Article(id=1153429495282389222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153429493357203682, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729785600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752928621358, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752928621358, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752928621358, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752928621358, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153429493357203682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752928620900, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758690311058, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177595773500932351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153429493357203682, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177595773500932352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153429493357203682, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=104, endPage=111, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153429495789900010, articleId=1153429495282389222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Amino acid composition and nutritional evaluation of 10 kinds of livestock meats and products in Hunan Province, columnId=1151895322591638525, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Functional Foods and Functional Components, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To analyze and evaluate amino acid composition and content of 10 kinds of livestock meats and products in Hunan Province. Methods Kjeltee2300 automatic nitrogen determinator kjeldahl apparatus was used to determine the proteins in 10 kinds of livestock meats and products in Hunan Province. Amino acid composition was measured using membra Pure GmbH A300 automatic amino acid analyzer. The nutritional value of livestock meats and products was evaluated by the amino acid score method. Results There were 17 kinds of amino acids in livestock meats and products except stewed meat with smallpox fungus without proline and sour soup beef without methionine. The content of protein, amino acids and essential amino acids in stir fried pork jerky with red pepper were the highest, which were 19.50, 15.98, 5.98 g/100 g, respectively. The content of lysine in essential amino acids in 10 kinds of livestock meats and products was the highest, Except for leucine, which had the highest essential amino acid content (1.25 g/100 g) in handmade pig blood meatball, all others had the highest lysine content, which were stewed meat with smallpox fungus (0.24 g/100 g), Pingshang omasum (0.38 g/100 g), sour meat (0.49 g/100 g), sour soup beef (0.80 g/100 g), steamed pork balls with pork heart (0.96 g/100 g), large chunks of beef (1.09 g/100 g), stir fried large pieces of meat with wheat sauce (1.16 g/100 g), stir-fried smoked pork (1.36 g/100 g), stir fried pork jerky with red pepper (1.38 g/100 g) respectively, except the content of leucine in essential amino acids in handmade pig blood meatball was the highest (1.25 g/100 g). The content of lysine in 10 kinds of livestock meats and products except Pingshang omasum (50.67 mg/g protein), including steamed pork balls with pork heart (73.85 mg/g protein), large chunks of beef (80.15 mg/g protein), sour meat (64.47 mg/g protein), stewed meat with smallpox fungus (114.29 mg/g protein), stir-fried smoked pork (87.74 mg/g protein), stir fried large pieces of meat with wheat sauce (70.73 mg/g protein), sour soup beef (77.67 mg/g protein), handmade pig blood meatball (63.19 mg/g protein), stir fried pork jerky with red pepper (70.77 mg/g protein), were higher than the (World Health Organization) WHO/(Food and Agriculture Organization) FAO model value (55 mg/g protein) and ovalbumin pattern value (55 mg/g protein). The limited amino acid in 10 kinds of livestock meats and products was isoleucine or valine. Conclusion Excellent lysine content and high nutritional value in livestock meats and products; it is possible to combine the consumption of foods rich in isoleucine or valine to construct a reasonable diet and enhance their nutritional value.

, correspAuthors=Bi-Zhen WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jia-Xin ZUO, Dong-Yang CHEN, Lin WANG, Bi-Zhen WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153429496138027246, articleId=1153429495282389222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=湖南产地10种畜肉类及其制品氨基酸组成分析及营养评价, columnId=1151895323909124661, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 分析评价湖南产地10种畜肉类及制品中氨基酸组成及含量。方法 分别采用Kjeltee2300自动凯氏定氮仪和曼默博尔A300全自动氨基酸分析仪, 对湖南产地10种畜肉类及制品的蛋白质和氨基酸进行测定并进行氨基酸成分分析; 采用氨基酸评分法对营养价值进行评价。结果 除了天花菌炖肉不含脯氨酸和酸汤牛肉不含蛋氨酸外, 其余畜肉类及制品均含17种氨基酸; 猪干巴炒红椒中蛋白质、总氨基酸及必需氨基酸含量3者均最高, 分别为19.50、15.98、5.98 g/100 g; 10种畜肉类及制品中, 除了手工猪血丸子的必需氨基酸中亮氨酸含量最高(1.25 g/100 g)外, 其余均为赖氨酸含量最高, 分别为天花菌炖肉(0.24 g/100 g)、坪上牛百叶(0.38 g/100 g)、酸肉(0.49 g/100 g)、酸汤牛肉(0.80 g/100 g)、猪心蒸肉丸(0.96 g/100 g)、大片牛肉(1.09 g/100 g)、麦酱炒大片肉(1.16 g/100 g)、炒腊肉(1.36 g/100 g)、猪干巴炒红椒(1.38 g/100 g) ; 10种畜肉类及制品中, 除了坪上牛百叶赖氨酸含量(50.67 mg/g蛋白)外, 其余赖氨酸含量均高于世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)/联合国粮农组织(Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO)模式(55 mg/g蛋白)和卵清蛋白模式(55 mg/g蛋白), 分别为猪心蒸肉丸(73.85 mg/g蛋白)、大片牛肉(80.15 mg/g蛋白)、酸肉(64.47 mg/g蛋白)、天花菌炖肉(114.29 mg/g蛋白)、炒腊肉(87.74 mg/g蛋白)、麦酱炒大片肉(70.73 mg/g蛋白)、酸汤牛肉(77.67 mg/g蛋白)、手工猪血丸子(63.19 mg/g蛋白)、猪干巴炒红椒(70.77 mg/g蛋白); 10种畜肉类及制品的限制氨基酸为异亮氨酸或缬氨酸。结论 畜肉类及制品中赖氨酸含量优异, 营养价值高; 可以结合食用富含异亮氨酸或缬氨酸的食物, 构建合理膳食, 提高食用价值。

, correspAuthors=伍碧珍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 伍碧珍(1969—), 女, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为食品营养。E-mail:
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左家信(1986—), 男, 硕士, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

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左家信(1986—), 男, 硕士, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

