Article(id=1153433688848196360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735574400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929621182, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929621182, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929621182, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929621182, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433686872679135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929620712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757656380159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1173259152974561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1173259152978756047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=190, endPage=198, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433689183740684, articleId=1153433688848196360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Protective effects of total polyphenols from Nymphaea candida on lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory injury in A549 cells, columnId=1151895322591638525, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Functional Foods and Functional Components, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To study protective effects of total polyphenols from Nymphaea candida (NCTP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory injury in A549 cells. Methods Polyphenol content in NCTP was determined by Folin-Ciocalte method, and its characteristic components were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A549 cells were treated with 1.0 μg/mL LPS for 12 h to induce inflammatory damage model, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to screen out the optimal intervention concentration of NCTP. The experiment was divided into control group, lipopolysaccharide model group, dexamethasone (DXM 0.039 μg/mL) group, and NCTP (6.0, 15.0, 30.0 μg/mL) groups. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were detected by biochemical method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in A549 cells. The expression of related proteins [Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)] in nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway was detected by Western Blot. Results The content of total polyphenols in NCTP was (90.15±0.17)%, and the content of isostrictiniin, ellagic acid and nicotiflorin was (28.05±0.02)%, (2.15±0.03)% and (3.50±0.01)%, respectively. The mass concentrations of NCTP screened by CCK-8 were 6.0, 15.0, 30.0 μg/mL. After LPS stimulation of A549 cells, the expressions of intracellular inflammatory mediators NO, PGE2 and inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased (P<0.01), indicating that the inflammatory damage model of A549 cells was successfully constructed. Compared with the model group, NCTP significantly inhibited the expression of NO, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA and increased the activities of SOD and GSH in LPS-induced A549 cells. Compared with the model group, NCTP also significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in the damaged cells, and decreased the expression level of Keap1 proteins. Conclusion NCTP has the better protective effect on LPS-induced inflammatory injury in A549 cells, and its mechanism is relative to the regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway. The results of this study can provide a basis for the research and development of functional foods with this effective part to prevent respiratory diseases.

