Article(id=1153433696184034197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250207003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738857600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929622932, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929622932, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929622932, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929622932, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433686872679135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929620712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757656380159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1173259152974561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1173259152978756047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=63, endPage=70, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433697110975409, articleId=1153433696184034197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Study on quinolone drugs contamination levels and health exposure risk in poultry eggs and chicken meat in Inner Mongolia region, columnId=1151895322692776479, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Analysis and Monitoring of Toxic and Harmful Substances in Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To study the distribution characteristics and health risk exposure levels of 6 kinds of common quinolone antibiotics in poultry eggs and chicken meat in Inner Mongolia. Methods The content of norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin in poultry eggs and chicken samples randomly collected from some cities in the region. In 2021, 2022 and 2024 were determined by isotope internal standard, solid phase extraction, ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the data of quinolone residues in poultry eggs and chicken in the whole region were statistically analyzed, according to the reference value of different age groups dietary intake and detected data, the hazard quotient of each age group was calculated and the health risk to the population was analyzed. Results In 2021, the detection rate of poultry eggs was 5.00% (3/60), the exposure levels was 0.09-0.52 μg/(kg·d), and the hazard quotient was 0.004-0.021; the detection rate of chicken was 16.70% (10/60), the exposure levels was 0.23-12.39 μg/(kg·d), and the hazard quotient was 0.009-0.492. In 2022, the detection rate of poultry eggs was 6.25% (5/80), the exposure levels was 0.09-0.49 μg/(kg·d), and the hazard quotient was 0.004-0.019; the detection rate of of chicken was 3.75% (3/80), the exposure levels was 0.01-0.68 μg/(kg·d), and the hazard quotient was 0.0004-0.0270. In 2024, the detection rate of poultry eggs was 3.33% (4/120), the exposure levels was 0.13-0.70 μg/(kg·d), and the hazard quotient was 0.005-0.028; the detection rate of chicken was 6.36% (7/110), the exposure levels was 0.03-1.58 μg/(kg·d), and the hazard quotient was 0.001-0.063. Conclusion The 3 years of analysis data shows that quinolone antibiotics are detected in poultry eggs or chicken almost all cities, the average detected in chicken is higher than that in poultry eggs. The exposure risk of quinolone antibiotics in poultry eggs and chicken in 4 age groups is less than 1 and the health risk is small.