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journalName=湘菜工业化现状及对策硏究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邓资湘. 湘菜工业化现状及对策硏究[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1177622372606689871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=DENG ZX, journalName=Current situation and countermeasures of Hunan vegetable industrialization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENG ZX. 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Amino acid composition and nutritional evaluation of 9 types of poultry meat and products from Hunan production area[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2024, 15(17): 239-245., articleTitle=Amino acid composition and nutritional evaluation of 9 types of poultry meat and products from Hunan production area, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1177622372426334797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家卫生健康委员会食物成分监测项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1177622370186576420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177622370194965029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, companyId=1177622370186576420, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410153, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177622370203353638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, companyId=1177622370186576420, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南省疾病预防控制中心, 长沙 410153)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1177622371646194243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Composition and content of protein and amino acids in 10 kinds of livestock meats and products in Hunan Province (g/100 g, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分 猪心蒸肉丸 大片牛肉 酸肉 天花菌炖肉 炒腊肉 麦酱炒大片肉 坪上牛百叶 酸汤牛肉 手工猪血
丸子
猪干巴炒
红椒
蛋白质 13.00±0.30 13.60±0.32 7.60±0.21 2.10±0.04 15.50±0.94 16.40±0.35 7.50±0.21 10.30±0.44 16.30±0.54 19.50±0.68
赖氨酸a 0.96±0.06 1.09±0.04 0.49±0.03 0.24±0.01 1.36±0.05 1.16±0.05 0.38±0.01 0.80±0.02 1.03±0.04 1.38±0.05
缬氨酸a 0.47±0.02 0.60±0.02 0.27±0.01 0.06±0.002 0.73±0.02 0.65±0.02 0.19±0.01 0.36±0.01 0.77±0.02 0.71±0.02
苏氨酸a 0.47±0.02 0.56±0.01 0.24±0.01 0.07±0.002 0.74±0.03 0.64±0.02 0.19±0.01 0.40±0.02 0.61±0.02 0.74±0.02
异亮氨酸a 0.41±0.02 0.48±0.01 0.25±0.01 0.06±0.001 0.66±0.02 0.56±0.02 0.15±0.01 0.38±0.01 0.57±0.02 0.68±0.02
苯丙氨酸a 0.46±0.02 0.47±0.02 0.22±0.01 0.05±0.001 0.56±0.03 0.51±0.02 0.18±0.01 0.30±0.01 0.83±0.03 0.55±0.02
蛋氨酸a 0.06±0.001 0.03±0.001 0.08±0.002 0.02±0.001 0.25±0.01 0.04±0.001 0.08±0.002 - 0.02±0.001 0.35±0.01
亮氨酸a 0.81±0.03 1.06±0.03 0.46±0.02 0.09±0.003 1.19±0.05 1.07±0.04 0.28±0.01 0.64±0.02 1.25±0.05 1.26±0.05
色氨酸a 0.18±0.01 0.23±0.01 0.11±0.003 0.03±0.001 0.32±0.02 0.24±0.01 0.07±0.001 0.18±0.01 0.20±0.01 0.31±0.02
谷氨酸b 1.98±0.06 1.79±0.09 1.00±0.05 0.25±0.02 2.38±0.12 2.40±0.12 0.82±0.04 1.79±0.07 2.90±0.13 2.99±0.15
丙氨酸b 0.70±0.02 0.81±0.02 0.35±0.01 0.10±0.001 0.88±0.02 0.92±0.03 0.29±0.01 0.48±0.02 0.79±0.02 0.90±0.02
甘氨酸b 0.66±0.02 0.99±0.02 0.33±0.01 0.10±0.002 0.70±0.02 1.08±0.04 0.45±0.01 0.42±0.02 0.78±0.03 0.75±0.03
脯氨酸b 0.37±0.01 0.68±0.02 0.14±0.01 - 0.40±0.01 0.71±0.02 0.29±0.01 0.29±0.01 0.54±0.02 0.49±0.02
丝氨酸b 0.39±0.01 0.48±0.01 0.28±0.01 0.11±0.01 0.61±0.02 0.62±0.02 0.21±0.01 0.37±0.01 0.82±0.02 0.57±0.02
酪氨酸b 0.37±0.01 0.50±0.02 0.31±0.01 0.14±0.01 0.60±0.02 0.49±0.02 0.27±0.01 0.34±0.01 0.55±0.02 0.62±0.02
组氨酸b 0.45±0.02 0.49±0.01 0.29±0.01 0.16±0.01 0.60±0.02 0.46±0.01 0.22±0.01 0.34±0.01 0.63±0.02 0.83±0.02
天冬氨酸b 1.21±0.04 1.33±0.06 0.66±0.02 0.17±0.01 1.76±0.08 1.59±0.06 0.51±0.02 1.01±0.02 2.16±0.12 1.86±0.09
精氨酸b 0.69±0.02 0.75±0.02 0.34±0.01 0.06±0.002 0.98±0.03 0.93±0.04 0.34±0.01 0.53±0.02 0.99±0.03 0.99±0.04
TAA 10.64±0.39 12.34±0.41 5.82±0.24 1.71±0.09 14.72±0.57 14.07±0.54 4.92±0.19 8.63±0.29 15.44±0.60 15.98±0.62
EAA 3.82±0.18 4.52±0.14 2.12±0.10 0.62±0.02 5.81±0.23 4.87±0.18 1.52±0.06 3.06±0.10 5.28±0.19 5.98±0.21
NEAA 6.82±0.21 7.82±0.27 3.70±0.14 1.09±0.06 8.91±0.34 9.20±0.36 3.40±0.13 5.57±0.19 10.16±0.41 10.00±0.41
EAA/TAA(%) 35.9 36.63 36.43 36.26 39.47 34.61 30.89 35.46 34.2 37.42
EAA/NEAA(%) 56.01 57.8 57.3 56.88 65.21 52.93 44.71 54.94 51.97 59.8
), ArticleFig(id=1177622371725886020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