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目的 研究睡莲花总多酚(total polyphenols from Nymphaea candid, NCTP)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)诱导肺泡上皮细胞A549炎性损伤的保护作用。方法 采用福林酚法测定NCTP中的多酚含量, 高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)法测定其特征性成分含量。以1.0 μg/mL LPS干预A549细胞12 h造成炎性损伤模型, CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8)法检测细胞毒性, 以筛选出合适的NCTP干预浓度; 进一步将细胞分为空白组、脂多糖模型组、阳性对照地塞米松(0.039 μg/mL dexamethasone, DXM)组、NCTP低中高剂量(6.0、15.0、30.0 μg/mL)组。生化法检测一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)及前列素E2 (prostaglandin E2, PGE2)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)活性; 酶联免疫法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测白细胞介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)水平; 蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)法检测核转录因子E2相关因子2/血红素加氧酶-1 (nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1, Nrf2/HO-1)信号通路的相关蛋白[Kelch样ECH结合蛋白1 (Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1, Keap1)、核因子(红细胞衍生2)相关因子2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2)、血红素加氧酶1 (heme oxygenase-1, HO-1)]表达。结果 NCTP中多酚含量为(90.15±0.17)%, 所含成分睡莲酚、鞣花酸和烟花苷含量分别为(28.05±0.02)%、(2.15±0.03)%和(3.50±0.01)%, CCK-8法筛选出NCTP的干预质量浓度为6.0、15.0、30.0 μg/mL。LPS刺激A549细胞后, 细胞内炎症介质NO、PGE2和炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达显著升高(P<0.01), 说明A549细胞炎性损伤模型成功构建。与模型组比较, NCTP能显著抑制LPS诱导A549细胞上清中NO、PGE2、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA水平, 明显提高细胞中SOD和GSH活力。与模型组相比, NCTP还能显著增加受损细胞中Nrf2、HO-1的蛋白表达, 降低Keap1蛋白表达水平。结论 NCTP对LPS诱导A549细胞炎性损伤具有显著的保护作用, 机制与其抗氧化、对Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的调控相关。研究结果可为该有效部位预防呼吸系统疾病的功能性食品研发提供依据。

, correspAuthors=赵军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 赵军(1973—), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食药两用植物的研究与开发。E-mail:
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丁宛婷(1997—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为天然活性成分与功能。E-mail:

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丁宛婷(1997—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为天然活性成分与功能。E-mail:

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School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
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注: 与空白组比较, ##代表差异极显著(P<0.01), 下同; 与LPS干预12 h组比较, *代表差异显著(P<0.05); **代表差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=8UoOalIP0iMyq5n22aL1kA==, figureFileBig=JE9NuVw2sTYHYgHiasLQUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173311053065765872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433688848196360, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different NCTP mass concentration on A549 cell viability, figureFileSmall=6gIKrmR7hKA1ehZYgJqC4A==, figureFileBig=o+3snAwNuicrvHSR0vR+bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173311053162234865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433688848196360, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同NCTP质量浓度对A549细胞活力的影响, figureFileSmall=6gIKrmR7hKA1ehZYgJqC4A==, figureFileBig=o+3snAwNuicrvHSR0vR+bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173311053241926642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433688848196360, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of NCTP on the NO and PGE2 content in LPS-induced inflammation model of A549 cells, figureFileSmall=kc97o1budCxFUvrCW90sTg==, figureFileBig=Jc4KJL3xymHmWBjKeGFwjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173311053296452595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433688848196360, language=CN, label=图3, caption=NCTP对LPS诱导A549细胞炎症模型中NO及PGE2含量的影响

