Article(id=1153433689334731114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241227004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735228800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929621299, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929621299, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929621299, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929621299, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433686872679135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929620712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757656380159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1173259152974561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1173259152978756047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=25, endPage=32, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433689754161516, articleId=1153433689334731114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Study on the variation of heavy metal elements content in Mizuhopecten yessoensis and Anadara broughtonii in the Dalian Region, columnId=1153433689657692523, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Highlight: Technology Centre of Dalian Customs, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the variation in heavy metal elements content in Mizuhopecten yessoensis and Anadara broughtonii from the Dalian Region. Methods Samples of Mizuhopecten yessoensis and Anadara broughtonii were collected monthly over the course of a year in Dalian. The content of heavy metal elements, including Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu, were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The study examined the monthly trends in the accumulation of these elements in the 2 types of shellfish. The single-factor pollution index method and the target hazard quotient method were used to evaluate the consumption risk and potential health risks to humans from consuming shellfish products with accumulated heavy metals. Results The Cd content in Mizuhopecten yessoensis peaked in March, with the highest detected value reaching 4.50 mg/kg, exceeding the national food safety standard limit. The Cu content in Mizuhopecten yessoensi was significantly higher in March, April, and October compared to other months, but all annual detection values were below the limit. In Anadara broughtonii, the Cd content peaked in March and April, with the highest detected value being 1.92 mg/kg, but no significant variation pattern was observed in other months, and all annual detection values were below the limit. The content of other heavy metal elements did not show significant variation patterns over time or seasons. Conclusion The heavy metal content in Mizuhopecten yessoensis shows the most significant monthly variation. For Cd, Mizuhopecten yessoensis are contaminated in March, April, and May, posing health risks if consumed. Anadara broughtonii remaines within safe consumption levels throughout the year, with lower health risks.

, correspAuthors=Yao SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yao SUN, Zheng MU, Ling-Ling JIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433690077122926, articleId=1153433689334731114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=大连地区虾夷贝、赤贝中重金属元素含量变化研究, columnId=1153433689825464685, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期重点:大连海关, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究大连地区虾夷贝、赤贝中重金属元素含量变化。方法 通过选取大连地区虾夷贝、赤贝样品, 在一年内按月收集样本, 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定不同月份贝类样品中Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu重金属元素的含量, 考察两种贝类对上述元素的富集随月份变化的趋势。运用单因子污染指数法及目标危害系数法, 评价食用富集一定含量重金属贝类产品的食用风险及对人体健康的潜在风险。结果 虾夷贝中重金属Cd的含量在3月达到最高峰, 最高检测值达到4.50 mg/kg, 已超过国家食品安全标准限量; 重金属Cu在3月、4月、10月均较为明显高于其他月份, 但全年检测数值均低于限量指标。赤贝体内重金属Cd的含量3月、4月为最高峰, 最高检测值为1.92 mg/kg, 其余月份未检明显变化规律, 但全年检测数值均低于限量指标。其余重金属元素的含量随时间、季节的变化未见明显变化规律。结论 虾夷贝中重金属的含量随月份的变化最为明显, 对于重金属Cd, 虾夷贝在3月、4月、5月虾夷贝处在污染中, 食用存在健康风险; 赤贝全年均处在食用安全数值之内, 存在的健康风险较低。

, correspAuthors=孙瑶, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 孙瑶(1982—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品营养与安全。E-mail:
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Technology Center of Dalian Customs District, Dalian 116001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278265562251551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, companyId=1173278265549668637, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.大连海关技术中心, 大连 116001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1173278265637749024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278265641943329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, companyId=1173278265637749024, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Technology Center of Shenyang Customs District, Shenyang 110016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278265650331938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, companyId=1173278265637749024, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.沈阳海关技术中心, 沈阳 110016)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1173278268158525790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Domestic standards for the limits of heavy metal elements in shellfish products (mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素 NY 5073—2006 GB 2762—2022
Pb ≤1.0 ≤1.5
Cd ≤1.0 ≤2.0
Cr - ≤2.0
Cu ≤50 -
), ArticleFig(id=1173278268301132131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

