Article(id=1153433693646480217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241223006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734883200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929622327, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929622327, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929622327, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929622327, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433686872679135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929620712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757656380159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1173259152974561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1173259152978756047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=78, endPage=86, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433694263042917, articleId=1153433693646480217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Research on the detection of neonicotinoid pesticides in Musa nana Lour. based on competitive inhibition immunochromatographic technology, columnId=1151895322692776479, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Analysis and Monitoring of Toxic and Harmful Substances in Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a rapid competitive inhibition immunochromatographic detection method for the simultaneous determination of 3 kinds of neonicotinoid pesticides with a high non-compliance rate in Musa nana Lour.. Methods The samples were extracted using a solution composed of 20% methanol, 0.05% Tween, and 0.02 mol/L phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). After centrifugation at 8000 r/min for 5 min, 100 μL of the supernatant was taken and diluted according to specific dilution ratios. Subsequently, 100 μL of the diluted sample solution was added to the sample well (S). The results were read after 8 min reaction period. Results The limits of detection for imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam were 0.050, 0.020 and 0.002 mg/kg, respectively, with corresponding sample dilution factors of 2-fold, no dilution, and 5-fold. Upon evaluation, the relative accuracies were determined to be 96.7%, 98.3% and 100.0%, respectively, which were in agreement with the results obtained by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the detection of these pesticides in Musa nana Lour.. Conclusion This rapid detection method exhibits characteristics such as simplicity in operation, rapidity in detection, and portability of the instrument, rendering it suitable for on-site and rapid screening of pesticide residues in Musa nana Lour..

, correspAuthors=Rui KANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-Yu GUO, Ying WEI, Hong CHANG, Man-Tun GU, Ying ZHOU, Rui KANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433716836786867, articleId=1153433693646480217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=基于竞争抑制免疫层析技术检测香蕉中新烟碱类农药的研究, columnId=1151895322898297380, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立一种同时检测香蕉中3种高不合格率新烟碱类农药的竞争抑制免疫层析快速检测方法。方法 样品通过20%甲醇-0.05%吐温-0.02 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲(phosphate-buffered saline, PBS)溶液提取, 8000 r/min离心5 min, 分别取100 μL上清液按照稀释倍数稀释, 再取稀释后的待测液100 μL于样品孔(S)中, 等待反应时间8 min后判读结果。结果 该方法吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪检出限分别为0.050、0.020、0.002 mg/kg, 样品稀释倍数分别为2倍、不稀释、5倍。经评价, 相对准确度分别为96.7%、98.3%、100.0%, 与液相色谱-质谱法检测香蕉中吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪结果一致。结论 此快速检测方法具有操作简单、检测快速、特异性强、仪器便携、结果可视化等特点, 适合于香蕉中农药残留的现场快速检测。

, correspAuthors=康蕊, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 康蕊(1987—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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郭晓宇(1995—), 女, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

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Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, 2023(4): 61-66., articleTitle=Construction and application of rapid detection technology for pesticide residues in strawberries, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1173278547285258336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, awardId=ZZ-2023019, language=CN, fundingSource=国家市场监管重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全)自主研究课题项目(ZZ-2023019), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1173278547402698849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, awardId=ZZ-2024019, language=CN, fundingSource=国家市场监管重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全)自主研究课题项目(ZZ-2024019), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1173278543275504622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278543283893231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, companyId=1173278543275504622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Haikou 570314, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278543355196404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, companyId=1173278543342613490, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全), 海口 570314)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1173278545452347427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagrams of competitive lateral flow assays for rapid detection, figureFileSmall=GX1DQmjurcehjk6LyULp2g==, figureFileBig=ni2ZQK1gklFNVzCKfe+Uaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278545557205028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=CN, label=图1, caption=竞争型免疫层析快速检测原理图

注: A. 胶体金试纸条结构图; B. 免疫反应层析图; C. 结果判定图。

, figureFileSmall=GX1DQmjurcehjk6LyULp2g==, figureFileBig=ni2ZQK1gklFNVzCKfe+Uaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278545674645541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Influence of different concentrations and volumes of methanol on detection results, figureFileSmall=YQJH77Oe7KWjSbvYCtC4LA==, figureFileBig=JBw8iHkgsrLn8T65AtJjbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278545737560102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=CN, label=图2, caption=甲醇不同浓度体积对检测结果的影响, figureFileSmall=YQJH77Oe7KWjSbvYCtC4LA==, figureFileBig=JBw8iHkgsrLn8T65AtJjbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278545850806314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Influence of layering method on detection results, figureFileSmall=cfo9ws6/jZM7dBdxb46Wag==, figureFileBig=FyNjLZYaQwhUw7BR+WWDlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278545972441134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=CN, label=图3, caption=分层方式对检测结果的影响

