Article(id=1153433696611853222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730304000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929623034, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929623034, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929623034, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929623034, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433686872679135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744646400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929620712, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1757656380159, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1173259152974561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1173259152978756047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=102, endPage=108, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433697354245047, articleId=1153433696611853222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Technical evaluation of the rapid detection of diazepam in the aquatic products, columnId=1151895322692776479, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Analysis and Monitoring of Toxic and Harmful Substances in Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To evaluate the diazepam rapid detection products of 5 manufacturers with high recognition in Beijing. Methods In this study, common carp, grass carp and crucian carp were used as the substrate for technical evaluation from the aspects of sensitivity, HOOK effect, specificity, accuracy and ease of operation, etc. The evaluation results were referred to the Notice on the field verification of rapid detection products for drug residues in aquatic products in 2023 issued by the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences. Results The limits of detection for sensitivity of company I-V were 92.2%, 88.9%, 100.0%, 65.6% and 33.3%, respectively. Company II HOOK effect false negative 10%; HOOK effect did not appear in the other 4 companies. The cross-reaction rate of company III to the residues of 4 kinds of common veterinary drugs was as high as 60% to 90%, the cross-reaction rate of company II to enrofloxacin was 10%, the cross-reaction rate of company V to enrofloxacin and oxytetracycline were 10.0% and 20.0%. The other 2 companies did not have cross-reaction. The overall accuracy of all samples ranged from 79.2% to 96.9%. Company I had the highest overall accuracy (96.9%) and company V had the lowest accuracy (79.2%). The average test time of 24 samples is between 57 and 82 min, which meet the requirements of rapid detection technology. The rapid detection of diazepam in aquatic products of company I was qualified. The evaluation of company II-V was not qualified. At present, the performance of diazepam rapid detection products in aquatic products sold in Beijing was still a certain gap with the national legal confirmation method, which needed to be further improved. Conclusion This study is expected to provide reference for the purchase and application of grassroots supervision staff, and promote the application of rapid detection technology in the supervision of aquatic product quality and safety.