Article(id=1153433635425342139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241219004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734537600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929608445, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929608445, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929608445, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929608445, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433633999282214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929608105, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758086445549, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=26, endPage=33, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433635807023809, articleId=1153433635425342139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Study on the uric acid-lowering effects of postbiotic powder in hyperuricemia, columnId=1152687436237812322, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Application of Fermentation Technology in Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the uric acid-lowering effects of compound postbiotic powder in hyperuricemia. Methods In vitro experiments verified that the metabiotic powder had 2 kinds of effects: Inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity and degrading uric acid, and then establishing a rat hyperuricemia model, and giving postbiotic powder treatment, respectively, the changes in body weight, joint growth, serum uric acid (UA) content, serum XOD activity, liver and kidney function, and total cholesterol (TC) in blood lipids, triglyceride (TG) level were compared. Results The sample significantly reduced the serum UA content, serum urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and TC levels in rats with hyperuricemia. It could effectively reduce the activities of serum XOD, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Conclusion Postbiotic powder has the effect of lowering uric acid, and also has a certain therapeutic effect on liver and kidney injury and dyslipidemia caused by hyperuricemia, and the therapeutic effect is positively correlated with the intake of postbiotic powder.

, correspAuthors=Xue-Mei HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ao WANG, Wu LIANG, Tian-Min FU, Yun-Qi SUN, Qing-Qing LIU, Xue-Mei HAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433673056636957, articleId=1153433635425342139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=后生元粉在高尿酸血症中的降尿酸效果研究, columnId=1152687436393001573, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:发酵技术在食品中的应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究复合后生元粉在高尿酸血症中的降尿酸效果。方法 在体外实验中验证后生元粉具有抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase, XOD)活性和降解尿酸两种功效, 建立大鼠高尿酸血症模型, 并给予后生元粉治疗, 分别对比了大鼠体重变化、关节增长情况、血清尿酸(uric acid, UA)含量、血清XOD活力、肝肾功能、血脂总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)水平等指标的变化。结果 复合后生元粉能显著降低高尿酸血症大鼠血清UA的含量以及血清尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)、肌酐(creatinine, Cr)和TC水平; 能够有效降低血清XOD、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)活力。结论 后生元粉具有降UA功效, 对高尿酸血症引起的肝、肾损伤和血脂异常也有一定的治疗作用, 并且治疗效果与后生元粉的摄入量呈正相关。

, correspAuthors=韩雪梅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 韩雪梅(1992—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为微生物发酵、功能食品研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HyFETQsE2I6Ua8kd/9fRtg==, magXml=Ne2szgyUgDYlkDl8pPS8lQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ZOj02voMvyKxXkzzZ8Crqg==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=nKq5xm9dqZLPax6owMhIVA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王傲(1997—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为微生物发酵与功能成分研究。E-mail:

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王傲(1997—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为微生物发酵与功能成分研究。E-mail:

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王傲(1997—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为微生物发酵与功能成分研究。E-mail:

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Journal of Hypertension, 2023, 41: e435-e436., articleTitle=PS-P10-8: Relationship between blood pressure and presence of treatment for hyperuricemia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175124952899535320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=227, pageEnd=228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=58, authorNames=杨菊贤, 赵倩, journalName=上海预防医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨菊贤, 赵倩. 高尿酸血症的早期干预及并发症的预防[J]. 上海预防医学杂志, 2007(5): 227-228., articleTitle=高尿酸血症的早期干预及并发症的预防, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175124952962449881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=227, pageEnd=228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=59, authorNames=YANG JX, ZHAO Q, journalName=Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG JX, ZHAO Q. Early intervention and prevention of complications of hyperuricemia[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2007(5): 227-228., articleTitle=Early intervention and prevention of complications of hyperuricemia, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1175124945249124702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175124945261707615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, companyId=1175124945249124702, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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注: ***表示与混合后生元相比, 差异极其显著(P<0.001), 图2同。