注: a. 吡虫啉; b. 噻虫胺; c. 噻虫嗪。

, figureFileSmall=cfo9ws6/jZM7dBdxb46Wag==, figureFileBig=FyNjLZYaQwhUw7BR+WWDlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278546026967090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes in the T/C value during the incubation process, figureFileSmall=VGwiiKJc4s7ZcAe4myhTjA==, figureFileBig=BOCZfi0PHSp8GDPaW2L3CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278546085687350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=CN, label=图4, caption=反应时间中T/C值的变化, figureFileSmall=VGwiiKJc4s7ZcAe4myhTjA==, figureFileBig=BOCZfi0PHSp8GDPaW2L3CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278546152796220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Limit of detection of the method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 浓度/(mg/kg)
0.0002 0.0005 0.0010 0.0020 0.0050 0.0100 0.0200 0.0500 0.1000 0.5000
吡虫啉 - - - + + +
噻虫胺 - - - + + + +
噻虫嗪 - - - + + + + + + +
), ArticleFig(id=1173278546249265214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

方法检出限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 浓度/(mg/kg)
0.0002 0.0005 0.0010 0.0020 0.0050 0.0100 0.0200 0.0500 0.1000 0.5000
吡虫啉 - - - + + +
噻虫胺 - - - + + + +
噻虫嗪 - - - + + + + + + +
), ArticleFig(id=1173278546341539904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of dilution ratio

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 稀释倍数
20倍 10倍 8倍 5倍 2倍 不稀释
吡虫啉 - - - - + +
噻虫胺 - - - - - +
噻虫嗪 - - - + + +
), ArticleFig(id=1173278546404454469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

稀释倍数结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 稀释倍数
20倍 10倍 8倍 5倍 2倍 不稀释
吡虫啉 - - - - + +
噻虫胺 - - - - - +
噻虫嗪 - - - + + +
), ArticleFig(id=1173278546475757639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of cross-reaction experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 吡虫啉快速
检测卡
噻虫胺快速检测卡 噻虫嗪快速检测卡
吡虫啉 + - -
噻虫胺 + - -
噻虫嗪 - - -
噻苯唑 - - -
苯醚甲环唑 - - -
克百威 - - -
-
三唑磷 - - -
丙溴磷 - - -
吡唑醚菌酯 - - -
啶虫脒 - - -
毒死蜱 - - -
多菌灵 - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1173278546555449417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

交叉反应实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 吡虫啉快速
检测卡
噻虫胺快速检测卡 噻虫嗪快速检测卡
吡虫啉 + - -
噻虫胺 + - -
噻虫嗪 - - -
噻苯唑 - - -
苯醚甲环唑 - - -
克百威 - - -
-
三唑磷 - - -
丙溴磷 - - -
吡唑醚菌酯 - - -
啶虫脒 - - -
毒死蜱 - - -
多菌灵 - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1173278546605781069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Calculation table of imidacloprid residue performance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品情况 检测结果 总数
阳性 阴性
阳性 20 0 20
阴性 2 38 40
总数 22 38 60
灵敏度(P+)/% 100
假阴性率(pf-)/% 0
假阳性率(pf+)/% 5
相对准确度/% 96.7
), ArticleFig(id=1173278546681278543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

吡虫啉残留性能计算表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品情况 检测结果 总数
阳性 阴性
阳性 20 0 20
阴性 2 38 40
总数 22 38 60
灵敏度(P+)/% 100
假阴性率(pf-)/% 0
假阳性率(pf+)/% 5
相对准确度/% 96.7
), ArticleFig(id=1173278546760970321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Calculation table of clothianidin residue performance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品情况 检测结果 总数
阳性 阴性
阳性 19 1 20
阴性 0 40 40
总数 19 41 60
灵敏度(P+)/% 95
假阴性率(pf-)/% 5
假阳性率(pf+)/% 0
相对准确度/% 98.3
), ArticleFig(id=1173278546844856406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

噻虫胺残留性能计算表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品情况 检测结果 总数
阳性 阴性
阳性 19 1 20
阴性 0 40 40
总数 19 41 60
灵敏度(P+)/% 95
假阴性率(pf-)/% 5
假阳性率(pf+)/% 0
相对准确度/% 98.3
), ArticleFig(id=1173278546895188056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Calculation table of thiamethoxam residue performance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品情况 检测结果 总数
阳性 阴性
阳性 20 0 20
阴性 0 40 40
总数 20 40 60
灵敏度(P+)/% 100
假阴性率(pf-)/% 0
假阳性率(pf+)/% 0
相对准确度/% 100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1173278546941325402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