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jing YANG, Fang FANG, Yuan SHEN, Juan SUN, Lun WU, Xiang CHEN, Chen JIA, Ying LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433697685595066, articleId=1153433696611853222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=水产品中地西泮快速检测产品技术评价, columnId=1151895322898297380, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 对北京市场认知度较高的5个厂家地西泮快速检测产品进行评价。方法 本研究以鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼为基质从灵敏度、钩状效应(HOOK效应)、特异性、准确性、操作简便性等方面进行技术评价, 评价结果参照中国水产科学研究院关于印发《2023年度水产品中药物残留快速检测产品现场验证的通知》。结果 I~V公司检出限灵敏度分别为: 92.2%、88.9%、100.0%、65.6%、33.3%; II公司HOOK效应假阴性10.0%; 其他4家公司均未出现HOOK效应; III公司对4种常见兽药残留均有交叉反应, 交叉反应率高达60%~90%, II公司对恩诺沙星交叉反应率为10%, V公司对恩诺沙星、土霉素有交叉反应, 交叉反应率分别为10.0%、20.0%; 其他2家公司均未出现交叉反应; 所有样品总体准确率在79.2%~96.9%之间, 总体准确率最高的为I公司, 准确率96.9%, 最低的为V公司, 准确率79.2%; 24样品测试平均耗时在57~82 min之间, 满足快速检测技术的要求。I公司水产品中地西泮快速检测产品评价合格; II~V公司评价均不合格, 目前北京市销售的水产品中地西泮快速检测产品性能仍与国家法定确证方法有一定差距, 需继续改进。结论 本研究以期为基层监管工作人员选购及应用提供参考, 推进快速检测技术在水产品质量安全监管中的应用

, authors=

杨静(1984—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量安全检测。E-mail:

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* 李英(1984—), 男, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量安全检测。E-mail:
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Standard and Testing, 2008, 4(14): 19-22., articleTitle=Performance evaluation of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) strips by colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1173278271912427984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696611853222, awardId=11000024T000002848658, language=CN, fundingSource=农产品质量安全项目(11000024T000002848658), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1173278266434666806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696611853222, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278266438861111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696611853222, companyId=1173278266434666806, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Center for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products of Beijing, Beijing 100053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278266447249720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696611853222, companyId=1173278266434666806, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京市农产品质量安全中心, 北京 100053)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1173278270800937400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696611853222, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensitivity test results of diazepam rapid detection products

