Article(id=1153433737950913026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241206005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733414400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929632890, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929632890, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929632890, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929632890, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433737141412332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929632696, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757293087150, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1171735391666225233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1171735391666225234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=9, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433738387120656, articleId=1153433737950913026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Production and inhibition of harmful substances in hot processing of fish, columnId=1151923891565326960, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Processing and Quality Safety of Aquatic Products, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effects of curcumin and vitamin C supplementation on harmful substances heterocyclic amines (HAAs) and advanced glycation end products advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in Salmon salar roasting process inhibition and the effect of exogenous additives on the flavor of grilled Salmon salar. Methods The concentrations of HAAs and AGEs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the inhibitory mechanism of reducing sugar, creatine, creatinine, glyoxal and other precursors and lipid oxidation levels were further determined. The changes of volatile flavor of Salmon salar during baking were analyzed by gas chromatography and ion migration spectrometry. Results Compared with the control group, curcumin and vitamin C showed significant inhibitory effects on HAAs and AGEs (P˂0.05), and the total HAAs inhibition rates were 75.21% and 59.52%, respectively. The inhibition rates of Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine in AGEs were 90.56% and 90.87%, respectively. The inhibition rates of Nε-carboxymethl-lysine were 94.57% and 94.80%. The concentrations of precursors such as reducing sugar, creatine, creatinine and glyoxal were highly correlated with the content of HAAs and AGEs. In addition, volatile flavor analysis showed that the addition of curcumin and vitamin C had a certain effect on the flavor of grilled Salmon salar, and increased the concentration of aroma compounds such as 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2,6-dimethyl- 7-octene-2-ol and menthol, which contributed to the overall smell of Salmon salar. Conclusion Curcumin and vitamin C affect the key precursors and intermediates in the formation of HAAs and AGEs, and have a significant inhibitory effect. The development of this study provides theoretical guidance for the control of harmful substances in hot processing of fish products, and provides reference for optimizing the processing technology of fish products.

, correspAuthors=Si-Min ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yi YUAN, Rui-Xue ZHAO, Jun-Yu WANG, Tian-Hao ZHANG, Song-Yi LIN, Si-Min ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433749237785535, articleId=1153433737950913026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=鱼肉热加工中有害物的生成及抑制研究, columnId=1153433738143851016, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:水产品加工与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究姜黄素和维生素C添加对三文鱼烤制过程中有害物杂环胺(heterocyclic amines, HAAs)和晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products, AGEs)的抑制作用, 以及外源添加物对烤三文鱼风味的影响。方法 通过高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定HAAs和AGEs浓度, 进一步测定还原糖、肌酸、肌酐、乙二醛等前体物以及脂质氧化水平解析其抑制机制, 运用气相色谱-离子迁移谱法分析三文鱼烤制中挥发性风味变化。结果 与对照组相比, 姜黄素和维生素C对HAAs和AGEs表现出显著抑制效果(P˂0.05), 总HAAs抑制率分别为75.21%和59.52%; AGEs中Nε-羧甲基赖氨酸抑制率分别为90.56%和90.87%, Nε-羧乙基赖氨酸抑制率为94.57%和94.80%。还原糖、肌酸、肌酐、乙二醛等前体物浓度与HAAs和AGEs含量呈现高度相关。此外, 通过挥发性风味分析表明添加姜黄素和维生素C对烤三文鱼风味有一定影响, 增加了香味物质3-羟基-2-丁酮、2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇、薄荷醇等化合物浓度, 为三文鱼总体气味贡献重要作用。结论 姜黄素和维生素C影响了HAAs和AGEs形成的关键前体物、中间体, 具有显著抑制效果。本研究的开展为鱼肉制品热加工有害物控制提供了理论指导, 并为优化鱼肉制品加工工艺提供了参考。

, correspAuthors=张思敏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张思敏(1992—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为水产品加工与品质控制。E-mail:
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袁怡(2001—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为水产品加工有害物控制。E-mail:

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袁怡(2001—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为水产品加工有害物控制。E-mail:

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School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
2. Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food of Liaoning Province, Food Engineering, Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116034, China
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2.辽宁省特殊膳食食品工程研究中心, 辽宁省食品工程技术研究中心, 大连 116034
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2. Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food of Liaoning Province, Food Engineering, Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116034, China
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Fisheries Science, 2014, 80: 1097-1107., articleTitle=Effects of heating conditions on fatty acids and volatile compounds in foot muscle of abalone Haliotis discus hannai ino, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1171733839446581885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, awardId=2022RQ003, language=CN, fundingSource=大连市科技人才创新支持政策项目(2022RQ003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1171733839509496446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, awardId=2023YFD2100200, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2100200), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1171733835302609461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171733835310998070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, companyId=1171733835302609461, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171733835503936062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, companyId=1171733835478770236, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.国家海洋食品工程技术研究中心, 大连 116034)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1171733837802414699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=HAAs generation mechanisms, figureFileSmall=KpYpoob74+ZHBv4x1dyNWg==, figureFileBig=jn/4aPEmxmJQylzUPXugKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733837877912172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=CN, label=图1, caption=HAAs生成机制, figureFileSmall=KpYpoob74+ZHBv4x1dyNWg==, figureFileBig=jn/4aPEmxmJQylzUPXugKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733837965992557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=GC-IMS spectra of volatile organic compounds in grilled Salmon salar, figureFileSmall=q795riTV0Y+TBnwCyutsjg==, figureFileBig=H/cQYVEZaRPqex/WRFMcgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733838024712814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=CN, label=图2, caption=烤三文鱼中挥发性有机物的GC-IMS谱图

