Article(id=1153429500437188938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153429493357203682, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240819006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723996800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752928622588, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752928622588, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752928622588, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752928622588, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153429493357203682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752928620900, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758690311058, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177595773500932351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153429493357203682, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177595773500932352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153429493357203682, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=86, endPage=93, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153429501036974427, articleId=1153429500437188938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Extraction and isolation of Morchella eohespera mycelium extracellular polysaccharides and its hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, columnId=1151895322591638525, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Functional Foods and Functional Components, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To study the Morchella eohespera mycelium extracellular polysaccharides (MEP), purify MEP-H and MEP-N by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography, and analyze their physicochemical properties, hypoglycemic activities, and antioxidant activities in vitro. Methods The physicochemical properties of MEP-H and MEP-N were studied by carbohydrate content determination, analysis of ultraviolet scanning, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The hypoglycemic activities and antioxidant activities of MEP-H and MEP-N were evaluated by α-amylase inhibition rate, α-glucosidase inhibition rate, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS) cationic free radical scavenging ability, reducing power and superoxide anion scavenging ability. Results The carbohydrate content of MEP-H and MEP-N was (78.12±0.14)% and (77.37±0.03)%, respectively. Hypoglycemic studies showed that at a mass concentration of 0.75 mg/mL, MEP-H and MEP-N had the highest α-amylase inhibition rates, which were (8.06±1.93)% and (11.08±1.05)%, respectively; at a mass concentration of 0.50 mg/mL, MEP-H and MEP-N had the highest α-glucosidase inhibition rates, which were (74.93±2.72)% and (69.48±2.97)%, respectively. Antioxidant studies showed that MEP-H and MEP-N achieved the best DPPH free radical scavenging activity at mass