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
厂商名称 药物名称 检出限/(μg/kg) 灵敏度/%
I公司 鲤鱼 0.5 86.7
1.5 100.0
草鱼 0.5 93.3
1.5 100.0
鲫鱼 0.5 96.7
1.5 100.0
II公司 鲤鱼 0.5 80.0
1.5 90.0
草鱼 0.5 96.7
1.5 100.0
鲫鱼 0.5 90.0
1.5 93.3
III公司 鲤鱼 0.5 100.0
1.5 100.0
草鱼 0.5 100.0
1.5 93.3
鲫鱼 0.5 100.0
1.5 100.0
IV公司 鲤鱼 0.5 70.0
1.5 100.0
草鱼 0.5 66.7
1.5 100.0
鲫鱼 0.5 60.0
1.5 100.0
V公司 鲤鱼 0.5 30.0
1.5 100.0
草鱼 0.5 40.0
1.5 86.7
鲫鱼 0.5 30.0
1.5 83.4
), ArticleFig(id=1173278270939349435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696611853222, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

地西泮快速检测产品灵敏度实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
厂商名称 药物名称 检出限/(μg/kg) 灵敏度/%
I公司 鲤鱼 0.5 86.7
1.5 100.0
草鱼 0.5 93.3
1.5 100.0
鲫鱼 0.5 96.7
1.5 100.0
II公司 鲤鱼 0.5 80.0
1.5 90.0
草鱼 0.5 96.7
1.5 100.0
鲫鱼 0.5 90.0
1.5 93.3
III公司 鲤鱼 0.5 100.0
1.5 100.0
草鱼 0.5 100.0
1.5 93.3
鲫鱼 0.5 100.0
1.5 100.0
IV公司 鲤鱼 0.5 70.0
1.5 100.0
草鱼 0.5 66.7
1.5 100.0
鲫鱼 0.5 60.0
1.5 100.0
V公司 鲤鱼 0.5 30.0
1.5 100.0
草鱼 0.5 40.0
1.5 86.7
鲫鱼 0.5 30.0
1.5 83.4
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271098732990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696611853222, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Specificity results of diazepam rapid detection product

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试药物 交叉反应率/%
I公司 II公司 III公司 IV公司 V公司
恩诺沙星 0.0 10.0 90.0 0.0 10.0
磺胺嘧啶 0.0 0.0 90.0 0.0 0.0
土霉素 0.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 20.0
氟苯尼考 0.0 0.0 60.0 0.0 0.0
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271220367807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696611853222, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

地西泮快速检测产品特异性实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试药物 交叉反应率/%
I公司 II公司 III公司 IV公司 V公司
恩诺沙星 0.0 10.0 90.0 0.0 10.0
磺胺嘧啶 0.0 0.0 90.0 0.0 0.0
土霉素 0.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 20.0
氟苯尼考 0.0 0.0 60.0 0.0 0.0
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271358779843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696611853222, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Accuracy results of diazepam rapid detection product

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品类别 样品
数量
I公司 II公司 III公司 IV公司 V公司
结果正
确数量
假阳/
阴性率/%
准确率/% 结果正
确数量
假阳/
阴性率/%
准确率/% 结果正确数量 假阳/
阴性率/%
准确率/% 结果正确数量 假阳/
阴性率/%
准确率/% 结果正确数量 假阳/
阴性率/%
准确率/%
狭鳕阴性
样品
10 10 0.0 100.0 7 30.0 70.0 10 0.0 100.0 10 0.0 100.0 10 0.0 100.0
鲤鱼阴性
样品
30 30 0.0 100.0 27 10.0 90.0 25 16.7 83.3 30 0.0 100.0 29 3.3 96.7
草鱼阴性
样品
30 26 13.3 86.7 25 16.7 83.3 26 13.3 86.7 30 0.0 100.0 29 3.3 96.7
鲫鱼阴性
样品
30 30 0.0 100.0 24 20.0 80.0 21 30.0 70.0 29 3.3 96.7 30 0.0 100.0
特异性实验
阴性样品
