Article(id=1153433687988359527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250107004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736179200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929620977, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929620977, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929620977, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929620977, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433686872679135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929620712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757656380159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1173259152974561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1173259152978756047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=165, endPage=171, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433688353263977, articleId=1153433687988359527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Optimization of the formulation of hypoglycemic compound beverage containing Auricularia auricula and Stigma maydis, columnId=1151895322591638525, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Functional Foods and Functional Components, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To develop a compound beverage suitable for diabetics using Auricularia auricula and Stigma maydis as raw materials. Methods Using Auricularia auricular and Stigma maydis as raw materials, xanthan gum as a stabilizer, and mogroside as a flavoring agent, the preparation process of the compound beverage was optimized through orthogonal experiments. The hypoglycemic effects of the beverage was evaluated by in vitro hypoglycemic and antioxidant tests. Results The optimal formula for the compound beverage was as follows: 30% of Auricularia auricula enzymatic hydrolysate, 40% of Stigma maydis extract, 0.10 g of mogroside, and 0.03 g of xanthan gum. Under these conditions, the sensory score of the compound beverage was 73.57 points. The α-glucosidase inhibition rate and α-amylase inhibition rate of the composite beverage were (55.26±2.05)% and (34.64±0.40)%, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging rate, superoxide anion scavenging rate, and hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of the compound beverage were (77.08±1.20)%, (30.56±0.41)%, and (38.95±0.43)%, respectively, all superior to those of the single Auricularia auricula enzymatic hydrolysate and Stigma maydis extract. Conclusion The composite beverage demonstrates positive effects in regulating blood glucose levels and eliminating endogenous free radicals. This study establishes the optimized formulation and preparation process for Auricularia auricula and Stigma maydis compound beverage, which demonstrates both feasibility and effectiveness. These findings provide both a theoretical foundation and practical references for developing functional beverages with dual hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties.