, correspAuthors=Chun-Bo LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xu CHEN, Chun-Bo LIU, Hai-Yan ZHANG, Yu-Lan BAO, Li-Min ZHANG, Hong ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433716425745051, articleId=1153433696184034197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=内蒙古地区禽蛋、鸡肉中喹诺酮类药物的污染水平及暴露健康风险研究, columnId=1151895322898297380, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究内蒙古地区禽蛋、鸡肉中常见6种喹诺酮类抗生素污染的分布特征及健康风险暴露水平。方法 采用同位素内标-固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定2021、2022、2024年度对全区部分盟市随机采集的禽蛋和鸡肉样品中诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星和洛美沙星含量, 并对全区禽蛋、鸡肉中喹诺酮类药物残留情况数据进行统计分析, 根据不同年龄段人群膳食摄入的参考值和检测的数据, 计算各年龄段的危害商, 分析其对人群的健康风险。结果 2021年禽蛋检出率为5.00% (3/60), 暴露量为0.09~0.52 μg/(kg· d), 危害商为0.004~0.021; 鸡肉检出率16.70% (10/60), 暴露量为0.23~12.39 μg/(kg·d), 危害商为0.009~0.492; 2022年禽蛋检出率为6.25% (5/80), 暴露量为0.09~0.49 μg/(kg· d), 危害商为0.004~0.019, 鸡肉检出率3.75% (3/80), 暴露量为0.01~0.68 μg/(kg·d), 危害商为0.0004~0.0270; 2024年禽蛋检出率为3.33% (4/120), 暴露量为0.13~0.70 μg/(kg·d), 危害商为0.005~0.028, 鸡肉检出率6.36% (7/110), 暴露量为0.03~ 1.58 μg/(kg·d), 危害商为0.001~0.063。结论 3年的分析数据显示, 几乎所有的盟市均在禽蛋或鸡肉中检出喹诺酮抗生素, 鸡肉中检出平均值高于禽蛋, 4个年龄段人群禽蛋、鸡肉中喹诺酮类抗生素药物暴露风险商均小于1, 健康风险较小。

, correspAuthors=刘春波, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 刘春波(1987—), 男, 硕士, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品药品检测及风险评估。E-mail:
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陈旭(1986—), 女, 主管药师, 主要研究方向为药物分析检测及伦理。E-mail:

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陈旭(1986—), 女, 主管药师, 主要研究方向为药物分析检测及伦理。E-mail:

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Beijing: Science Press, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1173278488258822343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=22, pageStart=236, pageEnd=247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=52, authorNames=劳柏豪, 张静娴, 于泓, journalName=食品安全质量检测学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=劳柏豪, 张静娴, 于泓, 等. 动物源性食品中禁用兽药监管及检测策略研究进展[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2024, 15(22): 236-247., articleTitle=动物源性食品中禁用兽药监管及检测策略研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1173278488330125512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=22, pageStart=236, pageEnd=247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=53, authorNames=LAO BH, ZHANG JX, YU H, journalName=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LAO BH, ZHANG JX, YU H, et al. Research progress on regulatory and detection strategies for prohibited veterinary drugs in animal-derived foods[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2024, 15(22): 236-247., articleTitle=Research progress on regulatory and detection strategies for prohibited veterinary drugs in animal-derived foods, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1173278482017697938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, awardId=2024FX34, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024FX34), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1173278477026476116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278477034864725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, companyId=1173278477026476116, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot 010010, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278477043253334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, companyId=1173278477026476116, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.内蒙古自治区中医医院, 呼和浩特 010010)]), AuthorCompany(id=1173278477101973591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278477114556504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, companyId=1173278477101973591, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Hohhot Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010010, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278477122945113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, companyId=1173278477101973591, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.