40 40 0.0 100.0 39 3.3 97.5 8 80.0 20.0 40 0.0 100.0 37 7.5 92.5
阴性样品
小计
140 136 2.9 97.1 122 12.9 87.1 90 35.7 64.3 139 0.7 99.3 135 3.6 96.4
质控阳性
样品
30 30 0.0 100.0 28 6.7 93.3 28 6.7 93.3 30 0.0 100.0 29 3.3 96.7
鲤鱼添加
地西泮0.5 ppb
30 26 13.3 86.7 24 20.0 80.0 30 0.0 100.0 21 0.0 100.0 9 70.0 30.0
鲤鱼添加
地西泮1.5 ppb
30 30 0.0 100.0 27 10.0 90.0 30 0.0 100.0 30 0.0 100.0 30 0.0 100.0
草鱼添加
地西泮0.5 ppb
30 28 2.0 93.3 29 3.3 96.7 30 0.0 100.0 20 33.3 66.7 12 60.0 40.0
草鱼添加
地西泮1.5 ppb
30 30 0.0 100.0 30 0.0 100.0 28 6.7 93.3 30 0.0 100.0 26 13.3 86.7
鲫鱼添加
地西泮0.5 ppb
30 29 3.3 96.7 27 10.0 90.0 30 0.0 100.0 18 40.0 60.0 9 70.0 30.0
鲫鱼添加
地西泮1.5 ppb
30 30 0.0 100.0 28 6.7 93.3 30 0.0 100.0 30 0.0 100.0 25 16.7 83.3
HOOK效应
实验阳性样品
10 10 0.0 100.0 9 10.0 90.0 10 0.0 100.0 10 0.0 100.0 10 0.0 100.0
全部阳性
样品
220 213 3.2 96.8 202 8.2 91.8 216 1.8 98.2 189 14.1 85.9 150 31.8 68.2
全部样品
总计
360 349 96.9 324 90.0 306 85.0 328 91.1 285 79.2
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271484608966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696611853222, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

快速检测产品准确性实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品类别 样品
数量
I公司 II公司 III公司 IV公司 V公司
结果正
确数量
假阳/
阴性率/%
准确率/% 结果正
确数量
假阳/
阴性率/%
准确率/% 结果正确数量 假阳/
阴性率/%
准确率/% 结果正确数量 假阳/
阴性率/%
准确率/% 结果正确数量 假阳/
阴性率/%
准确率/%
狭鳕阴性
样品
10 10 0.0 100.0 7 30.0 70.0 10 0.0 100.0 10 0.0 100.0 10 0.0 100.0
鲤鱼阴性
样品
30 30 0.0 100.0 27 10.0 90.0 25 16.7 83.3 30 0.0 100.0 29 3.3 96.7
草鱼阴性
样品
30 26 13.3 86.7 25 16.7 83.3 26 13.3 86.7 30 0.0 100.0 29 3.3 96.7
鲫鱼阴性
样品
30 30 0.0 100.0 24 20.0 80.0 21 30.0 70.0 29 3.3 96.7 30 0.0 100.0
特异性实验
阴性样品
40 40 0.0 100.0 39 3.3 97.5 8 80.0 20.0 40 0.0 100.0 37 7.5 92.5
阴性样品
小计
140 136 2.9 97.1 122 12.9 87.1 90 35.7 64.3 139 0.7 99.3 135 3.6 96.4
质控阳性
样品
30 30 0.0 100.0 28 6.7 93.3 28 6.7 93.3 30 0.0 100.0 29 3.3 96.7
鲤鱼添加
地西泮0.5 ppb
30 26 13.3 86.7 24 20.0 80.0 30 0.0 100.0 21 0.0 100.0 9 70.0 30.0
鲤鱼添加
地西泮1.5 ppb
30 30 0.0 100.0 27 10.0 90.0 30 0.0 100.0 30 0.0 100.0 30 0.0 100.0
草鱼添加
地西泮0.5 ppb
30 28 2.0 93.3 29 3.3 96.7 30 0.0 100.0 20 33.3 66.7 12 60.0 40.0
草鱼添加
地西泮1.5 ppb
30 30 0.0 100.0 30 0.0 100.0 28 6.7 93.3 30 0.0 100.0 26 13.3 86.7
鲫鱼添加
地西泮0.5 ppb
30 29 3.3 96.7 27 10.0 90.0 30 0.0 100.0 18 40.0 60.0 9 70.0 30.0
鲫鱼添加
地西泮1.5 ppb
30 30 0.0 100.0 28 6.7 93.3 30 0.0 100.0 30 0.0 100.0 25 16.7 83.3
HOOK效应
实验阳性样品
10 10 0.0 100.0 9 10.0 90.0 10 0.0 100.0 10 0.0 100.0 10 0.0 100.0
全部阳性
样品
220 213 3.2 96.8 202 8.2 91.8 216 1.8 98.2 189 14.1 85.9 150 31.8 68.2
全部样品
总计
360 349 96.9 324 90.0 306 85.0 328 91.1 285 79.2
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271652381128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696611853222, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of 24 samples timing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试参数 I公司 II公司 III公司 IV公司 V公司
