Article(id=1153433634997523128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241101001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730390400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929608343, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929608343, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929608343, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929608343, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433633999282214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929608105, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758086445549, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=170, endPage=176, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433635509228221, articleId=1153433634997523128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Optimization of extraction process and study on antioxidant activity of Chaenomeles sinensis polyphenols, columnId=1153433635433730748, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Comprehensive Utilization and Quality Safety of Agricultural Products, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To optimize the extraction process of Chaenomeles sinensis polyphenols and study their antioxidant activity. Methods The extraction process of Chaenomeles sinensis polyphenols was optimized through single factor and orthogonal experiments; the in vitro experiments were simultaneously conducted to investigate the total reducing ability, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of Chaenomeles sinensis polyphenols. Results The optimal process for extracting polyphenols from Chaenomeles sinensis was: Ethanol volume fraction of 60%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:25 (g/mL), ultrasonic temperature of 55 ℃ and ultrasonic time of 90 min. Under these conditions, the polyphenol extraction amount was 2.22 mg/g; at a sample concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, the total reducing ability, DPPH radical scavenging rate and hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of Chaenomeles sinensis polyphenols were determined to be 2.41±0.02, 89.33%±0.24%, and 81.30%±1.27%, respectively, all higher than vitamin C at the same concentration (2.29±0.08, 86.05%±0.39%, 80.94%±0.41%), indicating that Chaenomeles sinensis polyphenols had good antioxidant activity and promising application prospects. Conclusion This study provides a reference for further research and application of polyphenols in Chaenomeles sinensis, offers new ideas for the diversified and high-value utilization of Chaenomeles sinensis resources, and provides theoretical basis for the deep processing of Chaenomeles sinensis resources and rational dietary selection.

, correspAuthors=Qi-Wu ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-Ying BAI, Zhi-Hong LI, Ze-Qin PENG, Qi-Wu ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433644564730829, articleId=1153433634997523128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=白花木瓜多酚提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究, columnId=1153433635601502912, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:农产品综合利用及质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 优化白花木瓜多酚提取工艺并研究其抗氧化活性。方法 通过单因素和正交实验对白花木瓜多酚的提取工艺进行优化; 同时开展体外实验, 对白花木瓜多酚的总还原能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除能力和羟基自由基清除能力进行研究。结果 白花木瓜多酚提取的最佳工艺为: 乙醇体积分数60%、料液比1:25 (g/mL)、超声温度55 ℃、超声时间90 min, 此条件下多酚提取量为2.22 mg/g; 在样品质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL时, 测定白花木瓜多酚总还原能力、DPPH自由基清除率和羟自由基清除率, 分别为2.41±0.02、89.33%±0.24%、81.30%±1.27%, 均高于同等浓度下的维生素C (2.29±0.08、86.05%±0.39%、80.94%±0.41%), 说明白花木瓜多酚具有较好的抗氧化活性, 有较好的应用前景。结论 本研究为白花木瓜多酚的进一步研究应用提供参考, 为白花木瓜资源多元高值化利用提供新思路, 为白花木瓜资源的深加工以及合理选择膳食提供了理论依据。

, correspAuthors=周启武, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 周启武(1987—), 男, 硕士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与营养功能研究。E-mail:
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白玉英(1997—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与营养功能研究。E-mail:

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白玉英(1997—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与营养功能研究。E-mail:

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注: 不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05), 下同。

, figureFileSmall=DreUley+Gxl5Bf5Pihu8gA==, figureFileBig=TGrusNsd/1wmwYPGR5DH/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086812977574740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433634997523128, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=In vitro antioxidant activities of Chaenomeles cathayensis polyphenols, figureFileSmall=+S44lDFVoW0ABJG7ojs0/g==, figureFileBig=DRjf27sNv+SOGiWBHD1+8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086813027906389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433634997523128, language=CN, label=图2, caption=白花木瓜多酚的体外抗氧化活性, figureFileSmall=+S44lDFVoW0ABJG7ojs0/g==, figureFileBig=DRjf27sNv+SOGiWBHD1+8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086813086626646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433634997523128, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Single factor experimental design for polyphenol extraction from Chaenomeles sinensis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素 水平
A乙醇体积分数/% 15 30 45 60 75 90
B料液比(g/mL) 1:10 1:15 1:20 1:25 1:30 1:35
C超声温度/℃ 30 40 50 60 70 80
D超声时间/min 30 50 70 90 110 130
), ArticleFig(id=1175086813157929815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433634997523128, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