噻虫嗪残留性能计算表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品情况 检测结果 总数
阳性 阴性
阳性 20 0 20
阴性 0 40 40
总数 20 40 60
灵敏度(P+)/% 100
假阴性率(pf-)/% 0
假阳性率(pf+)/% 0
相对准确度/% 100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1173278547025211483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison between rapid detection method and laboratory instrument method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 产地 名称 胶体金速测卡 仪器法/(mg/kg)
吡虫啉 噻虫胺 噻虫嗪 吡虫啉 噻虫胺 噻虫嗪
1 海南省 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
2 海南省 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
3 海南省 米蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
4 海南省 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
5 海南省 香蕉 + -
-
-
-
0.057 ND
ND
ND
ND
6 菲律宾 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
7 海南乐东 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
8 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
9 海南海口 红香蕉 + -
-
-
-
0.072 ND
ND
ND
ND
10 海南省 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
0.047 ND ND
ND
11
海南乐东 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
0.015 ND
ND
ND
ND
12 海南澄迈 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
13 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
14 海南乐东 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
15 海南澄迈 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
16 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
17 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
18 海南澄迈 红香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
19 海南省 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
20 海南省 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
21 海南省 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
22 海南澄迈 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
23 海南澄迈 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
24 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND 0.011 ND
ND
25 海南文昌 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
26 海南海口 香蕉 + -
-
-
-
0.051 ND
ND
ND
ND
27 海南文昌 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
28 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
29 海南文昌 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
30 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
), ArticleFig(id=1173278547146846301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433693646480217, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

快速检测方法与实验室仪器法检测结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 产地 名称 胶体金速测卡 仪器法/(mg/kg)
吡虫啉 噻虫胺 噻虫嗪 吡虫啉 噻虫胺 噻虫嗪
1 海南省 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
2 海南省 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
3 海南省 米蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
4 海南省 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
5 海南省 香蕉 + -
-
-
-
0.057 ND
ND
ND
ND
6 菲律宾 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
7 海南乐东 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
8 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
9 海南海口 红香蕉 + -
-
-
-
0.072 ND
ND
ND
ND
10 海南省 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
0.047 ND ND
ND
11
海南乐东 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
0.015 ND
ND
ND
ND
12 海南澄迈 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
13 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
14 海南乐东 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
15 海南澄迈 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
16 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
17 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
18 海南澄迈 红香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
19 海南省 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
20 海南省 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
21 海南省 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
22 海南澄迈 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND ND
ND
23 海南澄迈 芭蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
24 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND 0.011 ND
ND
25 海南文昌 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
26 海南海口 香蕉 + -
-
-
-
0.051 ND
ND
ND
ND
27 海南文昌 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
28 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
29 海南文昌 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
30 海南海口 香蕉 - -
-
-
-
ND ND
ND
ND
ND
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郭晓宇 1, 2 , 韦盈 1, 2 , 常虹 1, 2 , 谷满屯 1, 2 , 周颖 1, 2 , 康蕊 1, 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025,16(7): 78-86
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025, 16(7): 78-86
基于竞争抑制免疫层析技术检测香蕉中新烟碱类农药的研究
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郭晓宇1, 2 , 韦盈1, 2, 常虹1, 2, 谷满屯1, 2, 周颖1, 2, 康蕊1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南省检验检测研究院食品检验检测中心, 海口 570314
  • 2.国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全), 海口 570314
  • 郭晓宇(1995—), 女, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 康蕊(1987—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
Research on the detection of neonicotinoid pesticides in Musa nana Lour. based on competitive inhibition immunochromatographic technology
Xiao-Yu GUO1, 2 , Ying WEI1, 2, Hong CHANG1, 2, Man-Tun GU1, 2, Ying ZHOU1, 2, Rui KANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Food Testing, Hainan Academy of Inspection and Testing, Haikou 570314, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Haikou 570314, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241223006
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目的 建立一种同时检测香蕉中3种高不合格率新烟碱类农药的竞争抑制免疫层析快速检测方法。方法 样品通过20%甲醇-0.05%吐温-0.02 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲(phosphate-buffered saline, PBS)溶液提取, 8000 r/min离心5 min, 分别取100 μL上清液按照稀释倍数稀释, 再取稀释后的待测液100 μL于样品孔(S)中, 等待反应时间8 min后判读结果。结果 该方法吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪检出限分别为0.050、0.020、0.002 mg/kg, 样品稀释倍数分别为2倍、不稀释、5倍。经评价, 相对准确度分别为96.7%、98.3%、100.0%, 与液相色谱-质谱法检测香蕉中吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪结果一致。结论 此快速检测方法具有操作简单、检测快速、特异性强、仪器便携、结果可视化等特点, 适合于香蕉中农药残留的现场快速检测。