国内标准关于贝类食品中重金属元素的限量(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素 NY 5073—2006 GB 2762—2022
Pb ≤1.0 ≤1.5
Cd ≤1.0 ≤2.0
Cr - ≤2.0
Cu ≤50 -
), ArticleFig(id=1173278268397601127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Detection results of heavy metal elements in Mizuhopecten yessoensis in different months (mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 Pb Cd Cr Cu
含量范围 平均值 含量范围 平均值 含量范围 平均值 含量范围 平均值
1 0.051~0.092 0.067 0.345~1.820 0.954 0.112~0.198 0.144 0.185~2.380 1.550
2 0.120~0.211 0.178 0.981~3.800 1.952 0.121~0.206 0.170 1.900~3.520 2.966
3 0.080~0.405 0.204 1.460~4.500 3.009 0.097~0.317 0.201 1.950~8.330 5.227
4 0.058~0.199 0.091 1.330~3.710 2.478 0.103~0.166 0.126 1.590~6.230 4.092
5 0.065~0.388 0.152 1.130~3.050 2.091 0.119~0.202 0.159 1.820~6.750 3.778
6 0.072~0.193 0.106 0.451~2.890 1.924 0.103~0.175 0.138 1.540~3.750 2.014
7 0.080~0.145 0.098 0.985~1.370 1.038 0.143~0.182 0.166 1.620~3.050 1.983
8 0.051~0.105 0.073 0.765~1.650 0.982 0.124~0.171 0.139 1.920~5.780 3.690
9 0.072~0.252 0.106 0.833~2.010 1.110 0.089~0.213 0.187 1.880~4.310 2.209
10 0.082~0.211 0.113 0.655~1.870 0.996 0.115~0.200 0.154 1.760~10.80 6.768
11 0.062~0.135 0.102 1.050~2.390 1.271 0.121~0.225 0.174 1.550~3.780 1.954
12 0.088~0.106 0.092 0.921~1.900 1.232 0.109~0.196 0.160 1.620~3.910 2.163
CVs/% 32 33 12 44
), ArticleFig(id=1173278268489875822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同月份虾夷贝体内重金属元素检测结果(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 Pb Cd Cr Cu
含量范围 平均值 含量范围 平均值 含量范围 平均值 含量范围 平均值
1 0.051~0.092 0.067 0.345~1.820 0.954 0.112~0.198 0.144 0.185~2.380 1.550
2 0.120~0.211 0.178 0.981~3.800 1.952 0.121~0.206 0.170 1.900~3.520 2.966
3 0.080~0.405 0.204 1.460~4.500 3.009 0.097~0.317 0.201 1.950~8.330 5.227
4 0.058~0.199 0.091 1.330~3.710 2.478 0.103~0.166 0.126 1.590~6.230 4.092
5 0.065~0.388 0.152 1.130~3.050 2.091 0.119~0.202 0.159 1.820~6.750 3.778
6 0.072~0.193 0.106 0.451~2.890 1.924 0.103~0.175 0.138 1.540~3.750 2.014
7 0.080~0.145 0.098 0.985~1.370 1.038 0.143~0.182 0.166 1.620~3.050 1.983
8 0.051~0.105 0.073 0.765~1.650 0.982 0.124~0.171 0.139 1.920~5.780 3.690
9 0.072~0.252 0.106 0.833~2.010 1.110 0.089~0.213 0.187 1.880~4.310 2.209
10 0.082~0.211 0.113 0.655~1.870 0.996 0.115~0.200 0.154 1.760~10.80 6.768
11 0.062~0.135 0.102 1.050~2.390 1.271 0.121~0.225 0.174 1.550~3.780 1.954
12 0.088~0.106 0.092 0.921~1.900 1.232 0.109~0.196 0.160 1.620~3.910 2.163
CVs/% 32 33 12 44
), ArticleFig(id=1173278268632482159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Detection results of heavy metal elements in Anadara broughtonii in different months (mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 Pb Cd Cr Cu
含量范围 平均值 含量范围 平均值 含量范围 平均值 含量范围 平均值
1 0.009~0.033 0.016 0.190~0.705 0.335 0.120~0.133 0.125 0.470~1.480 0.988
2 0.011~0.052 0.039 0.182~0.633 0.303 0.115~0.205 0.149 0.454~1.270 0.965
3 0.005~0.070 0.044 0.192~1.920 1.050 0.185~1.560 0.544 0.265~2.300 1.427
4 ND~0.055 0.025 0.388~1.520 0.854 0.105~0.237 0.198 0.525~2.960 1.494
5 ND~0.055 0.026 0.170~1.250 0.587 0.119~0.282 0.152 0.420~3.050 1.509
6 0.009~0.042 0.022 0.181~0.988 0.407 0.110~0.165 0.139 0.535~1.670 1.038
7 0.015~0.033 0.029 0.265~1.050 0.621 0.095~0.173 0.147 0.665~1.320 0.985
8 0.010~0.036 0.019 0.269~1.090 0.985 0.151~0.226 0.196 0.430~1.270 0.977
9 0.012~0.049 0.020 0.170~0.981 0.417 0.085~0.230 0.126 0.521~2.050 1.282
10 0.009~0.037 0.017 0.122~0.965 0.405 0.107~0.303 0.220 0.489~1.980 1.088
11 0.006~0.041 0.028 0.106~0.781 0.457 0.109~0.362 0.149 0.625~1.770 1.204
12 0.010~0.061 0.035 0.200~1.300 0.857 0.089~0.221 0.108 0.543~1.920 1.051
CVs/% 33 41 71 17
), ArticleFig(id=1173278268716368244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同月份赤贝体内重金属元素检测结果(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 Pb Cd Cr Cu
含量范围 平均值 含量范围 平均值 含量范围 平均值 含量范围 平均值
1 0.009~0.033 0.016 0.190~0.705 0.335 0.120~0.133 0.125 0.470~1.480 0.988
2 0.011~0.052 0.039 0.182~0.633 0.303 0.115~0.205 0.149 0.454~1.270 0.965
3 0.005~0.070 0.044 0.192~1.920 1.050 0.185~1.560 0.544 0.265~2.300 1.427
4 ND~0.055 0.025 0.388~1.520 0.854 0.105~0.237 0.198 0.525~2.960 1.494
5 ND~0.055 0.026 0.170~1.250 0.587 0.119~0.282 0.152 0.420~3.050 1.509
6 0.009~0.042 0.022 0.181~0.988 0.407 0.110~0.165 0.139 0.535~1.670 1.038
7 0.015~0.033 0.029 0.265~1.050 0.621 0.095~0.173 0.147 0.665~1.320 0.985
8 0.010~0.036 0.019 0.269~1.090 0.985 0.151~0.226 0.196 0.430~1.270 0.977
9 0.012~0.049 0.020 0.170~0.981 0.417 0.085~0.230 0.126 0.521~2.050 1.282
10 0.009~0.037 0.017 0.122~0.965 0.405 0.107~0.303 0.220 0.489~1.980 1.088
11 0.006~0.041 0.028 0.106~0.781 0.457 0.109~0.362 0.149 0.625~1.770 1.204
12 0.010~0.061 0.035 0.200~1.300 0.857 0.089~0.221 0.108 0.543~1.920 1.051
CVs/% 33 41 71 17
), ArticleFig(id=1173278268800254327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Single pollution index element Pi values of different heavy metal elements in shellfish samples (according to GB 2762—2022)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 Pb Cd Cr
虾夷贝 赤贝 虾夷贝 赤贝 虾夷贝 赤贝
1 0.045 0.011 0.477 0.168 0.072 0.063
2 0.119 0.026 0.975 0.152 0.085 0.075
3 0.136 0.029 1.550 0.525 0.101 0.272
4 0.061 0.017 1.240 0.427 0.063 0.098
5 0.101 0.017 1.040 0.294 0.080 0.075
6 0.070 0.014 0.959 0.204 0.069 0.070
7 0.066 0.019 0.525 0.311 0.083 0.073
8 0.049 0.013 0.491 0.492 0.070 0.098
9 0.071 0.013 0.555 0.208 0.094 0.063
10 0.075 0.011 0.498 0.202 0.077 0.110
11 0.068 0.019 0.635 0.228 0.087 0.075
12 0.061 0.023 0.615 0.428 0.080 0.054
), ArticleFig(id=1173278268913500540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

