗衰老具有积极影响[30]。本研究中不同品种在硒含量上差异不显著, 但在锌含量上, 金手指和醉金香表现较佳, 说明这些品种在矿物质积累方面具有优势。通过富硒肥料或叶面施硒等措施, 可提升葡萄的的功能性价值。
花青素是葡萄皮中的主要次级代谢产物, 赋予深色葡萄如巨玫瑰更强的抗氧化功能和视觉吸引力[31]。花青素不仅决定了葡萄的外观, 还能清除自由基, 减少氧化损伤, 对健康具有重要作用[32]。巨玫瑰的花青素含量显著高于浅色品种如阳光玫瑰和金手指。此外, 深色葡萄因富含花青素, 在葡萄酒、果汁及功能性食品加工方面更具价值。通过调整种植区域或管理光照条件, 可进一步提升深色葡萄品种的花青素含量, 增强其市场竞争力和健康功能性[33]
固酸比直接影响葡萄的甜酸平衡和口感, 可溶性固形物直接反映葡萄的甜度和成熟度[34-35]。综合分析发现, 固酸比在不同品种间表现出显著差异, 固酸比的高低不仅与葡萄的糖类和有机酸含量相关, 还受到葡萄成熟度和采摘时间的影响[36]。高固酸比的品种适合鲜食市场, 而低固酸比的品种更适合用于酿酒。不同葡萄品种的可溶性固形物含量存在显著差异, 其中较甜的阳光玫瑰和醉金香含量较高, 更受消费者欢迎, 这与黄迪等[37]研究结果一致。对于酿酒用葡萄, 高可溶性固形物含量意味着更高的糖分含量, 从而有助于增加酒精发酵的产率[38-39]。因此, 通过合理控制成熟度和采摘时机, 可进一步优化这些品质指标, 满足多样化市场需求。
各营养成分与综合品质之间的关系分析表明, 总糖与总酸之间无明显相关性。为了提高葡萄的综合品质, 建议平衡醉金香和巨玫瑰的糖类、酸类和维生素C含量, 改善申园的苹果酸含量, 提升糖酸平衡, 提高阳光玫瑰的维生素C含量, 从而提升其营养价值和消费者的接受度。
根据实验结果, 阳光玫瑰、醉金香和巨玫瑰在外观与营养品质上表现较优, 适合高端鲜食市场或功能性食品开发。而金手指和夏黑需改良栽培条件, 或通过开发干制葡萄、葡萄汁等产品, 开拓特定市场领域, 提高竞争力。
本研究系统分析了不同葡萄品种的外观物理性状、内在营养品质及综合品质, 揭示了品种间的显著差异。结果表明, 外观特性直接影响葡萄的市场价值, 而糖类、有机酸及氨基酸等内在成分决定了葡萄的风味与营养价值。优化栽培技术和合理品种选择可以显著提升葡萄的商品价值和营养品质, 从而推动产业发展。然而, 本研究存在一定局限性, 未来研究应聚焦于次级代谢产物及环境因素对葡萄品质的影响。例如, 尽管多酚类物质已知具有潜在的健康益处, 但其在不同葡萄品种中的分布及作用仍需深入探讨。同时, 气候变化对葡萄生长与品质的影响尚未被充分评估, 特别是在不同气候条件下葡萄品种的适应性及其对营养品质的影响, 需要在未来研究中进一步展开。此外, 本研究主要聚焦于葡萄的外观和营养品质, 未来可扩展至鲜食葡萄、葡萄干、葡萄汁以及功能性食品等多样化产品的开发与应用, 以更全面地评估葡萄的市场应用潜力和产业化发展。在实际应用中, 通过选择适合的品种和优化栽培管理, 可以提升葡萄的外观质量与营养成分, 增强市场竞争力, 并满足消费者的健康需求。
  • 上海市科委“科技创新行动计划”项目(23N71900300)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250109006
  • 接收时间:2025-01-09
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-09
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上海市科委“科技创新行动计划”项目(23N71900300)
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    1.上海市农产品质量安全中心, 上海 201708
    2.上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所, 上海 201403

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* 邓波(1982—), 男, 高级兽医师, 主要研究方向为农产品品质因子精准识别。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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