Article(id=1153433692727927624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240919010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726675200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929622108, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929622108, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929622108, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929622108, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433686872679135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929620712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757656380159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1173259152974561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1173259152978756047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=262, endPage=272, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433693159940946, articleId=1153433692727927624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Preparation of chitosan/lignin/ε-polylysine composite film and its preservation effects, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To prepare a multifunctional chitosan-based composite film and improve its application in fruit preservation. Methods A kind of chitosan/lignin/ε-polylysine composite film was fabricated, and its effects on the postharvest preservation of Citrus reticulate ‘Shiyue Ju’ and Vaccinium spp. were also investigated. Results The results showed that although the addition of lignin made the film brown, the good transparency, excellent water resistance and antioxidant property were also observed in the obtained film. Moreover, the results showed that the composite film loaded with 0.2% ε-polylysine exhibited 100% inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coil). The preservation experiment results indicated that, under the optimized film composition conditions (2.0% chitosan, 0.023% lignin, 0.2% ε-polylysine), the chitosan/lignin/ε-polylysine composite film could effectively delay the changes of physical and chemical properties during the fruits storage. After 12 days of storage at room temperature, compared with the blank groups (untreated Citrus reticulate ‘Shiyue Ju’ and Vaccinium spp.), the composite film-treated Citrus reticulate ‘Shiyue Ju’ and Vaccinium spp.’s rot rate decreased by 22.22% and 62.50%, the weight loss rate decreased by 3.22% and 3.67%, as well as the hardness of Citrus reticulate ‘Shiyue Ju’ increased by 35.59% and the hardness of Vaccinium spp. increased by 2.02%, respectively. At the same time, the composite film effectively maintained the content of soluble solids, vitamin C (VC), titratable acid and other nutrients in Citrus reticulate ‘Shiyue Ju’ and Vaccinium spp.. Conclusion The prepared chitosan/lignin/ε-polylysine composite film is expected to replace chemical preservatives in the preservation of oranges and blueberries, providing a reference for the development of novel green preservation materials.

, correspAuthors=Peng WEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Huan DENG, Xi-Wen DENG, Jin-Ling WU, Ling-Qi CHEN, Xiao-Qun WEI, Xin DING, Jun-Yong ZHANG, Zhen-Lin XU, Hong WANG, Peng WEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433723472176046, articleId=1153433692727927624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=壳聚糖/木质素/ε-聚赖氨酸复合膜的制备及其保鲜效果研究, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 制备一种多功能壳聚糖基复合膜, 提高复合膜在水果保鲜中的应用价值。方法 本研究通过流延法制备了壳聚糖/木质素/ε-聚赖氨酸复合膜, 并探究其对沙糖橘和蓝莓采后保鲜效果的影响。结果 木质素的添加虽然使膜呈现棕黄色, 但其仍具有良好透明性、且赋予膜优异的耐水性和抗氧化性; 抑菌实验结果表明, 负载0.2% ε-聚赖氨酸的复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli, E. coil)的抑菌率为100%。对沙糖橘和蓝莓的保鲜实验表明, 在优化复合膜组成的条件下(2.0%壳聚糖、0.023%木质素、0.2% ε-聚赖氨酸), 复合膜可有效延缓沙糖橘和蓝莓果实贮藏过程中的物理化学性质变化速率, 在常温贮藏12 d后, 相比于空白组(未经任何处理的果实), 复合膜处理的沙糖橘和蓝莓的腐烂率分别降低了22.22%和62.50%, 失重率减少了3.22%和3.67%, 而硬度提高了35.59%和2.02%。同时, 复合膜可有效维持沙糖橘和蓝莓中可溶性固形物、维生素C (vitamin C, VC)、可滴定酸等营养物质含量。结论 本研究所制备的壳聚糖/木质素/ε-聚赖氨酸复合膜有望替代化学保鲜剂应用在沙糖橘和蓝莓的保鲜中, 为新型绿色保鲜材料的开发提供参考。

, correspAuthors=温棚, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 温棚(1988—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E-mail:
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#邓欢和邓希文为共同第一作者

邓欢(2004—), 女, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:

邓希文(2003—), 女, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:

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邓希文(2003—), 女, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:

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邓希文(2003—), 女, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:

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Coatings (Basel), 2021, 11(5): 512., articleTitle=Effect of chitosan/nano-TiO2 composite coating on the postharvest quality of blueberry fruit, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1173278763258360185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, awardId=32001631, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(32001631), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1173278763325469050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, awardId=S202410564033, language=CN, fundingSource=华南农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202410564033), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1173278758829175069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278758837563678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, companyId=1173278758829175069, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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注: 不同小写字母表示组间有具显著性差异(P<0.05), 图357同。