湖南产地10种畜肉类及制品的蛋白质和氨基酸组成及含量(g/100 g, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分 猪心蒸肉丸 大片牛肉 酸肉 天花菌炖肉 炒腊肉 麦酱炒大片肉 坪上牛百叶 酸汤牛肉 手工猪血
丸子
猪干巴炒
红椒
蛋白质 13.00±0.30 13.60±0.32 7.60±0.21 2.10±0.04 15.50±0.94 16.40±0.35 7.50±0.21 10.30±0.44 16.30±0.54 19.50±0.68
赖氨酸a 0.96±0.06 1.09±0.04 0.49±0.03 0.24±0.01 1.36±0.05 1.16±0.05 0.38±0.01 0.80±0.02 1.03±0.04 1.38±0.05
缬氨酸a 0.47±0.02 0.60±0.02 0.27±0.01 0.06±0.002 0.73±0.02 0.65±0.02 0.19±0.01 0.36±0.01 0.77±0.02 0.71±0.02
苏氨酸a 0.47±0.02 0.56±0.01 0.24±0.01 0.07±0.002 0.74±0.03 0.64±0.02 0.19±0.01 0.40±0.02 0.61±0.02 0.74±0.02
异亮氨酸a 0.41±0.02 0.48±0.01 0.25±0.01 0.06±0.001 0.66±0.02 0.56±0.02 0.15±0.01 0.38±0.01 0.57±0.02 0.68±0.02
苯丙氨酸a 0.46±0.02 0.47±0.02 0.22±0.01 0.05±0.001 0.56±0.03 0.51±0.02 0.18±0.01 0.30±0.01 0.83±0.03 0.55±0.02
蛋氨酸a 0.06±0.001 0.03±0.001 0.08±0.002 0.02±0.001 0.25±0.01 0.04±0.001 0.08±0.002 - 0.02±0.001 0.35±0.01
亮氨酸a 0.81±0.03 1.06±0.03 0.46±0.02 0.09±0.003 1.19±0.05 1.07±0.04 0.28±0.01 0.64±0.02 1.25±0.05 1.26±0.05
色氨酸a 0.18±0.01 0.23±0.01 0.11±0.003 0.03±0.001 0.32±0.02 0.24±0.01 0.07±0.001 0.18±0.01 0.20±0.01 0.31±0.02
谷氨酸b 1.98±0.06 1.79±0.09 1.00±0.05 0.25±0.02 2.38±0.12 2.40±0.12 0.82±0.04 1.79±0.07 2.90±0.13 2.99±0.15
丙氨酸b 0.70±0.02 0.81±0.02 0.35±0.01 0.10±0.001 0.88±0.02 0.92±0.03 0.29±0.01 0.48±0.02 0.79±0.02 0.90±0.02
甘氨酸b 0.66±0.02 0.99±0.02 0.33±0.01 0.10±0.002 0.70±0.02 1.08±0.04 0.45±0.01 0.42±0.02 0.78±0.03 0.75±0.03
脯氨酸b 0.37±0.01 0.68±0.02 0.14±0.01 - 0.40±0.01 0.71±0.02 0.29±0.01 0.29±0.01 0.54±0.02 0.49±0.02
丝氨酸b 0.39±0.01 0.48±0.01 0.28±0.01 0.11±0.01 0.61±0.02 0.62±0.02 0.21±0.01 0.37±0.01 0.82±0.02 0.57±0.02
酪氨酸b 0.37±0.01 0.50±0.02 0.31±0.01 0.14±0.01 0.60±0.02 0.49±0.02 0.27±0.01 0.34±0.01 0.55±0.02 0.62±0.02
组氨酸b 0.45±0.02 0.49±0.01 0.29±0.01 0.16±0.01 0.60±0.02 0.46±0.01 0.22±0.01 0.34±0.01 0.63±0.02 0.83±0.02
天冬氨酸b 1.21±0.04 1.33±0.06 0.66±0.02 0.17±0.01 1.76±0.08 1.59±0.06 0.51±0.02 1.01±0.02 2.16±0.12 1.86±0.09
精氨酸b 0.69±0.02 0.75±0.02 0.34±0.01 0.06±0.002 0.98±0.03 0.93±0.04 0.34±0.01 0.53±0.02 0.99±0.03 0.99±0.04
TAA 10.64±0.39 12.34±0.41 5.82±0.24 1.71±0.09 14.72±0.57 14.07±0.54 4.92±0.19 8.63±0.29 15.44±0.60 15.98±0.62
EAA 3.82±0.18 4.52±0.14 2.12±0.10 0.62±0.02 5.81±0.23 4.87±0.18 1.52±0.06 3.06±0.10 5.28±0.19 5.98±0.21
NEAA 6.82±0.21 7.82±0.27 3.70±0.14 1.09±0.06 8.91±0.34 9.20±0.36 3.40±0.13 5.57±0.19 10.16±0.41 10.00±0.41
EAA/TAA(%) 35.9 36.63 36.43 36.26 39.47 34.61 30.89 35.46 34.2 37.42
EAA/NEAA(%) 56.01 57.8 57.3 56.88 65.21 52.93 44.71 54.94 51.97 59.8
), ArticleFig(id=1177622371797189189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Composition and comparative analysis of EAA in 10 kinds of livestock meats and products in Hunan Province (mg/g protein)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 猪心蒸
肉丸
大片
牛肉
酸肉 天花菌
炖肉
炒腊肉 麦酱炒
大片肉
坪上
牛百叶
酸汤
牛肉
手工猪血
丸子
猪干巴
炒红椒
WHO/FAO
模式值
卵清蛋白模式值
苏氨酸 36.15 41.18 31.58 33.33 47.74 39.02 25.33 38.84 37.42 37.95 40 51
缬氨酸 36.15 44.12 35.53 28.57 47.10 39.63 25.33 34.95 47.24 36.41 50 64
异亮氨酸 31.54 35.29 32.90 28.57 42.58 34.15 20.00 36.89 34.97 34.87 40 66
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 63.85 71.32 69.74 90.48 74.84 60.98 60.00 62.14 84.66 60.00 60 100
亮氨酸 62.31 77.94 60.53 42.86 76.77 65.24 37.33 62.14 76.69 64.62 70 73
赖氨酸 73.85 80.15 64.47 114.29 87.74 70.73 50.67 77.67 63.19 70.77 55 55
色氨酸 13.85 16.91 14.47 14.29 20.65 14.63 9.33 17.48 12.27 15.90 10 16
总含量 317.69 366.91 309.21 352.38 397.42 324.39 228.00 330.10 356.44 320.51 325 425
), ArticleFig(id=1177622371868492358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