注: a. 对照组; b. 姜黄素组; c. 维生素C组。

, figureFileSmall=q795riTV0Y+TBnwCyutsjg==, figureFileBig=H/cQYVEZaRPqex/WRFMcgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733838108598895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Fingerprint spectra of volatile organic compounds of grilled Salmon salar, figureFileSmall=XqnJPWDjtxI+8CYIsFbgFg==, figureFileBig=mzSsHEDVyS2WmCWm9Mu14g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733838192484976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=CN, label=图3, caption=烤三文鱼中挥发性有机物的指纹谱图, figureFileSmall=XqnJPWDjtxI+8CYIsFbgFg==, figureFileBig=mzSsHEDVyS2WmCWm9Mu14g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733838280565361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of curcumin and vitamin C on HAAs and AGEs in grilled Salmon salar

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
有害物种类 浓度/(μg/kg)
对照组 姜黄素组 维生素C组
IQx 0.92±0.00
MeIQ 0.63±0.00
8-MeIQx 0.50±0.02 0.70±0.00
4,8-DiMeIQx 0.03±0.00b 0.25±0.00a 0.17±0.00a
Norharman 14.65±0.0a 2.30±0.03c 5.65±0.03b
Harman 0.70±0.00b 1.41±0.00a 1.54±0.02a
PhIP 4.14±0.00a 0.76±0.01b 0.47±0.00b
总HAAs 21.08±0.05a 5.22±0.04c 8.53±0.05b
CML 32.10±0.19a 3.03±1.09b 2.93±1.31b
CEL 26.34±1.02a 1.43±0.09b 1.37±0.40b
), ArticleFig(id=1171733838372840050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

姜黄素和维生素C对烤三文鱼中HAAs和AGEs的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
有害物种类 浓度/(μg/kg)
对照组 姜黄素组 维生素C组
IQx 0.92±0.00
MeIQ 0.63±0.00
8-MeIQx 0.50±0.02 0.70±0.00
4,8-DiMeIQx 0.03±0.00b 0.25±0.00a 0.17±0.00a
Norharman 14.65±0.0a 2.30±0.03c 5.65±0.03b
Harman 0.70±0.00b 1.41±0.00a 1.54±0.02a
PhIP 4.14±0.00a 0.76±0.01b 0.47±0.00b
总HAAs 21.08±0.05a 5.22±0.04c 8.53±0.05b
CML 32.10±0.19a 3.03±1.09b 2.93±1.31b
CEL 26.34±1.02a 1.43±0.09b 1.37±0.40b
), ArticleFig(id=1171733838431560307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Changes of physical and chemical indexes of grilled Salmon salar

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 pH 水分含量/% 烹饪损失/%
生肉 7.00±0.01b 53.95±0.69a
对照组 7.30±0.00a 41.70±0.45b 67.93±0.83a
姜黄素组 6.32±0.04c 41.45±0.81b 68.53±0.40a
维生素C组 6.34±0.01c 41.86±0.92b 68.30±0.89a
), ArticleFig(id=1171733838519640692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

烤三文鱼理化指标的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 pH 水分含量/% 烹饪损失/%
生肉 7.00±0.01b 53.95±0.69a
对照组 7.30±0.00a 41.70±0.45b 67.93±0.83a
姜黄素组 6.32±0.04c 41.45±0.81b 68.53±0.40a
维生素C组 6.34±0.01c 41.86±0.92b 68.30±0.89a
), ArticleFig(id=1171733838582555253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Amino acids composition of grilled Salmon salar (mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 生肉 对照组 姜黄素组 维生素C组
谷氨酸 1.23±0.04a 1.29±0.06a 0.46±0.00b 0.51±0.00b
脯氨酸 0.40±0.03b 0.77±0.04a 0.36±0.02b 0.38±0.02b
甘氨酸 2.11±0.07a 2.10±0.10a 1.38±0.00b 0.65±0.85c
丙氨酸 3.84±1.13b 7.55±0.33a 3.62±0.00b 3.85±0.04b
半胱氨酸 0.06±0.00c 0.09±0.00c 0.20±0.00a 0.15±0.06a
缬氨酸 1.01±0.04b 1.78±0.07a 0.93±0.00b 0.99±0.02b
蛋氨酸 0.34±0.01a 0.10±0.00c 0.08±0.00c 0.15±0.08b
异亮氨酸 0.33±0.01b 0.65±0.03a 0.28±0.00b 0.27±0.00b
亮氨酸 1.09±0.09b 1.46±0.06a 0.73±0.00c 0.71±0.00c
酪氨酸 0.53±0.07b 0.73±0.03a 0.41±0.00c 0.42±0.00c
苯丙氨酸 1.12±0.26a 1.11±0.05a 0.45±0.00b 0.45±0.00b
赖氨酸 0.95±0.17b 1.02±0.03a 0.07±0.00c 0.08±0.00c
组氨酸 1.31±0.19a 0.95±0.03b 0.38±0.00c 0.43±0.03c
精氨酸 0.18±0.01 0.15±0.01
总HAAs 23.57±1.94b 36.34±1.02a 15.97±0.69c 15.48±0.23c
), ArticleFig(id=1171733838653858422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