, figureFileSmall=6CCjj61QrjyqR//q1+5TeQ==, figureFileBig=Wjogg+vYw7rXcN7YMop+fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278762448859501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Inhibition effects of the composite film (a, b) and the MIC and MBC values of ε-PL on E. coli and S. aureus (c), figureFileSmall=wb4wBLYz6X6+mg6+H14t1w==, figureFileBig=l2sU6r9gAFboUPLoTysu4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278762507579758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, language=CN, label=图3, caption=复合膜的抑菌效果(a、b)及ε-PL对E. coliS. aureus的MIC和MBC值(c), figureFileSmall=wb4wBLYz6X6+mg6+H14t1w==, figureFileBig=l2sU6r9gAFboUPLoTysu4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278762562105711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Rotting situation of Citrus reticulate ‘Shiyue Ju’ treated with different composite films, figureFileSmall=CVhIrOvxFR7Vfs5ETnmh+w==, figureFileBig=rA8qotSrt7vyWgHg690V8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278762633408880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同复合膜处理的沙糖橘腐烂情况, figureFileSmall=CVhIrOvxFR7Vfs5ETnmh+w==, figureFileBig=rA8qotSrt7vyWgHg690V8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278762700517745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of different treatments on the weight loss rate (a), titrable acid (b), VC content (c), soluble solid content (d) and hardness (e) of Citrus reticulate ‘Shiyue Ju’, figureFileSmall=EpdpsB32b0AXPVyWVn0U7A==, figureFileBig=WB6QLSoICzy1zgTfAzaQow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278762755043698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同处理对沙糖橘的影响失重率(a)、可滴定酸(b)、VC含量(c)、可溶性固形物含量(d)和硬度(e)的影响, figureFileSmall=EpdpsB32b0AXPVyWVn0U7A==, figureFileBig=WB6QLSoICzy1zgTfAzaQow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278762809569651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of different treatments on the rot rates of Vaccinium spp., figureFileSmall=8IKFPgZUCaKQFZJKEIaNlA==, figureFileBig=CjNoORq+7XDx4E4leAx6Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278762868289908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同复合膜处理的蓝莓的腐烂情况, figureFileSmall=8IKFPgZUCaKQFZJKEIaNlA==, figureFileBig=CjNoORq+7XDx4E4leAx6Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278762922815861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of different treatments on the weight loss rate (a), titrable acid (b), VC content (c), soluble solids content (d) and hardness (e) of Vaccinium spp., figureFileSmall=1gs0XxUCkSdurVCA8QySDQ==, figureFileBig=EmWEKAWMu+78Wtbgmvw0Ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278762989924726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同处理对蓝莓失重率(a)、可滴定酸(b)、VC含量(c)、可溶性固形物含量(d)和硬度(e)的影响, figureFileSmall=1gs0XxUCkSdurVCA8QySDQ==, figureFileBig=EmWEKAWMu+78Wtbgmvw0Ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278763048644983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Color and appearance of composite film

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 a b L E 外观图
CS -0.420±0.035b 0.477±0.939b 88.470±0.318a 7.989±0.576b
CS/BL 5.293±0.909a 16.550±2.029a 74.047±2.084b 29.201±3.058a
CS/ε-PL -0.450±0.040b -0.517±0.315b 88.707±0.102a 7.491±0.128b
CS/BL/ε-PL-1 5.790±0.679a 18.853±1.444a 73.183±1.427b 31.457±2.116a
CS/BL/ε-PL-2 5.977±0.775a 18.573±1.887a 72.670±2.036b 31.652±2.789a
CS/BL/ε-PL-3 6.140±0.357a 18.677±1.059a 72.053±0.774b 32.202±1.316a
), ArticleFig(id=1173278763119948152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433692727927624, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

复合膜的颜色与外观

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 a b L E 外观图
CS -0.420±0.035b 0.477±0.939b 88.470±0.318a 7.989±0.576b
CS/BL 5.293±0.909a 16.550±2.029a 74.047±2.084b 29.201±3.058a
CS/ε-PL -0.450±0.040b -0.517±0.315b 88.707±0.102a 7.491±0.128b
CS/BL/ε-PL-1 5.790±0.679a 18.853±1.444a 73.183±1.427b 31.457±2.116a
CS/BL/ε-PL-2 5.977±0.775a 18.573±1.887a 72.670±2.036b 31.652±2.789a
CS/BL/ε-PL-3 6.140±0.357a 18.677±1.059a 72.053±0.774b 32.202±1.316a
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壳聚糖/木质素/ε-聚赖氨酸复合膜的制备及其保鲜效果研究
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邓欢 1, 2, # , 邓希文 1, # , 吴金玲 1 , 陈玲琪 1 , 韦晓群 1 , 丁心 3 , 张军勇 3 , 徐振林 1 , 王弘 1 , 温棚 1, 4, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(7): 262-272
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(7): 262-272
壳聚糖/木质素/ε-聚赖氨酸复合膜的制备及其保鲜效果研究
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邓欢1, 2, # , 邓希文1, # , 吴金玲1, 陈玲琪1, 韦晓群1, 丁心3, 张军勇3, 徐振林1, 王弘1, 温棚1, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1.广东省食品质量安全重点实验室, 华南农业大学食品学院, 广州 510642
  • 2.华南农业大学广州都柏林国际生命科学与技术学院, 广州 510642
  • 3.广东中兴绿丰发展有限公司, 河源 517000
  • 4.岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室河源分中心, 河源 517000
  • 邓欢(2004—), 女, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:

    邓希文(2003—), 女, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 温棚(1988—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E-mail:
Preparation of chitosan/lignin/ε-polylysine composite film and its preservation effects
Huan DENG1, 2 , Xi-Wen DENG1 , Jin-Ling WU1, Ling-Qi CHEN1, Xiao-Qun WEI1, Xin DING3, Jun-Yong ZHANG3, Zhen-Lin XU1, Hong WANG1, Peng WEN1, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
  • 2. Guangzhou Dublin International College of Life Sciences and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
  • 3. Guangdong Zhongxing Lufeng Development Co., Ltd., Heyuan 517000, China
  • 4. Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Province Laboratory Heyuan Sub-center, Heyuan 517000, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240919010
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目的 制备一种多功能壳聚糖基复合膜, 提高复合膜在水果保鲜中的应用价值。方法 本研究通过流延法制备了壳聚糖/木质素/ε-聚赖氨酸复合膜, 并探究其对沙糖橘和蓝莓采后保鲜效果的影响。结果 木质素的添加虽然使膜呈现棕黄色, 但其仍具有良好透明性、且赋予膜优异的耐水性和抗氧化性; 抑菌实验结果表明, 负载0.2% ε-聚赖氨酸的复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli, E. coil)的抑菌率为100%。对沙糖橘和蓝莓的保鲜实验表明, 在优化复合膜组成的条件下(2.0%壳聚糖、0.023%木质素、0.2% ε-聚赖氨酸), 复合膜可有效延缓沙糖橘和蓝莓果实贮藏过程中的物理化学性质变化速率, 在常温贮藏12 d后, 相比于空白组(未经任何处理的果实), 复合膜处理的沙糖橘和蓝莓的腐烂率分别降低了22.22%和62.50%, 失重率减少了3.22%和3.67%, 而硬度提高了35.59%和2.02%。同时, 复合膜可有效维持沙糖橘和蓝莓中可溶性固形物、维生素C (vitamin C, VC)、可滴定酸等营养物质含量。结论 本研究所制备的壳聚糖/木质素/ε-聚赖氨酸复合膜有望替代化学保鲜剂应用在沙糖橘和蓝莓的保鲜中, 为新型绿色保鲜材料的开发提供参考。