, figureFileSmall=VoYOZ7MPnvHLITGUlCXN2w==, figureFileBig=Nx9jMOKAFjWv08BiCHB46g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124947505660302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=UA breakdown in each group, figureFileSmall=/ytn3Um+5UpFsbV3Hsiciw==, figureFileBig=6v6ERse4Eq0qXuAq7wIGNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124947585352079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组分解UA情况, figureFileSmall=/ytn3Um+5UpFsbV3Hsiciw==, figureFileBig=6v6ERse4Eq0qXuAq7wIGNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124947677626768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Weight change of rats, figureFileSmall=d2FJ6as8OaT88nL/8ulVTA==, figureFileBig=DJiRHAFnxzByMyIsgXpxPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124947803455889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=CN, label=图3, caption=大鼠体重变化情况

注: -7~0 d代表适应性喂养7 d, 图45同。

, figureFileSmall=d2FJ6as8OaT88nL/8ulVTA==, figureFileBig=DJiRHAFnxzByMyIsgXpxPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124947899924882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of postbiotic powder on serum UA content in rats, figureFileSmall=dpqU84aMoEvQRa3scGRUhg==, figureFileBig=x3Vp4gZJ2XORhCDZUY7ADw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124947983810963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=CN, label=图4, caption=后生元粉对大鼠血清UA含量的影响

注: 与空白组相比, ***表示差异极显著(P<0.001); 与模型组相比, #表示差异显著(P<0.05), ###表示差异极其显著(P<0.001), 下同。

, figureFileSmall=dpqU84aMoEvQRa3scGRUhg==, figureFileBig=x3Vp4gZJ2XORhCDZUY7ADw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124948046725524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of postbiotic powder on joint growth trend of rats with hyperuricemia, figureFileSmall=KUUbZII59N164pwbyVDOEQ==, figureFileBig=LBIN6gKuLAkQRjoDNH89Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124948118028693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=CN, label=图5, caption=后生元粉对高尿酸血症大鼠关节增长趋势的影响, figureFileSmall=KUUbZII59N164pwbyVDOEQ==, figureFileBig=LBIN6gKuLAkQRjoDNH89Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124948185137558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of postbiotic powder on XOD activity in rats with hyperuricemia, figureFileSmall=C3dK/XchOhpNK0zGDhnv9g==, figureFileBig=TgJfU/GXAUCAQr6BmxcSqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124948269023639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=CN, label=图6, caption=后生元粉对高尿酸血症大鼠XOD活力的影响