贝类中不同重金属元素的单项污染指数元素Pi值(依据GB 2762—2022)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 Pb Cd Cr
虾夷贝 赤贝 虾夷贝 赤贝 虾夷贝 赤贝
1 0.045 0.011 0.477 0.168 0.072 0.063
2 0.119 0.026 0.975 0.152 0.085 0.075
3 0.136 0.029 1.550 0.525 0.101 0.272
4 0.061 0.017 1.240 0.427 0.063 0.098
5 0.101 0.017 1.040 0.294 0.080 0.075
6 0.070 0.014 0.959 0.204 0.069 0.070
7 0.066 0.019 0.525 0.311 0.083 0.073
8 0.049 0.013 0.491 0.492 0.070 0.098
9 0.071 0.013 0.555 0.208 0.094 0.063
10 0.075 0.011 0.498 0.202 0.077 0.110
11 0.068 0.019 0.635 0.228 0.087 0.075
12 0.061 0.023 0.615 0.428 0.080 0.054
), ArticleFig(id=1173278269039329665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Single pollution index element Pi values of different heavy metal elements in shellfish samples (according to NY 5073—2006)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 Pb Cd Cu
虾夷贝 赤贝 虾夷贝 赤贝 虾夷贝 赤贝
1 0.067 0.016 0.954 0.335 0.031 0.020
2 0.178 0.039 1.950 0.303 0.059 0.019
3 0.204 0.044 3.100 1.050 0.105 0.029
4 0.091 0.025 2.480 0.854 0.082 0.030
5 0.152 0.026 2.090 0.587 0.075 0.030
6 0.106 0.022 1.920 0.407 0.040 0.021
7 0.099 0.029 1.040 0.621 0.040 0.020
8 0.074 0.019 0.982 0.985 0.074 0.020
9 0.106 0.020 1.110 0.417 0.044 0.026
10 0.113 0.017 0.996 0.405 0.135 0.022
11 0.102 0.028 1.270 0.457 0.039 0.024
12 0.092 0.035 1.230 0.857 0.043 0.021
), ArticleFig(id=1173278269131604355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