注: 与模型组比较, *代表差异显著(P<0.05), **代表差异极显著(P<0.01), 下同。

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睡莲花总多酚对脂多糖诱导A549细胞炎性损伤的保护作用研究
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丁宛婷 1 , 乌里盼·托乎达阿里 1 , 孙媛 1 , 姚雨含 2 , 李晨阳 2 , 赵军 1, 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分 2025,16(7): 190-198
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分 2025, 16(7): 190-198
睡莲花总多酚对脂多糖诱导A549细胞炎性损伤的保护作用研究
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丁宛婷1 , 乌里盼·托乎达阿里1, 孙媛1, 姚雨含2, 李晨阳2, 赵军1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.新疆医科大学药学院, 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 2.新疆药物研究所维吾尔药重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830004
  • 丁宛婷(1997—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为天然活性成分与功能。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 赵军(1973—), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食药两用植物的研究与开发。E-mail:
Protective effects of total polyphenols from Nymphaea candida on lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory injury in A549 cells
Wan-Ting DING1 , Tuo-Hu-Da-A-Li WULIPAN1, Yuan SUN1, Yu-Han YAO2, Chen-Yang LI2, Jun ZHAO1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
  • 2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830004, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231004
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目的 研究睡莲花总多酚(total polyphenols from Nymphaea candid, NCTP)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)诱导肺泡上皮细胞A549炎性损伤的保护作用。方法 采用福林酚法测定NCTP中的多酚含量, 高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)法测定其特征性成分含量。以1.0 μg/mL LPS干预A549细胞12 h造成炎性损伤模型, CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8)法检测细胞毒性, 以筛选出合适的NCTP干预浓度; 进一步将细胞分为空白组、脂多糖模型组、阳性对照地塞米松(0.039 μg/mL dexamethasone, DXM)组、NCTP低中高剂量(6.0、15.0、30.0 μg/mL)组。生化法检测一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)及前列素E2 (prostaglandin E2, PGE2)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)活性; 酶联免疫法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测白细胞介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)水平; 蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)法检测核转录因子E2相关因子2/血红素加氧酶-1 (nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1, Nrf2/HO-1)信号通路的相关蛋白[Kelch样ECH结合蛋白1 (Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1, Keap1)、核因子(红细胞衍生2)相关因子2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2)、血红素加氧酶1 (heme oxygenase-1, HO-1)]表达。结果 NCTP中多酚含量为(90.15±0.17)%, 所含成分睡莲酚、鞣花酸和烟花苷含量分别为(28.05±0.02)%、(2.15±0.03)%和(3.50±0.01)%, CCK-8法筛选出NCTP的干预质量浓度为6.0、15.0、30.0 μg/mL。LPS刺激A549细胞后, 细胞内炎症介质NO、PGE2和炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达显著升高(P<0.01), 说明A549细胞炎性损伤模型成功构建。与模型组比较, NCTP能显著抑制LPS诱导A549细胞上清中NO、PGE2、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA水平, 明显提高细胞中SOD和GSH活力。与模型组相比, NCTP还能显著增加受损细胞中Nrf2、HO-1的蛋白表达, 降低Keap1蛋白表达水平。结论 NCTP对LPS诱导A549细胞炎性损伤具有显著的保护作用, 机制与其抗氧化、对Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的调控相关。研究结果可为该有效部位预防呼吸系统疾病的功能性食品研发提供依据。