concentrations of 4 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, with scavenging rates of (47.54±10.88)% and (47.16±6.91)%, respectively; at a mass concentration of 8 mg/mL, the maximum ABTS cationic free radical scavenging rates of MEP-H and MEP-N were (8.67±0.53)% and (17.00±4.21)%, respectively, the maximum reducing power absorbance values were 0.13±0.004 and 0.17±0.008 respectively, and the maximum superoxide anion scavenging rates were (40.95±6.02)% and (29.87±3.18)%, respectively. Conclusion Both MEP-H and MEP-N, the extracellular polysaccharides from the mycelium of Morchella eohespera, exhibit hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on liquid fermentation of Morchella eohespera.

, correspAuthors=Bing LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bing LIU, Pei LI, Xin-Yu ZENG, Xiao-Chun LIU, Ming-Yang ZOU, Shan LIN, Ping ZHAO, Jian-Xiong CAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153429529365303326, articleId=1153429500437188938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=三地羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖分离纯化及降血糖和抗氧化活性研究, columnId=1151895323909124661, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 以三地羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖(Morchella eohespera mycelium extracellular polysaccharides, MEP)为研究对象, 采用DEAE琼脂糖凝胶FF (DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow)柱层析纯化得到多糖MEP-H和MEP-N, 分别对其理化性质、体外降血糖活性和抗氧化活性进行分析。方法 通过碳水化合物含量测定、紫外扫描分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析和扫描电子显微镜对多糖MEP-H和MEP-N进行理化性质研究; 通过α-淀粉酶抑制率、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除能力、2,2'-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt, ABTS]阳离子自由基清除能力、还原力和超氧阴离子清除能力, 评价MEP-H和MEP-N的体外降血糖活性和抗氧化活性。结果 三地羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖MEP-H和MEP-N碳水化合物含量分别为(78.12±0.14)%和(77.37±0.03)%。降血糖研究表明, 当质量浓度0.75 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N对α-淀粉酶抑制率最高, 分别为(8.06±1.93%)和(11.08±1.05)%; 质量浓度0.50 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率最高, 分别为(74.93±2.72)%和(69.48±2.97)%。抗氧化研究表明, MEP-H和MEP-N在质量浓度分别为4 mg/mL、2 mg/mL时达到最佳DPPH自由基清除活性, 清除率分别为(47.54±10.88)%和(47.16±6.91)%; 质量浓度为8 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N的最大ABTS阳离子自由基清除率分别为(8.67±0.53)%和(17.00±4.21)%, 最大还原力吸光值分别为0.13±0.004和0.17±0.008, 最大超氧阴离子清除率分别为(40.95±6.02)%和(29.87±3.18)%。结论 羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖MEP-H和MEP-N均具有降血糖活性和抗氧化活性, 本研究为液态发酵羊肚菌的深入研究提供了理论依据。

, correspAuthors=刘冰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 刘冰(1988—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食药资源开发、农产品加工与副产物综合利用等。E-mail:
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三地羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖分离纯化及降血糖和抗氧化活性研究
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刘冰 1, * , 李沛 1 , 曾馨俞 1 , 刘小春 1 , 邹名洋 1 , 林杉 1 , 赵萍 1 , 曹建雄 2