呼和浩特市疾病预防控制中心, 呼和浩特 010010)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1173278480537108610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Ion chromatograms of 6 kinds of quinolones, figureFileSmall=lzKSulHyScC509JALxlkyg==, figureFileBig=A12mIjMsXKFwMY5s00lXzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278480641966211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=CN, label=图1, caption=6种喹诺酮离子流图, figureFileSmall=lzKSulHyScC509JALxlkyg==, figureFileBig=A12mIjMsXKFwMY5s00lXzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278480696492164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Detection rates and distribution of relevant cities in 2021 (a) and 2022 (b), figureFileSmall=k5g1qx5L9mBqhJ5zVoc/Fw==, figureFileBig=tBap7HNrUKReL8YORnXjkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278480759406725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2021年(a)和2022年(b)相关(盟)市检出率及分布, figureFileSmall=k5g1qx5L9mBqhJ5zVoc/Fw==, figureFileBig=tBap7HNrUKReL8YORnXjkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278480839098502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Detection rates and distribution of relevant cities in 2024, figureFileSmall=6KkbJ5e3hPZeHdwkItTQ8A==, figureFileBig=HB9uQKGMVgob3k6/N1A7Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278480914595975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2024年相关(盟)市检出率及分布, figureFileSmall=6KkbJ5e3hPZeHdwkItTQ8A==, figureFileBig=HB9uQKGMVgob3k6/N1A7Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278480994287752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mass spectrometry parameters of quinolones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 碎裂电压/eV 碰撞电压/eV 扫描方式 保留时间/min
诺氟沙星 320.2 302.2 105 17 ESI+ 2.282
320.2 276.2 105 17 ESI+ 2.282
诺氟沙星-d5 325.2 307.3 115 18 ESI+ 2.282
恩诺沙星 360.3 342.3 123 20 ESI+ 2.598
360.3 316.4 123 16 ESI+ 2.598
恩诺沙星-d5 365.1 321.3 105 20 ESI+ 2.598
氧氟沙星 362.2 318.3 130 15 ESI+ 2.298
362.2 261,2 130 26 ESI+ 2.298
氧氟沙星-d3 365.2 321.2 115 19 ESI+ 2.297
培氟沙星 334.3 290.3 130 20 ESI+ 2.340
334.3 233.2 130 16 ESI+ 2.340
培氟沙星-d5 339.2 321.2 105 18 ESI+ 2.320
339.2 295.2 105 18 ESI+ 2.320
环丙沙星 332.2 314.2 115 17 ESI+ 2.360
332.2 288.3 115 18 ESI+ 2.360
环丙沙星-d8 340.2 322.2 105 18 ESI+ 2.280
洛美沙星 352.3 334.3 105 19 ESI+ 2.495
352.3 265.1 105 20 ESI+ 2.495
洛美沙星-d5 357.2 339.2 125 20 ESI+ 2.478
), ArticleFig(id=1173278481082368137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

喹诺酮类药物质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 碎裂电压/eV 碰撞电压/eV 扫描方式 保留时间/min
诺氟沙星 320.2 302.2 105 17 ESI+ 2.282
320.2 276.2 105 17 ESI+ 2.282
诺氟沙星-d5 325.2 307.3 115 18 ESI+ 2.282
恩诺沙星 360.3 342.3 123 20 ESI+ 2.598
360.3 316.4 123 16 ESI+ 2.598
恩诺沙星-d5 365.1 321.3 105 20 ESI+ 2.598
氧氟沙星 362.2 318.3 130 15 ESI+ 2.298
362.2 261,2 130 26 ESI+ 2.298
氧氟沙星-d3 365.2 321.2 115 19 ESI+ 2.297
培氟沙星 334.3 290.3 130 20 ESI+ 2.340
334.3 233.2 130 16 ESI+ 2.340
培氟沙星-d5 339.2 321.2 105 18 ESI+ 2.320
339.2 295.2 105 18 ESI+ 2.320
环丙沙星 332.2 314.2 115 17 ESI+ 2.360
332.2 288.3 115 18 ESI+ 2.360
环丙沙星-d8 340.2 322.2 105 18 ESI+ 2.280
洛美沙星 352.3 334.3 105 19 ESI+ 2.495
352.3 265.1 105 20 ESI+ 2.495
洛美沙星-d5 357.2 339.2 125 20 ESI+ 2.478
), ArticleFig(id=1173278481153671306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Related parameters of quinolones detected in different years

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 样品类别 样品数 检出数 检出率
/%
浓度值
/(μg/kg)
平均值/(μg/kg)
2021 鸡蛋 60 3 5.00 ND~2.73 0.25
鸡肉 60 10 16.70 ND~90.40 3.84
2022 鸡蛋 80 5 6.25 ND~1.64 0.24
鸡肉 80 3 3.75 ND~1.94 0.21
2024 禽蛋 120 4 3.33 ND~14.77 0.34
鸡肉 110 7 6.36 ND~15.27 0.49
), ArticleFig(id=1173278481258528907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同年份的喹诺酮类检测相关参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 样品类别 样品数 检出数 检出率
/%
浓度值
/(μg/kg)
平均值/(μg/kg)
2021 鸡蛋 60 3 5.00 ND~2.73 0.25
鸡肉 60 10 16.70 ND~90.40 3.84
2022 鸡蛋 80 5 6.25 ND~1.64 0.24
鸡肉 80 3 3.75 ND~1.94 0.21