白花木瓜多酚提取单因素实验设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素 水平
A乙醇体积分数/% 15 30 45 60 75 90
B料液比(g/mL) 1:10 1:15 1:20 1:25 1:30 1:35
C超声温度/℃ 30 40 50 60 70 80
D超声时间/min 30 50 70 90 110 130
), ArticleFig(id=1175086813229232984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433634997523128, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Orthogonal experiment factor levels table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A乙醇体积分数/% B料液比(g/mL) C超声温度/℃ D超声时间/min
1 55 1:25 45 80
2 60 1:30 50 90
3 65 1:35 55 100
), ArticleFig(id=1175086813317313369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433634997523128, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

正交实验因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A乙醇体积分数/% B料液比(g/mL) C超声温度/℃ D超声时间/min
1 55 1:25 45 80
2 60 1:30 50 90
3 65 1:35 55 100
), ArticleFig(id=1175086813426365274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433634997523128, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of orthogonal experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号 A/% B (g/mL) C/℃ D/min 多酚提取量
/(mg/g)
1 1 1 1 1 1.87
2 2 2 2 1 1.88
3 3 3 3 1 1.80
4 3 2 1 2 1.95
5 1 3 2 2 1.95
6 2 1 3 2 2.22
7 2 3 1 3 1.99
8 3 1 2 3 1.70
9 1 2 3 3 1.92
K1 5.74 5.79 5.81 5.55
K2 6.09 5.75 5.53 6.12
K3 5.45 5.74 5.94 5.61
k1 1.91 1.93 1.94 1.85
k2 2.03 1.92 1.84 2.04
k3 1.82 1.91 1.98 1.87
R 0.64 0.05 0.41 0.57
最优
方案
A2 B1 C3 D2
), ArticleFig(id=1175086813577360219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433634997523128, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

正交实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号 A/% B (g/mL) C/℃ D/min 多酚提取量
/(mg/g)
1 1 1 1 1 1.87
2 2 2 2 1 1.88
3 3 3 3 1 1.80
4 3 2 1 2 1.95
5 1 3 2 2 1.95
6 2 1 3 2 2.22
7 2 3 1 3 1.99
8 3 1 2 3 1.70
9 1 2 3 3 1.92
K1 5.74 5.79 5.81 5.55
K2 6.09 5.75 5.53 6.12
K3 5.45 5.74 5.94 5.61
k1 1.91 1.93 1.94 1.85
k2 2.03 1.92 1.84 2.04
k3 1.82 1.91 1.98 1.87
R 0.64 0.05 0.41 0.57
最优
方案
A2 B1 C3 D2
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白花木瓜多酚提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究
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白玉英 1 , 李志宏 1, 2 , 彭泽琴 1 , 周启武 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:农产品综合利用及质量安全 2025,16(6): 170-176
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:农产品综合利用及质量安全 2025, 16(6): 170-176
白花木瓜多酚提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究
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白玉英1 , 李志宏1, 2, 彭泽琴1, 周启武1, *
作者信息
  • 1.滇西科技师范学院生物技术与工程学院, 临沧 677000
  • 2.成都大学食品与生物工程学院, 成都 610106
  • 白玉英(1997—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与营养功能研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 周启武(1987—), 男, 硕士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与营养功能研究。E-mail:
Optimization of extraction process and study on antioxidant activity of Chaenomeles sinensis polyphenols
Yu-Ying BAI1 , Zhi-Hong LI1, 2, Ze-Qin PENG1, Qi-Wu ZHOU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Biotechnology and Engineering, Western Yunnan University, Lincang 677000, China
  • 2. College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241101001
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目的 优化白花木瓜多酚提取工艺并研究其抗氧化活性。方法 通过单因素和正交实验对白花木瓜多酚的提取工艺进行优化; 同时开展体外实验, 对白花木瓜多酚的总还原能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除能力和羟基自由基清除能力进行研究。结果 白花木瓜多酚提取的最佳工艺为: 乙醇体积分数60%、料液比1:25 (g/mL)、超声温度55 ℃、超声时间90 min, 此条件下多酚提取量为2.22 mg/g; 在样品质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL时, 测定白花木瓜多酚总还原能力、DPPH自由基清除率和羟自由基清除率, 分别为2.41±0.02、89.33%±0.24%、81.30%±1.27%, 均高于同等浓度下的维生素C (2.29±0.08、86.05%±0.39%、80.94%±0.41%), 说明白花木瓜多酚具有较好的抗氧化活性, 有较好的应用前景。结论 本研究为白花木瓜多酚的进一步研究应用提供参考, 为白花木瓜资源多元高值化利用提供新思路, 为白花木瓜资源的深加工以及合理选择膳食提供了理论依据。