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分 2025,16(5): 86-93
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分 2025, 16(5): 86-93
三地羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖分离纯化及降血糖和抗氧化活性研究
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刘冰1, * , 李沛1, 曾馨俞1, 刘小春1, 邹名洋1, 林杉1, 赵萍1, 曹建雄2
作者信息
  • 1.兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院, 兰州 730050
  • 2.兰州理工大学理学院, 兰州 730050

通讯作者:

* 刘冰(1988—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食药资源开发、农产品加工与副产物综合利用等。E-mail:
Extraction and isolation of Morchella eohespera mycelium extracellular polysaccharides and its hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities
Bing LIU1, * , Pei LI1, Xin-Yu ZENG1, Xiao-Chun LIU1, Ming-Yang ZOU1, Shan LIN1, Ping ZHAO1, Jian-Xiong CAO2
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
  • 2. School of Science, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240819006
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目的 以三地羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖(Morchella eohespera mycelium extracellular polysaccharides, MEP)为研究对象, 采用DEAE琼脂糖凝胶FF (DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow)柱层析纯化得到多糖MEP-H和MEP-N, 分别对其理化性质、体外降血糖活性和抗氧化活性进行分析。方法 通过碳水化合物含量测定、紫外扫描分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析和扫描电子显微镜对多糖MEP-H和MEP-N进行理化性质研究; 通过α-淀粉酶抑制率、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除能力、2,2'-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt, ABTS]阳离子自由基清除能力、还原力和超氧阴离子清除能力, 评价MEP-H和MEP-N的体外降血糖活性和抗氧化活性。结果 三地羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖MEP-H和MEP-N碳水化合物含量分别为(78.12±0.14)%和(77.37±0.03)%。降血糖研究表明, 当质量浓度0.75 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N对α-淀粉酶抑制率最高, 分别为(8.06±1.93%)和(11.08±1.05)%; 质量浓度0.50 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率最高, 分别为(74.93±2.72)%和(69.48±2.97)%。抗氧化研究表明, MEP-H和MEP-N在质量浓度分别为4 mg/mL、2 mg/mL时达到最佳DPPH自由基清除活性, 清除率分别为(47.54±10.88)%和(47.16±6.91)%; 质量浓度为8 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N的最大ABTS阳离子自由基清除率分别为(8.67±0.53)%和(17.00±4.21)%, 最大还原力吸光值分别为0.13±0.004和0.17±0.008, 最大超氧阴离子清除率分别为(40.95±6.02)%和(29.87±3.18)%。结论 羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖MEP-H和MEP-N均具有降血糖活性和抗氧化活性, 本研究为液态发酵羊肚菌的深入研究提供了理论依据。

三地羊肚菌菌丝体  /  胞外多糖  /  理化性质  /  降血糖活性  /  抗氧化活性

Objective To study the Morchella eohespera mycelium extracellular polysaccharides (MEP), purify MEP-H and MEP-N by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography, and analyze their physicochemical properties, hypoglycemic activities, and antioxidant activities in vitro. Methods The physicochemical properties of MEP-H and MEP-N were studied by carbohydrate content determination, analysis of ultraviolet scanning, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The hypoglycemic activities and antioxidant activities of MEP-H and MEP-N were evaluated by α-amylase inhibition