注: 与空白组相比, **表示差异极显著(P<0.01); 与模型组相比, ##表示差异极显著(P<0.01), 下同。

, figureFileSmall=C3dK/XchOhpNK0zGDhnv9g==, figureFileBig=TgJfU/GXAUCAQr6BmxcSqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124948331938200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of postbiotic powder on renal function in rats with hyperuricemia, figureFileSmall=1JJ0TpzCgQv0u9Z8eXJrLA==, figureFileBig=lzosyVMSqiuQoVBDlpKXFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124948394852761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=CN, label=图7, caption=后生元粉对高尿酸血症大鼠肾功能的影响, figureFileSmall=1JJ0TpzCgQv0u9Z8eXJrLA==, figureFileBig=lzosyVMSqiuQoVBDlpKXFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124948457767322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of postbiotic powder on liver function in rats with hyperuricemia, figureFileSmall=VdT7JosaogfaOa9haKtZ9Q==, figureFileBig=lNG1xWg+WPbnc6lRkUq7wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124948529070491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=CN, label=图8, caption=后生元粉对高尿酸血症大鼠肝功能的影响, figureFileSmall=VdT7JosaogfaOa9haKtZ9Q==, figureFileBig=lNG1xWg+WPbnc6lRkUq7wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124948591985052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of postbiotic powder on blood lipid TC, TG levels in hyperuricemia rats, figureFileSmall=BoHoXz2gkMZWwHgjfSksXw==, figureFileBig=HzmZ6l7H6ZAhxwrWekoUMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175124948650705309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433635425342139, language=CN, label=图9, caption=后生元粉对高尿酸血症大鼠血脂中TC、TG水平的影响, figureFileSmall=BoHoXz2gkMZWwHgjfSksXw==, figureFileBig=HzmZ6l7H6ZAhxwrWekoUMg==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, 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后生元粉在高尿酸血症中的降尿酸效果研究
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王傲 1 , 梁武 1, 2 , 付田民 1 , 孙韵琪 1 , 刘晴晴 1 , 韩雪梅 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:发酵技术在食品中的应用 2025,16(6): 26-33
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:发酵技术在食品中的应用 2025, 16(6): 26-33
后生元粉在高尿酸血症中的降尿酸效果研究
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王傲1 , 梁武1, 2, 付田民1, 孙韵琪1, 刘晴晴1, 韩雪梅1, *
作者信息
  • 1.天津创源生物技术有限公司, 天津 300301
  • 2.天津食用益生菌重点实验室, 天津 300301
  • 王傲(1997—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为微生物发酵与功能成分研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 韩雪梅(1992—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为微生物发酵、功能食品研究。E-mail:
Study on the uric acid-lowering effects of postbiotic powder in hyperuricemia
Ao WANG1 , Wu LIANG1, 2, Tian-Min FU1, Yun-Qi SUN1, Qing-Qing LIU1, Xue-Mei HAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Tianjin InnoOrigin Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300301, China
  • 2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Edible Probiotics, Tianjin 300301, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241219004
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目的 探究复合后生元粉在高尿酸血症中的降尿酸效果。方法 在体外实验中验证后生元粉具有抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase, XOD)活性和降解尿酸两种功效, 建立大鼠高尿酸血症模型, 并给予后生元粉治疗, 分别对比了大鼠体重变化、关节增长情况、血清尿酸(uric acid, UA)含量、血清XOD活力、肝肾功能、血脂总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)水平等指标的变化。结果 复合后生元粉能显著降低高尿酸血症大鼠血清UA的含量以及血清尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)、肌酐(creatinine, Cr)和TC水平; 能够有效降低血清XOD、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)活力。结论 后生元粉具有降UA功效, 对高尿酸血症引起的肝、肾损伤和血脂异常也有一定的治疗作用, 并且治疗效果与后生元粉的摄入量呈正相关。

后生元  /  高尿酸血症  /  黄嘌呤氧化酶  /  尿酸

Objective To investigate the uric acid-lowering effects of compound postbiotic powder in hyperuricemia. Methods In vitro experiments verified that the metabiotic powder had 2 kinds of effects: Inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity and degrading uric acid, and then establishing a rat hyperuricemia model, and giving postbiotic powder treatment, respectively, the changes in body weight, joint growth, serum uric acid (UA) content, serum XOD activity, liver and kidney function, and total cholesterol (TC) in blood lipids, triglyceride (TG) level were compared. Results The sample significantly reduced the serum UA content, serum urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and TC levels in rats with hyperuricemia. It could effectively reduce the activities of serum XOD, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Conclusion Postbiotic powder has the effect of lowering uric acid, and also has a certain therapeutic effect on liver and kidney injury and dyslipidemia caused by hyperuricemia, and the therapeutic effect is positively correlated with the intake of postbiotic powder.