睡莲花  /  多酚  /  A549细胞  /  急性肺损伤  /  抗氧化作用  /  核转录因子E2相关因子2/血红素加氧酶-1通路

Objective To study protective effects of total polyphenols from Nymphaea candida (NCTP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory injury in A549 cells. Methods Polyphenol content in NCTP was determined by Folin-Ciocalte method, and its characteristic components were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A549 cells were treated with 1.0 μg/mL LPS for 12 h to induce inflammatory damage model, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to screen out the optimal intervention concentration of NCTP. The experiment was divided into control group, lipopolysaccharide model group, dexamethasone (DXM 0.039 μg/mL) group, and NCTP (6.0, 15.0, 30.0 μg/mL) groups. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were detected by biochemical method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in A549 cells. The expression of related proteins [Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)] in nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway was detected by Western Blot. Results The content of total polyphenols in NCTP was (90.15±0.17)%, and the content of isostrictiniin, ellagic acid and nicotiflorin was (28.05±0.02)%, (2.15±0.03)% and (3.50±0.01)%, respectively. The mass concentrations of NCTP screened by CCK-8 were 6.0, 15.0, 30.0 μg/mL. After LPS stimulation of A549 cells, the expressions of intracellular inflammatory mediators NO, PGE2 and inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased (P<0.01), indicating that the inflammatory damage model of A549 cells was successfully constructed. Compared with the model group, NCTP significantly inhibited the expression of NO, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA and increased the activities of SOD and GSH in LPS-induced A549 cells. Compared with the model group, NCTP also significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in the damaged cells, and decreased the expression level of Keap1 proteins. Conclusion NCTP has the better protective effect on LPS-induced inflammatory injury in A549 cells, and its mechanism is relative to the regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway. The results of this study can provide a basis for the research and development of functional foods with this effective part to prevent respiratory diseases.

Nymphaea candida  /  polyphenol  /  A549 cells  /  acute lung injury  /  antioxidant effect  /  nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signal pathway
丁宛婷, 乌里盼·托乎达阿里, 孙媛, 姚雨含, 李晨阳, 赵军. 睡莲花总多酚对脂多糖诱导A549细胞炎性损伤的保护作用研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (7) : 190 -198 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231004
Wan-Ting DING, Tuo-Hu-Da-A-Li WULIPAN, Yuan SUN, Yu-Han YAO, Chen-Yang LI, Jun ZHAO. Protective effects of total polyphenols from Nymphaea candida on lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory injury in A549 cells[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (7) : 190 -198 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231004