烤三文鱼中氨基酸组成(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 生肉 对照组 姜黄素组 维生素C组
谷氨酸 1.23±0.04a 1.29±0.06a 0.46±0.00b 0.51±0.00b
脯氨酸 0.40±0.03b 0.77±0.04a 0.36±0.02b 0.38±0.02b
甘氨酸 2.11±0.07a 2.10±0.10a 1.38±0.00b 0.65±0.85c
丙氨酸 3.84±1.13b 7.55±0.33a 3.62±0.00b 3.85±0.04b
半胱氨酸 0.06±0.00c 0.09±0.00c 0.20±0.00a 0.15±0.06a
缬氨酸 1.01±0.04b 1.78±0.07a 0.93±0.00b 0.99±0.02b
蛋氨酸 0.34±0.01a 0.10±0.00c 0.08±0.00c 0.15±0.08b
异亮氨酸 0.33±0.01b 0.65±0.03a 0.28±0.00b 0.27±0.00b
亮氨酸 1.09±0.09b 1.46±0.06a 0.73±0.00c 0.71±0.00c
酪氨酸 0.53±0.07b 0.73±0.03a 0.41±0.00c 0.42±0.00c
苯丙氨酸 1.12±0.26a 1.11±0.05a 0.45±0.00b 0.45±0.00b
赖氨酸 0.95±0.17b 1.02±0.03a 0.07±0.00c 0.08±0.00c
组氨酸 1.31±0.19a 0.95±0.03b 0.38±0.00c 0.43±0.03c
精氨酸 0.18±0.01 0.15±0.01
总HAAs 23.57±1.94b 36.34±1.02a 15.97±0.69c 15.48±0.23c
), ArticleFig(id=1171733838737744503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Content of HAAs and AGEs precursors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 还原糖含量/(mg/mL) 肌酸含量/(μmol/L) 肌酐含量/(μmol/L)
生肉 0.65±0.03b 720.20±9.87d 0.06±0.00c
对照组 2.84±0.05a 1183.89±39.67a 2.48±0.18b
姜黄素组 0.43±0.01c 1148.57±23.24c 3.51±0.19a
维生素C组 0.39±0.00c 1174.12±26.46b 3.78±0.17a
), ArticleFig(id=1171733838800659064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

HAAs和AGEs各前体物含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 还原糖含量/(mg/mL) 肌酸含量/(μmol/L) 肌酐含量/(μmol/L)
生肉 0.65±0.03b 720.20±9.87d 0.06±0.00c
对照组 2.84±0.05a 1183.89±39.67a 2.48±0.18b
姜黄素组 0.43±0.01c 1148.57±23.24c 3.51±0.19a
维生素C组 0.39±0.00c 1174.12±26.46b 3.78±0.17a
), ArticleFig(id=1171733838867767929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of curcumin and vitamin C on lipid oxidation in grilled Salmon salar

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 TBARS
/(mg MDA/kg)
POV/(mmol/kg)
生肉 0.65±0.01c 7.96±0.04c
对照组 0.87±0.01b 10.70±0.31b
姜黄素组 0.86±0.01b 12.42±0.53a
维生素C组 0.90±0.00a 11.09±0.82b
), ArticleFig(id=1171733838943265402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

姜黄素和维生素C对烤三文鱼中脂质氧化影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 TBARS
/(mg MDA/kg)
POV/(mmol/kg)
生肉 0.65±0.01c 7.96±0.04c
对照组 0.87±0.01b 10.70±0.31b
姜黄素组 0.86±0.01b 12.42±0.53a
维生素C组 0.90±0.00a 11.09±0.82b
), ArticleFig(id=1171733839060705915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Volatile organic compounds in grilled Salmon salar

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 分子式 相对分子量 保留时间指数 保留时间/s 扩散系数/a.u. 注释
3-戊醇 C5H12O 88.1 1146.9 1.43713 559.559
正己醛 C6H12O 100.2 1114.4 1.25947 503.132 单体
正己醛 C6H12O 100.2 1114.4 1.25947 503.132 多聚体
2-甲基丙醇 C4H10O 74.1 1107.2 1.33837 491.387
薄荷醇 C10H20O 156.3 1178.1 1.21195 619.882
芳樟醇氧化物 C10H18O2 170.3 1081.5 1.80208 455.236
丙醛 C3H6O 58.1 757.4 1.06573 218.488 单体
丙醛 C3H6O 58.1 757.4 1.06573 218.488 多聚体
2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇 C10H20O 156.3 1072.2 443.595 1.88478
2-羟基苯甲醛 C7H6O2 122.1 1046.1 412.421 1.14418
二甲基甲酰胺 C3H7NO 73.1 1310.9 828.78 1.04938
邻二甲苯 C8H10 106.2 1201.4 661.548 1.04251
甲酸戊酯 C9H10O3 166.2 133 4.1 869.676 1.08667
3-甲基-2-丁烯醛 C5H8O 84.1 1198.7 657.823 1.35476
反式-2-戊烯醛 C5H8O 84.1 1121.0 514.058 1.09222
乙酸甲酯 C3H6O2 74.1 803.6 240.584 1.06541
D-柠檬烯 C10H16 136.2 1152.8 570.501 1.22601
3-羟基-2-丁酮 C4H8O2 88.0 1296.7 804.675 1.04595
正丙醇 C3H8O 60.1 1059.3 427.899 1.11995
3-甲氧基丁醛 C5H10O 86.1 903.5 296.2 1.20831
), ArticleFig(id=1171733839144591996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433737950913026, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