贝类中不同重金属元素的单项污染指数元素Pi值(依据NY 5073—2006)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 Pb Cd Cu
虾夷贝 赤贝 虾夷贝 赤贝 虾夷贝 赤贝
1 0.067 0.016 0.954 0.335 0.031 0.020
2 0.178 0.039 1.950 0.303 0.059 0.019
3 0.204 0.044 3.100 1.050 0.105 0.029
4 0.091 0.025 2.480 0.854 0.082 0.030
5 0.152 0.026 2.090 0.587 0.075 0.030
6 0.106 0.022 1.920 0.407 0.040 0.021
7 0.099 0.029 1.040 0.621 0.040 0.020
8 0.074 0.019 0.982 0.985 0.074 0.020
9 0.106 0.020 1.110 0.417 0.044 0.026
10 0.113 0.017 0.996 0.405 0.135 0.022
11 0.102 0.028 1.270 0.457 0.039 0.024
12 0.092 0.035 1.230 0.857 0.043 0.021
), ArticleFig(id=1173278269207101832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

THQ of heavy metals in Mizuhopecten yessoensis in different months

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 THQ TTHQ
Pb Cd Cr Cu
1 0.010 0.477 0.024 0.020 0.531
2 0.025 0.975 0.028 0.037 1.065
3 0.029 1.550 0.034 0.065 1.678
4 0.013 1.240 0.021 0.051 1.325
5 0.022 1.045 0.027 0.047 1.141
6 0.015 0.959 0.023 0.025 1.023
7 0.014 0.525 0.028 0.025 0.592
8 0.011 0.491 0.023 0.046 0.571
9 0.015 0.555 0.031 0.028 0.629
10 0.016 0.498 0.026 0.085 0.625
11 0.015 0.635 0.029 0.024 0.703
12 0.013 0.615 0.027 0.027 0.682
), ArticleFig(id=1173278269278405003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同月份虾夷贝中重金属元素的THQ

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 THQ TTHQ
Pb Cd Cr Cu
1 0.010 0.477 0.024 0.020 0.531
2 0.025 0.975 0.028 0.037 1.065
3 0.029 1.550 0.034 0.065 1.678
4 0.013 1.240 0.021 0.051 1.325
5 0.022 1.045 0.027 0.047 1.141
6 0.015 0.959 0.023 0.025 1.023
7 0.014 0.525 0.028 0.025 0.592
8 0.011 0.491 0.023 0.046 0.571
9 0.015 0.555 0.031 0.028 0.629
10 0.016 0.498 0.026 0.085 0.625
11 0.015 0.635 0.029 0.024 0.703
12 0.013 0.615 0.027 0.027 0.682
), ArticleFig(id=1173278269421011342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

THQ of heavy metals in Anadara broughtonii in different months

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 THQ TTHQ
Pb Cd Cr Cu
1 0.002 0.168 0.021 0.012 0.203
2 0.006 0.152 0.025 0.012 0.195
3 0.006 0.525 0.091 0.018 0.640
4 0.004 0.427 0.033 0.019 0.483
5 0.004 0.293 0.025 0.019 0.342
6 0.003 0.204 0.023 0.013 0.243
7 0.004 0.311 0.025 0.012 0.352
8 0.003 0.493 0.033 0.012 0.541
9 0.003 0.209 0.021 0.016 0.249
10 0.002 0.203 0.037 0.014 0.256
11 0.004 0.229 0.025 0.015 0.273
12 0.005 0.429 0.018 0.013 0.465
), ArticleFig(id=1173278269706224018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433689334731114, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同月份赤贝中重金属元素的THQ