急性肺损伤(acute lung injury, ALI)是脓毒症、病毒感染等因素导致的肺泡上皮和肺泡毛细血管膜损伤、血管通透性增加、肺间质/肺泡水肿的急性炎症性过程, 可造成弥漫性肺间质及肺泡水肿, 严重危害人们的身体健康[1-3]。弥漫性肺泡损伤是ALI/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)的组织学对应物, 是ALI级联过程的最终结果, 由上皮屏障功能障碍、内皮功能障碍和由此导致的肺水肿发展而来[4]。肺泡上皮细胞是保护肺部免受吸入性损伤因素影响的屏障, 其损伤与ALI的发生发展密切相关[5]。A549是人肺腺癌基底上皮细胞, 同时也是II型肺泡上皮细胞, 脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)可诱导该细胞产生级联炎症反应、氧化应激失衡等[6-7]。过度的炎性反应和氧化应激是ALI的主要发病机制之一[8]。核转录因子E2相关因子2/血红素加氧酶-1 (nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1, Nrf2/HO-1)途径可通过氧化还原稳态的调控, 对ALI发挥重要的保护作用[9-10]。核因子(红细胞衍生2)相关因子2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2)是细胞内抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡基因表达的调节因子, 被激活后, 调控下游血红素加氧酶1 (heme oxygenase-1, HO-1)、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2 (B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2, Bcl-2)等蛋白的表达, 抑制氧化应激的发生[11]
传统食药两用植物在ALI防治方面显示较为显著的功效, 如黄芪、甘草和丹参等[12-13]。从中寻找具有ALI功效成分应用于相关健康产品受到人们的广泛关注。雪白睡莲(Nymphaea candida)为睡莲科睡莲属多年生水生草本植物, 主要分布于我国新疆博斯腾湖、伊犁、阿勒泰等地区[14]。睡莲花不仅具有食用价值, 而且具有较好的药用价值, 具有清肺止咳、降热养肝之功效, 用于肝虚、肺燥干咳等疾病的防治。多酚是该植物所含主要特征性成分, 含量可达15.0%[15-17]。研究显示, 富含多酚类成分的睡莲花总多酚(total polyphenols from Nymphaea candid, NCTP)对LPS诱导的小鼠ALI具有较为显著的缓解作用[18]。然而, 其功效机制还有待进一步深入探讨。因此, 本研究利用LPS诱导II型肺泡上皮细胞A549建立炎症损伤模型, 通过研究NCTP调控Nrf2/HO-1通路改善ALI的作用机制, 以期为缓解ALI建康产品的研发提供理论依据。
睡莲花购自新疆乌鲁木齐二道桥药材市场, 品种由新疆药物研究所何江研究员鉴定。
人非小细胞肺癌上皮细胞A549 (CL-0016, 武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司); LPS(美国Sigma公司); Na2CO3(分析纯, 天津市大茂化学试剂厂); 特超敏ECL化学发光底物(北京兰杰柯科技有限公司); 磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline, PBS)、DMEM高糖培养基(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); GAPDH、TNF-α、IL-1β[生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司]; FreeZol RNA提取试剂盒(南京诺唯赞公司); DNA第一链合成试剂盒、实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)试剂盒(日本Takara有限公司); 人白细胞介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、前列素E2 (prostaglandin E2, PGE2)酶联免疫法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)试剂盒(武汉伊莱瑞特生物科技股份有限公司); 一氧化氮(NO)试剂盒(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司); 地塞米松(dexamethasone, DXM)、BCA蛋白定量试剂盒、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)检测试剂盒、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)检测试剂盒、谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)检测试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司); Kelch样ECH结合蛋白1 (Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1, Keap1)、HO-1抗体和山羊抗兔IgG/辣根酶标记(美国Abcam公司); Nrf2、β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)抗体(美国CST公司)。
Agilent-1260 DAD高效液相色谱仪(美国安捷伦科技公司); 色谱柱Phenomenex Gemini NX-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)(美国Phenomenex公司); YP3002N电子天平(精度0.01 g, 上海菁海仪器有限公司); AS10200ADT超声玻璃清洗器(天津奥特赛思斯仪器有限公司); DZKW电热恒温水浴锅(北京市永光明医疗仪器有限公司); SW-CJ-2FD超净工作台(苏州净化设备公司); Multiskan GO全波长酶标仪、C1000 Touch PCR基因扩增仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); Evos XL倒置生物显微镜(深圳Evos公司); HF240CO2恒温细胞培养箱(日本东京理化器械株式会社); XS205专业型分析天平(精度0.0001 g, 瑞士Mettler-Toledo公司); MIKRO200R高速冷冻离心机(德国Hettich公司); AE2000光学显实时荧光定量PCR仪(四川杰莱美科技有限公司); 552BR垂直电泳-转膜装置、ChemiDoc MP全自动全能型显影仪(美国Bio-Rad公司)。