烤三文鱼中挥发性有机物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 分子式 相对分子量 保留时间指数 保留时间/s 扩散系数/a.u. 注释
3-戊醇 C5H12O 88.1 1146.9 1.43713 559.559
正己醛 C6H12O 100.2 1114.4 1.25947 503.132 单体
正己醛 C6H12O 100.2 1114.4 1.25947 503.132 多聚体
2-甲基丙醇 C4H10O 74.1 1107.2 1.33837 491.387
薄荷醇 C10H20O 156.3 1178.1 1.21195 619.882
芳樟醇氧化物 C10H18O2 170.3 1081.5 1.80208 455.236
丙醛 C3H6O 58.1 757.4 1.06573 218.488 单体
丙醛 C3H6O 58.1 757.4 1.06573 218.488 多聚体
2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇 C10H20O 156.3 1072.2 443.595 1.88478
2-羟基苯甲醛 C7H6O2 122.1 1046.1 412.421 1.14418
二甲基甲酰胺 C3H7NO 73.1 1310.9 828.78 1.04938
邻二甲苯 C8H10 106.2 1201.4 661.548 1.04251
甲酸戊酯 C9H10O3 166.2 133 4.1 869.676 1.08667
3-甲基-2-丁烯醛 C5H8O 84.1 1198.7 657.823 1.35476
反式-2-戊烯醛 C5H8O 84.1 1121.0 514.058 1.09222
乙酸甲酯 C3H6O2 74.1 803.6 240.584 1.06541
D-柠檬烯 C10H16 136.2 1152.8 570.501 1.22601
3-羟基-2-丁酮 C4H8O2 88.0 1296.7 804.675 1.04595
正丙醇 C3H8O 60.1 1059.3 427.899 1.11995
3-甲氧基丁醛 C5H10O 86.1 903.5 296.2 1.20831
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鱼肉热加工中有害物的生成及抑制研究
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袁怡 1 , 赵瑞雪 1 , 王珺瑜 1 , 张天浩 1 , 林松毅 1, 2, 3 , 张思敏 1, 2, 3, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:水产品加工与质量安全 2025,16(8): 1-9
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:水产品加工与质量安全 2025, 16(8): 1-9
鱼肉热加工中有害物的生成及抑制研究
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袁怡1 , 赵瑞雪1, 王珺瑜1, 张天浩1, 林松毅1, 2, 3, 张思敏1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.大连工业大学食品学院, 大连 116034
  • 2.辽宁省特殊膳食食品工程研究中心, 辽宁省食品工程技术研究中心, 大连 116034
  • 3.国家海洋食品工程技术研究中心, 大连 116034
  • 袁怡(2001—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为水产品加工有害物控制。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 张思敏(1992—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为水产品加工与品质控制。E-mail:
Production and inhibition of harmful substances in hot processing of fish
Yi YUAN1 , Rui-Xue ZHAO1, Jun-Yu WANG1, Tian-Hao ZHANG1, Song-Yi LIN1, 2, 3, Si-Min ZHANG1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
  • 2. Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food of Liaoning Province, Food Engineering, Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116034, China
  • 3. National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241206005
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目的 研究姜黄素和维生素C添加对三文鱼烤制过程中有害物杂环胺(heterocyclic amines, HAAs)和晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products, AGEs)的抑制作用, 以及外源添加物对烤三文鱼风味的影响。方法 通过高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定HAAs和AGEs浓度, 进一步测定还原糖、肌酸、肌酐、乙二醛等前体物以及脂质氧化水平解析其抑制机制, 运用气相色谱-离子迁移谱法分析三文鱼烤制中挥发性风味变化。结果 与对照组相比, 姜黄素和维生素C对HAAs和AGEs表现出显著抑制效果(P˂0.05), 总HAAs抑制率分别为75.21%和59.52%; AGEs中Nε-羧甲基赖氨酸抑制率分别为90.56%和90.87%, Nε-羧乙基赖氨酸抑制率为94.57%和94.80%。还原糖、肌酸、肌酐、乙二醛等前体物浓度与HAAs和AGEs含量呈现高度相关。此外, 通过挥发性风味分析表明添加姜黄素和维生素C对烤三文鱼风味有一定影响, 增加了香味物质3-羟基-2-丁酮、2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇、薄荷醇等化合物浓度, 为三文鱼总体气味贡献重要作用。结论 姜黄素和维生素C影响了HAAs和AGEs形成的关键前体物、中间体, 具有显著抑制效果。本研究的开展为鱼肉制品热加工有害物控制提供了理论指导, 并为优化鱼肉制品加工工艺提供了参考。

三文鱼  /  杂环胺  /  晚期糖基化终末产物  /  姜黄素  /  维生素C

Objective To explore the effects of curcumin and vitamin C supplementation on harmful substances heterocyclic amines (HAAs) and advanced glycation end products advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in Salmon salar roasting process inhibition and the effect of exogenous additives on the flavor of grilled Salmon salar. Methods The concentrations of HAAs and AGEs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the inhibitory mechanism of reducing sugar, creatine, creatinine, glyoxal and other precursors and lipid oxidation levels were further determined. The changes of volatile flavor of Salmon salar during baking were analyzed by gas chromatography and ion migration spectrometry. Results Compared with the control group, curcumin and vitamin C showed significant inhibitory effects on HAAs and AGEs (P˂0.05), and the total HAAs inhibition rates were 75.21% and 59.52%, respectively. The inhibition rates of Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine in AGEs were 90.56% and 90.87%, respectively. The inhibition rates of Nε-carboxymethl-lysine were 94.57% and 94.80%. The concentrations of precursors such as reducing sugar, creatine, creatinine and glyoxal were highly correlated with the content of HAAs and AGEs. In addition, volatile flavor analysis showed that the addition of curcumin and vitamin C had a certain effect on the flavor of grilled Salmon salar, and increased the concentration of aroma compounds such as 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2,6-dimethyl- 7-octene-2-ol and menthol, which contributed to the overall smell of Salmon salar. Conclusion Curcumin and vitamin C affect the key precursors and intermediates in the formation of HAAs and AGEs, and have a significant inhibitory effect. The development of this study provides theoretical guidance for the control of harmful substances in hot processing of fish products, and provides reference for optimizing the processing technology of fish products.