保鲜  /  ε-聚赖氨酸  /  木质素  /  壳聚糖  /  沙糖橘  /  蓝莓

Objective To prepare a multifunctional chitosan-based composite film and improve its application in fruit preservation. Methods A kind of chitosan/lignin/ε-polylysine composite film was fabricated, and its effects on the postharvest preservation of Citrus reticulate ‘Shiyue Ju’ and Vaccinium spp. were also investigated. Results The results showed that although the addition of lignin made the film brown, the good transparency, excellent water resistance and antioxidant property were also observed in the obtained film. Moreover, the results showed that the composite film loaded with 0.2% ε-polylysine exhibited 100% inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coil). The preservation experiment results indicated that, under the optimized film composition conditions (2.0% chitosan, 0.023% lignin, 0.2% ε-polylysine), the chitosan/lignin/ε-polylysine composite film could effectively delay the changes of physical and chemical properties during the fruits storage. After 12 days of storage at room temperature, compared with the blank groups (untreated Citrus reticulate ‘Shiyue Ju’ and Vaccinium spp.), the composite film-treated Citrus reticulate ‘Shiyue Ju’ and Vaccinium spp.’s rot rate decreased by 22.22% and 62.50%, the weight loss rate decreased by 3.22% and 3.67%, as well as the hardness of Citrus reticulate ‘Shiyue Ju’ increased by 35.59% and the hardness of Vaccinium spp. increased by 2.02%, respectively. At the same time, the composite film effectively maintained the content of soluble solids, vitamin C (VC), titratable acid and other nutrients in Citrus reticulate ‘Shiyue Ju’ and Vaccinium spp.. Conclusion The prepared chitosan/lignin/ε-polylysine composite film is expected to replace chemical preservatives in the preservation of oranges and blueberries, providing a reference for the development of novel green preservation materials.