假阳率/% 0.0 14.3 14.3 28.6 28.6
假阴率/% 0.0 5.9 35.3 15.4 0.0
准确率/% 100.0 91.7 70.8 83.3 91.7
24个样品平均耗时/min 57 82 66 75 81
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271765627340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696611853222, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

24个样品计时实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试参数 I公司 II公司 III公司 IV公司 V公司
假阳率/% 0.0 14.3 14.3 28.6 28.6
假阴率/% 0.0 5.9 35.3 15.4 0.0
准确率/% 100.0 91.7 70.8 83.3 91.7
24个样品平均耗时/min 57 82 66 75 81
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水产品中地西泮快速检测产品技术评价
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杨静 , 方芳 , 沈媛 , 孙娟 , 吴仑 , 陈翔 , 贾晨 , 李英 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025,16(7): 102-108
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食品安全质量检测学报 |本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025 , 16 (7) : 102 -108
水产品中地西泮快速检测产品技术评价
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杨静 , 方芳, 沈媛, 孙娟, 吴仑, 陈翔, 贾晨, 李英*
作者信息
  • 北京市农产品质量安全中心, 北京 100053
通讯作者:
* 李英(1984—), 男, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量安全检测。E-mail:
Technical evaluation of the rapid detection of diazepam in the aquatic products
Jing YANG , Fang FANG, Yuan SHEN, Juan SUN, Lun WU, Xiang CHEN, Chen JIA, Ying LI*
Affiliations
  • Center for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products of Beijing, Beijing 100053, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031007
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目的 对北京市场认知度较高的5个厂家地西泮快速检测产品进行评价。方法 本研究以鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼为基质从灵敏度、钩状效应(HOOK效应)、特异性、准确性、操作简便性等方面进行技术评价, 评价结果参照中国水产科学研究院关于印发《2023年度水产品中药物残留快速检测产品现场验证的通知》。结果 I~V公司检出限灵敏度分别为: 92.2%、88.9%、100.0%、65.6%、33.3%; II公司HOOK效应假阴性10.0%; 其他4家公司均未出现HOOK效应; III公司对4种常见兽药残留均有交叉反应, 交叉反应率高达60%~90%, II公司对恩诺沙星交叉反应率为10%, V公司对恩诺沙星、土霉素有交叉反应, 交叉反应率分别为10.0%、20.0%; 其他2家公司均未出现交叉反应; 所有样品总体准确率在79.2%~96.9%之间, 总体准确率最高的为I公司, 准确率96.9%, 最低的为V公司, 准确率79.2%; 24样品测试平均耗时在57~82 min之间, 满足快速检测技术的要求。I公司水产品中地西泮快速检测产品评价合格; II~V公司评价均不合格, 目前北京市销售的水产品中地西泮快速检测产品性能仍与国家法定确证方法有一定差距, 需继续改进。结论 本研究以期为基层监管工作人员选购及应用提供参考, 推进快速检测技术在水产品质量安全监管中的应用

水产品  /  地西泮  /  快速检测产品  /  技术评价

Objective To evaluate the diazepam rapid detection products of 5 manufacturers with high recognition in Beijing. Methods In this study, common carp, grass carp and crucian carp were used as the substrate for technical evaluation from the aspects of sensitivity, HOOK effect, specificity, accuracy and ease of operation, etc. The evaluation results were referred to the Notice on the field verification of rapid detection products for drug residues in aquatic products in 2023 issued by the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences. Results The limits of detection for sensitivity of company I-V were 92.2%, 88.9%, 100.0%, 