Salmon salar  /  heterocyclic amines  /  advanced glycation end products  /  curcumin  /  vitamin C
袁怡, 赵瑞雪, 王珺瑜, 张天浩, 林松毅, 张思敏. 鱼肉热加工中有害物的生成及抑制研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (8) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241206005
Yi YUAN, Rui-Xue ZHAO, Jun-Yu WANG, Tian-Hao ZHANG, Song-Yi LIN, Si-Min ZHANG. Production and inhibition of harmful substances in hot processing of fish[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (8) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241206005
三文鱼(Salmon salar), 主要分布于大西洋与太平洋, 属冷水性洄游鱼类, 因其口感丰富、肉质鲜美, 深受消费者喜爱。中国三文鱼养殖规模不断扩大, 年产量超过4.5万t, 但目前仍以进口为主, 2023年1月至7月, 挪威三文鱼对中国出口总量达到了2.4万t左右[1]。三文鱼加工主要包括冷冻原料初级加工和熟化加工两种, 其中熟化三文鱼主要以烤、煎、炸、炖等加工为主。三文鱼蛋白质含量高, 且富含甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸等人体必需氨基酸, 以及维生素A、B1、B2、B12等多种营养物质, 对心、脑组织健康具有积极作用[2]。鱼类热加工过程形成其特有风味, 但也伴随着有害物的产生, 主要的如杂环胺(heterocyclic amines, HAAs)[3]、晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products, AGEs)等[4]。HAAs是由C、H、N原子组成的具有2~5个(通常为3个)平面结构的含氮烃环、1个环外氨基以及1~4个甲基取代基的多环芳香烃类化合物[5], 根据化学结构差异可将其分为氨基咪唑氮杂芳烃(aminoimidazole-azaarenes, AIAs)和氨基卟啉(amino-carbolines, ACs)两大类[6]。AIAs主要由游离氨基酸和肌酸、肌酐、还原糖参与美拉德反应和Strecker降解形成。ACs一般被认为是氨基酸和蛋白质热解形成, 如Norharman, 由色氨酸的Amadori重排产物葡糖胺以呋喃的形式发生脱水, 在环氧孤对电子的作用下经过β-消除反应形成中间体, 随后发生分子间亲和取代反应形成[7]。AGEs是由氨基酸、肽、蛋白质的游离氨基和还原糖的活性羰基发生非酶反应形成的有害化学物质, 其中Nε-羧甲基赖氨酸(Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine, CML)和Nε-羧乙基赖氨酸(Nε-carboxymethl-lysine, CEL)常被视为AGEs标志物, 能较好反映食品中AGEs的总量[8]。研究表明, HAAs和AGEs摄入后逐渐积累, 可能导致肿瘤、糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、肾脏损害和阿尔茨海默症等多种疾病发生[9-10]。影响HAAs与AGEs生成的影响因素包括热加工设备与方法、原料、温度、时间、水分、前体物、外源添加物等。除热加工工艺调整, 添加天然提取物或抗氧化剂可以通过清除自由基或反应中间体等途径干扰HAAs形成的不同阶段, 从而有效抑制HAAs和AGEs形成[11]。XUE等[12]研究发现山奈酚通过清除烷基自由基、HOO·和1O2抑制了HAAs的生成。白藜芦醇通过干扰脂质氧化产生二甲基化合物而抑制AGEs的形成[13]
姜黄素为酸性多酚类植物提取物, 以不饱和脂肪族及芳香族基团为主链, 由2个相邻甲基化的酚、1个β-二酮组成, 含有多个双键、羟基等活性基团, 具有良好的抗氧化、促进自由基清除作用[14]。维生素C作为水溶性的抗氧化物, 可以抑制美拉德反应产物的形成, 广泛应用于食品行业[15]。因此, 这两种物质有望作为抑制HAAs和AGEs的可行手段。因此, 本研究以三文鱼为典型对象, 通过高效液相色谱-串联质谱法研究其烤制过程中有害物的种类与含量, 并探究姜黄素和维生素C对产生的HAAs和AGEs的抑制作用, 通过前体物的检测(肌酸、肌酐、还原糖、氨基酸)、脂质氧化水平揭示抑制机制, 旨在为鱼类热加工中危害物控制提供更多方法依据, 提高食品安全性。
新鲜三文鱼, 大连长兴市场。
维生素C、姜黄素(纯度≥99.0%, 碧云天生物技术有限公司); 肌酐测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所); CML 酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)试剂盒、CEL ELISA试剂盒(酶联生物技术有限公司); 乙腈、乙酸、三氯乙酸、乙醚、甲醇、盐酸、丙酮(分析纯)。
K9860凯氏定氮仪(海能未来技术集团有限公司); Agilent1290-6470液相色谱质谱仪、Agilent C18柱(2.1 mm× 100 mm, 1.8 μm)(美国安捷伦科技有限公司); LA8080高速氨基酸分析仪(日本HITACHI公司)。