湖南产地10种畜肉类及制品中EAA的组成及比较分析(mg/g蛋白)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 猪心蒸
肉丸
大片
牛肉
酸肉 天花菌
炖肉
炒腊肉 麦酱炒
大片肉
坪上
牛百叶
酸汤
牛肉
手工猪血
丸子
猪干巴
炒红椒
WHO/FAO
模式值
卵清蛋白模式值
苏氨酸 36.15 41.18 31.58 33.33 47.74 39.02 25.33 38.84 37.42 37.95 40 51
缬氨酸 36.15 44.12 35.53 28.57 47.10 39.63 25.33 34.95 47.24 36.41 50 64
异亮氨酸 31.54 35.29 32.90 28.57 42.58 34.15 20.00 36.89 34.97 34.87 40 66
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 63.85 71.32 69.74 90.48 74.84 60.98 60.00 62.14 84.66 60.00 60 100
亮氨酸 62.31 77.94 60.53 42.86 76.77 65.24 37.33 62.14 76.69 64.62 70 73
赖氨酸 73.85 80.15 64.47 114.29 87.74 70.73 50.67 77.67 63.19 70.77 55 55
色氨酸 13.85 16.91 14.47 14.29 20.65 14.63 9.33 17.48 12.27 15.90 10 16
总含量 317.69 366.91 309.21 352.38 397.42 324.39 228.00 330.10 356.44 320.51 325 425
), ArticleFig(id=1177622371939795527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

AAS of 10 kinds of livestock meats and products in Hunan Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 猪心蒸
肉丸
大片
牛肉
酸肉 天花菌
炖肉
炒腊肉 麦酱炒
大片肉
坪上
牛百叶
酸汤
牛肉
手工猪血
丸子
猪干巴炒
红椒
苏氨酸 90.38 102.95 78.95 83.32 119.35 97.55 63.32 97.10 93.55 94.88
缬氨酸 72.30 88.24 71.06 57.14 94.20 79.26 50.66 69.90 94.48 72.82
异亮氨酸 78.85 88.22 82.25 71.42 106.45 85.38 50.00 92.22 87.42 87.18
苯丙氨酸+
酪氨酸
106.42 118.87 116.23 150.80 124.73 101.63 100.00 103.57 141.10 100.00
亮氨酸 89.01 111.34 86.47 61.23 109.67 93.20 53.33 88.77 109.56 92.31
赖氨酸 134.27 145.73 117.22 207.80 159.53 128.60 92.13 141.22 114.89 128.67
色氨酸 138.50 169.10 144.70 142.90 206.50 146.30 93.30 174.80 122.70 159.00
), ArticleFig(id=1177622372015293000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

湖南产地10种畜肉类及制品AAS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 猪心蒸
肉丸
大片
牛肉
酸肉 天花菌
炖肉
炒腊肉 麦酱炒
大片肉
坪上
牛百叶
酸汤
牛肉
手工猪血
丸子
猪干巴炒
红椒
苏氨酸 90.38 102.95 78.95 83.32 119.35 97.55 63.32 97.10 93.55 94.88
缬氨酸 72.30 88.24 71.06 57.14 94.20 79.26 50.66 69.90 94.48 72.82
异亮氨酸 78.85 88.22 82.25 71.42 106.45 85.38 50.00 92.22 87.42 87.18
苯丙氨酸+
酪氨酸
106.42 118.87 116.23 150.80 124.73 101.63 100.00 103.57 141.10 100.00
亮氨酸 89.01 111.34 86.47 61.23 109.67 93.20 53.33 88.77 109.56 92.31
赖氨酸 134.27 145.73 117.22 207.80 159.53 128.60 92.13 141.22 114.89 128.67
色氨酸 138.50 169.10 144.70 142.90 206.50 146.30 93.30 174.80 122.70 159.00
), ArticleFig(id=1177622372086596169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

CS of 10 kinds of livestock meats and products in Hunan Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 猪心蒸
肉丸
大片牛肉 酸肉 天花菌
炖肉
炒腊肉 麦酱炒
大片肉
坪上
牛百叶
酸汤
牛肉
手工猪血
丸子
猪干巴炒
红椒
苏氨酸 70.88 80.75 61.92 65.35 93.61 76.51 49.67 76.16 73.37 74.41
缬氨酸 56.48 68.94 55.52 44.64 73.59 61.92 39.58 54.61 73.81 56.89
异亮氨酸 47.79 53.47 49.85 43.29 64.52 51.74 30.30 55.89 52.98 52.83
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 63.85 71.32 69.74 90.48 74.84 60.98 60.00 62.14 84.66 60.00
亮氨酸 85.36 106.77 82.92 58.71 105.16 89.37 51.14 85.12 105.05 88.52
赖氨酸 134.27 145.73 117.22 207.80 159.53 128.60 92.13 141.22 114.89 128.67
色氨酸 86.56 105.69 90.44 89.31 129.06 91.44 58.31 109.25 76.69 99.38
), ArticleFig(id=1177622372153705034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

湖南产地10种畜肉类及制品CS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 猪心蒸
肉丸
大片牛肉 酸肉 天花菌
炖肉
炒腊肉 麦酱炒
大片肉
坪上
牛百叶
酸汤
牛肉
手工猪血
丸子
猪干巴炒
红椒
苏氨酸 70.88 80.75 61.92 65.35 93.61 76.51 49.67 76.16 73.37 74.41
缬氨酸 56.48 68.94 55.52 44.64 73.59 61.92 39.58 54.61 73.81 56.89
异亮氨酸 47.79 53.47 49.85 43.29 64.52 51.74 30.30 55.89 52.98 52.83
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 63.85 71.32 69.74 90.48 74.84 60.98 60.00 62.14 84.66 60.00
亮氨酸 85.36 106.77 82.92 58.71 105.16 89.37 51.14 85.12 105.05 88.52
赖氨酸 134.27 145.73 117.22 207.80 159.53 128.60 92.13 141.22 114.89 128.67
色氨酸 86.56 105.69 90.44 89.31 129.06 91.44 58.31 109.25 76.69 99.38
), ArticleFig(id=1177622372225008203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