免疫层析技术  /  香蕉  /  新烟碱农药  /  快速检测

Objective To establish a rapid competitive inhibition immunochromatographic detection method for the simultaneous determination of 3 kinds of neonicotinoid pesticides with a high non-compliance rate in Musa nana Lour.. Methods The samples were extracted using a solution composed of 20% methanol, 0.05% Tween, and 0.02 mol/L phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). After centrifugation at 8000 r/min for 5 min, 100 μL of the supernatant was taken and diluted according to specific dilution ratios. Subsequently, 100 μL of the diluted sample solution was added to the sample well (S). The results were read after 8 min reaction period. Results The limits of detection for imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam were 0.050, 0.020 and 0.002 mg/kg, respectively, with corresponding sample dilution factors of 2-fold, no dilution, and 5-fold. Upon evaluation, the relative accuracies were determined to be 96.7%, 98.3% and 100.0%, respectively, which were in agreement with the results obtained by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the detection of these pesticides in Musa nana Lour.. Conclusion This rapid detection method exhibits characteristics such as simplicity in operation, rapidity in detection, and portability of the instrument, rendering it suitable for on-site and rapid screening of pesticide residues in Musa nana Lour..

immunochromatography technology  /  Musa nana Lour.  /  neonicotinoid pesticide  /  rapid detection
郭晓宇, 韦盈, 常虹, 谷满屯, 周颖, 康蕊. 基于竞争抑制免疫层析技术检测香蕉中新烟碱类农药的研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (7) : 78 -86 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241223006
Xiao-Yu GUO, Ying WEI, Hong CHANG, Man-Tun GU, Ying ZHOU, Rui KANG. Research on the detection of neonicotinoid pesticides in Musa nana Lour. based on competitive inhibition immunochromatographic technology[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (7) : 78 -86 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241223006
香蕉(Musa nana Lour.)是世界贸易的大宗水果[1], 据联合国粮农组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO)和世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization, WTO)数据分析, 2017—2025年预计年均增长率为2%左右, 2025年香蕉消费量将达到2.36亿t, 远高于其他热带水果[2]。我国种植香蕉的历史已有上千年, 据国家统计局数据显示, 2022年, 我国香蕉种植面积达505万亩, 产量约1177万t, 是世界第二大香蕉生产国和消费国, 仅次于印度[3]。我国主要栽培区域分布在广东、广西、海南、云南、福建和台湾等省(区)[4-5]。“十三五”期间在国家高度重视下, 我国香蕉产业发展取得了较大成就, 为种植业结构优化调整、蕉农增收、出口扩大和热区农业现代化建设作出了重要贡献[6]