postbiotic  /  hyperuricemia  /  xanthine oxidase  /  uric acid
王傲, 梁武, 付田民, 孙韵琪, 刘晴晴, 韩雪梅. 后生元粉在高尿酸血症中的降尿酸效果研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (6) : 26 -33 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241219004
Ao WANG, Wu LIANG, Tian-Min FU, Yun-Qi SUN, Qing-Qing LIU, Xue-Mei HAN. Study on the uric acid-lowering effects of postbiotic powder in hyperuricemia[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (6) : 26 -33 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241219004
后生元是由灭活的微生物菌体成分及其代谢产物组成的一种新型微生态制剂, 菌体成分具体包含脂磷壁酸、肽聚糖、细胞表面蛋白等, 代谢产物主要指胞外多糖、短链脂肪酸、蛋白质或多肽等物质[1-3]。根据成分和来源的不同, 可将后生元分为灭活菌体型后生元、菌体结构成分型后生元、菌体代谢物型后生元和无细胞混合物型后生元4种[4]。本研究选取的后生元样品属于灭活菌体型后生元, 主要成分包括纳豆芽孢杆菌IOB430、凝结魏茨曼氏菌IOB502、乳酸片球菌IOB701及发酵产物。其中纳豆芽孢杆菌IOB430是枯草芽孢杆菌的一个亚种, 能产生多种抗菌素和酶, 具有广谱抗菌活性和极强的抗逆能力[5]; 凝结魏茨曼氏菌IOB502属于硬壁菌门芽孢杆菌属, 能产生过氧化氢, 还能分解糖类生成L-乳酸[6]; 乳酸片球菌IOB701产生乳酸和细菌素, 能够维持肠道微生态平衡, 可竞争性地抑制病原微生物[7]
高尿酸血症是诱发痛风的关键因素, 还与代谢综合征、中风、慢性肾脏疾病和心血管疾病的发病有关[8]。当体内尿酸(uric acid, UA)含量高于6.8 mg/dL时, 尿酸钠(sodium urate, MSU)晶体在关节和皮下组织内形成, 从而导致痛风性关节炎的发生[9]。大多数高尿酸血症是由于高嘌呤饮食、大量的果糖、酒精摄入和骨髓增生性疾病等后天因素造成的, 遗传原因较为罕见, 比如次黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶(hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, HPRT)缺乏和PRPP合成酶(phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, PRS)过度活跃等原因导致UA和尿酸盐过量堆积, 进而发展成高尿酸血症[10-13]。目前对高尿酸血症的治疗主要通过控制饮食和药物治疗来实现, 这两种方式都存在着弊端, 一方面, 控制高嘌呤食物的摄入可减少UA的生成, 但需长期坚持, 而且会降低患者的生活质量; 另一方面, 通过别嘌呤醇或苯磺唑酮等药物进行治疗, 可减少UA的生成, 效果好的同时也对人体肾脏、肠胃和骨髓健康等产生较大的副作用[14-17]
正常情况下, 人体是通过肾脏和肠道排泄UA的, 然而高尿酸血症患者的肠道菌群会出现明显变化[18]。研究表明, 后生元可促进黏液素和免疫球蛋白A (immunoglobulin A, IgA)的产生, 其中黏液素能促进肠道菌群的建立, 而IgA能防止肠道致病菌入侵上皮屏障, 保持其环境稳定性。黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase, XOD)在嘌呤代谢途径中起关键作用, 因此, 可通过抑制其活性来减少UA的生成[19]。现有研究表明, 益生菌后生元能够调整由高UA血症引起的肠道菌群失调, 不仅可以分解UA, 还可以抑制XOD活性, 减少UA生成[20-25]