2024 禽蛋 120 4 3.33 ND~14.77 0.34
鸡肉 110 7 6.36 ND~15.27 0.49
), ArticleFig(id=1173278481380163724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Dietary exposure and hazard quotients of quinolones in different populations (Inner Mongolia)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
/岁

FBW
/kg
鸡肉FIR
/(g/d)
禽蛋FIR
/(.g/d)
2021年 2022年 2024年
鸡肉 禽蛋 鸡肉 禽蛋 鸡肉 禽蛋
FEDI
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEDI
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEDI
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEDI
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEDI
/μg/(kg·d))
FHQ FEDI
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ
2~5 17.6 48.0 29.0 10.47 0.415 0.41 0.016 0.57 0.023 0.40 0.016 0.93 0.037 0.56 0.022
16.4 52.9 33.8 12.39 0.492 0.52 0.021 0.68 0.027 0.49 0.019 1.58 0.063 0.70 0.028
6~11 33.5 23.7 17.9 2.72 0.108 0.13 0.005 0.15 0.006 0.13 0.005 0.35 0.014 0.18 0.007
31.4 17.4 15.8 2.13 0.085 0.13 0.005 0.17 0.007 0.12 0.005 0.19 0.008 0.17 0.007
12~17 54.9 68.5 40.1 4.79 0.190 0.18 0.007 0.26 0.010 0.18 0.007 0.61 0.024 0.25 0.010
50.7 49.3 36.3 3.73 0.148 0.18 0.007 0.20 0.008 0.17 0.007 0.48 0.019 0.24 0.010
>18 70.1 4.2 25.9 0.23 0.009 0.09 0.004 0.01 0.0004 0.09 0.004 0.03 0.001 0.13 0.005
61.6 4.2 25.9 0.26 0.010 0.11 0.004 0.01 0.0004 0.10 0.004 0.03 0.001 0.14 0.006
), ArticleFig(id=1173278481510187149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同人群的喹诺酮类膳食暴露量和危害商数(内蒙古)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
/岁

FBW
/kg
鸡肉FIR
/(g/d)
禽蛋FIR
/(.g/d)
2021年 2022年 2024年
鸡肉 禽蛋 鸡肉 禽蛋 鸡肉 禽蛋
FEDI
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEDI
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEDI
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEDI
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEDI
/μg/(kg·d))
FHQ FEDI
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ
2~5 17.6 48.0 29.0 10.47 0.415 0.41 0.016 0.57 0.023 0.40 0.016 0.93 0.037 0.56 0.022
16.4 52.9 33.8 12.39 0.492 0.52 0.021 0.68 0.027 0.49 0.019 1.58 0.063 0.70 0.028
6~11 33.5 23.7 17.9 2.72 0.108 0.13 0.005 0.15 0.006 0.13 0.005 0.35 0.014 0.18 0.007
31.4 17.4 15.8 2.13 0.085 0.13 0.005 0.17 0.007 0.12 0.005 0.19 0.008 0.17 0.007
12~17 54.9 68.5 40.1 4.79 0.190 0.18 0.007 0.26 0.010 0.18 0.007 0.61 0.024 0.25 0.010
50.7 49.3 36.3 3.73 0.148 0.18 0.007 0.20 0.008 0.17 0.007 0.48 0.019 0.24 0.010
>18 70.1 4.2 25.9 0.23 0.009 0.09 0.004 0.01 0.0004 0.09 0.004 0.03 0.001 0.13 0.005
61.6 4.2 25.9 0.26 0.010 0.11 0.004 0.01 0.0004 0.10 0.004 0.03 0.001 0.14 0.006
), ArticleFig(id=1173278481598267534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Related parameters of detected in different quinolones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 LOD
/(μg/kg)
禽蛋(260份) 鸡肉(250份)
检出数 检出率/% 浓度值/(μg/kg) 平均值/(μg/kg) 检出数 检出率/% 浓度值/(μg/kg) 平均值/(μg/kg)
恩诺沙星 0.15 12 4.62 ND~14.77 0.29 14 5.6 ND~90.4 1.15
诺氟沙星 0.20 0 0 ND 0.20 6 2.4 ND~3.08 0.24
氧氟沙星 0.25 0 0 ND 0.25 2 0.8 ND~2.14 0.26
), ArticleFig(id=1173278481703125135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同喹诺酮类检测相关参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 LOD
/(μg/kg)
禽蛋(260份) 鸡肉(250份)
检出数 检出率/% 浓度值/(μg/kg) 平均值/(μg/kg) 检出数 检出率/% 浓度值/(μg/kg) 平均值/(μg/kg)
恩诺沙星 0.15 12 4.62 ND~14.77 0.29 14 5.6 ND~90.4 1.15
诺氟沙星 0.20 0 0 ND 0.20 6 2.4 ND~3.08 0.24
氧氟沙星 0.25 0 0 ND 0.25 2 0.8 ND~2.14 0.26
), ArticleFig(id=1173278481787011216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Dietary exposure and hazard in different quinolones (Inner Mongolia)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁 性别 恩诺沙星 氧氟沙星 诺氟沙星 喹诺酮总计
禽蛋 鸡肉 鸡肉 鸡肉 禽蛋和鸡肉
FEID
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEID
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEID
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEID
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ ΣFHQ
2~5 0.478 0.077 3.136 0.506 0.709 0.142 0.654 0.047 0.772
0.598 0.096 3.709 0.598 0.839 0.168 0.774 0.055 0.917
6~11 0.155 0.025 0.814 0.131 0.184 0.037 0.170 0.012 0.205
0.146 0.024 0.637 0.103 0.144 0.029 0.133 0.009 0.165
12~17 0.212 0.034 1.435 0.231 0.324 0.065 0.299 0.021 0.351
0.207 0.033 1.118 0.180 0.253 0.051 0.234 0.017 0.281
>18 0.107 0.017 0.069 0.011 0.016 0.003 0.015 0.001 0.032
0.122 0.020 0.078 0.012 0.018 0.003 0.017 0.001 0.036
), ArticleFig(id=1173278481875091601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433696184034197, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同喹诺酮类膳食暴露量和危害商数(内蒙古)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁 性别 恩诺沙星 氧氟沙星 诺氟沙星 喹诺酮总计
禽蛋 鸡肉 鸡肉 鸡肉 禽蛋和鸡肉
FEID
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEID
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEID
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ FEID
/μg/(kg·d)
FHQ ΣFHQ
2~5 0.478 0.077 3.136 0.506 0.709 0.142 0.654 0.047 0.772
0.598 0.096 3.709 0.598 0.839 0.168 0.774 0.055 0.917
6~11 0.155 0.025 0.814 0.131 0.184 0.037 0.170 0.012 0.205
0.146 0.024 0.637 0.103 0.144 0.029 0.133 0.009 0.165
12~17 0.212 0.034 1.435 0.231 0.324 0.065 0.299 0.021 0.351
0.207 0.033 1.118 0.180 0.253 0.051 0.234 0.017 0.281
>18 0.107 0.017 0.069 0.011 0.016 0.003 0.015 0.001 0.032
0.122 0.020 0.078 0.012 0.018 0.003 0.017 0.001 0.036
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内蒙古地区禽蛋、鸡肉中喹诺酮类药物的污染水平及暴露健康风险研究
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陈旭 1 , 刘春波 2, * , 张海燕 2 , 包玉兰 2 , 张丽敏 2 , 赵宏 2
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025,16(7): 63-70
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025, 16(7): 63-70
内蒙古地区禽蛋、鸡肉中喹诺酮类药物的污染水平及暴露健康风险研究
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陈旭1 , 刘春波2, * , 张海燕2, 包玉兰2, 张丽敏2, 赵宏2
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古自治区中医医院, 呼和浩特 010010
  • 2.呼和浩特市疾病预防控制中心, 呼和浩特 010010
  • 陈旭(1986—), 女, 主管药师, 主要研究方向为药物分析检测及伦理。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 刘春波(1987—), 男, 硕士, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品药品检测及风险评估。E-mail:
Study on quinolone drugs contamination levels and health exposure risk in poultry eggs and chicken meat in Inner Mongolia region
Xu CHEN1 , Chun-Bo LIU2, * , Hai-Yan ZHANG2, Yu-Lan BAO2, Li-Min ZHANG2, Hong ZHAO2
Affiliations
  • 1. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot 010010, China
  • 2. Hohhot Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010010, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250207003
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目的 研究内蒙古地区禽蛋、鸡肉中常见6种喹诺酮类抗生素污染的分布特征及健康风险暴露水平。方法 采用同位素内标-固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定2021、2022、2024年度对全区部分盟市随机采集的禽蛋和鸡肉样品中诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星和洛美沙星含量, 并对全区禽蛋、鸡肉中喹诺酮类药物残留情况数据进行统计分析, 根据不同年龄段人群膳食摄入的参考值和检测的数据, 计算各年龄段的危害商, 分析其对人群的健康风险。结果 2021年禽蛋检出率为5.00% (3/60), 暴露量为0.09~0.52 μg/(kg· d), 危害商为0.004~0.021; 鸡肉检出率16.70% (10/60), 暴露量为0.23~12.39 μg/(kg·d), 危害商为0.009~0.492; 2022年禽蛋检出率为6.25% (5/80), 暴露量为0.09~0.49 μg/(kg· d), 危害商为0.004~0.019, 鸡肉检出率3.75% (3/80), 暴露量为0.01~0.68 μg/(kg·d), 危害商为0.0004~0.0270; 2024年禽蛋检出率为3.33% (4/120), 暴露量为0.13~0.70 μg/(kg·d), 危害商为0.005~0.028, 鸡肉检出率6.36% (7/110), 暴露量为0.03~ 1.58 μg/(kg·d), 危害商为0.001~0.063。结论 3年的分析数据显示, 几乎所有的盟市均在禽蛋或鸡肉中检出喹诺酮抗生素, 鸡肉中检出平均值高于禽蛋, 4个年龄段人群禽蛋、鸡肉中喹诺酮类抗生素药物暴露风险商均小于1, 健康风险较小。

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法  /  健康风险  /  喹诺酮  /  固相萃取