, correspAuthors=Xue MAO, Xiang-Hui KONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bo-Wen LI, Hui-Yan HUANG, Ming ZHAO, Xue MAO, Xiang-Hui KONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433706820784863, articleId=1153433687988359527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=黑木耳和玉米须复合降糖饮料配方的优化, columnId=1151895323909124661, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 以黑木耳和玉米须为原料, 开发一款适合糖尿病人饮用的复合饮料。方法 以黑木耳、玉米须为原料, 黄原胶作为稳定剂, 罗汉果糖苷作为矫味剂, 通过正交试验优化复合饮料的制备工艺, 以体外降糖和抗氧化试验评估饮料的降血糖效果。结果 复合饮料的最佳配方为: 黑木耳酶解液添加比例30%, 玉米须提取液添加比例40%, 罗汉果糖苷添加量0.10 g, 黄原胶添加量0.03 g。此条件下复合饮料的感官评分为73.57分。复合饮料α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为(55.26±2.05)%, α-淀粉酶抑制率为(34.64±0.40)%。复合饮料1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除率为(77.08±1.20)%, 超氧阴离子清除率为(30.56±0.41)%, 羟基自由基清除率为(38.95±0.43)%, 均优于单一的黑木耳酶解液与玉米须提取液。结论 复合饮料在降血糖, 清除体内自由基方面具有积极作用, 本研究确定的黑木耳和玉米须复合饮料配方及制备工艺具有可行性和有效性, 为开发具有降糖和抗氧化功效的功能性饮料提供了理论依据和实践参考。

, correspAuthors=毛雪, 孔祥辉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 毛雪(1990—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为食药用菌精深加工。E-mail:
孔祥辉(1971—), 女, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食药用菌精深加工。E-mail:
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李博文(1996—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食药用菌精深加工。E-mail:

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李博文(1996—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食药用菌精深加工。E-mail:

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Food Science, 2022, 43(8): 29-35., articleTitle=Structural characterization and hypoglycemic effect in vitro of phosphorylated Auricularia auriculata polysaccharide, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1173278562938405481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=57, authorNames=黄雅晨, journalName=复方降糖饮的研制及其降血糖功效评价, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄雅晨. 复方降糖饮的研制及其降血糖功效评价[D]. 天津: 天津科技大学, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1173278563001320042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=58, authorNames=HUANG YC, journalName=The development of compound hypound hypogilycemic beverage and its evaluation on hypogilycemic effects, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG YC. The development of compound hypound hypogilycemic beverage and its evaluation on hypogilycemic