preservation  /  ε-polylysin  /  lignin  /  chitosan  /  Citrus reticulate ‘Shiyue Ju’  /  Vaccinium spp.
邓欢, 邓希文, 吴金玲, 陈玲琪, 韦晓群, 丁心, 张军勇, 徐振林, 王弘, 温棚. 壳聚糖/木质素/ε-聚赖氨酸复合膜的制备及其保鲜效果研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (7) : 262 -272 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240919010
Huan DENG, Xi-Wen DENG, Jin-Ling WU, Ling-Qi CHEN, Xiao-Qun WEI, Xin DING, Jun-Yong ZHANG, Zhen-Lin XU, Hong WANG, Peng WEN. Preparation of chitosan/lignin/ε-polylysine composite film and its preservation effects[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (7) : 262 -272 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240919010
随着人们生活水平及健康意识的提高, 人们对水果的需求量大幅上涨, 水果产业已在我国国民经济中占重要地位[1], 但在水果的贮藏运输过程中, 因果实自身的生理代谢活动及外界微生物侵染导致其易出现皱缩、腐烂等现象, 既对消费者的健康造成威胁, 更严重影响其商业价值。如2021年, 我国水果产量的首位—柑橘, 年产量达5.6×103万t, 但因采后处理不当所致的腐烂损耗达20%[2]; 以及2022年我国蓝莓市场规模达296.47亿元[3]。近年来, 为了保持新鲜果蔬的贮藏质量和延长保质期, 应用了多种保鲜技术, 包括化学处理(氯化钙、1-甲基环丙烯、水杨酸等)、物理方法(低温调节、气调储存、紫外线等)和生物技术(如基因工程技术)[4]。如LANGER等[5]使用1-甲基环丙烯处理草莓以延长草莓的软化; MARTÍNEZ-CAMACHO等[6]将壳聚糖和水杨酸混合液喷洒于黑莓表面以延长黑莓保质期; TERAO等[7]通过紫外辐射和热水处理抑制了甜瓜中镰刀菌的生长, 以此延缓了果实腐烂; 以及SHI等[8]将乳酸/纳米纤维素/蛋白质生物抗菌复合膜作用于香蕉和樱桃番茄, 20 ℃下将水果保质期延长6 d以上。化学处理会因化学残留引发食品安全问题而物理保存技术虽然环保无残留但耗能高、成本高[9]。相比之下, 多糖基涂膜保鲜材料因保鲜效果优良、成本低、安全等, 是目前果蔬保鲜的研究热点[10]
涂膜保鲜是利用天然无毒的材料制备出涂膜液后浸涂于水果表面, 待风干后提供一个半封闭环境, 即形成复合膜。该膜能够隔绝外界氧气、减少水分散失, 以降低果蔬呼吸速率和营养物质消耗[11]; 同时, 通过添加一些抗氧化、抑菌的功能化合物, 可有效减少微生物侵染和氧化褐变, 从而达到保鲜目的。壳聚糖(chitosan, CS), 自然界中唯一的阳离子多糖[12], 因其优异成膜性和安全性, 是可食性膜基材的研究热点。但单一的壳聚糖膜存在阻隔性差、机械性能不足、抗菌性有限及抗氧化活性差等缺点[13], 严重制约其应用。木质素(bagasse lignin, BL)是一种具有高度复杂结构的生物大分子, 丰富的官能团赋予其特殊的生物活性, 如酚羟基具有优异的抗氧化、抗菌和抗紫外线功能[14]ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-polylysine, ε-PL)是一种天然存在的阳离子多肽, 可以抑制食品中微生物的生长, 常用于食品保存[15-16], 将ε-PL与其他保鲜剂、抗菌剂等联合使用后, 能协同增强其保鲜功效。当前复合涂膜多以壳聚糖为基础并添加植物精油、聚赖氨酸等抗菌物质进行水果保鲜。如CHÁFER等[17]将含精油(佛手柑、百里香和茶树油)的壳聚糖涂层应用于橙子, 抑制了橙子表面微生物的生长; 吴超等[18]使用壳聚糖/山梨酸钾/ε-聚赖氨酸复合膜进行蓝莓保鲜研究。而较少将BL添加至复合膜中进行水果保鲜的研究。本研究以壳聚糖为成膜基材, 添加不同浓度的ε-聚赖氨酸、BL, 探讨不同组成的壳聚糖/木质素/ε-聚赖氨酸复合膜(chitosan/lignin/ε-polylysine, CS/BL/ε-PL)的性能, 以及复合膜对沙糖橘和蓝莓常温贮存的品质影响, 为沙糖橘和蓝莓的保鲜贮藏技术提供新思路。
沙糖橘来自广西省南宁市沙糖橘生产基地; 佳沃蓝莓采自云南省曲靖佳沃蓝莓种植基地。
CS(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); BL(济南圣泉集团); 1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)(上海源叶生物科技有限公司); ε-PL(上海麦克林生化科技有限公司); 大肠杆菌ATCC25922 (Escherichia coli, E. coil)、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923 (Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus)(上海保藏生物技术中心)。
DF-101S水浴锅(上海力辰邦西仪器科技有限公司); Nanodrop 2000C超微量分光光度计(德国赛默飞世尔科技公司); PL203精密电子天平(德国Mettler Toledo公司); MS-H-ProA磁力搅拌器(大龙兴创实验仪器股份公司); Hitachi-S-37000N扫描电子显微镜(德国卡尔蔡司公司); TA.XT.Plus质构仪(英国Stable Micro System公司); 阿贝折光仪(东莞三量量具有限公司); WSC-2B便携式精密色差仪(上海海物光仪器有限公司)。