Objective To study the distribution characteristics and health risk exposure levels of 6 kinds of common quinolone antibiotics in poultry eggs and chicken meat in Inner Mongolia. Methods The content of norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin in poultry eggs and chicken samples randomly collected from some cities in the region. In 2021, 2022 and 2024 were determined by isotope internal standard, solid phase extraction, ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the data of quinolone residues in poultry eggs and chicken in the whole region were statistically analyzed, according to the reference value of different age groups dietary intake and detected data, the hazard quotient of each age group was calculated and the health risk to the population was analyzed. Results In 2021, the detection rate of poultry eggs was 5.00% (3/60), the exposure levels was 0.09-0.52 μg/(kg·d), and the hazard quotient was 0.004-0.021; the detection rate of chicken was 16.70% (10/60), the exposure levels was 0.23-12.39 μg/(kg·d), and the hazard quotient was 0.009-0.492. In 2022, the detection rate of poultry eggs was 6.25% (5/80), the exposure levels was 0.09-0.49 μg/(kg·d), and the hazard quotient was 0.004-0.019; the detection rate of of chicken was 3.75% (3/80), the exposure levels was 0.01-0.68 μg/(kg·d), and the hazard quotient was 0.0004-0.0270. In 2024, the detection rate of poultry eggs was 3.33% (4/120), the exposure levels was 0.13-0.70 μg/(kg·d), and the hazard quotient was 0.005-0.028; the detection rate of chicken was 6.36% (7/110), the exposure levels was 0.03-1.58 μg/(kg·d), and the hazard quotient was 0.001-0.063. Conclusion The 3 years of analysis data shows that quinolone antibiotics are detected in poultry eggs or chicken almost all cities, the average detected in chicken is higher than that in poultry eggs. The exposure risk of quinolone antibiotics in poultry eggs and chicken in 4 age groups is less than 1 and the health risk is small.

ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  health risk  /  quinolones  /  solid phase extraction
陈旭, 刘春波, 张海燕, 包玉兰, 张丽敏, 赵宏. 内蒙古地区禽蛋、鸡肉中喹诺酮类药物的污染水平及暴露健康风险研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (7) : 63 -70 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250207003
Xu CHEN, Chun-Bo LIU, Hai-Yan ZHANG, Yu-Lan BAO, Li-Min ZHANG, Hong ZHAO. Study on quinolone drugs contamination levels and health exposure risk in poultry eggs and chicken meat in Inner Mongolia region[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (7) : 63 -70 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250207003
内蒙古自治区水草丰富, 粮食饲料充足, 近几年来全区各地都在大量的发展养殖业, 其中牲畜、禽类更是发展的主要行业。与此近年来抗生素喹诺酮类药物在禽肉、禽蛋、牛羊肉、奶制品等食品中常常检出超标, 这些超标的食品可通过食物链以不同途径进入人体, 其中禽蛋、鸡肉是人体摄入喹诺酮类药物的最主要途径。动物源食品中常存在一种或多种喹诺酮类残留[1]。过多摄入禽肉增加2型糖尿病、结肠癌、肥胖的发病风险[2]。如果兽药残留达到较高水平且长期摄入, 可能对人体健康产生慢性毒性效应, 增加耐药性和引发过敏反应[3]以及引起不同程度的神经毒性风险[4]。因此, 含高浓度喹诺酮类药物的食品安全问题及健康风险是当前相关研究关注的焦点。
喹诺酮类药物结构中含有碱性基团哌嗪基和酸性基团羧基, 具有酸碱两性化合物的特征, 提取前可加乙二胺四乙酸(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA)缓冲液调节或1%甲酸酸化乙腈[5], 从而提高提取效率。喹诺酮类样品前处理时常使用固相萃取法[6]和QuEChERS方法[7], QuEChERS操作简单[8], 净化不足[9], 易受基质干扰但复杂基质去除率低[10]; 固相萃取基质去除率好, 例如: 简单适合大批量样品检测的新型微萃取技术, 仪器操作复杂且对复杂基质提取效率低[11], 超临界流体萃取具有高回收率、低能耗、无污染、操作简便等优点[12], 液液萃取技术简单易行, 对实验条件和仪器要求不高, 但在实施过程中往往消耗大量有机溶剂, 且难以适用于基质复杂的样品[13]; JUNG等[14]采用液液萃取法, 结合液相色谱-串联质谱技术同时检测水产品中12种兽药; 萃取效率高、基质效应小的加速溶剂萃取法, 需要高温高压, 仪器操作复杂[15]。国内外对喹诺酮类的分析检测方法主要有微生物检测法、酶联免疫吸附法[16]、毛细管电泳法、高效液相色谱法、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法等。王小骊等[17]利用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速测定羊肉样品中10种喹诺酮类药物残留的分析; 罗静等[18]采用基质固相分散-液相色谱-串联质谱法检测鸡蛋中氟喹诺酮类药物残留; 复合线性离子阱质谱是一种混合型串联质谱仪, 既保留了串联四极杆的选择性和灵敏度优势, 也可实现线性离子阱增强二级碎片离子定性功能, 有利于提高复杂样品基质中痕量目标化合物的准确定性能力[19]; 刘柏林等[20]采用同位素内标-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定禽类食品中喹诺酮与四环素残留量。