将三文鱼去鱼鳞、皮以及内脏, 去除头、尾, 分离去除掉鱼骨, 最后将经分离的肉搅打至成糜。称取4份50 g鱼糜置于4个Φ9 cm表面皿中, 均滴入2 g食用油, 其中2个表面皿分别添加0.05%姜黄素和0.05%维生素C, 搅拌均匀, 脱去膜具, 置于250 ℃烤箱, 两面分别烤制25 min, 待冷却后进行后续测定。
参考王露露等[16]的方法并稍作修改。前处理: 称取2.0 g样品, 加入1 mL去离子水和9 mL的乙腈溶液(含1%乙酸)后, 振荡混匀, 加入萃取包(4 g无水硫酸镁、1 g无水乙酸钠), 手动摇匀1 min。然后在6000 r/min、4 ℃的条件下离心10 min, 取6 mL上清液, 重复操作合并提取液于离心管[内含300 mg的N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine, PSA)、900 mg的无水硫酸镁、300 mg的十八烷基键合硅胶(C18)]。摇匀振荡1 min, 然后在同样条件下离心10 min, 取1 mL上清液用氮吹仪吹干后加入1 mL的甲醇, 涡旋混匀, 使其溶解至能通过0.22 μm滤膜, 上机测定。采用液相色谱质谱仪测定。仪器采集模式为电喷雾电离(electrospray ionization, ESI+), Agilent C18柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm)进行分析。条件: 流动相: A: 5 mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸), B: 乙腈溶液; 流速0.3 mL/min; 色谱柱柱温: 30 ℃; 进样体积: 5 μL。分离梯度设为0~1.5 min: 95% A和5% B; 1.5~10.0 min: 90% A和10% B; 10.0~15.0 min: 70% A和30% B; 15.0~20.0 min: 99% A和1% B, 保持1 min; 21.1~22.0 min: 95% A和5% B。
AGEs采用CML、CEL ELISA试剂盒测定。
根据GB 5009.237—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品pH值的测定》、GB 5009.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》分别对样品中pH、水分含量进行测定。
参考CHU等[4]的方法并稍作修改。取0.25 g样品, 加入100 mL 30 g/L的三氯乙酸溶液, 摇晃均匀, 均质, 于8000 r/min离心5 min。上清液滤纸过滤, 取20 mL滤液, 加入提取剂乙醚10 mL, 静置10 min, 取4 mL下层溶液。加入2 mL 0.2 g/L丁二酮和2 mL 25 g/L的1-萘酚, 在40 ℃恒温水浴5 min, 测定520 nm处吸光度。
采用肌酐试剂盒(过氧化物酶法)测定样品肌酐含量。
参考李梦等[17]的方法并稍作修改。取5.0 g样品, 加入30 mL蒸馏水、5 mL 219 g/L乙酸锌溶液、5 mL 106 g/L亚铁氰化钾溶液, 涡旋混匀。在50 ℃水浴20 min, 冷却。4000 r/min离心5 min, 取上清液, 加入20 mL蒸馏水, 再次离心(4000 r/min, 5 min), 收集合并上清液, 定容至100 mL, 混合均匀。吸取1 mL溶液于比色管中, 加入1.5 mL的3,5-二硝基水杨酸溶液(185 g酒石酸钾钠溶入500 mL热水中, 然后加入262 mL 2 mol/L NaOH溶液和6.5 g 3,5-二硝基水杨酸, 再加入5 g结晶酚和5 g亚硫酸钠, 定容至1 L), 摇晃混匀后沸水浴加热5 min, 待冷却至室温后加去离子水至10 mL, 于540 nm下测吸光值。
参考HUANG等[18]的方法并稍作修改。取1.0 g样品, 用9 mL pH 7.2磷酸盐缓冲液, 均质, 于8000 r/min, 4 ℃离心10 min。取0.5 mL上清液与1 mL 15 g/L醋酸钠溶液和2 mL 2 g/L羟胺盐酸盐混合, 50 ℃恒温水浴20 min。在233 nm处测定上清液的吸光度。
参考ZHANG等[19]的方法并稍作修改。称取3.0 g样品, 加入15 mL的0.02 mol/L盐酸溶液, 均质1 min。10000 r/min离心10 min。取上清液2 mL, 加入8 mL丙酮, 10000 r/min再次离心10 min。取上清液1 mL于60 ℃旋蒸, 残余物加入0.02 mol/L盐酸2 mL再溶解, 通过0.22 μm过滤膜, 上机测试。
参考ZHANG等[20]的方法, 将1.00 g样品与5 mL硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric acid reactants, TBARS)溶液混合, 于沸水浴中浸泡20 min。取上清液离心(4 ℃, 8000 r/min, 15 min), 取上清液在532 nm处测量吸光度。
参考CHU等[4]的方法测定过氧化值(peroxide value, POV), 称取0.10 g样品与3 mL异辛烷涡旋混合。取50 μL溶液, 加入1.45 mL甲醇:正丁醇混合液(2:1, V:V)、10 μL 1 g/mL硫氰酸铵溶液和10 μL氯化亚铁溶液(0.81 g氯化钡和1.00 g硫酸亚铁在0.5 mol/L盐酸中暗反应, 取上清液), 暗反应20 min, 在510 nm处测量吸光度值。
称取1.00 g样品于顶空瓶中, 孵化15 min (80 ℃)后进样测试。进样针温度为85 ℃, 进样体积200 μL, 孵化转速为500 r/min。条件: 气相流速E1: 150 mL/min; 气相流速E2: 0.00~2.00 min: 2 mL/min, 反应步骤Rec; 2.00~10.00 min: 10 mL/min; 10.00~20.00 min: 100 mL/min; 20.00~25.00 min: 150 mL/min, 反应步骤Stop。