65.6% and 33.3%, respectively. Company II HOOK effect false negative 10%; HOOK effect did not appear in the other 4 companies. The cross-reaction rate of company III to the residues of 4 kinds of common veterinary drugs was as high as 60% to 90%, the cross-reaction rate of company II to enrofloxacin was 10%, the cross-reaction rate of company V to enrofloxacin and oxytetracycline were 10.0% and 20.0%. The other 2 companies did not have cross-reaction. The overall accuracy of all samples ranged from 79.2% to 96.9%. Company I had the highest overall accuracy (96.9%) and company V had the lowest accuracy (79.2%). The average test time of 24 samples is between 57 and 82 min, which meet the requirements of rapid detection technology. The rapid detection of diazepam in aquatic products of company I was qualified. The evaluation of company II-V was not qualified. At present, the performance of diazepam rapid detection products in aquatic products sold in Beijing was still a certain gap with the national legal confirmation method, which needed to be further improved. Conclusion This study is expected to provide reference for the purchase and application of grassroots supervision staff, and promote the application of rapid detection technology in the supervision of aquatic product quality and safety.

aquatic products  /  diazepam  /  rapid detection products  /  technical evaluation
杨静, 方芳, 沈媛, 孙娟, 吴仑, 陈翔, 贾晨, 李英. 水产品中地西泮快速检测产品技术评价. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (7) : 102 -108 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031007
Jing YANG, Fang FANG, Yuan SHEN, Juan SUN, Lun WU, Xiang CHEN, Chen JIA, Ying LI. Technical evaluation of the rapid detection of diazepam in the aquatic products[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (7) : 102 -108 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031007
近年来, 我国多种淡水水产品有检出地西泮残留的报道[1], 地西泮属于镇静类药物, 目前中国未批准作为水产养殖用兽药。依据《兽药管理条例》有关规定, 水产养殖过程中使用该药物属于违规用药。GB 31650—2019《食品安全国家标准 食品中兽药最大残留限量》中规定, 地西泮不得在动物性食品中检出。2022年11月15日农业农村部渔业渔政管理局《关于发布〈水产养殖用药明白纸2022年1、2号〉宣传材料的通知》新增了地西泮等畜禽用兽药在中国均未经审查批准用于水产动物, 在水产养殖过程中不得使用。
水产品中地西泮残留量的检测主要以液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱法等定量方法为主, 国家质量监督检验检疫总局发布的SN/T 3235—2012《出口动物源食品中多类禁用药物残留量检测方法 液相色谱-质谱-质谱法》是唯一可用于水产品中地西泮的检测标准, 但是由于常规定量检测受到仪器设备、场所条件、检测周期长等因素限制, 快速检测技术成为水产品质量安全现场执法和批发市场快速锁定不合格样品的重要手段[2-5], 其中, 胶体金免疫层析法是近年来发展最迅速, 被认为是目前最具应用价值和发展潜力的快速检测技术[6-9]。其具有前处理简单、检测成本低、对操作人员技术水平要求低等优点, 适宜在基层推广应用[10-14]。国家市场监管总局发布了KJ202105《水产品中地西泮残留的快速检测胶体金免疫层析法》, 规定了快速检测方法的相关技术要求。但是目前生产水产品快速检测的产品厂商有数十家, 所生产的产品有数百项。不同厂商的产品和仪器使用效果相差较大, 即便是同一厂家不同批次的产品使用效果较大的波动。因此, 有必要对市面上的快速检测产品进行技术评价。