effects[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1173278557779411503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, awardId=QNCX2024SW02, language=CN, fundingSource=黑龙江省科学院青年创新基金项目(QNCX2024SW02), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1173278553941623289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278553966789114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, companyId=1173278553941623289, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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注: 不同字母表示感官评分差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=qaAHCILopfyV6ba0joYc2Q==, figureFileBig=o9g8IpODM7GI+nus58vcnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278556726641189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Inhibition rates of Auricularia auricula enzymatic hydrolysate, Stigma maydis extract and compound beverages on α-glucosidase (A) and α-amylase (B), figureFileSmall=tqP8mub1eBUKZy4Tle5YIQ==, figureFileBig=fxMeRcF46cYBYq7HqmYp/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278556890219046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, language=CN, label=图3, caption=黑木耳酶解液、玉米须提取液、复合饮料对α-葡萄糖苷酶(A)和α-淀粉酶的抑制率(B)

注: **表示差异极显著(P<0.01); ***表示差异强极显著(P<0.001), 下同。

, figureFileSmall=tqP8mub1eBUKZy4Tle5YIQ==, figureFileBig=fxMeRcF46cYBYq7HqmYp/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278556969910823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Antioxidant activities of Auricularia auricula enzymatic hydrolysate, Stigma maydis extrac and compound beverages, figureFileSmall=oc3zU5h6w3Esexu3nyTC5g==, figureFileBig=1dJ5AfBbiwzCrSOPA66+vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278557016048168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, language=CN, label=图4, caption=黑木耳酶解液、玉米须提取液、复合饮料的抗氧化活性, figureFileSmall=oc3zU5h6w3Esexu3nyTC5g==, figureFileBig=1dJ5AfBbiwzCrSOPA66+vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278557078962729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and levels of orthogonal test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A(黑木耳酶解液添加量)/% B(玉米须提取液添加量)/% C(罗汉果糖苷)/g D(黄原胶)
/g
1 20 30 0.05 0.02
2 30 40 0.10 0.03
3 40 50 0.15 0.04
), ArticleFig(id=1173278557146071594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

正交试验因素与水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A(黑木耳酶解液添加量)/% B(玉米须提取液添加量)/% C(罗汉果糖苷)/g D(黄原胶)
/g
1 20 30 0.05 0.02
2 30 40 0.10 0.03
3 40 50 0.15 0.04
), ArticleFig(id=1173278557288677931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 分值 评分标准
组织状态(30分) 21~30 均匀细腻, 无沉淀, 无分层
10~20 轻微分层, 有明显的颗粒感
1~9 严重分层, 有大量沉淀
口感(30分) 21~30 口感爽滑, 不涩口, 无异味
10~20 口感一般, 较涩口, 有异味
1~9 口感粗糙, 涩口, 后味较重
滋气味(30分) 21~30 具有黑木耳、玉米须的香味, 香味
自然
10~20 香味太浓或太淡, 不协调
1~9 有腥味、糊味
色泽(10分) 9~10 黄色, 澄清透明, 无浑浊
5~8 浅褐色, 透明度略差, 有少许浑浊