(1) CS膜的制备
称取1.80 g CS溶解于90 mL的乙酸水溶液中(1%, V:V), 充分溶解得到CS涂膜液。将上述制备好的涂膜液均匀流延在玻璃皿上, 放入45 ℃干燥箱干燥15 h后, 得到CS膜。
(2) CS/BL膜的制备
首先将50 mg BL溶解于10 mL无水乙醇中充分溶解, 然后向其中缓慢加入40 mL蒸馏水, 最终得到质量浓度为1 mg/mL的BL溶液。然后, 取20.0 mL上述CS涂膜液与6.0 mL BL溶液混合, 搅拌均匀即得CS/BL涂膜液。最后, 参考1.3.1(1)的干燥方法, 得到CS/BL膜。
(3) CS/ε-PL膜的制备
称取20.00 mg ε-PL粉末添加到20 mL CS涂膜液中, 充分溶解得CS/ε-PL涂膜液。同理, 参考1.3.1(1)的干燥方法, 得到CS/ε-PL膜。
(4) CS/BL/ε-PL膜的制备
将20.0 mL CS溶液和6.0 mL BL溶液均匀混合, 得到CS/BL溶液; 分别制备3份CS/BL溶液, 向其中分别加入6.50、26.00、52.00 mg的ε-PL粉末, 得到ε-PL质量浓度为0.25、1.00和2.00 mg/mL的CS/BL/ε-PL涂膜液。同理, 参考1.3.1(1)的干燥方法, 得到CS/BL/ε-PL系列复合膜, 分别标记为CS/BL/ε-PL-1, CS/BL/ε-PL-2, CS/BL/ε-PL-3。
(1)扫描电镜测试
参考FU等[19]的方法, 分别对上述制备的复合膜进行喷金处理, 并用导电胶将其粘在扫描电镜的样品台上, 用场发射扫描电子显微镜对复合膜的形态进行了表征测试, 加速电压为3 kV。
(2)抗氧化活性测试
参考ROY等[20]的方法并作调整测定DPPH自由基清除率。首先制备0.04 mg/mL的DPPH乙醇溶液, 避光贮存。将50.00 mg的复合膜加入5.0 mL乙酸水溶液(1%, V:V)中, 溶解, 浸泡24 h。接着, 室温下取1.0 mL浸泡液与2.0 mL DPPH溶液混合, 避光贮存30 min后用紫外分光光度计测517 nm处的吸光值。以无水乙醇作空白对照, 每组3个平行。最后按照公式(1)计算复合涂膜液的DPPH自由基清除能力:
DPPH自由基清除能力/%=$\frac{{{A}_{m}}-({{A}_{n}}-{{A}_{i}})}{{{A}_{m}}}$×100%
式中: Am为乙醇和DPPH乙醇溶液在517 nm的吸光值; An为样品溶液和DPPH-乙醇溶液在517 nm的吸光值; Ai为乙醇和样品溶液在517 nm的吸光值。
(3)抗菌活性测试
本研究通过观察大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长状态测评不同复合膜的抗菌性能。首先将菌种活化, 挑取生长状态良好的单菌落进行传代培养。采用摇菌法, 取复合膜0.50 g经紫外线照射消毒后, 加入10.0 mL菌悬液(1.0×106 CFU/mL)中, 置于37 ℃恒温摇床中150 r/min摇菌6 h。取样稀释涂布于琼脂平板, 放入37 ℃恒温箱倒置培养, 培养12 h后观察细菌生长情况。以不含复合膜的菌悬液作为空白对照。
(4) ε-PL最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度的测定
E. coliS. aureus为测试菌。在试管中两倍连续稀释, 直至ε-PL的最终浓度范围为2000~31.25 μg/mL, 同时进行空白实验。最后将浓度为105~106 CFU/mL的菌悬液接种到试管中, 于37 ℃下培养24 h后使用酶标仪测量OD600, 一般认为OD600<0.1所对应抗菌剂的浓度即为最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)。从澄清的试管中取出0.1 mL在固体培养基上涂布, 37 ℃下培养24 h, 观察完全无菌落生长所对应的ε-PL浓度即为小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC)。
(5)颜色测试
参考ZHANG等[21], 使用全自动色度计测量薄膜的颜色, 其中L表示亮/暗, a表示红/绿, b表示黄/蓝。用标准白板对全自动色度计校准(L*=96.03, a*=0.13, b*=-1.96)。根据公式(2)计算出总色差ΔE:
ΔE=$\sqrt{{{(\Delta {{L}^{*}})}^{2}}+{{(\Delta {{a}^{*}})}^{2}}+{{(\Delta {{b}^{*}})}^{2}}}$
式中: ∆L*=L-L*, ∆a=a-a*, ∆b*=b-b*; L, a, b为色差仪测得的实际数据。
(6)含水率和溶胀系数测试
精确称重复合膜, 放入烘箱于105 ℃条件下干燥至恒重, 然后将其用蒸馏水在室温下充分浸泡24 h, 取出再次放入烘箱于105 ℃条件下干燥至恒重, 按公式(3)计算复合膜的含水率。另外, 将复合膜放入37 ℃烘箱, 烘干至恒重, 称重得Wa, 然后置于37 ℃纯水中, 恒温溶胀12 h, 最后用滤纸吸去膜表面水分, 称重得Wb, 溶胀系数由公式(4)计算:
含水率/%=$\frac{{{W}_{\text{o}}}-{{\text{W}}_{\text{d}}}}{{{W}_{\text{o}}}}$×100%
溶胀系数/%=$\frac{{{W}_{\text{b}}}-{{\text{W}}_{\text{a}}}}{{{W}_{\text{a}}}}$×100%
式中: Wo为膜的质量, g; Wd为膜干燥后的质量, g; Wa为初始样品的重量, g; Wb为溶胀后的样品的重量, g。