然而前期实验发现, 在体外实验中, 随着纳豆芽孢杆菌IOB430、凝结魏茨曼氏菌IOB502和乳酸片球菌IOB701后生元质量浓度的增加, UA分解能力也增加, 但随着纳豆芽孢杆菌IOB430和乳酸片球菌IOB701后生元质量浓度的增加, 对XOD活性的抑制程度先增强后减弱。受到复合益生菌后生元降UA报道的提示, 将上述3种菌进行多菌分段固态发酵制备成复合后生元粉, 并进行在体外实验验证, 结果显示混合后生元粉抑制XOD活性能力和分解UA能力均显著强于单一后生元样品, 且效果随质量浓度的增加而增强。
现有研究说明, 西医临床上常用别漂醇、苯澳马降和秋水仙碱等药物治疗痛风及高尿酸血症, 虽然这些药物能够明显改善症状, 但是复发率较高, 还可能伴有白细胞减少、胃肠道反应及肝肾功能损害等不良反应; 中医治疗痛风性关节炎时, 治疗周期较长, 症状缓解速度较慢[25]。众多结果表明, 后生元辅助治疗对慢性高尿酸血症患者, 特别是肾功能受损患者来说是最优选择[26], 为探索复合后生元粉在动物实验中的降UA效果, 本研究在体外降UA实验结果的基础上, 建立大鼠高尿酸血症模型, 通过对比治疗前后大鼠的多项体征指标, 探究复合后生元粉的降UA功效。为研究开发出一款预防或辅助治疗高尿酸血症的功能性食品或医药保健品奠定基础。
SPF级雄性大鼠60只体重200 g左右[动物生产许可证号: SCXK(京)2019-0010, 斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司]; 后生元粉[本公司研发提供, 样品根据专利《一种枯草芽孢杆菌IOB430发酵后生元粉的制备方法及应用》中的方法制备而成, 主要成分包括纳豆芽孢杆菌IOB430、凝结魏茨曼氏菌IOB502、乳酸片球菌IOB701灭体菌体及代谢产物(详见T/CBFIA 09001—2023《益生菌制品 乳酸菌类 后生元》、T/CBFIA 09001—2023《益生菌分段固态发酵后生元粉》)]; NaH2PO4·2H2O、NaH2PO4·12H2O、黄嘌呤(xanthine, XA)、XOD、UA、氧嗪酸钾(2.5 g/kg)、生理盐水(10 mL/kg)、磷钨酸(分析纯)(上海源叶生物科技有限公司); UA检测试剂盒(货号: 105-000476-00)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)检测试剂盒(货号: 105-000452-00)、肌酐测定试剂盒(货号: 105-000457-00)、XOD活性检测试剂盒(货号: 105-000443-00)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)检测试剂盒、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)检测试剂盒(货号: 105-000443-00)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)含量检测试剂盒(货号: 105-000449-00)、血脂总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)含量检测试剂盒(货号: 105-000448-00)(深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司)。
DK-8B电热恒温水槽(上海精宏实验设备有限公司); 5451D高速离心机(德国Eppendorf公司); L420台式离心机(长沙湘仪离心机仪器有限公司); YXQ-LS-30SII立式压力蒸汽灭菌器(上海博讯实业有限公司医疗设备厂); FA1004万分之一电子天平(上海良平仪器仪表有限公司)。
(1)实验分组
设置分组: IOB701后生元组(发酵接种量: 菌种量与培养基百分比为5%)、IOB502后生元组(发酵接种量: 菌种量与培养基百分比为5%)、IOB430后生元组(发酵接种量: 菌种量与培养基百分比为5%)、复合后生元组(接种量为IOB701: 2%、IOB502: 1%、IOB430: 2%)。