rate, α-glucosidase inhibition rate, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS) cationic free radical scavenging ability, reducing power and superoxide anion scavenging ability. Results The carbohydrate content of MEP-H and MEP-N was (78.12±0.14)% and (77.37±0.03)%, respectively. Hypoglycemic studies showed that at a mass concentration of 0.75 mg/mL, MEP-H and MEP-N had the highest α-amylase inhibition rates, which were (8.06±1.93)% and (11.08±1.05)%, respectively; at a mass concentration of 0.50 mg/mL, MEP-H and MEP-N had the highest α-glucosidase inhibition rates, which were (74.93±2.72)% and (69.48±2.97)%, respectively. Antioxidant studies showed that MEP-H and MEP-N achieved the best DPPH free radical scavenging activity at mass concentrations of 4 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, with scavenging rates of (47.54±10.88)% and (47.16±6.91)%, respectively; at a mass concentration of 8 mg/mL, the maximum ABTS cationic free radical scavenging rates of MEP-H and MEP-N were (8.67±0.53)% and (17.00±4.21)%, respectively, the maximum reducing power absorbance values were 0.13±0.004 and 0.17±0.008 respectively, and the maximum superoxide anion scavenging rates were (40.95±6.02)% and (29.87±3.18)%, respectively. Conclusion Both MEP-H and MEP-N, the extracellular polysaccharides from the mycelium of Morchella eohespera, exhibit hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on liquid fermentation of Morchella eohespera.

Morchella eohespera mycelium  /  extracellular polysaccharides  /  physicochemical properties  /  hypoglycemic activity  /  antioxidant activity
刘冰, 李沛, 曾馨俞, 刘小春, 邹名洋, 林杉, 赵萍, 曹建雄. 三地羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖分离纯化及降血糖和抗氧化活性研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (5) : 86 -93 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240819006
Bing LIU, Pei LI, Xin-Yu ZENG, Xiao-Chun LIU, Ming-Yang ZOU, Shan LIN, Ping ZHAO, Jian-Xiong CAO. Extraction and isolation of Morchella eohespera mycelium extracellular polysaccharides and its hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (5) : 86 -93 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240819006
羊肚菌(Morchella esculenta)在世界范围内广泛分布, 因其菌盖形似羊肚而得名[1]。现代药理学研究表明, 羊肚菌具有抗肿瘤[2]、抗氧化[3-4]、免疫调节[5]及降血脂[6-7]等生物活性。羊肚菌逐步成为食品、保健品研究与开发的焦点。但是, 由于羊肚菌野生资源有限, 现阶段液态深层发酵技术仍然是羊肚菌扩大规模培养的主要手段[8-10]
多糖是羊肚菌生物活性多样性的重要物质基础[11]。本课题组前期已经对甘肃省野生三地羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖(Morchella eohespera mycelium extracellular polysaccharides, MEP)液态发酵培养基配方进行优化, 并进行了胞外粗多糖的制备及降血糖活性评价[12]。但是, 并未对MEP进行进一步分离纯化及活性评价。
因此, 本研究以MEP为研究对象, 采用DEAE琼脂糖凝胶FF (DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow)柱层析纯化得到多糖MEP-H和MEP-N, 分别对其理化性质、体外降血糖活性和抗氧化活性进行分析, 为三地羊肚菌多糖研究提供基础, 为羊肚菌相关产品开发提供理论依据。
DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow(北京索莱宝科技有限公司); α-淀粉酶(2000 U/g)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(300000 U/g)(上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)、2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸[2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt, ABTS][纯度98%, 迈瑞尔(上海)化学技术有限公司]; 铁氰化钾(分析纯, 天津市凯信化学工业有限公司)。
Cary50紫外分光光度计(美国瓦里安公司); IFS66V/S傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(德国布鲁克公司); 680 i-Mark酶标仪(美国伯乐公司); Easy NanoScan多功能桌面式扫描电镜(麦克奥迪实业集团有限公司); FA2004电子天平(精度0.001 g, 上海良平仪器仪表有限公司)。
按照林杉等[12]建立方法进行三地羊肚菌菌丝体胞外粗多糖的制备, 发酵液离心取上清液, 旋转蒸发至原体积1/10, 加入无水乙醇, 4 ℃条件下沉淀多糖。加无水乙醇, 离心充分洗涤沉淀。使用Sevag法除蛋白, 考马斯亮蓝法和紫外扫描检测(波长260 nm)至无蛋白。再次醇沉、离心, 加蒸馏水复溶, 冷冻干燥得到羊肚菌胞外粗多糖。
采用湿法装柱法将DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow填料装于层析柱(1.6 cm×60 cm)中, 将100 mg多糖样品离心(8000 r/min, 10 min)除杂后上样于层析柱中, 以浓度为0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1.0 mol/L的NaCl溶液进行梯度洗脱, 收集洗脱组分, 测定多糖含量。将各洗脱组分旋蒸浓缩后转移至3500 Da透析袋, 经流动水、蒸馏水透析各24 h后冷冻干燥, 得到不同组分的液态发酵羊肚菌胞外多糖MEP-H和MEP-N[13]
(1)碳水化合物含量测定
采用苯酚-硫酸法[14]测定多糖中碳水化合物的含量。取10支洁净的试管, 加0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9 mL葡萄糖标准溶液, 加蒸馏水补至1 mL, 再加入25 μL 80%苯酚溶液, 混匀后加入浓硫酸2.5 mL, 待溶液充分反应后, 30 ℃水浴30 min。在490 nm处测定吸光值, 以葡萄糖质量浓度为横坐标, 吸光值为纵坐标, 绘制标准曲线。样品测定同标准曲线。
(2)紫外扫描分析
将不同组分的多糖配制成2 mg/mL的溶液, 于紫外可见分光光度计190~400 nm波长范围内进行扫描。
(3)多糖的红外表征
取干燥的多糖样品2.0 mg, 加少许干燥的KBr, 充分研磨, 均匀后, 压片。在傅里叶变换红外光谱仪上扫描分析, 扫描范围: 4000~400 cm-1
将羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖MEP-H和MEP-N经过冷冻干燥制成白色絮状物, 用扫描电镜观察多糖结构[15]
(1) α-淀粉酶抑制活性
采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸(3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, DNS)比色法测定多糖的α-淀粉酶抑制活性[16-17]。37 ℃条件下, 将0.4 mL的α-淀粉酶(2 U/mL)溶液与0.2 mL不同质量浓度(0.10、0.25、0.50、0.75和1.00 mg/mL)的多糖水溶液混合, 反应10 min, 加0.3 mL 5%淀粉溶液, 反应10 min, 再加入2 mL的DNS试剂, 混合液于沸水浴15 min, 冷却后, 测量在540 nm处的吸光值, 以阿卡波糖作阳性对照, 按照公式(1)计算α-淀粉酶抑制活性。
$\text { 抑制率 } / \%=\left(1-\frac{A_{1}-A_{2}}{A_{0}-A_{3}}\right) \times 100 \%$
式中: A1: 样品实验组吸光值; A0: 空白对照组(以等体积pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline, PBS)代替样品溶液)吸光值; A2: 样品空白组(以等体积pH 6.8 PBS取代α-淀粉酶溶液)吸光值; A3: 对照空白组(以等体积蒸馏水和pH 6.8 PBS分别取代待测溶液和α-淀粉酶溶液)吸光值。
(2) α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
参考ZHONG等[18]和LIU等[19]的方法测定多糖的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。37 ℃条件下, 100 μL α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液(0.5 U/mL)与50 μL不同质量浓度(0.10、0.25、0.50、0.75和1.00 mg/mL)多糖水溶液混合, 反应10 min, 加入100 μL β-D-葡糖苷酶底物(5 mmol/L), 反应20 min, 再加入1 mL 1 mol/L Na2CO3溶液, 测量在405 nm处的吸光值, 以阿卡波糖作阳性对照。按照公式(1)计算α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。
(1) DPPH自由基清除能力
DPPH自由基清除活性按沈佳琳[20]报道的方法, 并略做修改。将50 μL不同质量浓度(1、2、4、6、8 mg/mL)的多糖样品溶液加入96孔板, 再加入25 μL现配的0.4 mmol/L DPPH无水乙醇溶液, 100 μL蒸馏水, 混匀, 常温暗处反应30 min, 于波长517 nm处测吸光值, 记为B1。用无水乙醇溶液代替B1中的DPPH溶液, 步骤同B1, 记为B2。用蒸馏水代替B1中不同浓度多糖样品溶液, 步骤同B1, 记为B0, 以维生素C (vitamin C, VC)为阳性对照。每组实验平行3次。DPPH自由基清除结果按公式(2)计算:
$\text { 清除率/%}=\left(1-\frac{B_{1}-B_{2}}{B_{0}}\right) \times 100 \%$