RAA, RCAA and SRCAA of EAA of 10 kinds of livestock meats and products in Hunan Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 参数 苏氨酸 赖氨酸 缬氨酸 异亮氨酸 亮氨酸 苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 色氨酸 平均值 SRCAA
猪心蒸肉丸 RAA 0.90 1.34 0.72 0.79 0.89 1.06 1.38 1.01 73.95
RCAA 0.89 1.33 0.71 0.78 0.88 1.05 1.37 1.00
大片牛肉 RAA 1.03 1.46 0.88 0.88 1.11 1.19 1.69 1.18 74.57
RCAA 0.87 1.24 0.75 0.75 0.94 1.01 1.43 1.00
酸肉 RAA 0.79 1.17 0.71 0.82 0.86 1.16 1.45 0.99 73.01
RCAA 0.80 1.18 0.72 0.83 0.87 1.17 1.46 1.00
天花菌炖肉 RAA 0.83 2.08 0.57 0.71 0.61 1.51 1.43 1.11 48.28
RCAA 0.75 1.87 0.51 0.64 0.55 1.36 1.29 1.00
炒腊肉 RAA 1.19 1.60 0.94 1.06 1.10 1.25 2.06 1.31 70.45
RCAA 0.91 1.22 0.72 0.81 0.84 0.95 1.57 1.00
麦酱炒大片肉 RAA 0.98 1.29 0.79 0.85 0.93 1.02 1.46 1.05 76.86
RCAA 0.93 1.23 0.75 0.81 0.89 0.97 1.39 1.00
坪上牛百叶 RAA 0.63 0.92 0.51 0.50 0.53 1.00 0.93 0.72 69.00
RCAA 0.88 1.28 0.71 0.69 0.74 1.39 1.29 1.00
酸汤牛肉 RAA 0.97 1.41 0.70 0.92 0.89 1.04 1.75 1.10 67.48
RCAA 0.88 1.28 0.64 0.84 0.81 0.95 1.59 1.00
手工猪血丸子 RAA 0.94 1.15 0.94 0.87 1.10 1.41 1.23 1.09 82.49
RCAA 0.86 1.06 0.86 0.80 1.01 1.29 1.13 1.00
猪干巴炒红椒
RAA 0.95 1.29 0.73 0.87 0.92 1.00 1.59 1.05 72.35
RCAA 0.90 1.23 0.70 0.83 0.88 0.95 1.51 1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1177622372300505676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429495282389222, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

湖南产地10种畜肉类及制品EAA的RAA、RCAA和SRCAA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 参数 苏氨酸 赖氨酸 缬氨酸 异亮氨酸 亮氨酸 苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 色氨酸 平均值 SRCAA
猪心蒸肉丸 RAA 0.90 1.34 0.72 0.79 0.89 1.06 1.38 1.01 73.95
RCAA 0.89 1.33 0.71 0.78 0.88 1.05 1.37 1.00
大片牛肉 RAA 1.03 1.46 0.88 0.88 1.11 1.19 1.69 1.18 74.57
RCAA 0.87 1.24 0.75 0.75 0.94 1.01 1.43 1.00
酸肉 RAA 0.79 1.17 0.71 0.82 0.86 1.16 1.45 0.99 73.01
RCAA 0.80 1.18 0.72 0.83 0.87 1.17 1.46 1.00
天花菌炖肉 RAA 0.83 2.08 0.57 0.71 0.61 1.51 1.43 1.11 48.28
RCAA 0.75 1.87 0.51 0.64 0.55 1.36 1.29 1.00
炒腊肉 RAA 1.19 1.60 0.94 1.06 1.10 1.25 2.06 1.31 70.45
RCAA 0.91 1.22 0.72 0.81 0.84 0.95 1.57 1.00
麦酱炒大片肉 RAA 0.98 1.29 0.79 0.85 0.93 1.02 1.46 1.05 76.86
RCAA 0.93 1.23 0.75 0.81 0.89 0.97 1.39 1.00
坪上牛百叶 RAA 0.63 0.92 0.51 0.50 0.53 1.00 0.93 0.72 69.00
RCAA 0.88 1.28 0.71 0.69 0.74 1.39 1.29 1.00
酸汤牛肉 RAA 0.97 1.41 0.70 0.92 0.89 1.04 1.75 1.10 67.48
RCAA 0.88 1.28 0.64 0.84 0.81 0.95 1.59 1.00
手工猪血丸子 RAA 0.94 1.15 0.94 0.87 1.10 1.41 1.23 1.09 82.49
RCAA 0.86 1.06 0.86 0.80 1.01 1.29 1.13 1.00
猪干巴炒红椒
RAA 0.95 1.29 0.73 0.87 0.92 1.00 1.59 1.05 72.35
RCAA 0.90 1.23 0.70 0.83 0.88 0.95 1.51 1.00
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湖南产地10种畜肉类及其制品氨基酸组成分析及营养评价
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左家信 , 陈东洋 , 王琳 , 伍碧珍 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分 2025,16(5): 104-111
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分 2025, 16(5): 104-111
湖南产地10种畜肉类及其制品氨基酸组成分析及营养评价
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左家信 , 陈东洋, 王琳, 伍碧珍*
作者信息
  • 湖南省疾病预防控制中心, 长沙 410153
  • 左家信(1986—), 男, 硕士, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 伍碧珍(1969—), 女, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为食品营养。E-mail:
Amino acid composition and nutritional evaluation of 10 kinds of livestock meats and products in Hunan Province
Jia-Xin ZUO , Dong-Yang CHEN, Lin WANG, Bi-Zhen WU*
Affiliations
  • Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410153, China
出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025005
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目的 分析评价湖南产地10种畜肉类及制品中氨基酸组成及含量。方法 分别采用Kjeltee2300自动凯氏定氮仪和曼默博尔A300全自动氨基酸分析仪, 对湖南产地10种畜肉类及制品的蛋白质和氨基酸进行测定并进行氨基酸成分分析; 采用氨基酸评分法对营养价值进行评价。结果 除了天花菌炖肉不含脯氨酸和酸汤牛肉不含蛋氨酸外, 其余畜肉类及制品均含17种氨基酸; 猪干巴炒红椒中蛋白质、总氨基酸及必需氨基酸含量3者均最高, 分别为19.50、15.98、5.98 g/100 g; 10种畜肉类及制品中, 除了手工猪血丸子的必需氨基酸中亮氨酸含量最高(1.25 g/100 g)外, 其余均为赖氨酸含量最高, 分别为天花菌炖肉(0.24 g/100 g)、坪上牛百叶(0.38 g/100 g)、酸肉(0.49 g/100 g)、酸汤牛肉(0.80 g/100 g)、猪心蒸肉丸(0.96 g/100 g)、大片牛肉(1.09 g/100 g)、麦酱炒大片肉(1.16 g/100 g)、炒腊肉(1.36 g/100 g)、猪干巴炒红椒(1.38 g/100 g) ; 10种畜肉类及制品中, 除了坪上牛百叶赖氨酸含量(50.67 mg/g蛋白)外, 其余赖氨酸含量均高于世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)/联合国粮农组织(Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO)模式(55 mg/g蛋白)和卵清蛋白模式(55 mg/g蛋白), 分别为猪心蒸肉丸(73.85 mg/g蛋白)、大片牛肉(80.15 mg/g蛋白)、酸肉(64.47 mg/g蛋白)、天花菌炖肉(114.29 mg/g蛋白)、炒腊肉(87.74 mg/g蛋白)、麦酱炒大片肉(70.73 mg/g蛋白)、酸汤牛肉(77.67 mg/g蛋白)、手工猪血丸子(63.19 mg/g蛋白)、猪干巴炒红椒(70.77 mg/g蛋白); 10种畜肉类及制品的限制氨基酸为异亮氨酸或缬氨酸。结论 畜肉类及制品中赖氨酸含量优异, 营养价值高; 可以结合食用富含异亮氨酸或缬氨酸的食物, 构建合理膳食, 提高食用价值。