(2)溶液配制
磷酸缓冲溶液(phosphate buffer solution, PBS): 称取71.6 g Na2HPO4·12H2O, 蒸馏水定容至1000 mL, 得到A液; 称取31.2 g NaH2PO4·2H2O, 蒸馏水定容至1000 mL, 得到B液。量取A液81 mL, B液19 mL, 混合摇匀, 即得到0.2 mol/L、pH 7.4的PBS。
XA底物溶液: 精密称取XA 6.1 mg, 用1 mL 1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液助溶, 以PBS定容至100 mL, 得到0.4 mmol/L XA溶液。
XOD溶液: 取XOD (10.9 U/mL)用PBS稀释为0.05 U/mL工作液。XA和XOD溶液均应现配现用[25]
(3)体外抑制XOD活性实验
将后生元样品用PBS溶解配制成质量浓度分别为10、25、50 mg/mL的溶液, 分别向各样品组中分别加入2 mL XOD溶液(0.05 U/mL), 在37 ℃孵育3 min后, 加入200 μL XA溶液, 启动反应, 37 ℃、150 r/min摇床反应6 h, 然后4 ℃、8000 r/min离心5 min取上清液, 在波长293 nm下测定吸光度, 吸光度记为An, 平行测定3次, 分别A1A2A3
空白组设置: 向质量浓度分别为10、25、50 mg/mL的后生元PBS溶液中, 分别加入2 mL XOD溶液(0.05 U/mL), 37 ℃孵育3 min后, 150 r/min、37 ℃摇床反应6 h, 取出后分别加入200 μL XA溶液, 立即4 ℃、8000 r/min离心5 min, 取上清液立即测定吸光度值, 记为A0
根据公式(1)计算XOD抑制率:
XOD抑制率/%=[(A0-An)/A0]×100%
(4)体外促进UA分解实验
后生元样品用PBS溶解配制成质量浓度分别为10、25、50 mg/mL的溶液, 分别向各样品组中加入含0.8 g/L UA的2 mL PBS溶液。启动反应, 37 ℃、150 r/min摇床反应6 h, 然后4 ℃、8000 r/min离心5 min取上清液, 在波长293 nm下测定吸光度, 平行测定3次, 吸光度记为Bn (B1、B2、B3)。
空白组设置: 将质量浓度分别为10、25、50 mg/mL的后生元PBS溶液在37 ℃、150 r/min摇床中反应6 h, 取出后分别加入含0.8 g/L UA的2 mL PBS溶液, 立即4 ℃、8000 r/min离心5 min, 立即测定上清吸光度值, 记为B0
根据公式(2)[25-26]计算UA分解率:
UA分解率/%=[(B0-Bn)/B0]×100%
(1)实验分组
设置分组: 空白对照组(Control)、高尿酸血症模型组(Model)、复合后生元粉低剂量组(PB-L)、复合后生元粉高剂量组(PB-H)。
(2)大鼠高尿酸血症模型的建立
为避免雌激素的影响, 选择购入健康雄性大鼠制备模型, 在(22±2) ℃鼠房中饲养, 每日12 h昼夜交替, 自由摄食。适应性喂养5 d后, 每10只一组, 随机分为上述4组, 空白对照组大鼠每天灌胃给予生理盐水(0.2 mL/只), 其他实验组每天上午灌胃给予氧嗪酸钾(质量分数为2.5 g/kg), 按照10 mL/kg体重的剂量进行灌胃。连续灌胃7 d后眼内呲取血用磷钨酸法测定血清UA水平, UA水平>650 μmol/L, 视为高尿酸血症大鼠[27-28]
大鼠高尿酸血症模型成功建立后, 第2 d起, 每天对空白组与模型组灌胃给予10 mL/kg生理盐水。后生源粉低、高剂量组每天给药1次, 连续给药28 d, 分别在0、7、14、28 d进行相关指标的检测。灌胃剂量: 大鼠体重200 g, 低剂量组灌胃质量浓度为0.25 g/mL, 灌胃剂量为0.67 mL/kg; 高剂量组灌胃质量浓度为0.75 g/mL, 灌胃剂量为0.67 mL/kg[28]