1~4 褐色暗淡, 透明度差, 有浑浊
), ArticleFig(id=1173278557364175404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 分值 评分标准
组织状态(30分) 21~30 均匀细腻, 无沉淀, 无分层
10~20 轻微分层, 有明显的颗粒感
1~9 严重分层, 有大量沉淀
口感(30分) 21~30 口感爽滑, 不涩口, 无异味
10~20 口感一般, 较涩口, 有异味
1~9 口感粗糙, 涩口, 后味较重
滋气味(30分) 21~30 具有黑木耳、玉米须的香味, 香味
自然
10~20 香味太浓或太淡, 不协调
1~9 有腥味、糊味
色泽(10分) 9~10 黄色, 澄清透明, 无浑浊
5~8 浅褐色, 透明度略差, 有少许浑浊
1~4 褐色暗淡, 透明度差, 有浑浊
), ArticleFig(id=1173278557506781741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Orthogonal test of beverage formulations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号 A(黑木耳
酶解液添加量)/%
B(玉米须
提取液添加量)/%
C(罗汉果糖苷)/g D(黄原胶)
/g
感官
评价
1 1 1 1 1 49.90
2 1 2 2 2 70.70
3 1 3 3 3 54.00
4 2 1 2 3 67.15
5 2 2 3 1 71.15
6 2 3 1 2 67.90
7 3 1 3 2 49.70
8 3 2 1 3 43.65
9 3 3 2 1 54.35
k1 58.200 55.583 53.817 58.467
k2 68.733 61.833 64.067 62.767
k3 49.233 58.750 58.283 54.933
极差 19.50 6.25 10.25 7.83
), ArticleFig(id=1173278557632610862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433687988359527, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

饮料配方的正交试验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号 A(黑木耳
酶解液添加量)/%
B(玉米须
提取液添加量)/%
C(罗汉果糖苷)/g D(黄原胶)
/g
感官
评价
1 1 1 1 1 49.90
2 1 2 2 2 70.70
3 1 3 3 3 54.00
4 2 1 2 3 67.15
5 2 2 3 1 71.15
6 2 3 1 2 67.90
7 3 1 3 2 49.70
8 3 2 1 3 43.65
9 3 3 2 1 54.35
k1 58.200 55.583 53.817 58.467
k2 68.733 61.833 64.067 62.767
k3 49.233 58.750 58.283 54.933
极差 19.50 6.25 10.25 7.83
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黑木耳和玉米须复合降糖饮料配方的优化
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李博文 1 , 黄卉妍 1, 2 , 赵明 1 , 毛雪 1, * , 孔祥辉 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分 2025,16(7): 165-171
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分 2025, 16(7): 165-171
黑木耳和玉米须复合降糖饮料配方的优化
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李博文1 , 黄卉妍1, 2, 赵明1, 毛雪1, * , 孔祥辉1, *
作者信息
  • 1.黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所, 哈尔滨 150010
  • 2.黑龙江农垦职业学院护理学院, 哈尔滨 150010
  • 李博文(1996—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食药用菌精深加工。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 毛雪(1990—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为食药用菌精深加工。E-mail:
孔祥辉(1971—), 女, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食药用菌精深加工。E-mail:
Optimization of the formulation of hypoglycemic compound beverage containing Auricularia auricula and Stigma maydis
Bo-Wen LI1 , Hui-Yan HUANG1, 2, Ming ZHAO1, Xue MAO1, * , Xiang-Hui KONG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Microbiology Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China
  • 2. School of Nursing, Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Vocational College, Harbin 150010, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250107004