香蕉受热带气候环境和种植技术等因素影响, 易受花蓟马、象甲、弄蝶(蕉苞虫)、冠网蝽等虫害的侵袭[7], 农药是主要的防治手段[8], 其中新烟碱类杀虫剂具有高效、广谱、高选择性等特点[9-10], 被广泛的应用到香蕉种植生产过程。然而, 研究发现新烟碱类农药对非靶标生物也产生危害效应[11], 过量摄入可能会对人类健康造成巨大危害, 包括遗传毒性、生殖毒性、免疫毒性、肝毒性等[12-14]。许多国家和组织对新烟碱类农药使用进行了严格限制。2018年欧盟禁止在户外使用吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺3种新烟碱类杀虫剂[15-16], 并在2020年停止新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫啉的登记[17]。2019年美国环境保护署取消了12种新烟碱类农药产品的登记[18]。同年, FAO/WHO农药残留联席会议制定各种新烟碱类杀虫剂每日摄入量为0.01~0.20 mg/kg(按体重计)。我国GB 2763—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》、GB 2763.1—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中2,4-滴丁酸钠盐等112种农药最大残留限量》也对农产品中新烟碱类杀虫剂进行了残留限量要求, 其中规定香蕉中吡虫啉残留限量为0.05 mg/kg, 噻虫胺0.02 mg/kg, 噻虫嗪0.02 mg/kg。尽管如此, 仍有大量文献报道显示在香蕉中检测出了新烟碱类杀虫剂。门雪等[19]对热带水果中33种新烟碱类杀虫剂及杀菌剂进行了筛查, 发现香蕉中杀虫剂吡虫啉检出率为34.9%, 其中2批次超标样品均为新烟碱类农药(吡虫啉和噻虫胺) 。国家市场监督管理总局公开数据显示, 从检出的不合格项目类别看, 在近半年的不合格数据中, 一些不合格项目占抽检不合格样品总量约为, 吡虫啉35%, 噻虫胺30%, 噻虫嗪30%, 同时检出其中两种及以上不合格的概率约为15%。由此可见新烟碱类农药在香蕉中不合格贡献率最高, 其中吡虫啉、噻虫胺和噻虫嗪为主要的不合格项目。
目前, 新烟碱类农药残留的主要检测方法有气相色谱法(gas chromatography, GC)[20]、气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, GC-MS)[21]、液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)[22-23]和液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)[24-31]。这些检测方法虽灵敏度高、检测结果准确且能同时检测多种农药残留, 但存在样品前处理操作复杂、周期长、费用高、对仪器设备和操作人员要求较高等限制因素, 一旦发生食品安全事件, 不适用于现场监督检查。因此, 构建一种快速检测果蔬中新烟碱类农药残留的方法具有一定的现实意义。
目前, 农药残留快速检测方法主要有酶抑制率法、电化学法、表面增强拉曼光谱法、酶联免疫法等。尽管这些方法克服了检测时间长的缺陷, 但在实际检测中各有不足。酶抑制率法主要用于检测有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药, 其中酶易受基质干扰, 准确度不高[32]; 电化学传感器对于具有电活性但电流反应较低的物质(如吡虫啉)采用直接检测法进行检测时, 检测灵敏度较低, 尚不能普遍使用; 表面增强拉曼光谱法设备成本高, 可检测项目少; 酶联免疫法操作烦琐, 检测时间较长[33]。相比之下, 胶体金免疫层析法操作简单、成本低、灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强, 被广泛用于农药残留快速检测领域。因此, 本研究以香蕉中检出风险较高的吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪3种新烟碱类农药为研究对象, 开发胶体金免疫层析检测方法, 并对其灵敏性、准确性、方法一致性等开展验证, 旨在实现对香蕉中多种常见农药残留的现场快速筛查。
本研究主要针对香蕉这一种基质建立一种专用的多农药同时检测的快速检测方法, 用于香蕉中农药残留的现场快速筛查。本方法基于胶体金免疫层析技术, 虽抗原抗体的制备、速测卡制作技术已成熟, 但快速检测依旧存在以下问题: (1)存在单卡单项目的检测限制, 进行农药残留筛查时同一样品需要检测多种农药残留项目, 耗时且成本高; (2)农药残留提取溶剂对不同种农药的提取效率和试纸条显色影响不同, 不能通用; (3)依据GB 2763.1—2024《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》要求, 不同样品基质同一农药或者同一样品基质不同农药国家规定的最大残留限量不同, 胶体金快速检测卡在兼顾多种样品基质时需要优化溶剂提取体积, 设置多种稀释倍数, 满足不同限值检测需求, 检测准确度高度依赖检测人员的操作专业度; (4)目测法无客观的记录依据, 且判读过程易受环境光、视角、人员的主观判断影响, 导致弱阳性样本的误判率较高。基于此, 本研究建立的快速检测方法明确了香蕉需要检测的高风险农药残留项目,可大幅提高问题发生率和检测效率;优化了提取试剂、分层方式、反应时间、确定了检出限和稀释倍数,提高了检测方法的准确性和可靠性;应用智能化判读方式, 有效避免了传统目测法的诸多弊端,显著降低了弱阳性样本的误判率。并对方法的准确性进行了验证评价, 可广泛应用到商超、农贸市场、进出口贸易中香蕉的快速检测,为监管部门提供便捷高效的检测手段,及时发现问题香蕉,保障市民的 “菜篮子” 安全。