(2) ABTS+自由基清除能力
参考ZHANG等[21]的方法, 稍作修改。将5 mL 7 mmol/L ABTS+溶液与5 mL 4.95 mmol/L K2S2O4溶液混合, 室温暗处放置12 h, 即为ABTS+储备液。用pH 7.4 0.2 mol/L PBS将ABTS+储备液稀释至在734 nm处吸光值为0.70±0.02, 即为ABTS+工作液。将20 μL不同质量浓度(1、2、4、6、8 mg/mL)的多糖样品溶液加入96孔板, 再加入250 μL ABTS+工作液, 振荡混匀, 室温暗处反应6 min, 于波长734 nm处测吸光值, 记为C1。用PBS代替C1中的ABTS+工作液, 步骤同C1, 记为C2。用蒸馏水代替C1中的不同浓度多糖样品溶液, 步骤同C1, 记为C0, 以VC为阳性对照。ABTS+自由基清除结果按公式(3)计算。
$\text { 清除率 } / \%=\left(1-\frac{C_{1}-C_{2}}{C_{0}}\right) \times 100 \%$
(3)超氧阴离子自由基清除活性
参考秦丹丹等[22]的方法, 稍作修改。将20 μL不同质量浓度(1、2、4、6、8 mg/mL)的多糖样品溶液与180 μL pH 8.2 50 mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐[Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride, Tris-HCl]缓冲液于96孔板混合, 于37 ℃条件下预热20 min, 然后加入20 μL在37 ℃条件下预热的3 mmol/L邻苯三酚溶液, 混匀, 于波长325 nm处测吸光值, 记为D0。用蒸馏水代替D0中的邻苯三酚溶液, 步骤同D0, 记为D1。用蒸馏水代替D0中的不同浓度多糖样品溶液, 步骤同D0, 记为D2, 以VC为阳性对照。超氧阴离子自由基清除活性按公式(4)计算。
$\text { 清除率/%}=\left(1-\frac{D_{1}-D_{2}}{D_{0}}\right) \times 100 \%$
(4)还原力
参考LIANG等[23]的方法, 稍作修改。将不同质量浓度(1、2、4、6、8 mg/mL)的多糖样品溶液取50 μL, 再加入50 μL 1% K3Fe(CN)6溶液和50 μL pH 6.6 0.2 mol/L PBS缓冲液, 混匀后50 ℃水浴20 min, 冷却至室温后, 加入50 μL 10%三氯乙酸溶液和25 μL 0.1% FeCl3溶液, 于波长700 nm处测吸光值, 以VC为阳性对照。还原力按公式(5)计算:
还原力=E1-E2
式中, E1: 多糖样品溶液的吸光值; E2: 蒸馏水代替多糖样品的吸光值。
有效数据均用3组平行实验的平均值表示, 用Excel 2010、OriginPro 2019b、SPSS Statistics 21、GraphPad Prism 8.0.2进行作图与数据分析, 实验结果均以平均值±标准偏差值表示。
MEP洗脱曲线如图1所示, 收集NaCl洗脱浓度为0 mol/L和0.9 mol/L对应多糖组分, 冷冻干燥, 分别命名为MEP-H和MEP-N, 进行下一步实验研究。
羊肚菌多糖MEP-H碳水化合物含量为(78.12±0.14)%, MEP-N碳水化合物含量为(77.37±0.03)%, 说明分离纯化得到的多糖MEP-H和MEP-N纯度较好。
图2a2b所示, 紫外扫描发现MEP-H和MEP-N在260 nm、280 nm波长处无吸收峰, 说明这两种多糖中不含蛋白质和核酸。
MEP-H和MEP-N的红外光谱如图3所示。由图3a3b可知MEP-H和MEP-N具有多糖的特征吸收峰, 在3403 cm-1和3342 cm-1处的吸收峰表示糖分子内或分子间出现了-OH的伸缩振动[24], 在2925 cm-1和2919 cm-1处的较弱吸收峰为C-H伸缩振动, 1639 cm-1和1647 cm-1处的弱峰为C=O不对称和对称拉伸振动, 1404 cm-1和1424 cm-1处为多糖分子中C-H的伸缩振动吸收峰, 1097 cm-1和1108 cm-1则表示吡喃环中的C-O的伸缩振动[2527]
MEP-H和MEP-N的扫描电镜如图4所示。由图4a可知, MEP-H主要呈现致密的片状和碎屑状结构, 多糖片状结构较为清晰, 存在大小不一的孔洞, 这可能是由于多糖内分子交联程度较高, 结构紧密。由图4b可知, MEP-N整体聚集成团, 表面凹凸不平, 有明显的孔洞, 且孔径大小不一。通过扫描电镜图可以看出两者表面形态存在差异, 可能是由于MEP-H和MEP-N的相对分子质量、化学组成等不同[28]
图5a可知, MEP-H和MEP-N均具有抑制α-淀粉酶活性, 在0.10~0.75 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N的α-淀粉酶抑制活性随着质量浓度的升高而增强, 且MEP-H的抑制活性低于MEP-N, 但随着质量浓度的继续升高, MEP-H的活性较高于MEP-N。在0.75 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N的α-淀粉酶抑制活性最好, 其抑制率分别为(8.06±1.93)%和(11.08±1.05)%, 均低于阿卡波糖的抑制率。当质量浓度达到1.00 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N对α-淀粉酶的抑制率不再增强, 说明多糖对α-淀粉酶的抑制活性具有饱和效应[29]
图5b可知, MEP-H和MEP-N对α-葡萄糖苷酶均有很好的抑制效果, 且在一定质量浓度范围内呈现出明显的剂量效应关系, MEP-H和MEP-N在质量浓度为0.50 mg/mL时达到最佳抑制活性, 抑制率分别为(74.93±2.72)%和(69.48±2.97)%。随后, 随着质量浓度的升高, MEP-H和MEP-N对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性逐渐降低。有研究表明蛹虫草多糖在一定质量浓度范围内, 质量浓度越高, 对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率越高, 但当质量浓度较高或多糖高级结构发生改变时, 其对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制作用会趋于平缓甚至下降[30], 本研究结果中羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖也表现出相同的趋势。