湖南  /  畜肉类及制品  /  氨基酸  /  营养评价

Objective To analyze and evaluate amino acid composition and content of 10 kinds of livestock meats and products in Hunan Province. Methods Kjeltee2300 automatic nitrogen determinator kjeldahl apparatus was used to determine the proteins in 10 kinds of livestock meats and products in Hunan Province. Amino acid composition was measured using membra Pure GmbH A300 automatic amino acid analyzer. The nutritional value of livestock meats and products was evaluated by the amino acid score method. Results There were 17 kinds of amino acids in livestock meats and products except stewed meat with smallpox fungus without proline and sour soup beef without methionine. The content of protein, amino acids and essential amino acids in stir fried pork jerky with red pepper were the highest, which were 19.50, 15.98, 5.98 g/100 g, respectively. The content of lysine in essential amino acids in 10 kinds of livestock meats and products was the highest, Except for leucine, which had the highest essential amino acid content (1.25 g/100 g) in handmade pig blood meatball, all others had the highest lysine content, which were stewed meat with smallpox fungus (0.24 g/100 g), Pingshang omasum (0.38 g/100 g), sour meat (0.49 g/100 g), sour soup beef (0.80 g/100 g), steamed pork balls with pork heart (0.96 g/100 g), large chunks of beef (1.09 g/100 g), stir fried large pieces of meat with wheat sauce (1.16 g/100 g), stir-fried smoked pork (1.36 g/100 g), stir fried pork jerky with red pepper (1.38 g/100 g) respectively, except the content of leucine in essential amino acids in handmade pig blood meatball was the highest (1.25 g/100 g). The content of lysine in 10 kinds of livestock meats and products except Pingshang omasum (50.67 mg/g protein), including steamed pork balls with pork heart (73.85 mg/g protein), large chunks of beef (80.15 mg/g protein), sour meat (64.47 mg/g protein), stewed meat with smallpox fungus (114.29 mg/g protein), stir-fried smoked pork (87.74 mg/g protein), stir fried large pieces of meat with wheat sauce (70.73 mg/g protein), sour soup beef (77.67 mg/g protein), handmade pig blood meatball (63.19 mg/g protein), stir fried pork jerky with red pepper (70.77 mg/g protein), were higher than the (World Health Organization) WHO/(Food and Agriculture Organization) FAO model value (55 mg/g protein) and ovalbumin pattern value (55 mg/g protein). The limited amino acid in 10 kinds of livestock meats and products was isoleucine or valine. Conclusion Excellent lysine content and high nutritional value in livestock meats and products; it is possible to combine the consumption of foods rich in isoleucine or valine to construct a reasonable diet and enhance their nutritional value.