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目的 以黑木耳和玉米须为原料, 开发一款适合糖尿病人饮用的复合饮料。方法 以黑木耳、玉米须为原料, 黄原胶作为稳定剂, 罗汉果糖苷作为矫味剂, 通过正交试验优化复合饮料的制备工艺, 以体外降糖和抗氧化试验评估饮料的降血糖效果。结果 复合饮料的最佳配方为: 黑木耳酶解液添加比例30%, 玉米须提取液添加比例40%, 罗汉果糖苷添加量0.10 g, 黄原胶添加量0.03 g。此条件下复合饮料的感官评分为73.57分。复合饮料α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为(55.26±2.05)%, α-淀粉酶抑制率为(34.64±0.40)%。复合饮料1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除率为(77.08±1.20)%, 超氧阴离子清除率为(30.56±0.41)%, 羟基自由基清除率为(38.95±0.43)%, 均优于单一的黑木耳酶解液与玉米须提取液。结论 复合饮料在降血糖, 清除体内自由基方面具有积极作用, 本研究确定的黑木耳和玉米须复合饮料配方及制备工艺具有可行性和有效性, 为开发具有降糖和抗氧化功效的功能性饮料提供了理论依据和实践参考。

黑木耳  /  玉米须  /  饮料  /  降血糖

Objective To develop a compound beverage suitable for diabetics using Auricularia auricula and Stigma maydis as raw materials. Methods Using Auricularia auricular and Stigma maydis as raw materials, xanthan gum as a stabilizer, and mogroside as a flavoring agent, the preparation process of the compound beverage was optimized through orthogonal experiments. The hypoglycemic effects of the beverage was evaluated by in vitro hypoglycemic and antioxidant tests. Results The optimal formula for the compound beverage was as follows: 30% of Auricularia auricula enzymatic hydrolysate, 40% of Stigma maydis extract, 0.10 g of mogroside, and 0.03 g of xanthan gum. Under these conditions, the sensory score of the compound beverage was 73.57 points. The α-glucosidase inhibition rate and α-amylase inhibition rate of the composite beverage were (55.26±2.05)% and (34.64±0.40)%, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging rate, superoxide anion scavenging rate, and hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of the compound beverage were (77.08±1.20)%, (30.56±0.41)%, and (38.95±0.43)%, respectively, all superior to those of the single Auricularia auricula enzymatic hydrolysate and Stigma maydis extract. Conclusion The composite beverage demonstrates positive effects in regulating blood glucose levels and eliminating endogenous free radicals. This study establishes the optimized formulation and preparation process for Auricularia auricula and Stigma maydis compound beverage, which demonstrates both feasibility and effectiveness. These findings provide both a theoretical foundation and practical references for developing functional beverages with dual hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties.

Auricularia auricular  /  Stigma maydis  /  beverage  /  hypoglycemic effect
李博文, 黄卉妍, 赵明, 毛雪, 孔祥辉. 黑木耳和玉米须复合降糖饮料配方的优化. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (7) : 165 -171 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250107004