MEP-H和MEP-N对DPPH自由基清除活性如图6a所示, 在一定质量浓度范围内, MEP-H、MEP-N对DPPH自由基的清除能力整体上随着质量浓度的升高而增强, 但均低于VC的清除能力。MEP-H和MEP-N在质量浓度分别为4 mg/mL、2 mg/mL时达到最佳DPPH自由基清除活性, 清除率分别为(47.54±10.88)%和(47.16±6.91)%。MEP-H和MEP-N对ABTS+自由基清除活性如图6b所示, 在1~8 mg/mL质量浓度范围内, MEP-H和MEP-N对ABTS+自由基有一定清除作用, 随着质量浓度的增加, 其清除能力整体上逐渐增强, 但均低于阳性对照VC。当质量浓度为8 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N对ABTS+自由基清除率达到最佳, 清除率分别为(8.67±0.53)%和(17.00±4.21)%。MEP-H和MEP-N对超氧阴离子自由基清除活性如图6c所示, 在1~8 mg/mL质量浓度范围内, MEP-H和MEP-N的超氧阴离子自由基清除能力整体上随着质量浓度的增加而增强, 但显著低于阳性对照VC。当质量浓度为8 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N对超氧阴离子的清除率分别为(40.95±6.02)%和(29.87±3.18)%。MEP-H和MEP-N的总还原力如图6d所示, 在1~8 mg/mL质量浓度范围内, MEP-H和MEP-N的总还原力均远低于阳性对照VC。此外, 当质量浓度为8 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N的最大还原力吸光值分别为0.13±0.004和0.17±0.008。
多糖是羊肚菌生物活性多样性的重要物质基础[11]。本研究表明, 三地羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖MEP-H和MEP-N均具有良好的降血糖活性。文献报道了羊肚菌多糖可以抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶活性并可以抑制血液中葡萄糖的扩散速率[29], 与本研究结果一致。本研究中降血糖活性研究同样采用了对α-淀粉酶抑制率和对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为评价指标, MEP-H和MEP-N表现出对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性更为显著。当质量浓度0.75 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N对α-淀粉酶抑制率最高, 而质量浓度0.5 mg/mL时, MEP-H和MEP-N对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率表现较好, 表明MEP-H和MEP-N在不同浓度对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性表现不同。本研究还表明, 三地羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖MEP-H和MEP-N均具有良好的抗氧化活性。MEP-H和MEP-N在质量浓度分别为4 mg/mL、2 mg/mL时达到最高DPPH自由基清除活性, 而质量浓度为8 mg/mL时, 表现出ABTS+自由基清除率、总还原力和超氧阴离子清除率最高, 表明MEP-H和MEP-N在不同浓度对抗氧化活性表现不同。多糖生物活性的差异性体现可能与其化学结构密切相关[31-32], 未来可以对MEP-H和MEP-N进行进一步的结构解析, 并对其活性和构效关系进行深入研究。
本研究对MEP进行纯化, 得到多糖MEP-H和MEP-N。羊肚菌菌丝体胞外多糖MEP-H和MEP-N碳水化合物含量分别为(78.12±0.14)%和(77.37±0.03)%, 紫外扫描分析表明MEP-H和MEP-N不含蛋白质和核酸, 红外光谱分析表明MEP-H和MEP-N具有多糖的特征吸收峰。MEP-H和MEP-N均具有良好的α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性, 其中对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性更为显著; 通过DPPH自由基清除活性、ABTS+自由基清除活性、超氧阴离子自由基清除活性以及总还原力实验, 表明MEP-H和MEP-N均具有良好的抗氧化活性。本研究结果为液态发酵羊肚菌的深入研究提供了理论依据, 同时为羊肚菌胞外多糖在食品和医药行业的应用奠定基础。
  • 甘肃省知识产权计划项目(22ZSCQ005)
  • 甘肃省知识产权计划项目(22ZSCQ008)
  • 兰州理工大学博士科研启动基金项目(062002)
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2025年第16卷第5期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240819006
  • 接收时间:2024-08-19
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-19
基金
甘肃省知识产权计划项目(22ZSCQ005)
甘肃省知识产权计划项目(22ZSCQ008)
兰州理工大学博士科研启动基金项目(062002)
作者信息
    1.兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院, 兰州 730050
    2.兰州理工大学理学院, 兰州 730050

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* 刘冰(1988—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食药资源开发、农产品加工与副产物综合利用等。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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