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 THQ TTHQ
Pb Cd Cr Cu
1 0.002 0.168 0.021 0.012 0.203
2 0.006 0.152 0.025 0.012 0.195
3 0.006 0.525 0.091 0.018 0.640
4 0.004 0.427 0.033 0.019 0.483
5 0.004 0.293 0.025 0.019 0.342
6 0.003 0.204 0.023 0.013 0.243
7 0.004 0.311 0.025 0.012 0.352
8 0.003 0.493 0.033 0.012 0.541
9 0.003 0.209 0.021 0.016 0.249
10 0.002 0.203 0.037 0.014 0.256
11 0.004 0.229 0.025 0.015 0.273
12 0.005 0.429 0.018 0.013 0.465
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大连地区虾夷贝、赤贝中重金属元素含量变化研究
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孙瑶 1, * , 慕铮 1 , 姜玲玲 2
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:大连海关 2025,16(7): 25-32
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:大连海关 2025, 16(7): 25-32
大连地区虾夷贝、赤贝中重金属元素含量变化研究
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孙瑶1, * , 慕铮1, 姜玲玲2
作者信息
  • 1.大连海关技术中心, 大连 116001
  • 2.沈阳海关技术中心, 沈阳 110016

通讯作者:

* 孙瑶(1982—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品营养与安全。E-mail:
Study on the variation of heavy metal elements content in Mizuhopecten yessoensis and Anadara broughtonii in the Dalian Region
Yao SUN1, * , Zheng MU1, Ling-Ling JIANG2
Affiliations
  • 1. Technology Center of Dalian Customs District, Dalian 116001, China
  • 2. Technology Center of Shenyang Customs District, Shenyang 110016, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241227004
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目的 研究大连地区虾夷贝、赤贝中重金属元素含量变化。方法 通过选取大连地区虾夷贝、赤贝样品, 在一年内按月收集样本, 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定不同月份贝类样品中Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu重金属元素的含量, 考察两种贝类对上述元素的富集随月份变化的趋势。运用单因子污染指数法及目标危害系数法, 评价食用富集一定含量重金属贝类产品的食用风险及对人体健康的潜在风险。结果 虾夷贝中重金属Cd的含量在3月达到最高峰, 最高检测值达到4.50 mg/kg, 已超过国家食品安全标准限量; 重金属Cu在3月、4月、10月均较为明显高于其他月份, 但全年检测数值均低于限量指标。赤贝体内重金属Cd的含量3月、4月为最高峰, 最高检测值为1.92 mg/kg, 其余月份未检明显变化规律, 但全年检测数值均低于限量指标。其余重金属元素的含量随时间、季节的变化未见明显变化规律。结论 虾夷贝中重金属的含量随月份的变化最为明显, 对于重金属Cd, 虾夷贝在3月、4月、5月虾夷贝处在污染中, 食用存在健康风险; 赤贝全年均处在食用安全数值之内, 存在的健康风险较低。

虾夷贝  /  赤贝  /  重金属含量  /  健康风险评估

Objective To investigate the variation in heavy metal elements content in Mizuhopecten yessoensis and Anadara broughtonii from the Dalian Region. Methods Samples of Mizuhopecten yessoensis and Anadara broughtonii were collected monthly over the course of a year in Dalian. The content of heavy metal elements, including Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu, were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The study examined the monthly trends in the accumulation of these elements in the 2 types of shellfish. The single-factor pollution index method and the target hazard quotient method were used to evaluate the consumption risk and potential health risks to humans from consuming shellfish products with accumulated heavy metals. Results The Cd content in Mizuhopecten yessoensis peaked in March, with the highest detected value reaching 4.50 mg/kg, exceeding the national food safety standard limit. The Cu content in Mizuhopecten yessoensi was significantly higher in March, April, and October compared to other months, but all annual detection values were below the limit. In Anadara broughtonii, the Cd content peaked in March and April, with the highest detected value being 1.92 mg/kg, but no significant variation pattern was observed in other months, and all annual detection values were below the limit. The content of other heavy metal elements did not show significant variation patterns over time or seasons. Conclusion The heavy metal content in Mizuhopecten yessoensis shows the most significant monthly variation. For Cd, Mizuhopecten yessoensis are contaminated in March, April, and May, posing health risks if consumed. Anadara broughtonii remaines within safe consumption levels throughout the year, with lower health risks.