Hunan  /  livestock meats and products  /  amino acid  /  nutritional evaluation
左家信, 陈东洋, 王琳, 伍碧珍. 湖南产地10种畜肉类及其制品氨基酸组成分析及营养评价. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (5) : 104 -111 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025005
Jia-Xin ZUO, Dong-Yang CHEN, Lin WANG, Bi-Zhen WU. Amino acid composition and nutritional evaluation of 10 kinds of livestock meats and products in Hunan Province[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (5) : 104 -111 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025005
自然条件优越的湖南位于长江中游, 因物产非常丰富, 让湖南人民创造出极富地方特色的湘菜[1]。湘菜, 隶属于中国八大菜系之一。湘菜历史悠久, 现代湘菜具有酸辣香浓、熏腊味厚、质嫩色亮的典型特征[2-3]。湘菜的发展对中国烹饪文化、美食旅游、饮食文明和工业发展等方面均产生了深远的影响, 因此, 研究价值较高[4]。湘菜产业规模在2021年已稳居全国餐饮菜系第二位[5-6]; 2023年, 湘菜的市场占有率跃居全国菜系第一[7]。因此, 对湘菜的营养价值进行评价很有必要, 可以从氨基酸组成及营养评价反映出食物的营养价值。氨基酸是构成蛋白质的基本单元, 人体无法自主合成所有必需的氨基酸, 需要通过食物摄取。因此, 了解食物中的氨基酸种类和含量, 可以帮助人们合理调整膳食结构, 防止氨基酸缺乏或过量补充‌。目前, 食物营养评价可以采取营养成分分析[8-13]、蛋白质营养价值评价[14-19]、氨基酸营养价值评价[20-25]等。
近年来, 湘菜大步走向世界, 被各国人民接受、喜爱[26]。截至目前, 鲜有学者对湘菜成品中畜肉类及制品氨基酸营养价值进行全面评价, 因此, 研究湘菜的氨基酸组成及蛋白质营养价值不仅具有科学意义, 且能够进一步提升当地湘菜的经济价值。鉴于此, 本研究对湖南产地10种成品畜肉类及制品中氨基酸组成及含量进行分析评价, 通过科学的数据指导合理膳食、树立湘菜品牌、推广湘菜。
采样对象为配方标准化且点餐排名靠前的菜肴; 采样地点为娄底市、邵阳市、张家界市和湘西自治州的品牌餐厅或连锁餐厅; 10种畜肉类及制品分别为猪心蒸肉丸、大片牛肉、酸肉、天花菌炖肉、炒腊肉、麦酱炒大片肉、坪上牛百叶、酸汤牛肉、手工猪血丸子和猪干巴炒红椒。采样方式为: 在每座城市随机选取3个采样点, 均涵盖10种畜肉类及制品, 每个采样点每类样品各采500 g, 且每类样品一共不得低于1.5 kg, 冷藏运输。按照相同种类混合、四分法缩分来自12个采样点的畜肉类及制品, 并打碎匀浆混匀, 分3份于4 ℃冰箱中冷藏保存, 按照每类样品每份200 g, 在4 ℃冰箱中冷藏保存, 备用。
苯酚(分析纯)、盐酸、Tris碱(生化试剂)、乙酸(色谱纯)(国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 乙酸铵(色谱纯, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 甲醇(色谱纯, 德国默克公司); 灰色链霉菌蛋白酶(XIV型, 活力≥3.5 U/mg, 德国Sigma公司); 氨基酸流动相、柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液(色谱纯)、茚三酮溶液、17种氨基酸混合标准溶液(除胱氨酸浓度为50 nmol/mL外, 其余均为100 nmol/mL)(德国曼默博尔公司); 色氨酸标准品(纯度100.0%, 中国食品药品检定研究院)。
Waters ACQUityTM超高效液相色谱仪(配置荧光检测器, 美国Waters公司); A300全自动氨基酸分析仪(德国曼默博尔公司); Millipore超纯水系统(美国Millipore公司); εlma®超声波发生器(德国εlma公司); VORTEX-2 GENIE®涡旋混合器(美国Scientific Industries公司); PXSJ-216F pH计(上海雷磁仪器有限公司); GZX-GF101-1-BS电热鼓风恒温干燥箱(上海跃进医疗器械有限公司); AJ100电子天平(十万分之一)[瑞士梅特勒-托利多仪器(中国)有限公司]; SHZ-D(III)循环水式多用真空泵(上海一科仪器有限公司); Kjeltee2300自动凯氏定氮仪(丹麦福斯公司); TC-8脱酸仪(日本TAITEC公司)。
氨基酸的样品预处理和含量测定依据GB 5009.124—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》中茚三酮柱后衍生法; 色氨酸的样品预处理和含量测定依据GB 5009.294—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中色氨酸的测定》中酶水解-液相色谱法; 蛋白质的样品预处理和含量测定依据GB 5009.5—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》中凯氏定氮法。
本研究对湖南产地10种畜肉类及制品的蛋白质和氨基酸的含量进行了测定, 分析必需氨基酸(essential amino acid, EAA)含量, 并全面评价氨基酸的营养价值。其中, 氨基酸评分(amino acid score, AAS)根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)和联合国粮农组织(Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO)提出的方法进行计算[27]; 化学评分(chemical score, CS)采用FAO推荐的方法进行计算[28-29]; 氨基酸比值(ratio value of amino acid, RAA)、氨基酸比值系数(reference coefficient for amino acid, RCAA)和氨基酸比值系数分(standard reference coefficient for amino acid, SRCAA)则根据朱圣陶等提出的方法进行计算[30-31]。计算如式(1)~(6)。
$\begin{array}{c} \mathrm{AAS}=\frac{\text { 样品蛋白质中氨基酸含量 }(\mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{g})}{\mathrm{WHO} / \mathrm{FAO} \text { 评分标准模式中相应 }
\text { 必需氨基酸含量 }(\mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{g})} \times 100 \\ \end{array}$
$\mathrm{CS}=\frac{\text { 样品蛋白质中氨基酸含量 }(\mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{g})}{\text { 卵清蛋白模式中相应 }