对大鼠进行眼眶取血, 在4 ℃、8000 r/min条件下, 离心10 min, 提取上层血清, 放置于-80 ℃冰箱冷冻备用; 对大鼠进行脱臼处死, 再将大鼠肝组织、肾组织完整的取出, 观察肝脏、肾脏的大小、色泽等情况, 滤纸吸干后称重, 并立即计算大鼠肝脏和肾脏指数。
实验期间内, 观察大鼠的体重变化、皮毛状态, 粪便状态、关节增长情况等, 并记录0、7、14、28 d的情况。
分别于给药第0、7、14、28 d通过采血(眼球取血), 利用酶联免疫反应试剂盒测定血清中UA水平。
按试剂盒说明书操作测定各组大鼠血清中UA、BUN、Cr、XOD活力和AST、ALT含量, 以及大鼠血脂中的TC、TG含量。
所有实验数据均平行3次, 数据表示为平均值±标准偏差, 实验数据采用Excel 2021软件进行统计分析, 使用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行分析并计算不同组别数值及显著性差异。
XOD能在体内催化XA氧化生成UA和超氧阴离子[26], 参与体内嘌呤的代谢, 是UA生成的关键酶, 成为临床治疗高尿酸血症的重要靶点。抑制XOD对治疗痛风等高尿酸血症相关的疾病以及组织氧化损伤具有重要作用。本研究对比了3种后生元单独和复合状态下, 对XOD活力的抑制情况, 分为低、高2个质量浓度(10 mg/mL、50 mg/mL)进行实验, 由图1可以看出不同质量浓度复合后生元对XOD的抑制效果显著高于一种后生元单独作用效果(P<0.001), 且复合后生元质量浓度越高对XOD的抑制效果越显著(P<0.001)。
UA被分解会形成尿囊素, 尿囊素与UA不同, 尿囊素在290~293 nm处没有光吸收, 因此通过测定反应前后吸光度的变化可以计算UA的含量[26], 本研究检测了3种后生元单独和复合后生元分解UA的情况, 分为低、高2个浓度(10 mg/mL、50 mg/mL)进行实验, 由图2可以看出不同质量浓度混合组后生元分解UA能力显著高于单独后生元(P<0.001)。由图2可以看出复合后生元粉质量浓度越高分解UA能力越强。
在实验过程中, 每周检测大鼠体重变化情况。各组大鼠质量总体呈增长趋势。如图3所示, 在处理期内, 各处理组的大鼠体重在相同的时间差异无统计学意义, 说明不同处理方式对大鼠体重无影响。
严格按照试剂盒所述检测方法来测定大鼠血清UA含量。如图4所示, 治疗前7 d模型组与空白对照组相比, 大鼠血清UA含量显著上升, 这表明本次高尿酸血症模型建立成功。治疗期间结果显示, 治疗组与模型组相比, 后生元粉低剂量组和高剂量组均能够使血清UA含量显著下降。因此, 表明后生元粉能够显著降低血清UA含量, 且降血清UA效果与后生元剂量呈正相关。
当血UA值迅速波动时, 尿酸盐在患者关节内结晶沉积, 沉积的尿酸盐结晶会不断刺激关节, 引起关节炎症和畸形[27], 会导致高尿酸血症大鼠关节维度比健康大鼠的维度大, 利用游标卡尺测量各组大鼠趾关节维度并记录, 结果如图5所示, 与空白对照组相比, 模型组大鼠关节增长趋势明显增高。与模型组相比, 后生元粉低剂量组、后生元粉高剂量组均能够不同程度地降低高尿酸血症大鼠关节的增长趋势。结果证明, 后生元粉能够有效延缓高尿酸血症大鼠关节的增长速度, 并且高剂量组延缓效果更加明显。
XOD是嘌呤核苷代谢途径的关键限速酶, 调控UA生成的最终环节, 在高尿酸血症的发病中占据主导地位, XOD异常上调导致嘌呤代谢受阻和UA生成增多[28]。因此, 血清XOD活力的高低可作为是否形成高UA的指标。如图6所示, 与空白对照组相比, 模型组大鼠血清XOD活力显著提高(P<0.01)。与模型组相比, 后生元粉低剂量组、后生元粉高剂量组均能显著降低血清XOD活力(P<0.05, P<0.01)。结果证明, 后生元粉能够有效降低血清XOD活力, 且后生元粉高剂量组对于降血清XOD活力的效果更加显著。