Bo-Wen LI, Hui-Yan HUANG, Ming ZHAO, Xue MAO, Xiang-Hui KONG. Optimization of the formulation of hypoglycemic compound beverage containing Auricularia auricula and Stigma maydis[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (7) : 165 -171 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250107004
糖尿病作为一种慢性代谢性疾病, 治疗周期长、成本高, 已成为全球重大公共卫生问题[1]。根据2024年发布的《糖尿病并发症疾病研究白皮书》显示, 2023年我国成人糖尿病患者数达1.43亿, 发病率高达12.8%, 其中2型糖尿病占比超90%, 且近几年糖尿病在我国已呈现出年轻化态势[2]。常用的降糖药物虽能在短期内控制血糖水平, 却难以从根本上控制血糖持久稳定[3]。长期依赖这类药物进行治疗, 机体会出现低血糖、乳酸性酸中毒等多种急性毒副作用和各类慢性并发症[4-5]。基于此背景, 抗糖尿病天然产物的需求正处于快速增长的态势, 从天然产物中挖掘具有降血糖作用的活性成分, 已然成为科研领域及医疗健康产业共同研究的热点[6-7]。食用菌的活性成分展现出独特优势, 具有多途径、多靶点、多向性、毒副作用小的优点[8], 能够凭借多种机制、多个环节对糖尿病产生作用, 所以在糖尿病治疗等方面有着十分广阔的应用前景[9-11]
黑木耳是一种药食同源的食用菌, 富含黑色素、多糖、蛋白质等物质[12-13], 具有抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗血栓和增强免疫等生物活性[14]。有研究表明黑木耳子实体多糖能通过多种信号途径刺激胰岛素分泌[15]、加速糖原合成[16]和改善糖耐量[17], 从而调节葡萄糖代谢稳态。XIN等[18]研究黑木耳多糖(Auricularia auricula polysaccharides, AAPs)在血糖调节方面的突出功效, 对糖尿病小鼠的降糖具有显著的效果。AAPs能显著提高抗氧化酶活性和谷胱甘肽水平, 提高肝糖原和血浆肽含量[19]。AAPs可以部分恢复stz诱导的大鼠胰高血糖素样肽-1分泌损伤, 抑制氧化应激通路, 从而缓解糖尿病的病情发展[20]。尹红力等[21]通过构建体外降血糖模型, 评估不同方法制备的AAPs体外降血糖能力, 结果表明酸性多糖通过影响葡萄糖的转运和代谢酶的活性而达到调节血糖的目的。
玉米须作为极具经济与实用价值的开发食材, 含有多种生物学活性成分, 在保健及治疗领域应用潜力巨大。玉米须是禾本科、玉蜀黍属植物玉米的花柱和柱头, 含有多糖、黄酮类和皂苷类物质等[22]。玉米须价格低廉、来源广泛且具有降血糖、降血脂和抗氧化等功效[23], 因此在功能食品中应用广泛。
目前, 开发以黑木耳和玉米须为原料的饮料的热度逐年上升, 如黑木耳猴头菇乳酸发酵饮料的研究、黑木耳多糖运动饮料生产工艺配方及优化、玉米须水晶梨复合保健饮料的研制[24-26], 而将二者结合起来开发一款饮料的工艺鲜见报道。因此, 本研究选用黑木耳、玉米须为原料制成复合饮料, 将同功能的两种原料结合在一起充分发挥其降血糖功效, 并起到一部分的抗氧化活性, 为降血糖产品的开发和原料的综合利用提供新的思路。
黑木耳、玉米须(黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所)。
α-葡萄糖苷酶(250 U/g)、对硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, PNPG, 纯度99%)、α-淀粉酶(猪胰腺50 U/mg)、纤维素酶(50 kU/g)、果胶酶(20000 U/g)、阿卡波糖标准品(纯度98%)(上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)(分析纯, 美国Sigma化学试剂公司); 黄原胶(食品级, 鄂尔多斯市中轩生化股份有限公司); 罗汉果甜苷(食品级, 河南中大恒源生物科技股份有限公司); 碳酸钠、浓硫酸、苯酚、葡萄糖、盐酸、磷酸缓冲液、邻苯三酚、乙醇(分析纯, 北京索莱宝科技有限公司)。
ZQLY-300V全温振荡培养箱(上海知楚仪器有限公司); Infinite 200多功能酶标仪[瑞士帝肯(Tecan)公司]; R21N高速冷冻离心机[日本日立(HITACHI)公司]; IKA T10 basic均质机[艾卡仪器设备(广州)有限公司]; HVE-50灭菌锅[舜友(上海)生物技术有限公司]; ME204/02电子天平[精度0.01 g, 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司]; DHG-9245电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(苏州江东精密仪器有限公司)。
黑木耳和玉米须复合降糖饮料工艺流程如图1所示。
以多糖得率和降血糖能力作为评价指标, 将黑木耳与超纯水按1:60 (g/mL)比例混合, 调节pH为4.5, 按加酶量20000 U/g加入纤维素酶, 在50 ℃条件下酶解1 h, 灭酶10 min, 重新调节pH为4.5, 按加酶量5000 U/g加入果胶酶在50 ℃条件下酶解1 h, 灭酶10 min, 离心取上清, 得黑木耳酶解液。
参考滕蓉[27]的方法。将玉米须按料液比1:50 (g/mL)加入超纯水, 提取温度为95 ℃, 并恒温浸提120 min, 纱布过滤, 得到玉米须提取液。
单因素试验采用经典的“一次一因素”法进行考察[28]。固定配方参数为: 以复合饮料400 mL计, 黑木耳酶解液添加量20% (V:V, 下同), 玉米须提取液添加量20% (V:V, 下同), 罗汉果糖苷0.10 g, 黄原胶0.02 g。选择黑木耳酶解液添加量(10%、20%、30%、40%、50%)、玉米须提取液添加量(10%、20%、30%、40%、50%)、罗汉果糖苷(0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20 g)、黄原胶(0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04 g)作为考察因素, 通过对比不同考察因素对复合饮料感官品质的影响, 确定最佳单因素水平。