本研究中所有实验均重复3次, 结果运用SPSS 27软件进行计算和显著性差异分析, P<0.05表示差异显著; 使用Vocal 0.4.0.3软件处理气相色谱-离子迁移谱(gas chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry, GC-IMS)数据并绘图。
本研究中共检测出7种HAAs: 2-氨基-3-甲基咪唑并[4,5-f]喹喔啉(2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, IQx)、2-氨基-3,4-二甲基咪唑并[4,5-f]喹啉(2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-ƒ]quinoline, MeIQ)、2-氨基-3,8-二甲基咪唑并[4,5-f]喹喔啉(2-amino-3,8- dimethylimidazo[4,5-ƒ]quinoxaline, 8-MeIQx)、2-氨基-3,4,8-三甲基咪唑并[4,5-f]喹喔啉(2-amino-3,4,8- trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, 4,8-DiMeIQx)、9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole, Norharman)、甲基-9H吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(1-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole, Harman)、2-氨基-1-甲基-6-苯基-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, PhIP)。对照组除8-MeIQx, 其余6种HAAs均被检出, 共(21.08±0.05) μg/kg。姜黄素和维生素C分别将HAAs含量减少75.21%和59.52%。其中IQx、MeIQ水平降低至检出限以下, 对Norharman和PhIP抑制率分别为84.33%、61.43%和81.71%、88.73%。对照组CML、CEL含量分别为(32.10±0.19) μg/kg和(26.34±1.02) μg/kg。姜黄素显著减少了CML和CEL含量90.56%和94.57%, 维生素C则抑制了CML和CEL 90.87%和94.80%(表1)。这些结果表明, 姜黄素和维生素C均能有效抑制三文鱼烤制中HAAs和AGEs的形成, 其中姜黄素对HAAs表现出更明显的抑制效果, 而维生素C对AGEs抑制作用更明显。姜黄素具有酚羟基和β-二酮结构, 表现出显著抗氧化性, 能够通过氢原子转移或金属离子螯合等途径清除超氧阴离子(O2⁻)、羟基自由基(·OH)等多种自由基[21]。KILIC等[22]研究发现添加0.5%姜黄粉对鸡肉丸HAAs抑制率为72%, 其抑制作用主要与自由基猝灭有关。XUE等[23]研究表明姜黄素对牛肉饼中游离和结合HAAs的抑制能力达到59.97%和27.42%, 姜黄素可以通过猝灭烷基自由基和1O2等关键自由基抑制HAAs形成。WANG等[24]研究发现姜黄素可以通过自由基猝灭作用导致活性羰基中间体减少来抑制Norharman的形成; 维生素C具有强还原性, 可作为氢原子供体直接中和自由基并中断自由基链式反应, 抑制美拉德反应[25]。维生素C可以通过抑制色氨酸等HAAs前体及其各自中间体的生成从而阻碍HAAs形成[26]。WONG等[27]发现维生素能与HAAs中间体苯乙醛反应, 对炸牛肉中PhIP、MeIQx表现出明显的抑制作用。此外, 值得注意的是加入姜黄素和维生素C后8-MeIQx和4,8-DiMeIQx含量表现出明显上升, 这可能与姜黄素和维生素C在高温和长时间加热条件下分解, 产生新的中间产物有关, 如维生素C在高温下可能分解为脱氢抗坏血酸或其他活性羰基化合物, 可能参与8-MeIQx和4,8-DiMeIQx的形成[25]。目前研究发现有部分外源添加物抑制某种HAAs时可能对其他某种HAAs存在促进作用, 对此仍存在部分机制不明确的问题[28]。例如HSU等[29]发现酱油会促进牛肉、羊肉和鸡肉中HAAs的含量。槲皮素和山柰酚显著提高了牛肉中Harman和Norharman的含量, 而香叶抑制Harman和Norharman生成时促进了MeIQx的形成[30]。橙皮苷对烤猪肉中MeIQx抑制效果显著, 但会促进Norharman和Harman的形成[31]
表2为有无添加姜黄素和维生素C的pH、水分含量、烹饪损失的变化。与烤前相比, 对照组pH增加。相应地, 添加姜黄素和维生素C后, pH表现出明显下降, 这与李梦等[17]的研究结果相一致。pH降低会减缓美拉德反应速率, 从而减少中间产物的形成, 抑制HAAs生成[32]。与烤前相比, 对照组含水量显著降低, 这是由于高温烤制过程中水分会大量流失。姜黄素和维生素C组水分含量与蒸煮损失与对照组相比均无明显差异。