本次评价参考了国家食品药品监督管理总局于2017年3月发布了《食品快速检测方法评价技术规范》, 规定了食品速测方法的评价指标、评价方法、评价步骤、试验测试、评价结果及报告出具等内容[15-17]。技术指标包括灵敏度、特异性、假阴性率和假阳性率、与参比方法一致性分析[18-22]。同时也参考了江西省、湖北省、深圳市、秦皇岛市食品快速检测产品评价技术规范。以及中国水产科学研究院关于开展2023年度水产品中药物残留快速检测产品现场验证通知的要求, 建立水产品中地西泮快速检测产品的技术评价方法[23-30]。本研究以鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼为基质, 从灵敏度、钩状效应(HOOK效应)、特异性、准确性、操作简便性等方面对北京市场认知度较高的5个品牌的地西泮快速检测产品进行评价。以期为基层监管工作人员选购及应用地西泮快速检测产品提供参考, 推进快速检测技术在水产品质量安全监管中的应用。
鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼、空白狭鳕阴性样品为北京市农产品质量安全中心经液相色谱-串联质谱法检测确认过的样品; 含有地西泮的质控样品为北京市农产品质量安全中心经液相色谱-串联质谱法检测确认过的阳性样品; 鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼添加样品为阴性样品添加地西泮标准溶液, 并经液相色谱-串联质谱法随机抽样检测确认, 均匀性和稳定性符合CNAS-GL003: 2018《能力验证样品均匀性和稳定性评价指南》要求; 评价用快速检测产品: 购于5个厂家的快速检测产品; 地西泮标准品(国家标准物质中心)。
ME204E万分之一电子天平[梅特勒-托利多(上海)有限公司]; LEPARD多管漩涡振荡器、XIR台式高速冷冻离心机[赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司]; N-EVAP112氮吹仪(美国Organomation公司); XEVO TQ-XS液相色谱-质谱联用仪(美国Waters公司)。
5个厂家检出限均为0.5 μg/kg, 选取2个浓度水平0.5 μg/kg、1.5 μg/kg, 每个水平作30个平行样本, 将10.0 ng/mL地西泮标准溶液分别以0.5 μg/kg、1.5 μg/kg的浓度水平添加到鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼基质中, 严格按照各厂家速测产品说明书进行检测、结果判定与统计分析, 考察产品灵敏度。
向鲤鱼基质中添加中分别添加200 μg/kg水平的地西泮, 每组10个平行, 严格按照各厂家速测产品说明书进行检测、结果判定与统计分析, 考察产品HOOK效应。
向鲤鱼基质中分别添加100 μg/kg水平的市面常用水产兽药恩诺沙星、磺胺嘧啶、土霉素、氟苯尼考等标准溶液, 每种药物设置10平行样品, 严格按照各厂家速测产品说明书进行检测、结果判定与统计分析, 考察其特异性。
5个厂家产品分别测试以空白狭鳕和鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼空白基质作为阴性样品和以鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼为基质制作添加样品和质控样品作为阳性样品, 其中实际阴性样品140个, 包括空白狭鳕10个、鲤鱼阴性样品30个, 草鱼阴性样品30个, 鲫鱼阴性样品30个, 特异性实验阴性样品40个; 实际阳性样品220个, 包括鲤鱼添加阳性样品60个, 草鱼添加阳性样品60个, 鲫鱼添加阳性样品60个, 质控样品30个, HOOK样品10个。严格按照各厂家速测产品说明书进行检测、结果判定与统计分析, 考察其假阳性率、假阴性率和总体准确率。
随机抽取24份样品严格按照各厂家速测产品说明书进行检测、结果判定与统计分析, 同时进行计时。
随机抽取以空白狭鳕、鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼、质控样品为基质制作的阴性样品、实际阴性样品、各添加水平的阳性样品和实际阳性样品各10份, 采用SN/T 3235—2012确证。
评价方法参照《2023年度水产品中药物残留快速检测产品现场验证的通知》, 现场验证内容满足以下要求的, 判为符合要求。
(1)在每个批号检测20份空白样品中, 假阳性率≤10%的判为符合要求, >10%的判为不符合要求;
(2)在每个批号检测20份加标样品中, 假阴性率≤5的判为符合要求, >5的判为不符合要求;
(3)小批样品检测时间≤120 min、大批样品检测时间≤10 h的判为符合要求, 否则判为不符合要求。
本研究样本制备完成后, 采用Excel 2010表格中Rand函数随机产生样品编号, 数据统计采用Excel表统计功能完成。
灵敏度是指方法在实验条件下达到的实际最低检出水平时, 检出阳性结果的阳性样品数占总阳性样品数的百分比[31]。对比各厂家标称检出限(0.5 μg/kg), 本研究结果显示: I公司产品检出限(0.5 μg/kg)的灵敏度: 鲤鱼86.7%, 草鱼93.3%, 鲫鱼96.7%; 3倍检出限(1.5 μg/kg)的灵敏度: 鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼均为100.0%; II公司产品检出限(0.5 μg/kg)的灵敏度: 鲤鱼80.0%, 草鱼96.7%, 鲫鱼90.0%; 3倍检出限(1.5 μg/kg)的灵敏度: 鲤鱼90.0%、草鱼100.0%、鲫鱼93.3%; III公司产品检出限(0.5 μg/kg)的灵敏度: 鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼均为100.0%; 3倍检出限(1.5 μg/kg)的灵敏度: 鲤鱼、鲫鱼均为100.0%、草鱼93.3%; IV公司产品检出限(0.5 μg/kg)的灵敏度: 鲤鱼70.0%、草鱼66.7%、鲫鱼60.0%; 3倍检出限(1.5 μg/kg)的灵敏度: 鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼均为100.0%; V公司产品检出限(0.5 μg/kg)的灵敏度: 鲤鱼30.0%、草鱼40.0%、鲫鱼30.0%; 3倍检出限(1.5 μg/kg)的灵敏度: 鲤鱼100.0%、草鱼86.7%、鲫鱼83.4%; 结果详见表1
HOOK效应又称钩状效应, 是指在免疫检测中, 样本中的抗体或抗原升高至一定程度后, 测定结果即随抗原或抗体浓度的增加而开始下降直到不显色, 而出现假阴性结果的问题[31]。本研究结果显示: I公司、III公司、IV公司、V公司所生产的速测试剂条在200 μg/kg添加水平时均能正常显色, 未达到其HOOK效应实验; II公司出现假阴性: 10.0%。而地西泮在水产品中的残留量一般不超过100 μg/kg, 说明速测产品能满足大多数实际工作需要, 产生因样品浓度高而使其失效的可能性极小。