挑选中等大小、无破损、无病虫害的新鲜沙糖橘、蓝莓作为实验原料, 将表面灰尘水渍擦去, 分别将其浸入到CS、CS/BL、CS/ε-PL、CS/BL/ε-PL-1、CS/BL/ε-PL-2、CS/BL/ε-PL-3涂膜液中约1 min, 在自然状态下风干后保存于食品级pp塑料盒中。以未作任何处理的空白(CK)组作对照, 将其置于常温下储藏, 并分别于第0、2、4、6、8、10、12 d取样一次, 进行指标测定。
(1)腐烂率的测定
果实表皮可见的任何霉菌、病斑或者果皮软化, 则视其为腐烂。水果的腐烂率按照公式(5)计算:
$\text { 腐败率 } /\%=\frac{M_{1}}{M_{\text {总 }}} \times 100 \%$
式中: M1为腐烂的水果数; M为该组实验果实总果数。
(2)失重率的测定
使用分析天平测量重量, 失重率为与开始新鲜果实重量相比损失的百分值, 分别测量贮藏第0、2、4、6、8、10、12 d的果实的重量。失重率按照公式(6)计算:
失重率/%=$\frac{{{m}_{\text{o}}}-{{m}_{d}}}{{{m}_{\text{o}}}}$×100%
式中: m0为贮存前果实的质量, g; md为贮存第d天果实的质量, g。
(3)可溶性固形物的测定
将贮藏第0、2、4、6、8、10、12 d的果实去皮榨汁, 然后用纱布过滤。在室温下使用阿贝折光仪测量果汁中可溶性固形物含量。
(4)硬度的测定
参考DAS等[22], 在果实赤道部位均匀取3点, 使用质构仪3 mm(直径)探头测定果实贮藏第0、2、4、6、8、10、12 d的硬度。三点测得值求平均即为果实硬度。
(5)可滴定酸的测定
可滴定酸按照如下方法测定: 取5.00 g沙糖橘果浆, 加蒸馏水10.0 mL, 用氢氧化钠标准溶液滴定至pH=8.2, 即为滴定终点, 记录消耗的氢氧化钠标准溶液体积, 测定蓝莓可滴定酸重复以上操作。通过公式(7)可计算得出样品酸含量X:
X/%=$\frac{V\times C\times K}{W}$×100%
式中: V为消耗的氢氧化钠标准溶液的体积, mL; C为氢氧化钠标准溶液的浓度, mol/L; W为果汁的重量, g; K为换算系数, 取柠檬酸的折算系数0.064。
(6)维生素C含量的测定
首先, 对维生素C (vitamin C, VC)标准溶液进行滴定, 取0.02 mg/mL VC标准溶液10.0 mL于锥形瓶中, 加入0.5%淀粉溶液1.0 mL, 用0.1 mol/L碘液滴定至淡蓝色, 并保持30 s不褪色。每组重复3次, 记录所耗碘液的平均体积, 记为V1。然后进行样品溶液的滴定: 取样品上清液10.0 mL于锥形瓶中, 加入淀粉溶液1.0 mL, 滴定方法同上, 所耗碘液的平均体积记为V2。最后通过公式(8)计算得出:
VC含量/(mg/100 g样品)= $\frac{{{V}_{2}}}{{{V}_{1}}}$
式中: V1为滴定VC标准溶液消耗的碘液体积, mL; V2为滴定样品溶液消耗的碘液体积, mL。
采用IBM SPSS Statistics 26软件进行数据处理, ANOVA检验采用邓肯多重比较进行显著性分析, P<0.05表示组间差异显著。采用Origin 2021软件绘图, 所有实验均重复3次。
BL自身含有的发色基团会导致薄膜呈现较深的颜色, 进而影响复合膜的实际应用, 因此, 对不同膜表面的色度值进行了定量分析, 其中L表示膜的亮度, a表示膜的红绿色, b表示膜的黄蓝色, ∆E表示色差值, 如表1所示, 与CS膜相比, 添加了BL的复合膜L从88.470减少至74.047, 表明复合膜的明亮度降低。而复合膜的ab明显升高, 其中, a增加说明复合膜红色调加深, b增加说明复合膜黄色调加深, 这是因为BL结构中含有大量苯环、酮基、酚羟基等, 这些基团赋予BL棕色的特性。此外, 随着复合膜中ε-PL浓度的增加, 薄膜Lab和∆E均无显著性变化(P>0.05), 这是因为ε-PL本身无色, 因此不同浓度ε-PL对薄膜的颜色基本没有影响。综合来看, 本研究所制备的CS/BL/ε-PL系列膜均可以较好地展现食品外观。
扫描电子显微镜可反映复合膜的完整度、光滑度。如图1所示, CS和CS/BL膜均具有光滑平整的表面, 表明二者具有良好的生物相容性; 而添加了ε-PL后, CS/ε-PL和CS/BL/ε-PL复合膜的表面变得粗糙。这可能是ε-PL在一定程度上破坏了壳聚糖分子之间的有序排列, 使得膜的均匀性下降, 这与膜的溶胀系数结果分析相吻合。YONG等[23]在制备单宁酸/ε-PL复合膜过程中发现, ε-PL会削弱膜结构的完整性, 使得膜出现颗粒感。
复合膜溶胀系数是评价复合膜耐水性的重要指标[24]。由图2(a)看出CS/BL的溶胀系数最低为22.48, CS/ε-PL最高为37.17, 且添加了BL的涂膜与未添加BL的组存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。这是由于ε-PL具有较强的吸湿性, 是一种有利于水分子传递的亲水材料[25], 导致复合膜的溶胀系数增大。而BL是一种天然高分子聚合物, 在纳米化后仍具有较为致密的分子结构, 这使得CS分子更为分散, 则水分子就不会在膜内聚集而导致溶胀, 以及BL是多环芳香族的, 由于这种结构, 它能降低亲水材料的润湿性[26], 故可降低溶胀系数。因此在CS/ε-PL的膜中添加一定量的BL能够有效降低膜的溶胀系数, 即膜中各成分相互作用使得膜的耐水性能更加稳定。
抗氧化性是评价保鲜膜优劣的一项重要指标, DPPH自由基清除率越高越能体现膜优良的抗氧化性。如图2(b), CS和CS/ε-PL为样品组清除率较低, 其余组高达74%。且添加BL的组与未添加BL的组存在显著差异(P<0.05), 表明BL可以大大增强复合膜的抗氧化性。同样地, MAKRI等[27]在研究纳米BL对生物基(乳酸)复合膜性能的影响中发现复合膜表现出的抗氧化性随纳米BL的浓度增加而增加。因此, 所制备的CS/BL/ε-PL系列复合膜具有优异的抗氧化活性。