白花木瓜  /  多酚  /  超声辅助提取  /  工艺优化  /  抗氧化活性

Objective To optimize the extraction process of Chaenomeles sinensis polyphenols and study their antioxidant activity. Methods The extraction process of Chaenomeles sinensis polyphenols was optimized through single factor and orthogonal experiments; the in vitro experiments were simultaneously conducted to investigate the total reducing ability, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of Chaenomeles sinensis polyphenols. Results The optimal process for extracting polyphenols from Chaenomeles sinensis was: Ethanol volume fraction of 60%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:25 (g/mL), ultrasonic temperature of 55 ℃ and ultrasonic time of 90 min. Under these conditions, the polyphenol extraction amount was 2.22 mg/g; at a sample concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, the total reducing ability, DPPH radical scavenging rate and hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of Chaenomeles sinensis polyphenols were determined to be 2.41±0.02, 89.33%±0.24%, and 81.30%±1.27%, respectively, all higher than vitamin C at the same concentration (2.29±0.08, 86.05%±0.39%, 80.94%±0.41%), indicating that Chaenomeles sinensis polyphenols had good antioxidant activity and promising application prospects. Conclusion This study provides a reference for further research and application of polyphenols in Chaenomeles sinensis, offers new ideas for the diversified and high-value utilization of Chaenomeles sinensis resources, and provides theoretical basis for the deep processing of Chaenomeles sinensis resources and rational dietary selection.