特异性是指对相应的抗原及近似的抗原物质的识别能力, 通常特异性是以交叉反应率来表示的[31]。交叉反应率低, 表示特异性好, 反之则特异性差。本研究选择了水产养殖中常用药物恩诺沙星、磺胺嘧啶、土霉素和氟苯尼考共4种药物, 浓度为100 μg/kg水平考察速测产品特异性, 结果显示: III公司地西泮快速检测试剂条均对恩诺沙星、磺胺嘧啶、土霉素和氟苯尼考有交叉反应, 交叉反应率分别为: 90.0%、90.0%、80.0%、60.0%, 特异性差; II公司地西泮快速检测试剂条对恩诺沙星有交叉反应, 交叉反应率为: 10.0%; V公司地西泮快速检测试剂条对恩诺沙星、土霉素有交叉反应, 交叉反应率为: 10.0%、20.0%; I公司、IV公司产品均无交叉反应, 表示特异性好,结果见表2
假阳(阴)性率是指方法在实验条件下达到的实际最低检出水平时, 阴(阳)性样品中检出阳(阴)性结果的最大概率(以百分比计), 计算结果为方法最大假阳(阴)性率的结果。准确率是指方法在实验条件下达到的实际最低检出水平时, 所有阳性样品和阴性样品检测结果正确的概率(以百分比计)[31]
本研究结果显示: I公司: 全部阴性样品假阳性率为2.9%; 全部阳性样品假阴性率为3.2%; 所有样品的准确率96.9%; II公司: 全部阴性样品假阳性率为12.9%; 全部阳性样品假阴性率为8.2%; 所有样品的准确率为90.0%; III公司: 全部阴性样品假阳性率为35.7%; 全部阳性样品假阴性率为1.8%; 所有样品的准确率为85.0%; IV公司: 全部阴性样品假阳性率为0.7%; 全部阳性样品假阴性率为14.1%; 所有样品的准确率为91.1%; V公司: 全部阴性样品假阳性率为3.6%; 全部阳性样品假阴性率为31.8%; 所有样品的准确率为79.2%, 结果详见表3
操作简便性是速测产品能够得到广泛应用的前提, 快速出具准确检测结果是评价快速检测产品性能的重要指标。本研究为了尽量符合批发市场和乡镇农产品质量安全管理站的实际工作情况, 选择随机抽取24个样品量计时实验。实验结果与总体结果类似, 假阳性率最低的为I公司, 最高的为IV和V公司; 假阴性率最低的I公司, 最高的为III公司; 总体准确率最高的为I公司; 24样品测试平均耗时5家公司在57~82 min之间, 平均耗时72 min。耗时最少并且准确率高的为I公司, 结果详见表4
实验样品中地西泮的实际残留量是否准确是整个评价的前提。本研究样品在制备过程符合CNAS-GL003: 2018要求同时, 随机抽取实际阴性样品、各添加水平的阳性样品和实际阳性样品各10份, 采用SN/T 3235—2012进行液相色谱-质谱法确证, 测定结果显示结果与实际结果一致, 保证了整个实验结果的可靠性。
本研究评价结果如下: I公司: 检出限灵敏度在92.2%; 无HOOK效应; 无特异性交叉反应; 所有样品的准确率96.9%; 24样品测试耗时57 min, 评价合格。II公司: 检出限灵敏度在88.9%; HOOK效应出现假阴性, 比率10.0%; 对恩诺沙星有交叉反应, 交叉反应率10.0%; 所有样品的准确率90.0%; 24样品测试耗时82 min, 评价不合格。III公司: 灵敏度在100.0%; 无HOOK效应; 与4种常见兽药恩诺沙星、磺胺嘧啶、土霉素和氟苯尼考均有交叉反应, 交叉反应率高达60.0%~90.0%; 所有样品的准确率85.0%; 24样品测试耗时66 min, 评价不合格。IV公司: 检出限灵敏度在65.6%; 无HOOK效应; 无特异性交叉反应; 所有样品的准确率91.1%; 24样品测试耗时75 min, 评价不合格。V公司: 检出限灵敏度在33.3%; 无HOOK效应; 对恩诺沙星、土霉素有交叉反应, 交叉反应率分别为10.0%, 20.0%; 所有样品的准确率79.2%; 24样品测试耗时81 min, 评价不合格。
本研究中, 5个公司的快速检测产品均承诺性能指标满足相关标准和要求, 但按照中国水产科学研究院关于开展2023年度水产品中药物残留快速检测产品现场验证通知的要求, 只有1个公司评产品价合格, 其余4个公司部分产品性能指标方面与承诺性能指标以及与国家法定确证方法有一定差距, 需继续改进。很大原因在于目前在食品快速检测产品评价技术方面缺乏相关标准和法律依据, 相关部门应推进对快速检测产品评价标准体系的建立, 加大对快速检测产品的监管力度, 以期为基层工作人员选购及应用提供参考, 推进快速检测技术在水产品质量安全监管中的应用。
本研究中, V公司产品测试草鱼、鲫鱼阳性样品的假阴性率较高, 达到33.3%~40.0%, 而鲤鱼的假阴性率0%, 这说明部分速测产品前处理过程仍不能消除基质效应, 需进一步加大对前处理方法的优化; 此外本次使用阳性样品均为添加阳性样品和质控阳性样品, 未考虑实际阳性样品基质的影响, 因此以后评价工作中, 应充分考虑其基质效应, 尽量选择不同基质, 试剂的阳性样品进行性能考察, 使评价更加科学、有效。
本研究中, III公司产品与4种常见兽药恩诺沙星、磺胺嘧啶、土霉素和氟苯尼考均有交叉反应, 交叉反应率高达60.0%~90.0%; 而在产品说明书中未说明与结构相近药物的交叉反应, 说明选择何种药物进行特异性实验是衡量其特异性的重要因素, 建议在以后制订速测产品质量标准时应予以规定。
  • 农产品质量安全项目(11000024T000002848658)
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2025年第16卷第7期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031007
  • 接收时间:2024-10-31
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31
基金
农产品质量安全项目(11000024T000002848658)
作者信息
    北京市农产品质量安全中心, 北京 100053

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* 李英(1984—), 男, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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