不同类型的HAAs生成途径具有差异, 但主要前体物质包括蛋白质、还原糖、肌酸、肌酐和氨基酸等。AGEs形成的主要前体包括还原糖、氨基酸等, 中间体包括乙二醛等二羰基化合物。为了探究前体物和中间体与HAAs、AGEs形成的关系, 测定还原糖、肌酸、肌酐、氨基酸、乙二醛含量, 结果如表34所示。主要HAAs的生成机制已有许多研究, 目前主要提出的假说如图1所示[5,7,33]。添加姜黄素和维生素C后, 游离氨基酸水平下降, 其中丙氨酸和赖氨酸含量表现出显著减少。作为MeIQ的关键前体[34], 这与观察到的MeIQ含量减少的结果相一致。还原糖、肌酸、肌酐等前体物浓度也与HAAs和AGEs含量呈现高度相关性, 与烤前相比, 还原糖、肌酸、肌酐含量显著增加, 而添加姜黄素和维生素C后, 还原糖和肌酸表现出显著减少的趋势(P<0.05), 阻碍HAAs、AGEs形成。另外, ZHANG等[19]证实蔬菜提取物可以阻断肌酐向中间体的转化。表4中姜黄素和维生素C组肌酐含量表现出不同程度的增加, 由于抗氧化剂的添加阻断了肌酐向PhIP中间产物转化的醛醇反应(图1c), 从而减少了PhIP的产生。乙二醛是AGEs形成的重要中间体[35], 姜黄素和维生素C组乙二醛含量均表现出减少趋势, 可能是因为姜黄素和维生素C通过清除乙二醛而抑制了AGEs的生成。这与RAMIS等[36]研究发现维生素可以清除二羰基化合物的结果相一致。因此, 这两种添加物通过影响关键前体物、中间体形成以及阻断前体和中间体的转化而抑制HAAs生成。
有研究证实, 脂质氧化产生的脂质过氧自由基会影响HAAs和AGEs的生成[37]。为了探究脂质氧化与HAAs、AGEs形成的关系, 测定TBARS和POV值见表5。如表5所示, 与烤制前相比, 对照组TBARS值表现出明显增加, 从(0.65±0.01) mg MDA/kg增加至(0.87±0.01) mg MDA/kg, 表明经过烤制后氧化程度显著增加(P<0.05)。脂质氧化对保水性的不利影响使肌酸大量失水生成肌酐从而促进HAAs和AGEs形成[38]。此外, AGEs与脂质氧化醛类产物(如乙二醛和丙二醛)的诱导密切相关, 烤制后丙二醛可作为前体物参与诱导CML与CEL的生成[39]。添加姜黄素和维生素C后, TBARS值无明显变化, 维生素C组有小范围上升。MACIT等[40]研究中有类似的结果, 添加了不同数量的橄榄叶提取物导致样品的TBARS值增加。POV值也表现出类似的趋势, 添加姜黄素和维生素C后, POV值增加。姜黄素和维生素C主要是通过清除脂质自氧化途径中氧自由基而发挥抗氧化活性, 对脂质氧化最终阶段氢过氧化物的生成影响较小[41-42], 可以解释姜黄素和维生素C组TBARS和POV值的小幅度增加。
风味是衡量食品品质的重要指标, 选择外源添加物时应将其变化列入考虑因素。表6展示了烤后的挥发性有机物, 主要包括醛类、醇类、酯类和酮类等的变化。图2为对照组与姜黄素、维生素C组挥发性有机物的GC-IMS谱图差异对比。图中的点代表某一种香气物质, 颜色代表物质的峰强度, 白色表示峰强度较低, 红色表示峰强度较高, 颜色越深表示峰强度越高。3组样品的挥发性风味物质种类差异不大, 部分物质含量存在明显差异。对这些化合物进行定性分析, 样品挥发性有机物的指纹图谱如图3所示, 与对照组相比, 姜黄素组和维生素C组对醛、醇类物质影响较明显, 3-羟基-2-丁酮、2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇、薄荷醇等化合物浓度显著增加。这些物质均可作为香料, 广泛应用于食品、医药、化工、生物燃料等行业[43-45]。此外, 脂质氧化作为水产品风味的重要来源之一, 产生的ROOH分解生成醛、酮、醇类物质, 对水产品特征性风味贡献较大[46]。添加姜黄素和维生素C后, 正己醛浓度有不同程度的增加, 己醛作为脂质氧化产物, 是水产品脂肪香气的来源之一[47]。这与上述两种添加物对脂质氧化产物影响结果相一致。
本研究探究了烤三文鱼中HAAs和AGEs的形成并评价了姜黄素和维生素C对其形成的抑制作用。结果表明烤三文鱼中HAAs以Norharman和PhIP为主, 姜黄素和维生素C显著抑制了烤三文鱼中HAAs和AGEs形成, 其中总HAAs抑制率分别为75.21%和59.52%; CML和CEL抑制率均达90%以上。通过前体物浓度变化分析, 表明姜黄素和维生素C通过抑制还原糖、肌酸、氨基酸和乙二醛等前体物和中间体形成以及肌酐向PhIP中间产物转化的醇醛反应而减少HAAs和AGEs生成。脂质氧化与HAAs和AGEs形成具有一定相关性, 可以通过影响保水性而影响有害物形成。此外, 脂质氧化对烤三文鱼总体风味起到重要作用, 如正己醛等氧化产物为鱼类脂肪香气贡献较大。本研究为抗氧化剂在烤鱼制品中合理应用以控制危害物生成提供参考和借鉴, 有助于提高鱼肉热加工制品食用安全性。
  • 大连市科技人才创新支持政策项目(2022RQ003)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2100200)
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2025年第16卷第8期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241206005
  • 接收时间:2024-12-06
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-06
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大连市科技人才创新支持政策项目(2022RQ003)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2100200)
作者信息
    1.大连工业大学食品学院, 大连 116034
    2.辽宁省特殊膳食食品工程研究中心, 辽宁省食品工程技术研究中心, 大连 116034
    3.国家海洋食品工程技术研究中心, 大连 116034

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* 张思敏(1992—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为水产品加工与品质控制。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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