BUN是蛋白质代谢的主要终末产物, Cr是肌肉代谢的产物, 当血清中BUN、Cr含量异常增高时说明肾脏出现损伤[29], 因此, BUN、Cr含量是临床上常用的肾功能指标。按照试剂盒的检测方法, 对大鼠血清BUN、Cr含量进行测定。如图7所示, 与空白对照组相比, 模型组大鼠血清BUN、Cr水平显著提高(P<0.001)。与模型组相比, 后生元粉低剂量组、后生元粉高剂量组均能够不同程度地使血清BUN、Cr水平显著下降(P<0.001, P<0.01)。结果证明, 后生元粉有降低血清BUN、Cr水平的效果, 且高剂量组对于降血清BUN、Cr更加有效, 说明后生元粉能有效缓解高尿酸血症对肾功能造成的损伤。
血清ALT、AST是分布于肝细胞浆和线粒体中的酶, 机体处于正常情况下, 血液中的ALT、AST维持在一个较低水平, 但当机体肝细胞受损或坏死, ALT和AST转移至血液中。因此, 血液中ALT、AST活力的升高可作为机体肝细胞发生损害的指标。如图8所示, 模型组大鼠血清ALT、AST活力显著高于空白组(P<0.05, P<0.01)。与模型组相比, 后生元粉低剂量组、后生元粉高剂量组组均能够不同程度地使血清ALT、AST活力水平降低。结果表明, 后生元粉能有效降低血清ALT、AST活力, 且高剂量组对于降血清ALT、AST活力效果更明显(P<0.05, P<0.01), 说明后生元粉能有效缓解高尿酸血症对肝功能造成的损伤。
图9所示, 与空白对照组相比, 模型组大鼠血脂TG水平无显著性变化(P>0.05), TC水平显著升高(P<0.001)。
与模型组比较, 后生元粉低剂量组、后生元粉高剂量组均能够显著降低高尿酸血症大鼠血脂TC水平(P<0.01)。结果表明, 后生元粉能有效降低血脂TC水平, 且高剂量组降低血脂TC水平的效果更为明显, 说明后生元粉能够降低由高尿酸血症引起的血脂升高。
本研究中, 后生元粉显著降低血清XOD活力, 导致UA合成量减少, 调控UA生成使血清中UA浓度降低, 具有降UA活性; 同时后生元粉降低了血脂中的TG、TC水平, 其中TC水平显著降低, 表明后生元粉可有效降低由高尿酸血症引起的肝脏中血脂的积累, 具有降血脂活性。后生元粉显著降低血清中BUN、Cr的含量, 提高UA的清除率, 减轻对肾脏的损害, 发挥肾脏保护作用; 还能够降低血液中ALT、AST活力, 减轻肝细胞损伤, 保护肝细胞。因此得出结论, 本研究研发的复合后生元粉具有良好的降UA功效, 对高尿酸血症引起的大鼠肝、肾损伤和血脂异常具有治疗作用, 但仍需进一步临床实验进行验证。后生元能抑制内源性UA的升高, 可显著降低人体内UA水平, 同时改善高尿酸血症人群的肠肾结构损伤[30-32]。与此同时, 可进一步实现制备后生元和益生菌株的组合物, 并将其应用于防治高尿酸血症和痛风的功能性食品或药物中。此外, 一项研究表明, 在痛风患者中高血压患者占比高达74%[33-35], 在合并治疗时, 用药具有注意事项多、难度大、效果较差等限制性因素[36-37], 因此, 为达到同时治疗高尿酸血症和高血压的目的, 未来可以尝试开发兼具降UA和降血压活性的后生元样品。
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2025年第16卷第6期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241219004
  • 接收时间:2024-12-19
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-19
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    1.天津创源生物技术有限公司, 天津 300301
    2.天津食用益生菌重点实验室, 天津 300301

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* 韩雪梅(1992—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为微生物发酵、功能食品研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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