按前期报道方法制备[19], 睡莲花药材2.0 kg以70%乙醇回流提取3次, 每次1 h, 合并提取液, 减压浓缩至浸膏; 浸膏进一步用D101大孔吸附树脂和聚酰胺树脂富集纯化得到睡莲总多酚(112.27 g, 产率5.61%)按Folin-Ciocalteu测定NCTP中总多酚含量。将1.0 mL样品溶液放入10 mL量筒中并避光后, 加入5.0 mL 20% Folin-Ciocalteu苯酚试剂, 混合反应5 min, 然后加入5.0 mL 7.5% Na2CO3溶液。摇匀后, 静置1 h, 于765 nm处测定吸光度。以对照品浓度为横坐标(X, mg/mL), 以吸光度为纵坐标(Y)绘制标准曲线为: Y=8.3333X+0.0239, r=0.9998, 线性范围为0.017~ 0.086 mg/mL。采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)法测定标识性成分睡莲酚、鞣花酸和烟花苷的含量。色谱条件: Phenomenex Gemini NX C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), 乙腈(流动相A)和0.2%磷酸(流动相B)梯度洗脱(0~35 min, 5%~15% A; 35~65 min, 5%~18% A; 65~70 min, 18%~20% A; 70~75 min, 20%~5% A), 流速为1.0 mL/min, 柱温为30 ℃, 检测波长为266 nm。
为了观察LPS对A549细胞活性和增殖的影响, 按照所述方法[20], 细胞常规培养接种至6孔板中, 随机分为正常组、LPS组(1.0 μg/mL)刺激6、12、24 h, 共4组。正常组细胞用A549细胞专用培养基培养; 模型组细胞用终质量浓度含1.0 μg/mL的LPS+A549细胞专用培养基培养。取对数生长期的细胞, 将A549细胞按每孔7×105个细胞接种在6孔细胞培养板。按照上述分组进行处理。干预结束后, 裂解细胞, 提取RNA。实时荧光定量PCR法检测A549炎症细胞指标TNF-α、IL-1β表达水平, 引物: GAPDH(上游CACCCACTCC TCCACCTTTGAC, 下游GTCCACCAC CCTGTTGCTGTAG)、TNF-α(上游GGCGTGGAGCTGAGAGATAACC, 下游ACGGCGATGCGGCTGATG)和IL-1β(上游CAGTGGCA ATGAGGATGACTTGTTC, 下游CTGTAGTGGTGGTCG GAGATTCG); 以确定A549炎症细胞最佳的诱导时间。
取对数生长期A549细胞以7×103 cells/mL接种于96孔板中, 置于37 ℃、5% CO2条件下的培养箱中培养24 h。待细胞贴壁后, 弃去旧培养基, 分为NCTP组、LPS+NCTP组。NCTP组加入含NCTP (0、3.0、6.0、15.0、30.0、45.0、60.0、120.0 μg/mL)的细胞培养液, 继续培养12 h。干预结束后, 每孔加入10 μL CCK-8试剂检测A549细胞存活率, 筛选出最佳给药剂量。
参考1.3.3的实验结果, 将A549细胞分为对照组、脂多糖模型组(1.0 μg/mL LPS)、阳性对照(0.039 μg/mL, DXM)组、睡莲花总多酚低(6.0 μg/mL, NCTP-L)、中(15.0 μg/mL, NCTP-M)、高(30.0 μg/mL, NCTP-H)剂量组。当A549细胞密度达90%时, 轻轻吹打细胞, 离心, 并收集细胞沉淀, 接种于6孔板(5×105 cells/mL), 培养24 h。以LPS (1.0 μg/mL)干预12 h后, 按设定剂量加入不同浓度的NCTP和DXM干预12 h, 空白对照组不做处理。
按照1.3.4进行分组处理。干预结束后收集细胞, 超声裂解, 2000 r/min室温离心5 min, 沉淀取上清液。根据试剂盒说明书测定NO及PGE2含量。
按照1.3.4进行分组处理, 干预结束收集细胞, 2000 r/min室温离心5 min, 取上清液, ELISA法测定细胞上清液中IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α水平。
按照1.3.4进行分组处理, 干预结束后收集细胞, 取上清液, 生化法测定MDA、SOD和GSH活性。
按照1.3.4进行分组处理。提取蛋白, 根据BCA蛋白定量试剂盒说明书测定各组蛋白浓度, 进行蛋白定量。各组蛋白加入相应体积的5×Loading Buffer及PBS后100 ℃变性10 min, -20 ℃保存。按照10 µg/孔上样, 进行十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE), 电转, 将蛋白转移至聚偏二氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, PVDF)膜上。使用1×含吐温20的Tris缓冲盐水(Tris buffered saline with Tween 20, TBST)洗涤PVDF膜5 min×4次后, 将PVDF膜放置在5%脱脂奶粉中室温封闭2 h。一抗(HO-1、Keap1、Nrf2、β-actin, 稀释比例1:1000) 4 ℃摇床上过夜孵育。第2 d PVDF膜用1×TBST洗涤5 min 4次后, 室温避光孵育山羊抗兔IgG二抗1.5 h(稀释比例1:10000), 用ECL发光试剂盒进行显影。使用Image J 1.8.0软件, 以β-actin作为内参对目的蛋白(HO-1、Keap1、Nrf2)条带进行对比分析。
采用GraphPad Prism 9.5.1软件对数据进行统计分析。实验结果以均数±标准偏差表示。P<0.05认为有显著性差异, 实验重复3次。
NCTP富含多酚类成分, 含量可达(90.15±0.17)%。睡莲酚、鞣花酸和烟花苷的标准曲线分别为: Y=15063X+76.725, r=0.9998, 线性范围9.6~960.0 μg/mL; Y=94443X-144.38, r=0.9999, 线性范围6.7~670.0 μg/mL; Y=12646X+17.111, r=0.9999, 线性范围2.4~237.2 μg/mL。NCTP中3个特征性成分含量测定结果显示, 睡莲酚的含量最高, 可达(28.05±0.02)%; 鞣花酸和烟花苷含量较低, 分别为(2.15±0.03)%和(3.50±0.01)%。上述实验结果显示了睡莲酚可能是NCTP中发挥药效的重要成分。
图1所示, 1.0 μg/mL LPS刺激12 h后, IL-1β、TNF-αmRNA表达水平较空白对照(Control)组显著增加(P<0.01)。24 h时两者表达较12 h组显著降低, 说明LPS干预A549细胞12 h是模型建立最佳时间。因此, 选择1.0 μg/mL LPS刺激A549细胞12 h建立ALI炎症模型, 进行后续实验。
进一步考察了NCTP (0、3.0、6.0、15.0、30.0、45.0、60.0、120.0 μg/mL)对A549细胞及LPS刺激A549细胞活力的影响。结果如图2所示, NCTP质量浓度在30.0 μg/mL以下与空白对照组相比无统计学差异, 30.0 μg/mL以上, 随着药物质量浓度的增大, A549细胞的存活率逐渐降低, 呈现较好的剂量效应。NCTP质量浓度在45.0 μg/mL及以下的浓度存活率大于90%, 说明此剂量范围内对细胞无毒性作用。且药物质量浓度在3.0~30.0 μg/mL时, 细胞存活率大于等于100%。并且NCTP质量浓度在6.0 μg/mL时细胞活力最高, 且没有明显细胞毒性。因此在后续实验中, NCTP的低、中、高剂量选择分别为6.0、15.0、30.0 μg/mL。
为了确定NCTP的抗炎能力, 本研究评估了其是否能够抑制LPS诱导的A549细胞炎症模型中炎症介质NO和PGE2产生。结果如图3所示, 与空白对照组相比, LPS组炎症介质NO及PGE2表达水平均明显升高(P<0.01); 与模型组相比, NCTP中、高剂量组(15.0 μg/mL和30.0 μg/mL)可有效抑制ALI细胞炎症模型中NO及PGE2的过量产生(P<0.01), 说明NCTP可以抑制LPS致A549细胞炎症损伤模型中炎症介质的释放, 对炎症细胞具有一定的保护作用。