Mizuhopecten yessoensis  /  Anadara broughtonii  /  heavy metal content  /  health risk assessment
孙瑶, 慕铮, 姜玲玲. 大连地区虾夷贝、赤贝中重金属元素含量变化研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (7) : 25 -32 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241227004
Yao SUN, Zheng MU, Ling-Ling JIANG. Study on the variation of heavy metal elements content in Mizuhopecten yessoensis and Anadara broughtonii in the Dalian Region[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (7) : 25 -32 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241227004
辽宁大连海岛屿众多, 礁石林立, 气候温和, 海洋渔业资源尤其是贝类资源十分丰富, 也是我国滩涂贝类的主要产区之一[1-2]。大连地区常见的贝类有扇贝科的海湾扇贝、栉孔扇贝、虾夷扇贝以及蚶科的赤贝和鸟蛤科的鸟贝等, 都是大连水产市场的常见种类。虾夷贝为大型冷水双壳贝类, 是大连特产海鲜品种, 与大连旅顺口区特产的赤贝同为辽宁农产品地理标识产品[3-4]。贝类通过消化系统过滤海水来获取海藻或富有生物为食, 移动缓慢居于泥沙中且对Pb、Cd等重金属有较强的吸附积累能力, 重金属容易富集在贝类体内, 最终通过食物链摄入人体内[5-7], 长期低浓度摄入会对人体健康产生不良影响。目前对黄渤海、南海等海域的重金属研究已有大量报道, 包括水产品中重金属的含量以及海水中重金属浓度随季节的变化, 赵金泉等[8]对青岛某养殖区的贝类重金属富集情况按照季节进行了研究, 对辽宁沿海城市水产品及贝类产品的重金属含量也有研究, 但是针对大连地区常见贝类的重金属含量缺少这种针对季节性变化的研究。
故本研究选取大连地区的两种常见贝类: 虾夷贝和赤贝, 在一年周期内逐月采集, 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定不同月份贝类样品中Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu重金属元素的含量[9-10], 考察两种贝类生物对重金属的富集随月份变化的趋势。评价不同月份食用两种贝类对人体健康的潜在风险[11-12], 在确保食品安全的同时, 也为海洋监测工作提供技术数据支撑。
ICP-MS 7900电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(美国安捷伦公司); TOPEX+型微波消解系统(PreeKEM科学仪器有限公司); ME403电子天平(精度0.01 mg, 瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司)。
氩气(Ar, 纯度≥99.995%)、氦气(He, 纯度≥99.995%)(大连光明特别气体有限公司); 硝酸(HNO3, 优级纯, 天津科密欧化学试剂有限公司); 纯水(电阻率为18.2 MΩ·cm, sartorius arium pro VF-T实验室超纯水系统); Ag、Al、As、Ba、Be、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Se、Tl、V、Zn、Th、U标准混合溶液(标准样品编号: GNM-M2510284, 质量浓度10.00 µg/mL, 国家有色金属及电子材料分析测试中心); 内标液6Li、45Sc、72Ge、89Y、115In、159Tb、209Bi(质量浓度10 μg/mL, 美国安捷伦公司); 质控样为生物成分分析标准物质(标准样品编号: GBW10011a, 质量浓度Cd 0.018~0.024 mg/L, Cr 0.06~0.12 mg/L, Cu 2.7~3.3 mg/L, Pb 0.06~0.12 mg/L, 中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘察研究所)。
通过实验室留存样品、大连市内市场购买等渠道, 按月份收集虾夷贝和赤贝样品1份, 每份10个样品(两种贝类各5个), 共收集12份样品, 共计120个样品。
选择检测方法为GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》中第一法 电感耦合等离子体质谱法, 试样的制备按照该标准中5.1.1.2鲜样要求: 水产品等高含水量样品需洗净, 取可食用部分匀浆, 根据GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》中贝类样品的要求是去除内脏, 贝类属于软体动物中的一类。软体动物在形态上变化很大, 但在结构上都可以分为头、足、内脏囊及外套膜4部分。最终取可食用部分主要是白色的内敛肌和生殖腺[13]。按GB 5009.268—2016 5.2.1标准要求对样品进行消解后上机, 消解采用微波消解法。