香蕉来源于海南省海口市农贸市场、超市。
吡虫啉快速检测卡、噻虫胺快速检测卡、噻虫嗪快速检测卡(广州食源生物科技有限公司); 氯化钠、十二水合磷酸氢二钠、二水合磷酸二氢钠、无水硫酸镁(分析纯, 广州化学试剂厂); 吐温20(分析纯, 德国罗恩公司); 柠檬酸钠二水合物(分析纯, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 柠檬酸二钠盐倍半水合物(分析纯, 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司); N-丙基乙二胺(分析纯, 上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司); 甲酸、甲酸铵(质谱级, 美国ACS恩科化学); 乙腈、甲醇(质谱级, 默克股份两合公司); 吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻苯唑、苯醚甲环唑、克百威、啶虫脒、多菌灵对照品(纯度均大于98%, 德国Dr. Ehrenstorfer公司); 噻虫胺、三唑磷、丙溴磷、吡唑醚菌酯、毒死蜱对照品(质量浓度100 μg/mL, 天津阿尔塔科技有限公司)。实验室用水由Milli-Q超纯水系统制备。
XS204电子天平(精度0.0001 g)、XS205电子天平(精度0.00001 g)(美国梅特勒托利多公司); Xevo TQ-XS三重四级杆液相质谱联用仪(美国沃特世公司); Centrifuge 5804 R离心机(德国艾本德股份公司); Multi Reax涡旋振荡器(德国海道尔夫公司); PERS-P2100便携式三合一多功能快速检测仪(厦门市普识纳米科技有限公司)。
该方法应用了竞争抑制免疫层析原理。快速检测卡内部试纸条由样品垫、金标垫、硝酸纤维素(nitrocellulose, NC)膜、吸水垫和聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride, PVC)板组成[34-35], 各部分依次叠加相连, 如图1A所示。待测样品滴加在样品垫后, 在毛细管力作用下, 样品中的吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪等农药与金标抗体结合形成免疫结合物, 抑制抗体与NC膜检测线(T线)上的吡虫啉-BSA、噻虫胺-BSA、噻虫嗪-BSA耦合物的结合, 从而导致免疫结合物不能在检测线(T线)上聚集, T线处因缺少足够的免疫结合物聚集而显色变浅或不显色。与此同时, 未参与竞争抑制反应的金标抗体则继续向吸水垫方向层析迁移, 最终在质控线(C线)处与预先包被的二抗结合, 形成明显的红色条带。如图1B所示。由于胶体金具有光学性质, 通过观察T线、C线的颜色变化进行结果判定, 如图1C所示。或者将快检测试卡放入快速检测仪中, 测定检测卡上T线、C线的散射光强度, 并比较其大小, 当T/C值<1时, 结果为阳性(+), 反之为阴性(-), 检测不到C线强度时, 为失效。
称取香蕉阴性样品2 g, 分别加入5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%甲醇+0.05%吐温20+0.02 mol/L PBS溶液、100%甲醇溶液4 mL, 剧烈振荡2 min, 8000 r/min离心5 min, 吸取100 μL待测液于快速检测卡进样孔中, 反应8 min, 观察快速检测卡显色情况, 记录结果, 并用快速检测仪测定。每组试验设置3组平行, 确定PBS缓冲液中甲醇的最佳含量。
在确定最佳提取液的基础上, 对样品提取液的分层方式进行优化。称取2 g香蕉阴性样品和质控样品(农药含量为1 mg/kg), 加入4 mL提取液, 剧烈振荡2 min, 分别采用静置10 min和8000 r/min离心5 min 2种方式使样品提取液进行分层, 随后进行测定。
称取2 g香蕉阴性样品质控样品(农药含量为1 mg/kg), 经提取后, 吸取100 μL待测液于快速检测卡进样孔中, 每间隔1 min上机测定一次, 确定最佳反应时间。
称取香蕉样品, 依次加入不同浓度的标准溶液, 使得样品中吡虫啉加标浓度为0.005、0.010、0.020、0.050、0.100、0.500 mg/kg, 噻虫胺浓度为0.002、0.005、0.010、0.020、0.050、0.100、0.500 mg/kg, 噻虫嗪浓度为0.0002、0.0005、0.0010、0.0020、0.0050、0.0100、0.0200、0.0500、0.1000、0.5000 mg/kg。样品经提取后分别吸取100 μL待测液于快速检测卡进样孔中, 待反应后上机测定检测卡T/C值, T/C值<1时对应的最小浓度即为该方法的检出限。