为了解内蒙古自治区鸡肉和禽蛋中的喹诺酮-抗生素兽药残留情况, 传统固相萃取法提取效果好但回收误差较大[21]; 固相萃取小柱成本较高, 且不可二次回收利用, 过程复杂, 容易导致目标物流失[22]。本研究使用改进的固相萃取前处理技术和同位素内标法相结合来降低基质效应影响, 同时, 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对2021、2022、2024年度内蒙古12(盟)市共计610批鸡肉和禽蛋中的6种常见喹诺酮类兽药残留情况进行检测, 分析喹诺酮检出在全区分布特征, 并采用食品风险商(FHQ)进行膳食暴露风险评估, 以期为指导居民合理膳食、建设内蒙古肉类和蛋类产品品牌提供准确数据。
G6460A超高效液相色谱串联质谱仪、Agilent valueLab filter Nylon滤膜(0.2 µm)、Agilent-ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) (美国安捷伦科技公司); KQ3200DE超声震荡器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司); 3K30台式冷冻离心机(美国Sigma公司); Fotector Plus全自动固相萃取仪、AutoEVA-60全自动平行浓缩仪(美国睿科公司); Cleanert PWAX混合型弱阴离子交换柱(6 mL, 200 mg, 中国艾杰尔公司); 。
乙腈(德国默克公司); 甲酸铵(美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司); 诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星、洛美沙星标准物质、氧氟沙星-d3、环丙沙星-d8、诺氟沙星-d5、洛美沙星-d5、培氟沙星-d5、恩诺沙星-d5内标标准物质(纯度≥99%, 中国曼哈格生物科技有限公司 )。
色谱柱: Agilent-ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), 进样量: 2 μL, 流速: 0.2 mL/min, 流动相A: 0.1%甲酸水, B相: 0.1%甲酸乙睛。梯度洗脱程序: 0~5 min, A为90%; 6 min, A为70%; 9 min, A为50%; 9.5~10.5 min, A为0%; 11~12 min, A为90%。质谱条件 : 干燥气300 ℃, 干燥气流量5 L/min, 鞘气温度300 ℃, 鞘气流量10 L/min, 毛细管电压3500 V, 多反应监测。质谱参数见表1
来源: 2021、2022、2024年内蒙古自治区12个(盟)市随机采当地生产与市售流通环节的禽蛋(鸡蛋、鸭蛋、鹅蛋)和鸡肉。
试样制备: 取切成小块的鸡肉或去壳的禽蛋, 高速匀浆后均匀混合, 密封保存在50 mL离心管冷冻-18 ℃保存。
固相萃取技术对样品进行处理: 称取均质试样2 g(精确到0.01 g)禽蛋或鸡肉, 置于50 mL聚丙烯离心管中, 加入10 μL 1 μg/mL同位素混合内标溶液, 用10 mL 2%甲酸-乙腈溶液提取, 2000 r/min旋涡混合2 min, 超声提取15 min, (注: 禽蛋样品需加入5 mL乙腈并充分混匀, 在室温沉淀蛋白完全), 10000 r/min离心低温5 min后取上清液, 用快速滤纸过滤, 加水至50 mL置于全自动固相萃取仪, Cleanert PWAX (150 mg 6 cc)固相萃取柱经6 mL甲醇活化、6 mL水平衡待净化; 提取溶液过柱速度: 2~3 mL/min, 淋洗: 2 mL 5%甲醇水淋洗, 洗脱: 6 mL甲醇洗脱; 氮吹后用1 mL 0.2%甲酸充分溶解后, 过0.2 μm滤膜测定。
目标化合物采用内标法进行定量分析, 在1~ 100 μg/L线性范围内诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星和洛美沙星的相关系数r≥0.999; 以信噪比S/N=3确定方法检出限(limit of detection, LOD) (LOD=0.15~0.30 μg/kg), 以信噪比S/N=10确定方法定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ) (LOQ=0.5~1.0 μg/kg); 检测过程中按照每组20~30个样品添加1个程序空白, 用以监控过程中的背景值, 样品分析时扣除过程空白值; 每组样品10个添加1个平行及1个加标, 两次独立测定结果的绝对差值小于算术平均值的20%, 表明精密度良好, 用加标回收试验考察方法的准确度, 空白基质样品诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星和洛美沙星加标质量浓度分别为1、5、10 μg/L, 加标回收率74.4%~115.6%, 所有加标样品目标物的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为4.2%~8.4% (n=6)。
各人群6种喹诺酮类抗生素膳食暴露量和危害商数, 计算公式如(1)~(2)所示。
膳食暴露量FEDI=FC×FIR/FBW
危害商数FHQ=FEDI/FRfD
式中: FEDI为每日高氯酸盐膳食暴露量, μg/(kg·d); FC为样品喹诺酮的平均浓度, μg/kg; FIR为禽蛋或鸡肉的日均摄入量, g/d; FBW表示体质量, kg; FHQ为食品危害商数, FRfD为总喹诺酮每日最大摄入参考剂量。
采用Excel 2010, SPSS 29.0统计软件分析数据, 对检出喹诺酮样品平行3次测定求平均值。
采用Agilent-ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 (50 mm× 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)进行分离, 取加标质量浓度为50 ng/mL的6种喹诺酮类混合空白基质溶液(同位素混合内标质量浓度10 ng/mL)进行超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定, 各目标物离子流图如图1所示, 各目标物峰形尖锐, 响应高, 保留时间在2.282~2.598 min,可实现对6种喹诺酮的快速测定。
2021年度对全区5个盟市和内蒙古区内(随机)分别采集鸡肉、禽蛋10份样品, 共60份禽蛋和60份鸡肉中6种喹诺酮类药物检测及其检测结果如图2a所示: 禽蛋样品中: 乌兰察布市10份中有2份有检出, 其恩诺沙星检出值分别2.19 μg/kg、1.79 μg/kg, 整体检出率为20%; 兴安盟10份中有1份有检出, 其恩诺沙星检出值为2.73 μg/kg, 整体检出率为10%。鸡肉样品中: 乌兰察布市10份中有1份有检出, 其恩诺沙星检出值为90.40 μg/kg, 整体检出率为10%; 内蒙古(随机)10份中有1份有检出, 其恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星检出值分别为88.10 μg/kg、2.14 μg/kg, 整体检出率为10%; 包头10份中有3份有检出, 其恩诺沙星检出值分别为12.90 μg/kg、1.58 μg/kg, 诺氟沙星检出值为1.58 μg/kg, 整体检出率为30%; 阿拉善10份中有1份有检出, 其恩诺沙星检出值为4.36 μg/kg, 整体检出率为10%; 赤峰10份中有3份有检出, 其恩诺沙星检出值分别为6.45、4.64、5.07 μg/kg, 整体检出率为30%; 兴安盟10份中有1份有检出, 其恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星检出值分别为4.63 μg/kg、1.29 μg/kg, 整体检出率为10%。从检出分布分析得知: 全区5盟市和内蒙古随机区采集的鸡肉基本都有喹诺酮药物检出, 禽蛋中喹诺酮主要分布于乌兰察布市与兴安盟, 其他市未检出。