Chaenomeles sinensis  /  polyphenols  /  ultrasonic-assisted extraction  /  process optimization  /  antioxidant activity
白玉英, 李志宏, 彭泽琴, 周启武. 白花木瓜多酚提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (6) : 170 -176 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241101001
Yu-Ying BAI, Zhi-Hong LI, Ze-Qin PENG, Qi-Wu ZHOU. Optimization of extraction process and study on antioxidant activity of Chaenomeles sinensis polyphenols[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (6) : 170 -176 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241101001
在药用与食用价值兼具的植物资源中, 蔷薇科(Rosaceae)下的木瓜属(Chaenomeles)植物在我国占有重要地位。白花木瓜(Chaenomeles sinensis)是云南省临沧市的特产, 当地气候条件优越, 尤为适合白花木瓜生长, 所产白花木瓜产量颇高, 果实硕大, 果肉肥厚[1]。白花木瓜富含铁、锰、磷、钾、镁、钙、锌等多种元素[2], 还包含维生素、果胶、胡萝卜素、氨基酸、黄酮类、有机酸等营养物质[3]。正因白花木瓜营养富足、肉厚清脆且味甘酸, 其用于食品工业加工出的食品深受人们喜爱。此外, 白花木瓜药用价值极高, 成熟果实呈金黄色, 味道酸, 具有祛风除湿、平肝和胃等功效[4]。其中的有机酸能抗氧化[5]、消食健胃; 黄酮类物质可有效预防冠心病, 能调节心律不齐、降低血压[6-9]; 白花木瓜中的齐墩果酸, 功效多样, 比如降血脂、护肝降酶、抗氧化等[10-11], 还对染色体损失有一定保护作用, 是医药工业的重要原料[12]
白花木瓜(Chaenomeles sinensis)是一种具有丰富营养价值和药用价值的植物资源, 其含有多种生物活性成分, 其中多酚类物质是其重要的活性成分之一。多酚具有抗氧化、抗炎[13]、抗菌[14]、抗癌[15-17]等多种生物活性, 对人体健康具有重要的保护作用。因此, 深入研究白花木瓜中的多酚类物质, 对于开发利用白花木瓜资源具有重要的意义。
氧化应激是导致许多慢性疾病发生发展的重要因素之一[18]。抗氧化剂可以通过清除自由基、抑制氧化反应[19-23]等方式, 减轻氧化应激对人体的损害[24]。因此, 寻找高效的抗氧化剂成为了当前研究的热点之一。多酚类物质具有很强的抗氧化活性, 对预防和治疗氧化应激相关的疾病具有潜在的应用价值。
多酚提取工艺研究不断发展。传统方法有溶剂提取等, 操作较简单但效率有限。如今超临界流体萃取、微波辅助提取等新技术涌现, 提取率、纯度得以提升, 且更环保, 不过部分仍面临成本及规模化应用难题[25-30]
当前, 李慧芸[29]从木瓜果渣中提取多酚并研究其抗氧化活性, 贺鹏等[30]对白木瓜籽粕中多酚的提取和抗氧化活性进行了研究, 但目前国内外关于白花木瓜多酚提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性的研究鲜有报道。因此, 优化白花木瓜多酚的提取工艺, 提高多酚的提取率是实现白花木瓜资源高效利用的关键。
目前, 国内外对于白花木瓜的研究主要集中在其化学成分、药理作用[31-32]等方面, 对于白花木瓜多酚的提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性的研究还比较少。因此, 本研究通过单因素和正交实验对白花木瓜多酚的提取工艺进行优化并研究其抗氧化活性, 以期为白花木瓜资源多元高值化利用提供新思路, 并为白花木瓜资源的深加工利用以及合理选择膳食提供理论依据, 促进白花木瓜相关抗氧化功效食品的研发, 对白花木瓜行业的发展提供支持。
2023年10—11月于云南省临沧市本地农贸市场采集白花木瓜新鲜果实, 采集后置于洁净干燥的密封袋中保存并置于-4 ℃冰箱保存备用。
无水乙醇(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 福林酚、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)(分析纯, 北京酷来搏科技有限公司)。
UV-1200紫外可见分光光度计、TD5D离心机(上海美谱达仪器有限公司); Sartorius BSA224S1电子天平[精度0.1 mg, 赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司]; DHG-9070A电热鼓风干燥箱(上海浦东荣丰科学仪器有限公司)。
新鲜白花木瓜用蒸馏水洗净, 剔除果核, 切片后置于烘箱干燥(温度为60 ℃, 时间为12 h), 烘干后将其粉碎过筛(60目), 放入密封袋内, 避光保存。
采用福林酚法测定多酚含量, 参照白玉英等[33]的方法稍作修改, 以没食子酸标准溶液的质量浓度作为横坐标(X, μg/mL), 以在760 nm下没食子酸试样的吸光度作为纵坐标(Y), 平行进行3次测定, 计算其平均值, 绘制没食子酸标准曲线。