以黑木耳酶解液添加量(A)、玉米须提取液添加量(B)、罗汉果甜苷(C)、黄原胶(D)为影响因素, 设计4因素3水平正交试验(表1), 根据感官评价指标确定饮料最佳配方。
配制1 mg/mL葡萄糖溶液, 采用硫酸-苯酚法测定样品中的多糖含量。以吸光度为纵坐标(Y), 葡萄糖溶液质量浓度为横坐标(X, mg/mL), 绘制出葡萄糖标准曲线。结果为: 回归方程Y=6.381X+0.1312, r2=0.9991。通过标准曲线算出样品多糖浓度, 并通过下列公式(1)计算出AAPs得率。
AAPs得率/%=$\frac{c\times n\times V}{m\times 1000}$×100%
式中: c为被测液总糖的质量浓度, mg/mL; n为稀释的具体倍数; V为被测液体的体积, mL; m为被测样品的质量, g, 1000为用于单位换算的系数。
参考闫世芳等[29]的方法并略有改动, 感官小组由20人组成, 采用标准化100分制量化评分模式, 评价项目设定为: 组织状态(30分)、口感(30分)、滋气味(30分)、色泽(10分), 具体评分标准如表2所示。
(1) α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率
参考FAN等[30]的方法并略有改动。96孔板中加入20 μL饮料样品和40 μL PNPG, 混合均匀, 37 ℃孵育10 min, 后加入10 μL α-葡萄糖苷酶, 混合均匀, 37 ℃孵育10 min, 后加入140 μL碳酸钠溶液终止反应, 测400 nm波长下吸光值。(以阿卡波糖溶液代替多糖样品为阳性对照组, 以磷酸盐缓冲液代替多糖样品为空白对照, 以磷酸盐缓冲液代替α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液为背景组), 计算公式(2)如下:
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率/%=$ (1-\frac{{{A}_{3}}-{{A}_{4}}}{{{A}_{1}}-{{A}_{2}}})$×100%
式中: A1为空白对照组吸光度; A2为空白对照背景组吸光度; A3为样品组吸光度; A4为样品背景组吸光度。
(2) α-淀粉酶抑制率
参考LIN等[31]的方法并略有改动。将100 μL饮料样品与100 μL α-淀粉酶混合均匀, 37 ℃孵育30 min, 后加入200 μL可溶性淀粉, 37 ℃孵育10 min。取100 μL混合溶液加入400 μL DNS试剂, 在沸水浴5 min, 测540 nm波长下吸光值。(以阿卡波糖溶液代替多糖样品为阳性对照组, 以磷酸盐缓冲液代替多糖样品为空白对照, 以磷酸盐缓冲液代替α-淀粉酶为背景组)。计算公式(3)如下:
α-淀粉酶抑制率/%=$ (1-\frac{{{A}_{7}}-{{A}_{8}}}{{{A}_{5}}-{{A}_{6}}})$×100%
式中: A5为空白对照组吸光度; A6为空白对照背景组吸光度; A7为样品组吸光度; A8为样品背景组吸光度。
(1) DPPH自由基清除率
参考试验室之前的检测方法[32], 取0.5 mL复合饮料与0.5 mmol/L的DPPH-乙醇溶液0.5 mL混合, 避光反应30 min。在517 nm处测其吸光度, 记为Ab。对照组以等体积的无水乙醇代替DPPH溶液, 测定相应吸光度Ac。空白组以无水乙醇代替复合饮料, 测定吸光度Aa。计算公式(4)如下。
DPPH自由基清除率/%=$ (1-\frac{{{A}_{\text{b}}}-{{A}_{\text{c}}}}{{{A}_{\text{a}}}})$×100%
(2)羟基自由基清除率
取复合饮料0.5 mL, 分别加入6 mmol/L水杨酸乙醇溶液0.5 mL以及6 mmol/L硫酸亚铁溶液0.5 mL, 混合均匀, 加入0.5 mL的3%双氧水溶液, 在37 ℃温水浴反应30 min。于510 nm处测定样品吸光度, 记为Ae; 对照组用去离子水代替双氧水, 测定相应吸光度Af。空白组用去离子水代替复合饮料, 其吸光度为Ad。计算公式(5)如下。
羟基自由基清除率/%=$ (1-\frac{{{A}_{\text{e}}}-{{A}_{\text{f}}}}{{{A}_{\text{d}}}})$×100%
(3)超氧阴离子清除率
先将配制好的Tris-HCl缓冲液在25 ℃水浴锅中预热20 min。取预热后的Tris-HCl缓冲液4.5 mL, 再加入1.0 mL复合饮料和0.4 mL的25 mmol/L邻苯三酚溶液。在25 ℃下反应4 min后, 加入1.0 mL的8% HCl, 于320 nm处测定吸光度Ah。对照组用去离子水代替邻苯三酚溶液, 测定相应吸光度Ai。空白组用去离子水代替复合饮料, 测定吸光度Ag。计算公式(6)如下。
超氧阴离子清除率/%=$ (1-\frac{{{A}_{\text{h}}}-{{A}_{\text{i}}}}{{{A}_{\text{g}}}})$×100%
所有试验均重复3次, 使用GraphPad Prism 9.5.1统计软件进行数据分析及绘图。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析, P<0.05表示差异显著。
不同因素对饮料感官品质的影响结果如图2所示。随着黑木耳酶解液的添加量增加, 饮料的感官评分呈现先增大后降低的趋势, 当黑木耳酶解液比例30%时, 饮料颜色适宜、味道适中, 也能突出黑木耳特有的风味, 随着黑木耳酶解液添加量的增加, 饮料体系黏稠性增大, 流动性变差, 影响产品的适口性。随着玉米须提取液比例增加, 饮料的感官评分呈现先增大后降低的趋势, 当玉米须提取液比例为40%时, 具备玉米的清香, 光泽清亮且没有苦味。这与雷琬琬等[33]、肖敏等[34]研究的黑木耳复合饮料结果一致, 原料添加量与产品的口感、色泽有直接关联。