通过菌落生长情况反映不同膜的抑菌效果, 相同时间内, 菌落数越少表明抑菌效果越好[图3(a)]。由图3(b)可知, CS对E. coliS. aureus的抑菌率分别为21.68%、13.53%; 而CS/BL对E. coliS. aureus的抑菌率分别为22.35%、25.45%。这是因为BL结构中的酚羟基降低了细菌细胞膜周围的pH, 以致细胞破裂, 细菌死亡[28]。所制备的CS/BL-PL系列复合膜抑菌率均为100%, 这是由于ε-PL对E. coliS. aureus的MIC和MBC值均为0.125 mg/mL和0.25 mg/mL[图3(c)], 而复合涂膜中ε-PL的质量浓度均高于0.25 mg/mL。因此, 所制备的CS/BL/ε-PL复合膜具有优异的抗菌性能。
在贮藏过程中, 受腐败微生物影响沙糖橘易出现发霉腐烂, 影响其品质。从图4可看出, CK组个别沙糖橘在第6 d时已出现腐烂、长霉的迹象, CS、CS/ε-PL、CS/BL组的部分果实在第8 d后陆续出现发软的现象, 而CS/BL/ε-PL处理的沙糖橘的外表仍保持光滑完整; 到12 d时, CK、CS组超过50%的果实明显软烂, CS/BL/ε-PL仅个别出现软烂的现象, 其中CS/BL/ε-PL-3处理的沙糖橘的腐烂率相比于CK组降低了22.22%。肖媛[29]研究发现, 随ε-PL浓度升高, 其对柑橘酸腐菌生长的抑制能力逐渐增强, 从而降低贮藏期柑橘的腐败率。综上, CS/BL/ε-PL在缓解沙糖橘腐烂发挥了重要作用, 能够有效保持沙糖橘贮存期间的外观及其市场价值。
水果失重主要是因为水果自身的蒸腾作用和呼吸作用而失去水分和消耗体内的物质。由图5(a)可知, 在整个贮藏过程中每组沙糖橘的失重率逐渐上升, 但各处理组沙糖橘的失重率始终低于空白组。到第12 d, CK组沙糖橘失重率为14.98%, 而CS/BL/ε-PL-2、CS/BL/ε-PL-3处理的沙糖橘失重率分别为10.44%、11.76%, CS/BL/ε-PL-3处理的沙糖橘失重率相比CK组减少了3.22%。ANJANA等[30]研究了聚乙烯醇-洋葱纳米纤维-纳米姜黄素涂膜在室温下对柑橘的保鲜效果, 发现在储藏的第13 d, 无任何处理的柑橘失重率近20.00%, 而涂膜处理的柑橘失重率为11.10%。综合来看, 涂膜处理均能阻碍水果自身水分与环境交换, 进而保持水分, 延长保质期。
果实中的有机酸即为其可滴定酸, 成熟时含量最高, 后期会逐渐下降, 对水果口感产生一定影响。由图5(b)看出每组沙糖橘随贮藏时间的增加, 有机酸含量逐渐降低, 而复合膜有助于缓解有机酸的损耗。储藏12 d后, CK组沙糖橘可滴定酸含量由0.67%降为0.30%, CS/BL/ε-PL-3处理的沙糖橘可滴定酸含量由0.66%降为0.41%。可滴定酸含量下降主要是因为果实的呼吸作用消耗了有机酸, 而涂膜在一定程度上抑制了水果的呼吸作用从而减缓可滴定酸的流失。
李双健[31]研究发现在25 ℃条件下贮存12 d后, CK组的沙糖橘可滴定酸含量已低于0.40%, 而玉米醇溶蛋白-单宁酸纳米颗粒/壳聚糖复合膜处理的沙糖橘可滴定酸含量约为0.50%。综上, CS/BL/ε-PL-3的复合膜的保鲜效果最优, 其抑制了沙糖橘的呼吸作用, 有效维持了沙糖橘的原有风味。
VC作为一种水溶性维生素, 在贮藏过程中易作为生化反应的底物被消耗[32]。由图5(c)可看出, 贮藏期间沙糖橘的VC含量逐渐降低。这主要是由于复合膜阻碍了沙糖橘与外界的气体交换, 果实呼吸强度降低, 进而有效减缓VC的氧化反应[31]。此外, CS/BL/ε-PL-3能进一步抑制沙糖橘中VC的损失, 在第12 d时沙糖橘的VC含量(11.33 mg/100 g)是CK组(8.46 mg/100 g)的1.3倍。因此, 复合膜可大大延缓沙糖橘中VC的流失, 保证沙糖橘的营养价值。
可溶性糖、VC、酸和矿物质等均为水果中的可溶性固形物, 其含量与果实成熟度以及呼吸速率有密切的关系[33]。由图5(d)看出, 多数组别的沙糖橘的可溶性固形物含量在贮存的0~4 d主要呈下降趋势, 这主要是因为果实进行呼吸代谢, 导致糖类消耗, 因此可溶性固形物含量下降。而第6 d后波动上升(除CK组), CS和CK组的可溶性固形物终值低于它们的起始值, 其他组别终值均略高于起始值。这与李保祥等[34]测量柑橘贮藏期间可溶性固形物的所得结果相似, 可能原因是沙糖橘细胞壁中的原果胶转化为可溶性糖, 同时果实水分损失, 导致可溶性固形物含量上升。因此, 复合膜处理组能有效地延缓沙糖橘中可溶性固形物含量和营养成分的流失, 维持沙糖橘的口感。
果实硬度不仅是判断果实成熟度的指标, 还是反映果实退化程度最直观的指标[35]。如图5(e)所示, 随贮藏时间增加, 所有组别的沙糖橘硬度呈下降趋势。贮藏12 d后, CK、CS组的硬度下降最为明显, 分别降低了47.19%、42.65%; 而CS/BL/ε-PL-2和CS/BL/ε-PL-3的分别降低了17.93%、11.60%, 相比于CK组, CS/BL/ε-PL-3处理的沙糖橘的硬度提高了35.59%。LI等[36]发现, 在25 ℃储藏60 d后, CK、CS、CS-聚甲氧基黄酮类化合物的柠檬醛乳剂组处理的柑橘的硬度分别降低了3.64、3.24、2.87。因此, 从数据分析上看, 复合膜在一定程度上能够维持沙糖橘的硬度, 其中CS/BL/ε-PL-3复合膜的效果最优。
图6看出, 贮藏期间, CK组蓝莓的腐烂情况比所有经涂膜处理的蓝莓严重, 在第4 d就出现了脱水褶皱情况, 而CS、CS/ε-PL、CS/BL、CS/BL/ε-PL处理的蓝莓在第6 d才出现褶皱, 空白组的腐烂速度约为处理组的1.5倍。CS/BL/ε-PL复合膜的保鲜效果良好, 蓝莓多数都未出现褶皱、干瘪、凹陷的现象, 其中CS/BL/ε-PL-3处理的蓝莓的腐烂率相比于CK组降低了62.50%。吴超等[18]在探究壳聚糖/山梨酸钾/ε-聚赖氨酸复合膜对蓝莓的保鲜效果也有类似结论, 即经壳聚糖、ε-PL处理组的腐烂率始终低于对照组。综上所述, CS隔绝了外界空气, ε-PL展现出了良好的抗菌性, 其中ε-PL浓度大的复合膜具有更优的保鲜性能。