白花木瓜鲜果→清洗→去核切片→干燥→粉碎→过筛→白花木瓜粉末→提取溶剂与白花木瓜粉末混合→不同条件下超声辅助提取→抽滤→白花木瓜多酚提取液→白花木瓜多酚提取液稀释→测定吸光值→计算多酚含量。
准确称量白木瓜干粉1.0 g, 以一定的乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声温度、超声时间为指标, 对其进行超声辅助提取, 抽滤, 得到白花木瓜多酚提取液。精确吸取0.50 mL白花木瓜多酚提取液于10 mL的试管中, 加蒸馏水至1 mL, 按照郭世纪等[34]方法进行多酚含量测定, 实验取3次平均值。白花木瓜多酚的提取量按公式(1)计算:
多酚提取量/(mg/g)=(C×V×N/M)×100
式中: C为提取液中多酚的含量, µg/mL; V为提取液体积, mL; N为稀释倍数; M为称取的白木瓜干粉质量, g。
称取白花木瓜粉1.0 g, 设置超声功率150 W, 固定乙醇体积分数60%、料液比1:20 (g/mL)、超声温度50 ℃, 超声时间50 min, 以白花木瓜多酚提取量为评价指标, 设计白花木瓜多酚提取单因素实验, 见表1
为进一步优化白花木瓜多酚提取工艺, 以白花木瓜多酚的提取量作为评价指标, 基于单因素实验的结果, 进行正交实验设计, 正交实验因素与水平见表2
参考胡霞等[35]的测定方法并作适当修改, 对白花木瓜的总还原能力和DPPH自由基清除率进行测定, 检测以维生素C为阳性对照, 平行进行3次, 记录并计算实验结果。采用水杨酸滴定法对羟基自由基清除率进行测定, 在510 nm处测定其吸光值, 以维生素C为阳性对照, 清除率按公式(2)计算:
清除率/%=$\frac{{{A}_{\text{0}}}-(A\text{x}-A{{\text{x}}_{\text{o}}})}{{{A}_{\text{0}}}}$×100%
式中: A0为空白对照液的吸光度; Ax为加入样品溶液后的吸光度; Axo为不加显色剂H2O2色素溶液本底的吸光度。
采用Excel 2010、Statistix 8.1和SPSS 25.0软件进行数据统计分析, 绘图均采用Origin 2018进行绘制分析。
利用Folin-Ciocalteus法, 以纯水(0)管作为空白管, 于760 nm处测定吸光值, 以没食子酸标准品质量浓度(X, μg/mL)为横坐标, 吸光值(Y)为纵坐标, 得到的多酚标准曲线方程为Y=0.2214X+0.019 (r2=0.9991)。在2~10 μg/mL浓度范围内, 线性关系良好。
图1A所示, 乙醇体积分数对白花木瓜多酚提取量的影响呈现出先增加后显著降低的趋势。当乙醇体积分数大于60%时, 白花木瓜多酚提取量发生转变, 从显著增加转变为急速降低, 该转折点多酚提取量最高为(1.84±0.04) mg/g, 显著高于各实验组(P<0.05)。当乙醇体积分数为最低15%时, 白花木瓜多酚提取量也最低, 仅有(1.27±0.05) mg/g, 这可能是由于乙醇体积分数较小, 复合物之间的氢键和疏水键不容易被破坏。当乙醇体积分数为60%~75%时, 该段白花木瓜多酚提取量的曲线斜率最大, 下降速度最快, 这可能是由于当乙醇体积分数过高时, 会溶解浸出很多其他脂溶性物质, 多酚提取量因此出现大幅度降低。最终选择乙醇体积分数55%、60%、65%作为正交实验的筛选范围。
研究结果如图1B所示, 在料液比为(1:10)~(1:30) (g/mL)时, 料液比与白花木瓜多酚提取量呈正相关, 当料液比高于1:30 (g/mL)二者呈负相关。当料液比为1:30 (g/mL)时, 白花木瓜多酚提取量最高, 为(2.04±0.02) mg/g, 显著高于其他实验组(P<0.05)。产生这种现象的原因可能是, 当料液比达到1:30 (g/mL)时, 多酚的浸出已近乎饱和状态。而当溶剂含量持续增加, 会致使白花木瓜中的醇溶性杂质溶出, 过多的溶剂不仅会对已提取出的多酚进行稀释, 导致其在溶液中的浓度下降, 从而致使最终获取的多酚提取量减少[1], 而且还会造成溶剂的浪费。因此, 正交实验的筛选范围选择料液比1:25、1:30、1:35 (g/mL)。
在乙醇体积分数60%、料液比1:20 (g/mL)、超声时间50 min条件下, 不同超声温度对白花木瓜多酚提取效果的影响如图1C所示。由图1C可知, 超声温度在30~80 ℃区间内白花木瓜多酚的提取率呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。超声温度在30~40 ℃时, 白花木瓜多酚提取量的增加速率最为显著, 在温度为50 ℃时, 白花木瓜的多酚的提取量显著高于其他实验组(P<0.05), 提取量为(1.50±0.01) mg/g。超声温度过高会导致多酚的提取量出现下降的趋势, 这可能是由于温度过高时多酚物质的结构稳定性降低, 易被破坏或者发生不可逆的反应[36]。综上, 选择超声温度45、50、55 ℃作为正交实验的筛选范围。
超声时间对白花木瓜多酚提取效果的影响如图1D所示, 随超声时间的不断延长, 白花木瓜多酚提取量呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。当超声时间小于90 min时, 白花木瓜的多酚提取量不断增加; 当超声时间为90 min时, 白花木瓜的多酚提取量达到最高, 为(1.73±0.01) mg/g; 当超声时间大于90 min后, 白花木瓜多酚提取量反而不断下降。发生这种现象可能是由于当超声时间较短时多酚与蛋白质、多糖等物质形成的复合物较为稳定不易发生分离, 导致多酚提取量偏低; 而当超声时间过长则会破坏多酚的结构, 使多酚与氧气的接触时间较长, 多酚易被氧化或分解, 造成多酚提取量的降低。因此, 选择提取时间80、90、100 min作为正交实验的筛选范围。