为了改善饮料的口味, 适当添加甜味剂, 随着罗汉果糖苷的增加, 复合饮料中罗汉果味越浓, 口感偏甜, 当添加量为0.10 g时, 自然清香, 色泽均匀, 酸甜可口。为了避免黑木耳玉米须复合饮料发生沉淀的现象, 向其中加入稳定剂来增强稳定性。随着黄原胶添加量的增加, 感官评分呈现出先增大后降低的趋势, 当黄原胶添加量为0.03 g时, 饮料稳定性良好, 随黄原胶添加量的增加, 饮料体系黏稠性增大, 影响品质。这与秦丹丹等[35]研制的黑木耳复合饮料选择稳定剂不同, 本试验原料直接采用黑木耳酶解液, 自身具备一定的黏稠性, 不易使用过多增稠剂, 影响产品感官和品质。复合饮料单因素最佳优化配方(以400 mL计): 黑木耳酶解液添加量30% (V:V), 玉米须提取液添加量40% (V:V), 罗汉果糖苷添加量0.10 g, 黄原胶添加量0.03 g。
饮料配方正交试验结果如表3所示。按照极差大小, 影响复合饮料感官评价的因素顺序为: A>C>D>B, 即黑木耳酶解液添加量、罗汉果糖苷添加量、黄原胶添加量和玉米须提取液添加比例对复合饮料感官评价的影响依次减小; 从正交试验分析结果可知, 复合饮料最优因素组合为A2B2C2D2, 即复合饮料最佳配方为(以400 mL计): 黑木耳酶解液添加比例为30% (V:V), 玉米须提取液添加比例为40% (V:V), 罗汉果糖苷添加量为0.10 g, 黄原胶添加量为0.03 g, 在此条件下做3组平行验证实验, 复合饮料感官评分均值为73.57分。
体外降血糖活性评价结果如图3所示, 复合饮料对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为(55.26±2.05)%、α-淀粉酶抑制率为(34.64±0.40)%。复合饮料对α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶抑制率显著优于黑木耳酶解液与玉米须提取液(P<0.01)。曹雅菲等[36]和陈玥彤等[37]研究都证实了黑木耳具有良好的降血糖效果, 而玉米须的降糖能力是其重要的生理活性, 通过两种原料结合, 表现出了协同增效的结果, 黑木耳富含膳食纤维, 能延缓碳水化合物吸收, 调节肠道微生物菌群, 改善糖代谢; 玉米须含有黄酮类、多糖等多种活性成分, 可促进胰岛素分泌、增强细胞对葡萄糖的摄取利用。二者结合时, 不同成分间相互协同, 可能激活了更多与血糖调节相关的细胞信号通路, 比单一成分作用途径更广[38]
图4A所示, 黑木耳酶解液的DPPH自由基清除率为(52.21±1.39)%, 玉米须提取液的DPPH自由基清除率为(16.02±0.93)%, 而黑木耳和玉米须复合饮料的DPPH自由基清除率为(77.08±1.20)%。这表明复合饮料在清除DPPH自由基方面具有显著优势, 可能是由于黑木耳和玉米须中的抗氧化成分在复合后产生了协同作用。如图4B所示, 黑木耳酶解液的超氧阴离子清除率为(9.67±0.26)%, 玉米须提取液的超氧阴离子清除率为(21.57±1.15)%, 复合饮料的超氧阴离子清除率为(30.56±0.41)%。复合饮料在清除超氧阴离子方面同样表现出优于单一原料饮料的特性。根据图4C所示, 黑木耳酶解液的羟基自由基清除率为(33.48±0.39)%, 玉米须提取液的羟基自由基清除率为(10.57±0.39)%, 复合饮料的羟基自由基清除率为(38.95±0.43)%。这再次证明了复合饮料在抗氧化方面的优势。
通过单因素与正交试验得到复合饮料的最佳配方为: 黑木耳酶解液添加量30%、玉米须提取液添加量40%、罗汉果糖苷添加量0.10 g、黄原胶添加量0.03 g。此配方下饮料口感与风味俱佳; 体外降血糖活性和体外抗氧化活性测定显示, 复合饮料对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为(55.26±2.05)%、α-淀粉酶抑制率为(34.64±0.40)%, 显著优于单一的黑木耳酶解液与玉米须提取液, 表明其具备良好的降血糖潜能; 体外抗氧化活性测定表明, 复合饮料的DPPH自由基清除率为(77.08±1.20)%、超氧阴离子清除率为(30.56±0.41)%、羟基自由基清除率为(38.95±0.43)%, 均优于单一原料饮料, 表明复合饮料抗氧化优势明显。
玉米须和黑木耳均为药食同源原料, 均被证实含有显著的降血糖和抗氧化活性成分, 对二者复合降糖饮料配方进行研究, 能开发出天然、副作用小的辅助降糖饮品, 为糖尿病患者提供温和的血糖控制辅助手段, 满足特殊人群需求, 提高其生活质量。黑木耳和玉米须复合饮料的开发提高这两种天然资源的利用效率, 减少浪费, 通过优化配方, 可以最大化这些活性成分的效果, 从而开发出具有更好降糖效果和更高营养价值的饮料产品。综上所述, 本研究成功研制出一种具有优良口感且具有降血糖、抗氧化能力的黑木耳和玉米须复合饮料, 具有一定的市场开发潜力。
  • 黑龙江省科学院青年创新基金项目(QNCX2024SW02)
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2025年第16卷第7期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250107004
  • 接收时间:2025-01-07
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-07
基金
黑龙江省科学院青年创新基金项目(QNCX2024SW02)
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    1.黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所, 哈尔滨 150010
    2.黑龙江农垦职业学院护理学院, 哈尔滨 150010

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* 毛雪(1990—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为食药用菌精深加工。E-mail:
孔祥辉(1971—), 女, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食药用菌精深加工。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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