2022年度对全区6个盟市鸡肉、禽蛋分别10份样品, 共60份鸡蛋和60份鸡肉和首府呼和浩特市禽蛋和鸡肉分别20份, 共计160份样品中6种喹诺酮类药物检测及其监测结果如图2b所示: 禽蛋样品中: 呼和浩特市20份中有1份有检出, 其恩诺沙星检出值为1.62 μg/kg, 整体检出率为5%; 兴安盟10份中有2份有检出, 其恩诺沙星分别为为1.64 μg/kg、1.56 μg/kg, 整体检出率为20%; 巴彦淖尔市10份中有2份有检出, 其恩诺沙星分别为1.38 μg/kg、1.36 μg/kg, 整体检出率为20%; 其他市并未检出6种喹诺酮药物。鸡肉样品中: 赤峰市10份中有2份有检出, 其诺氟沙星检出值分别为1.29 μg/kg、1.93 μg/kg, 整体检出率为20%, 巴彦淖尔市10份中有1份有检出, 其氧氟沙星检出值分别为1.94 μg/kg, 整体检出率为10%, 其余它市并未检出6种喹诺酮药物。从检出分布分析得知: 全区7盟市禽蛋或鸡肉中基本都有喹诺酮药物检出, 禽蛋中喹诺酮主要分布于呼和浩特市、巴彦淖尔市与兴安盟, 鸡肉中喹诺酮主要分布于巴彦淖尔和赤峰。
2024年度对全区12个盟市采集禽蛋分别10份样品, 共120份禽蛋; 乌兰察布市采集23份, 兴安盟采集17份, 阿拉善、呼伦贝尔、锡林郭勒盟未采鸡肉样本, 其余7个盟市分别采集10份, 共计110份鸡肉, 总共计230份样品中6种喹诺酮类药物检测结果如图3所示: 禽蛋: 赤峰有1份检出环丙沙星(4.66 μg/kg), 检出率10% (1/10); 包头1份检出恩诺沙星(14.77 μg/kg), 检出率10% (1/10); 阿拉善1份检出恩诺沙星(1.95 μg/kg)和环丙沙星(1.17 μg/kg), 检出率10%(1/10); 锡林浩特1份检出环丙沙星(1.14 μg/kg),检出率10%(1/10)。鸡肉: 乌兰察布市有1份检出环丙沙星(1.34 μg/kg)和2份检出诺氟沙星(2.40 μg/kg和3.08 μg/kg), 检出率13% (3/23); 通辽市有3份分别恩诺沙星(12.10、2.25、1.81 μg/kg), 检出率30% (3/10); 巴彦淖尔市1份检出恩诺沙星(15.27 μg/kg)检出率10% (1/10)。鸡肉中喹诺酮主要分布于通辽市、巴彦淖尔市与乌兰察布市; 检出禽蛋中喹诺酮主要分布于包头, 阿拉善, 锡林浩特和赤峰。
GB 31650.1—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中41种兽药最大残留限量》: 禽蛋中恩诺沙星(恩诺与环丙沙星总计)最大限量10 μg/kg, 其余洛美沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、培氟沙星最大限量2 μg/kg, GB 31650—2019《食品安全国家标准 食品中兽药最大残留限量》: 不同部位禽肉中恩诺沙星最大限量在100~300 μg/kg。经3年的数据得出, 部分样品存在超标现象。为了能准确的评估内蒙古地区鸡蛋、鸡肉中喹诺酮类-抗生素膳食暴露风险, 实验结果当未检出样品率≤60%时, 未检出值按照1/2LOD计[23]; 当未检出样品率>60%时, 检出值低于LOD的按照LOD计[24], 本研究中样品未检出样品率>60%, 未检出样品以LOD, 均以0.15 μg/kg计, 采用方差分析对禽蛋和鸡肉中检出喹诺酮药物残留差异进行统计分析, 以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义[25]。根据年龄、体质量、食物摄入量以《中国人群暴露参数手册》[26-28]各年龄段平均质量计和参照《第五次中国总膳食研究》[29]及禽蛋和鸡肉中6种喹诺酮类抗生素含量的检测相关数据见表2表3
本研究过程中主要检出为恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星和氧氟沙星, FRfD以GB 31650.1—2019《食品中兽药最大残留限量》推荐的每日允许摄入量恩诺沙星和环丙沙星0~6.2 μg/(kg·d)、GB 31650.1—2022《食品中41种兽药最大残留限量》推荐的诺氟沙星0~14 μg/(kg·d)、氧氟沙星0~5 μg/(kg·d)最大值之和25.2 μg/(kg·d)计; FC表2中各年龄组检出的平均值计。4个年龄组膳食暴露量和危害商数如表3所示: 2021年不同人群的鸡肉FEDI为0.23~12.39μg/(kg·d) FHQ为0.009~0.492, 禽蛋FEDI为0.09~0.52μg/(kg·d), FHQ为0.004~0.021; 2022年不同人群的鸡肉FEDI为0.01~0.68 μg/(kg·d), FHQ为0.0004~0.027, 禽蛋FEDI为0.09~0.49 μg/(kg·d), FHQ为0.004~0.019; 2024年不同人群的鸡肉FEDI为0.03~1.58 (μg/(kg·d), FHQ为0.001~0.063, 禽蛋FEDI为0.13~0.70 μg/(kg·d), FHQ为0.005~0.028。2~5岁年龄段暴露量和风险处于较高水平, 成人风险性较小。3年数据显示禽蛋和鸡肉中喹诺酮类抗生素的膳食暴露风险整体趋势随年龄增大呈下降趋势, 所有年龄段危害商数均小于1, 说明内蒙古自治区禽蛋、鸡肉中常见的6种喹诺酮类抗生素暴露风险尚可接受。
3年共510份样品中, 禽蛋和鸡肉检出情况如表4所示, 禽蛋中有恩诺沙星检出, 鸡肉中恩诺沙星(1.15包括环丙沙星)、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星检出, 检出率处于较低水平。评估3种检出的喹诺酮的暴露风险见表5。 恩诺沙星膳食暴露风险商FHQ范围: 禽蛋0.017~0.096, 鸡肉0.011~0.598; 其诺氟沙星膳食暴露风险商FHQ范围: 鸡肉0.001~0.055; 氧氟沙星膳食暴露风险商FHQ范围: 鸡肉0.003~0.168, 3种喹诺酮在禽蛋和鸡肉种的总暴露风险商ΣFHQ为0.032~0.917, 均小于1。2~5岁年龄组暴露风险较大, 可适当控制禽蛋和鸡肉的摄入量。
2021年全区6盟市中, 禽蛋检出率为5% (3/60), 鸡肉检出率16.7% (10/60), 总体检出率10.8%; 2022年全区7盟市中, 禽蛋检出率为6.25% (5/80), 鸡肉检出率3.75% (3/80), 总体检出率5.0%; 2024年全区12个盟市中, 禽蛋检出率为3.33% (4/120), 鸡肉检出率6.36% (7/110), 总体检出率4.78%; 近3年来内蒙古地区禽蛋和鸡肉检出率分别保持在3.33%~6.25%和3.75%~16.7%的范围, 总检出率6.27% (32/510)。虽然总检出率较低, 但由于各市采样量的局限性, 实验所得数据以内蒙古自治区平均值计算, 并没有分别研究12个盟市的风险暴露水平, 据2021年鸡肉的检出平均值(3.84 μg/kg)分析, 暴露量和风险性较大, 部分城市(尤其2~5岁年龄段儿童)可能存在一定风险, 建议控制鸡肉的摄入量。2022和2024年各年龄段FHQ均远小于1, 风险性较小。虽全区人群3年的喹诺酮的FHQ均小于1, 510份禽蛋和鸡肉共检出的3种喹诺酮在各年龄组的ΣFHQ也均小于1, 表明的6种喹诺酮类抗生素暴露风险尚可接受, 但在农业农村部第2292号公告规定在食品动物中停止使用洛美沙星、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星4种兽药中[30], 部分样品存在禁药检出的情况, 建议加大市场兽药监管力度, 保障生态环境的安全性。
  • 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024FX34)
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2025年第16卷第7期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250207003
  • 接收时间:2025-02-07
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-07
基金
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024FX34)
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    1.内蒙古自治区中医医院, 呼和浩特 010010
    2.呼和浩特市疾病预防控制中心, 呼和浩特 010010

通讯作者:

* 刘春波(1987—), 男, 硕士, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品药品检测及风险评估。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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