电感耦合等离子体质谱法使用内标法为校准方法, 内标物的选择应尽量能够与被测元素性质相似, 质量数相近的, 故根据本次分析元素的性质, Cr(53)、Cu(63)、 Cd(114)、Pb(208)对应选择Sc、In、Bi作为内标元素。
射频功率1500 W, 等离子体气流量15 L/min, 载气流量0.8 L/min, 氦气流量4 mL/min, 雾化室温度2 ℃, 采集模式: 跳峰。
评估依据为选择单因子污染指数法, 即利用实测数据和标准对比分类来对贝类样品本身的重金属污染程度的评价, 依据现行有效的两个相关标准: GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》、NY 5073—2006《无公害食品 水产品中有毒有害物质限量》(表1)。
单因子污染指数(Pi)采用公式(1)计算:
Pi=$\frac{{{C}_{i}}}{{{S}_{i}}}$
式中: Ci为贝类样品中第i个重金属元素实测含量, mg/kg; Si为该种贝类在不同标准中的限值, mg/kg。当Pi<0.2时, 说明该种重金属含量处于正常范围, 样本未受污染; 0.2≤Pi≤0.6时, 说明样本处于轻污染水平; 0.6<Pi< 1.0时, 说明样本处于中度污染水平; Pi≥1.0时, 则说明样品中该种重金属严重超标, 样本已被重度污染[14-17]
人体健康风险评价公式可预测环境饮食污染可能对人体健康产生的有害影响, 包括致癌风险、致畸风险评估和暴露评估等, 常见评估方式有: 危险商数(hazard quotients, HQ)、每日饮食指数(dietary diversity index, DDI)、每日重金属摄入量(daily metal intake, DIM)、健康风险指数(health risk appraisal, HRI)、目标危险系数(target hazard quotient, THQ)、终生癌症风险增加指数(incremental lifetime cancer risk, ILCR)等。不同评价公式侧重点不同, 各个公式适用条件不一样, 考虑到在暴露频率、暴露时间和平均体重等参数的影响, 本研究选用THQ, 可同时评估人体通过摄取贝类食物中所含的多种元素: Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu这4种重金属元素所造成的健康风险水平[18-21], 按公式(2)计算:
$\text{THQ}=\frac{\text{EF}\times \text{ED}\times \text{FIR}\times c\times \text{1}{{\text{0}}^{-\text{3}}}}{\text{RFD}\times \text{WAB}\times \text{TA}}$
式中: EF为人群暴露频率(每年365 d), exposure frequency; ED为暴露区间, exposure dose, 以75年计; FIR为食物摄取率, food intake rate,根据联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO)的统计数据, 软体类为每人每天30 g; c为测得贝类样品中的重金属含量(mg/kg); RFD为每日参考剂量, reference dose, 查阅美国国家环境保护局(United States Environ-mental Protection Agency, USEPA)官方网站, 每日推荐安全剂量通常以参考剂量(RFD)的形式给出(USEPA设定的RFD为: Pb: 0.004 mg/kg; Cd: 0.001 mg/kg; Cr: 0.003 mg/kg; Cu: 0.04 mg/kg); WAB为成人平均体重(成人55.9 kg), average adult weight; TA为非致癌性暴露的平均时间(365×ED)。假定人体摄入剂量全部吸收, 以计算的摄入量与参考剂量之比作为评价标准, 当比值大于1时, 表明通过贝类食物进入人体的重金属风险较高, 可能会影响到人体健康, 并且数值越大健康风险越高。对一种贝类来说, 总危害系数(total target hazard quotient, TTHQ)等于参与评估各元素的危害系数之和: TTHQ=THQ(重金属1)+THQ(重金属2)+…+THQ(重金属n)[22-25]
每个样品在重复性条件下获得的两次独立测定结果的绝对差值不得超过算术平均值的20%, 数据分析采用Origin 2017和Excel 2019软件, 评价结果的污染物暴露量及其危害风险。
在全年不同月份, 对虾夷贝和赤贝体内可食用部分(内敛肌和生殖腺)的湿样进行检测, 每份样品重复性测定3次取平均值, 并根据平均值计算变异系数(coefficient of variation, CV)评估数据的波动情况。根据表2表3可以看出, 其中虾夷贝样品中重金属Cd的含量随月份的变化波动最大, 在3月达到最高值, 4月、5月持续高含量, 随即降低, 而后的几个月份重金属含量随月份的变化差别较小。重金属铜Cu在3月、4月、10月均较为大幅高于其他月份。重金属Cr和Pb元素的含量变化趋势不明显, 全年并未发现随月份变化数值变化明显现象。赤贝体样品中重金属Cr的含量随月份变化波动最大, 重金属Cd和Cr的含量3月4月为最高峰, 重金属Cu在5月达到最高峰, 其余月份未检明显变化规律, 重金属Pb元素的含量变化趋势不明显。