称取香蕉阴性样品, 参考GB 2763—2021中农药最大残留限量限值要求, 对样品进行加标, 使样品中吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪的含量分别为0.05、0.02、0.02 mg/kg。样品经提取离心后, 取上清液用PBS缓冲液依次对其进行稀释, 稀释倍数分别设置为5、8、10、20倍, 上机测定检测卡T/C值, T/C值<1时对应的最小稀释倍数即为各农药稀释倍数。
选取香蕉空白样品36份, 平均分为3组, 每组中分别加入吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪、噻苯唑、苯醚甲环唑、克百威、三唑磷、丙溴磷、吡唑醚菌酯、啶虫脒、毒死蜱、多菌灵有证标准物质进行加标, 使每组每个样品的干扰物浓度分别为2 mg/kg, 使用吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪快速检测卡对各组样品进行交叉反应测试, 以评估方法的特异性。
取香蕉空白基质180份, 参考GB 2763—2021中农药最大残留限量限值要求, 每个农药残留项目设置空白样品、标准限值要求的0.5倍、标准限值要求的1倍3个浓度水平, 每个浓度水平20份进行验证评价, 计算其灵敏度、假阴性率、假阳性率、准确率, 对建立的快速检测方法进行评价分析。
在海口市商超、农贸市场采购香蕉30批次, 涵盖不同产地、不同品种。按照GB 2763—2021附录A中的测定部位要求, 取带皮全果, 用四分法将其分为2份, 一份用于快速检测卡筛查, 一份按照GB 23200.121—2021《食品安全国家标准 植物源性食品中331种农药及其代谢物残留量的测定 液相色谱-质谱联用法》进行测定, 比较快速检测方法与国标实验室仪器法的结果一致性。
快速检测实验平行重复3次。采用WPS表格2023进行数据统计分析和制表, 采用PowerPoint专业增强版2024和Origin 2024进行数据绘图。
甲醇是免疫分析法常用的农药提取助溶剂[36]。通过考察不同浓度体积甲醇对胶体金快速检测卡显色的影响, 选出最优的甲醇浓度, 确保检测结果的准确性。不同浓度体积甲醇T线、C线、T/C值的显色结果见图2。当甲醇浓度体积高于50%时, 快速检测卡T线、C线均不显色, 这是因为层析试纸的NC膜对有机溶剂不耐受[37], 过高的甲醇含量会影响NC膜的脆性和柔性, 使膜变得更脆弱, 导致快速检测卡失效。当甲醇浓度体积低于50%时, T线、C线、T/C值均随着甲醇的含量, 先升高后降低。甲醇浓度体积为20%时, T值、C值、T/C值最大, 此时显色明显、易于结果判读。综合考虑农药的提取效率和金标试纸条的测试效果, 选择20%甲醇+0.05%吐温20+0.02 mol/L PBS溶液为最佳提取液。
样品经提取后, 分别采用静置10 min和8000 r/min离心5 min 2种方式净化分层, 显色结果如图3所示。由图可知, 两种方式下阴性样品和阳性样品测试结果均符合理论预期。然而在测定过程中, 由于样品经过均质处理, 比较细小, 静置组经过长达10 min静止后, 提取液依旧黏稠, 不利于液体移取和免疫层析, 甚至会堵塞样品孔。离心组样品, 上清液含有较少基质, 显色更为明显, 故选择离心处理为最佳方式。
优化反应时间可以确保样品与试纸条上的特异性抗体充分反应和竞争, 同时有助于提高T线、C线显色效果, 从而便于结果的判读和提升检测结果的的准确性。如图4所示, 快速检测仪测定的T/C值随时间变化的结果表明, 1~2 min时, 由于时间较短, 待测物质未层析至NC膜竞争反应区域, T线、C线不显色。3~8 min内, 随着时间的推移, 样品经过NC膜时, 免疫复合物和多余的标记试剂分别被T线和C线捕获。对于阴性样品, T线、C线显色不断变深, T/C值>1; 对于质控样品, T线显色先变深, 后变浅; C线显色逐渐变深, T/C值<1。8 min之后, 样品已与NC膜上的T线和C线充分反应结合, T/C值趋于稳定。考虑时效性和实用性, 确定最佳反应时间为8 min。免疫层析过程中, 阴性样品、质控样品均出现T/C值先升高后降低现象, 这可能是由于样品层析至T线和C线的时间顺序不同, 以及各结合位点特异性反应速率差异所致。
采用阴性样品加标的方式制备一系列不同浓度的样品, 采用上述优化的前处理方法进行测定。结果如表1所示, 香蕉中吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪最小检出浓度分别为0.050、0.020、0.002 mg/kg, 即快速检测方法检出限为0.050、0.020、0.002 mg/kg, 该检出限低于或者等于GB 2763—2021中对香蕉中吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪最大残留限量0.050、0.020、0.02 mg/kg的要求, 能满足检测需求。
经优化, 虽快速检测方法检出限足够灵敏, 可以满足检测需求, 若直接用于快速筛查, 噻虫嗪项目易出现假阳性, 实际应用中需进一步对样品进行稀释。样品在稀释过程中, 容易受到基质效应改变和误差波动影响, 选择合适的稀释倍数, 有利于提高结果的准确性。不同稀释倍数检测结果见表2。结果表明, 样品经提取后, 噻虫胺项目不需要稀释, 吡虫啉、噻虫嗪最佳稀释倍数分别为2倍和5倍。