图4所示, 与空白对照组相比, 模型组细胞炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α水平明显升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较, NCTP中、高剂量(15.0、30.0 μg/mL)干预组细胞炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α表达均显著降低(P<0.01)。结果表明NCTP可通过抑制LPS诱导A549细胞炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α的产生而发挥抗炎作用。
图5所示, 模型组细胞MDA含量显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01), 而SOD活力和GSH含量明显低于空白对照组(P<0.01)。此外, 与模型组相比, NCTP中、高剂量组(15.0 μg/mL、30.0 μg/mL)显著降低了炎症细胞内MDA含量(P<0.01), 并提高SOD活力, NCTP质量浓度在30.0 μg/mL时提高炎症模型细胞中的GSH水平(P<0.05)。总体来看, NCTP可以通过影响炎症细胞内氧化应激指标的水平, 发挥保护急性肺损伤作用, 促进肺泡毛细血管屏障的修复。
为了探究NCTP对LPS诱导A549细胞急性肺损伤模型的抗氧化机制, 采用Western blot法测定细胞模型中HO-1、Keap1及Nrf2蛋白的表达情况。结果如图6所示, 相比较于空白对照组, 模型组细胞的HO-1和Nrf2蛋白表达有明显的下降趋势(P<0.01), 而细胞Keap1蛋白表达则明显上升(P<0.01)。经过NCTP (15.0、30.0 μg/mL)处理后, LPS诱导的A549细胞中HO-1和Nrf2蛋白表达显著增加, Keap1蛋白表达明显所减少(P<0.05)。实验结果说明了对Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的调控是NCTP发挥抗ALI的重要机制之一。
ALI是临床常见的危重症, 其严重阶段即为急性呼吸窘迫综合征, 死亡率高达30%~50%[21]。ALI的病理生理特点是破坏肺泡毛细血管膜屏障, 导致过度炎症反应和肺功能障碍[22]。炎症反应在ALI的病理过程中起着重要作用, 其可通过信号转导途径激活炎症细胞, 释放大量炎性细胞因子, 如TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6[23]。因此, 抑制炎症对预防ALI具有重要意义。LPS是革兰阴性菌细胞壁的主要成分, 可刺激肺组织产生一系列炎症反应, 诱发ALI, 严重时可发展为ARDS[24]。Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞的炎症损伤是ALI发病过程中的主要病理生理变化, LPS暴露可导致这一变化[25]。人肺泡上皮细胞株A549与Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞特征最为相似, 能够响应炎症刺激因子LPS, 表现出典型的炎症反应特征, 包括促炎细胞因子(IL-1β、TNF-α等)的分泌增加、氧化应激标志物(MDA等)的升高、细胞凋亡的增加等。这些反应与ALI的病理生理过程高度一致, 这使其成为研究ALI防治药物筛选及机制研究的理想模型[26-27]。本研究中, A549细胞经LPS刺激后, TNF-α、IL-1β mRNA表达水平显著升高, 说明ALI细胞模型成功建立。肺部或全身失控性炎症是ALI/ARDS的主要发病机制[28], 当机体受到内毒素等因素刺激时, 巨噬细胞等释放出IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α等促炎因子, 这些因子又可介导炎症, 使得大量炎症细胞向肺组织聚集和浸润, 进一步激活细胞内相关信号通路, 释放更多的炎症因子, 形成细胞因子风暴, 导致ALI[29]。DXM抗炎作用强大而持久, 相关研究显示其可能通过调节Keap1-Nrf2通路, 影响下游抗氧化反应元件的表达, 从而抑制哮喘小鼠肺部氧化应激水平[30]。因此将DXM选为阳性对照药。NCTP干预LPS诱导A549细胞炎性损伤后, 细胞上清中的IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α及PGE2水平显著降低, 说明NCTP可通过抗炎活性发挥防治ALI作用。
氧化应激在ALI/ARDS的发展中起着重要作用, 当机体受到ALI/ARDS危险因素的刺激时, 会产生过量的ROS, 刺激肺组织, 使血液中诱导型一氧化氮合酶活性升高, 产生过量的NO。过量的NO会破坏肺微血管内皮细胞和肺上皮细胞, 导致肺水肿[31]。此外, IL-1β等促炎因子还引起细胞膜上多不饱和脂肪酸的脂质过氧化, 导致脂质过氧化产物MDA过表达、SOD和GSH水平降低, 进一步导致细胞受损[32-33]。NCTP干预可使A549损伤细胞中NO、MDA水平下降, SOD、GSH水平升高。Nrf2/HO-1信号通路是内源性抗氧化应激通路之一, 也是炎症相关疾病的重要靶标。Nrf2是机体应对氧化应激的关键防御机制, Keap1是Nrf2的阻遏蛋白, Nrf2的下游基因HO-1及其产物可通过干预氧化性损伤、调控细胞凋亡、调节炎性反应以及促进血管生成而发挥有益的作用[34-35]。LPS刺激A549细胞损伤后, 细胞中Keap1蛋白表达水平升高, HO-1、Nrf2蛋白表达水平下降。NCTP能通过逆转这些蛋白的表达而发挥对细胞的保护作用。综上所述, NCTP可明显改善LPS诱导的A549细胞炎性损伤, 其作用机制可能与对Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的调控相关, 本研究结果可为睡莲花在健康领域的应用提供理论依据。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2021D01D14)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231004
  • 接收时间:2024-12-31
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-31
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新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2021D01D14)
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    1.新疆医科大学药学院, 乌鲁木齐 830011
    2.新疆药物研究所维吾尔药重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830004

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* 赵军(1973—), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食药两用植物的研究与开发。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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