根据单因子污染指数法, 计算了贝类体内重金属单项污染指数, 见表4表5。依据GB 2762—2022评价时, 对于重金属Pb两种贝类全年均处于正常范围, 未受污染; 对于重金属Cr, 赤贝在3月处在轻度污染; 对于重金属Cd, 虾夷贝在3—5月均处在重度污染中, 2月、6月、11、12月在中度污染中, 其他月份也在轻度污染中; 赤贝在3、4月份, 及8月及12月时处在轻度污染中, 其余月份显示未受污染。依据NY 5073—2006评价时, 对于重金属Cu, 两种贝类全年均处于正常范围, 未受污染; 对于重金属Pb, 虾夷贝在3月处在轻度污染; 对于重金属Cd, 虾夷贝在2—7月以及9月和11、12月均处在重度污染中, 其他月份在中度污染中; 赤贝在3月也处在重度污染中, 4、7、8、12月处在中度污染, 其他月份处在轻度污染水平。
表6表7可以看出, 通过计算THQ, 评估出食用两种贝类所造成的健康风险水平, 在3—5月食用虾夷贝均存在健康风险, 2月和6月也有较低风险存在。TTHQ值超过1的数值主要有重金属Cd提供, 其余元素THQ值均在较低水平, 对TTHQ数值影响较小。从赤贝的THQ和TTHQ数值来看, 赤贝全年均处在食用安全数值之内, 存在健康风险较低。
通过一年时间监测两种贝类体内重金属含量的数值发现, 虾夷贝体内重金属Cd的含量随月份的变化3月达到最高值, 4月、5月持续高含量, 而后的几个月份重金属含量随月份的变化差别较小。重金属Cu在3月、4月、10月均较为明显高于其他月份。重金属Cr和Pb元素的含量变化趋势不明显, 全年并未发现随月份变化数值变化明显现象。赤贝体内重金属Cd的含量3月4月为最高峰, 其余月份未检明显变化规律, 其余重金属元素Cr、Cu、和Pb重金属的含量随时间、季节的变化未检明显变化规律。在对贝类的监督抽检中发现, 每年3—6月份, 是贝类重金属污染物检出的高发期, 考虑原因可能是由两方面原因造成: 一是3—4月份气温回暖, 大量季节性积雪融化及陆源入海水质情况不容乐观, 导致此段时间近海水质受到重金属污染[26]。另一个原因是由于双壳贝类通过过滤大量海水摄取浮游植物和有机颗粒, 对重金属有较强的吸附积累能力, 最终富集在生物体内。由于气温回升, 贝类进入快速生长繁殖期, 根据GB 2762—2022中贝类样品的要求是仅去除内脏, 但不包括性腺, 随着温度升高, 贝类进入繁殖期生殖腺高度发育, 生殖腺中重金属元素含量要远高于内敛肌[27-28], 导致整体重金属含量较其他季节增高。考虑是这两个原因造成此段时间内贝类体内富集的重金属污染物较多的原因, 同时虾夷贝重金属污染较为严重的原因可能与它自身特性有关: 虾夷贝一般分布于底部比较坚硬、淤泥少的海区和水深不超过40 m的沿岸区, 正常生活的温度范围为: 5~23 ℃, 15 ℃左右最适宜生长, 低于5 ℃生长缓慢, 水温如果升高到23 ℃时, 它的生活能力将开始减弱, 超过25 ℃后很快就会停止生长[29-30]。虾夷贝为滤食性贝类, 杂食性, 摄食细小浮游动植物以及有机碎屑, 对食料性质无严格的选择性, 但对浮游动物的大小和生物的形态需选择, 只要大小合适, 易被滤食, 不管什么种类都可被食用, 繁殖季在每年的3—4月份, 水温8 ℃左右。虾夷贝的这些特性决定了它容易富集重金属污染物[31-32]
虾夷贝体内重金属Cd的含量在3月到5月均值均超过国家食品安全标准的限量指标及无公害食品 水产品的限量指标, 重金属Cu、铬Cr、铅Pb全年检测数值均低于无公害食品水产品的限量指标。赤贝体内重金属Cd全年检测数值均低于NY 5073—2006的限量指标。通过评估食用两种贝类所造成的健康风险水平可知, 在3—5月食用虾夷贝会存在健康风险, 2月和6月也有较低风险存在。赤贝全年均处在食用安全数值之内, 存在健康风险较低。
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2025年第16卷第7期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241227004
  • 接收时间:2024-12-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-27
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    1.大连海关技术中心, 大连 116001
    2.沈阳海关技术中心, 沈阳 110016

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* 孙瑶(1982—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品营养与安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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