根据单因素实验结果, 选出最优条件及其相邻的条件进行正交实验, 进一步优化白花木瓜多酚提取工艺, 得到白花木瓜多酚提取量, 结果见表3
表3中的极差R值分析可得, 影响白花木瓜多酚提取量的顺序为: 乙醇体积分数(A)>超声时间(D)>超声温度(C)>料液比(B)。由K值可知, 白花木瓜中多酚提取的最佳工艺为A2B1C3D2, 即乙醇体积分数60%、料液比1:25 (g/mL)、超声温度55 ℃、超声时间90 min, 该条件下多酚提取量为2.22 mg/g。
在样品质量浓度为0.2~1.0 mg/mL时, 测定白花木瓜多酚的总还原能力, 结果如图2A所示, 随着样品浓度不断的增加, 两种样品的总还原能力不断增强, 当样品质量浓度达到1.0 mg/mL时, 白花木瓜多酚和维生素C的总还原能力分别为2.41±0.02和2.29±0.08。这说明白花木瓜多酚的还原能力极强, 在同等浓度下超过维生素C的还原能力,当样品质量浓度为0.6 mg/mL时, 白花木瓜多酚的还原能力较维生素C提高了30%。
在样品质量浓度为0.2~1.0 mg/mL时, 测定白花木瓜多酚DPPH自由基清除能力, 结果如图2B所示。由图2B可知, 当样品质量浓度为0.2 mg/mL时, 白花木瓜多酚对DPPH自由基清除能力为71.06%±1.06%, 而维生素C只有53.09%±2.99%。当样品质量浓度在0.2~1.0 mg/mL时, 随着样品质量浓度的不断提高, 两种样品对DPPH自由基清除率也呈现增加趋势, 并且在不同质量浓度下白花木瓜多酚对DPPH自由基清除能力相对维生素C较好。当质量浓度达到1.0 mg/mL时, 白花木瓜多酚与维生素C对DPPH自由基的清除能力接近, 分别为89.33%±0.24%和86.05%±0.39%。综上所述, 白花木瓜多酚具有较强的DPPH自由基的清除能力。
在样品质量浓度为0.2~1.0 mg/mL时, 测定白花木瓜多酚羟基自由基清除能力, 结果见图2C。由图2C可以看出, 当样品质量浓度为0.2~0.8 mg/mL时, 维生素C对羟自由基的清除能力高于白花木瓜多酚。当样品质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL时, 白花木瓜多酚和维生素C对羟自由基的清除能力分别为81.30%±1.27%和80.94%±0.41%, 无显著性差异(P>0.05), 表明白花木瓜多酚具有一定的羟基自由基清除能力。
本研究采用超声辅助提取法与福林酚法, 通过单因素实验选定白花木瓜多酚提取工艺的最优范围, 并通过正交实验进一步优化白花木瓜多酚提取工艺, 结果显示: 乙醇体积分数60%、料液比1:25 (g/mL)、超声温度55 ℃、超声时间90 min为白花木瓜中多酚的最佳提取工艺, 在该条件下白花木瓜多酚提取量为2.22 mg/g。在此基础上, 通过对白花木瓜多酚的抗氧化能力进行测定, 结果显示当样品质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL时, 白花木瓜多酚还原能力为2.41±0.02, DPPH自由基清除能力为89.33%±0.24%, 羟自由基清除能力为81.30%±1.27%, 均高于维生素C (2.29±0.08、86.05%±0.39%、80.94%±0.41%), 说明白花木瓜多酚具有较好的抗氧化活性, 是一种理想的抗氧化剂, 有较好的应用前景。本研究为白花木瓜多酚类物质的开发和工业化生产提供了理论依据。
  • 临沧市科技创新人才项目(202304AC100001-RC03)
  • 云南口岸经济中缅沿边产业及民族文化研究专项(DXZX202402)
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2025年第16卷第6期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241101001
  • 接收时间:2024-11-01
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-01
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临沧市科技创新人才项目(202304AC100001-RC03)
云南口岸经济中缅沿边产业及民族文化研究专项(DXZX202402)
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    1.滇西科技师范学院生物技术与工程学院, 临沧 677000
    2.成都大学食品与生物工程学院, 成都 610106

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* 周启武(1987—), 男, 硕士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与营养功能研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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