图7(a)可看出在整个贮藏过程中, 蓝莓各组失重率逐渐上升, 但CS/ε-PL、CS、CS/BL/ε-PL涂膜失重率均小于对照组的趋势。第12 d, CK组蓝莓的失重率高达63%, CS/BL/ε-PL处理组均低于60%, 其中, CS/BL/ε-PL-3处理的蓝莓的失重率最低为59.33%, 相比CK组失重率减少了3.67%。同样, 杜珂涵等[32]在探究壳聚糖/纳米ZnO复合膜对蓝莓失重率影响中发现, 在18~25 ℃下贮藏12 d后, CK组的失重率达27.56%, 其余处理组的蓝莓失重率均低于25%。可见, 复合膜能够阻碍蓝莓自身水分与环境交换, 延长保质期, 且CS/BL/ε-PL-3效果最优。
图7(b)可见, 蓝莓可滴定酸含量随贮藏时间的推移, 呈现先减后增再减的趋势。这可能是蓝莓的呼吸作用消耗了体内有机酸, 从而导致可滴定酸含量下降; 随着时间推移, 微生物生长代谢易产生酸性物质, 导致有机酸含量上升。贮藏12 d后, CS/BL/ε-PL-3处理蓝莓的可滴定酸含量由0.67%降为0.52%, CK、CS、CS/BL分别由0.65%降为0.34%、0.67%降为0.38%、0.68%降为0.45%。ZHAO等[37]发现, 室温下贮藏15 d后, 壳聚糖/金针菇脚多糖复合膜组的蓝莓可滴定酸含量是空白组蓝莓的1.29倍, 即复合膜能有效减缓贮藏期间蓝莓的呼吸作用, 抑制蓝莓可滴定酸的损耗。综上, CS/BL/ε-PL-3复合膜能有效维持贮藏期蓝莓的品质。
蓝莓高含量的VC是评判其商业价值和营养价值的重要因素, 含量越高则价值越高。如图7(c)所示, 贮藏期间蓝莓的VC含量波动下降, 而处理组的下降幅度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。在第12 d, CK组以及CS、CS/BL、CS/ε-PL处理的蓝莓VC含量分别为26.88、27.30、27.88、28.66 mg/100 g, 而CS/BL/ε-PL的蓝莓VC含量均高于29.00 mg/100 g, 即同时添加BL和ε-PL的保鲜效果更优。ZHAO等[37]的研究也发现室温贮藏的第15 d, 壳聚糖/金针菇脚多糖复合膜处理的蓝莓VC含量是CK组的1.14倍。
可溶性固形物含量越高则意味着蓝莓的口感越好。从图7(d)看出蓝莓的可溶性固形物含量呈先增后减的趋势。原因可能是贮藏期的蓝莓因呼吸作用消耗可溶性糖的速率小于其生成可溶性糖的速率, 故呈上升趋势; 反之, 则呈下降趋势。经CS/BL/ε-PL处理的蓝莓在第6 d左右出现小高峰, 而CK、CS、CS/BL、CS/ε-PL组在贮藏的第2~4 d出现小高峰, 可见CS/BL/ε-PL可减缓蓝莓的呼吸作用。在贮藏的第12 d, CS/BL/ε-PL-3涂膜处理的蓝莓可溶性固形物含量(12.57 Brix)是CK组(9.3 Brix)的1.35倍。类似地, HOSSEN等[38]发现CS/明胶-生姜精油/β-环糊精复合膜处理的蓝莓可溶性固形物含量变化也呈先增后减的趋势。
图7(e)可知, 贮藏期间蓝莓硬度总体呈下降趋势。在第12 d时, CK、CS/BL/ε-PL-2、CS/BL/ε-PL-3组的蓝莓硬度分别下降了36.58%、30.38%、34.56%, CS/BL/ε-PL-3组相比于CK组提高了2.02%。XING等[39]研究发现, 在0 ℃贮藏32 d后, CK组的蓝莓硬度下降30%, CS、CS/TiO2组分别下降16%、12%, 可见复合膜能够有效抑制贮存期间蓝莓的硬度损失。这主要是复合膜抑制了蓝莓的代谢作用和水分流失, 从而阻碍细胞壁成分的分解。
本研究结果表明, CS/BL/ε-PL复合膜具有良好的抗氧化性能和抑菌性, 尽管BL和ε-PL具有特殊的理化性质, 其制备出的复合膜平整度略低于纯CS膜, 但其功能性仍不受影响。将复合膜用于沙糖橘和蓝莓, 通过各项理化指标可以看出复合膜对沙糖橘和蓝莓有良好的保鲜效果, 尤其CS/BL/ε-PL-3的复合膜效果最佳, 该复合膜有效维持了水果的重量、硬度, 减缓VC和可溶性固形物的流失。因此, 添加BL和ε-PL的壳聚糖复合膜可维持沙糖橘和蓝莓贮藏期间的品质, 其作为绿色安全的保鲜剂在水果保鲜中具有优良的应用前景。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32001631)
  • 华南农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202410564033)
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2025年第16卷第7期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240919010
  • 接收时间:2024-09-19
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-19
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32001631)
华南农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202410564033)
作者信息
    1.广东省食品质量安全重点实验室, 华南农业大学食品学院, 广州 510642
    2.华南农业大学广州都柏林国际生命科学与技术学院, 广州 510642
    3.广东中兴绿丰发展有限公司, 河源 517000
    4.岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室河源分中心, 河源 517000

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* 温棚(1988—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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