不同农药交叉反应结果如表3所示。噻虫胺快速检测卡、噻虫嗪快速检测卡对其他农药均呈现阴性, 方法特异性好。吡虫啉快速检测卡对噻虫胺农药呈现阳性, 其他农药呈现阴性, 说明吡虫啉快速检测卡对大部分常用农药特异性较好, 噻虫胺为同类型农药, 存在一定交叉反应[38]。实际样品测定时, 若吡虫啉快速检测卡快速筛查结果为阳性, 说明样品存在吡虫啉、噻虫胺两种农药的一种或两种, 且累计含量超标。建议抽样送实验室进一步定量检测。
3个项目验证评价结果如表4~6所示。其中在吡虫啉项目组的20份标准限值要求的0.5倍样品中被检出2份阳性结果, 其灵敏度为100%、假阳性率为5%, 说明吡虫啉快速检测卡具有足够的灵敏性, 当样品中目标物含量大于标准限值要求的0.5倍且小于1倍时, 存在被检出的概率。噻虫胺项目20个阳性样品中被检出1个阴性样品, 其假阴性率为5%, 说明噻虫胺项目在国家限值处可能存在检不出的情况, 灵敏度需要进一步提高。噻虫嗪项目假阴性率、假阳性率均为0%, 灵敏度、相对准确度均为100%, 表明该方法在限值处检的出、检得准。3个项目均满足灵敏度≥95%(相对准确度分别为96.7%、98.3%、100.0%)、假阴性率≤5%、假阳性率≤15%的要求, 证实了建立的快速检测方法具有一定的可行性。
两种方法对采集的30份香蕉样品进行检测, 结果见表7。实验室仪器法检出吡虫啉5批次, 分别为5号、9号、10号、11号、26号样品, 其中5号、9号、26号样品吡虫啉含量大于最大残留限量0.05 mg/kg, 快检结果显示阳性; 10号、11号吡虫啉含量小于最大残留限量0.05 mg/kg, 快检结果显示阴性。实验室仪器法检出噻虫胺1批次, 含量小于最大残留限量0.02 mg/kg, 快检结果显示阴性。其他样品均为未检出, 快速检测方法结果均为阴性。经比较, 快速检测方法与实验室仪器法检测结果一致。
本研究依托竞争抑制胶体金免疫层析技术, 针对香蕉中风险较高的新烟碱类农药残留, 建立了一种能够同时快速检测3种新烟碱类农药残留的新方法。本研究结果揭示了最佳的前处理条件: 以20%甲醇-0.05%吐温-0.02 mol/L PBS溶液混合作为提取液, 通过8000 r/min离心5min使提取液分层, 反应时间8 min。该方法对吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪的检出限分别为0.050、0.020、0.002 mg/kg, 且样品稀释倍数分别为2倍、无需稀释、5倍, 完全符合食品安全国家标准GB 2763—2021对香蕉中这些农药残留限量的规定。实际样品测试验证了该快速检测方法与实验室仪器法结果的一致性。通过优化前处理和检测条件, 本研究有效降低了基质干扰, 且实现了一个前处理过程同时为3个检测项目提供待测液, 节省了样品用量和试剂耗材成本, 显著提升了检测效率。本研究方法以其操作简便、高准确性和低成本的特点, 非常适合在条件有限的场所如农贸市场和进出口港口等进行大量样本的快速筛查, 为食品安全监管提供坚实的技术支持, 并在实际应用中可展现出巨大潜力和价值。
尽管胶体金免疫层析法在农药残留检测中表现优异, 但研究也发现了其局限性。该方法虽灵敏度高, 但对于极低浓度的农药残留可能仍存在检测限制。未来研究应聚焦于提高检测方法的灵敏度和特异性, 减少假阴性和交叉反应。同时, 考虑将该技术与近红外光谱技术等其他快速检测技术结合, 以提升检测准确性和效率, 并加强该技术在不同食品基质和其他农药残留检测中的应用研究, 以扩大其应用范围, 并探索其在食品安全监管中的新应用模式和方法。
  • 国家市场监管重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全)自主研究课题项目(ZZ-2023019)
  • 国家市场监管重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全)自主研究课题项目(ZZ-2024019)
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2025年第16卷第7期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241223006
  • 接收时间:2024-12-23
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-23
基金
国家市场监管重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全)自主研究课题项目(ZZ-2023019)
国家市场监管重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全)自主研究课题项目(ZZ-2024019)
作者信息
    1.海南省检验检测研究院食品检验检测中心, 海口 570314
    2.国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全), 海口 570314

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* 康蕊(1987—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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