\text { 必需氨基酸含量 }(\mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{g})} \times 100 \\ $
$\mathrm{RAA}=\frac{\text { 待测样品蛋白质中某种
必需氨基酸含量 }(\mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{g} \text { 蛋白 })}{\mathrm{WHO} / \mathrm{FAO} \text { 评分标准模式中相应
必需氨基酸含量(mg/g 蛋白)}}$
$\text { RCAA }=\frac{\text { 待测样品蛋白质中某种必需氨基酸的RAA }}{\text { 各种氨基酸RAA的平均值 }}$
$\mathrm{SRCAA}=100 \times(1-\mathrm{CV})$
$\mathrm{CV}=\frac{\text { RCAA的标准差 }}{\text { RCAA的均数 }}$
对每个指标进行3次平行实验, 结果以平均值±标准偏差表示。采用Excel 2010和SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行分析处理。
通常, 氨基酸的种类及含量决定了食物蛋白质的优良程度。所测定的17种氨基酸中, 氨基酸种类基本齐全, 除了天花菌炖肉不含脯氨酸和酸汤牛肉不含蛋氨酸。猪干巴炒红椒中蛋白质和氨基酸含量最高, 10种畜肉类及制品中的蛋白质含量介于2.10~19.50 g/100 g之间, 氨基酸总量介于1.71~15.98 g/100 g之间, 谷氨酸含量最高, 除了天花菌炖肉中排名第二为赖氨酸外, 其余排名第二氨基酸均为天冬氨酸, 前2种氨基酸在氨基酸总量中占比25.28%~32.77%, 含量前7的氨基酸总量分别占氨基酸总量的62.37%~68.42%, 见表1。10种畜肉类及制品中EAA含量为天花菌炖肉(0.62 g/100 g)最低, 最高为猪干巴炒红椒(5.98 g/100 g), 由低到高顺序依次为天花菌炖肉、坪上牛百叶、酸肉、酸汤牛肉、猪心蒸肉丸、大片牛肉、麦酱炒大片肉、手工猪血丸子、炒腊肉、猪干巴炒红椒; 除手工猪血丸子(EAA以亮氨酸含量最高, 在氨基酸总量中占比8.10%)外, EAA以赖氨酸含量最高, 在氨基酸总量中占比高达7.72%~14.04%。
大片牛肉、天花菌炖肉、炒腊肉、酸汤牛肉、手工猪血丸子中EAA含量(366.91、352.38、397.42、330.10、356.44 mg/g蛋白)介于WHO/FAO模式(325 mg/g蛋白)和卵清蛋白模式(425 mg/g蛋白)之间, 其余5种均低于这两种模式; 由于酪氨酸由苯丙氨酸转变而来, 因此, 将酪氨酸与苯丙氨酸合并计算[31]; 从单个EAA看, 酸肉和手工猪血丸子中苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸含量最高(69.74、84.66 mg/g蛋白), 介于WHO/FAO模式(60 mg/g蛋白)和卵清蛋白模式(100 mg/g蛋白)之间; 坪上牛百叶中苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸含量最高(60.00 mg/g蛋白), 低于卵清蛋白模式(100 mg/g蛋白), 与WHO/FAO模式(60 mg/g蛋白)持平; 其余畜肉类及制品中, 赖氨酸含量介于70.73~114.29 mg/g蛋白之间, 为最高; 10种畜肉类及制品中, 除了坪上牛百叶赖氨酸含量(50.67 mg/g蛋白)低于WHO/FAO模式(55 mg/g蛋白)和卵清蛋白模式(55 mg/g蛋白), 其余畜肉类及制品中, WHO/FAO模式(55 mg/g蛋白)和卵清蛋白模式(55 mg/g蛋白)均低于赖氨酸含量, 说明赖氨酸含量优异, 食用价值高。详见表2
大片牛肉、坪上牛百叶、手工猪血丸子的异亮氨酸AAS均低于100, 且为其EAA的AAS中的最低值, 因此, 异亮氨酸为第一限制氨基酸; 坪上牛百叶和猪干巴炒红椒中的苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸的AAS为100; 其他畜肉类及制品中缬氨酸的AAS为最低值, 介于57.14~94.20之间, 因此, 缬氨酸为第一限制氨基酸; 猪心蒸肉丸、酸肉、天花菌炖肉、麦酱炒大片肉和酸汤牛肉中的苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸、色氨酸、赖氨酸, 炒腊肉中的苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、色氨酸, 大片牛肉中的苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、色氨酸, 手工猪血丸子中的亮氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸、色氨酸, 猪干巴炒红椒中的色氨酸和赖氨酸的AAS均大于100, 说明这几种氨基酸模式最优, 有利于人体的吸收和利用。详见表3
表4可知, 除了酸汤牛肉外, 其他畜肉类及制品中异亮氨酸的CS(介于30.30~64.52之间)为最低, 因此, 异亮氨酸为第一限值氨基酸; 而酸汤牛肉中缬氨酸的CS最低, 仅为54.61, 因此, 第一限制氨基酸为缬氨酸。
表5可知, 大片牛肉中缬氨酸和异亮氨酸的RCAA(均为0.75)最小, 因此, 缬氨酸和异亮氨酸为大片牛肉中的第一限制; 坪上牛百叶和手工猪血丸子中异亮氨酸的RCAA(分别为0.69和0.80)最小, 因此, 异亮氨酸为其第一限制氨基酸; 而猪心蒸肉丸、酸肉、天花菌炖肉、炒腊肉、麦酱炒大片肉、酸汤牛肉、猪干巴炒红椒中缬氨酸的RCAA(分别为0.71、0.72、0.51、0.72、0.75、0.64、0.70)最低, 因此第一限制氨基酸均为缬氨酸。10种畜肉类及制品的SRCAA分别为73.95、74.57、73.01、48.28、70.45、76.86、69.00、67.48、82.49和72.35, 其中, 天花菌炖肉的SRCAA (48.28)最低, 略低于50, 坪上牛百叶和酸汤牛肉的SRCAA (69.00、67.48)略低于70, 其余均超过70, 蛋白质营养价值较高, 因为此类畜肉类成品菜中蛋白质EAA组成与FAO/WHO规定的人体蛋白需求类似[32]
本研究对湖南产地10种畜肉类及制品的氨基酸组成使用多种方法从不同的角度进行营养评价, 包括与人体需要最接近的卵清蛋白中的氨基酸模式、能否被人体吸收和蛋白质营养价值3个方面, 得到不同的第一限制氨基酸[33]
湖南产地10种畜肉类及制品除了天花菌炖肉和酸汤牛肉外, 其余均含17种氨基酸, 因为天花菌炖肉不含脯氨酸、酸汤牛肉不含蛋氨酸; 猪干巴炒红椒中, 氨基酸含量、蛋白质含量和EAA含量均居榜首; 10种畜肉类及制品中谷氨酸含量最高, 除了天花菌炖肉中排名第二为赖氨酸外, 其余排名第二氨基酸均为天冬氨酸, 前2种氨基酸在氨基酸总量中占比25.28%~32.77%; 除了手工猪血丸子中赖氨酸为排名第二的EAA外, 其余9种含量最高的EAA为赖氨酸, 研究表明, 赖氨酸不仅具有积极的营养学意义, 包括增强机体免疫力、抗病毒、促进人体生长发育、缓解焦虑情绪和促进脂肪氧化等, 也能与一些营养素协同作用, 将各种营养素的生理功能更好地发挥出来[34-37], 同时, 由于人体不能产生赖氨酸, 必须从食物中获取[38], 因此, 该研究能够为合理利用畜肉类及制品的赖氨酸提供数据支撑和科学依据。同时, 在10种畜肉类及制品中, 除了坪上牛百叶的赖氨酸含量略低于WHO/FAO模式和卵清蛋白模式外, 其余9种赖氨酸含量均高于WHO/FAO模式和卵清蛋白模式, 说明赖氨酸含量优异, 具有较高的食用价值。10种畜肉类及制品的限制氨基酸为异亮氨酸或缬氨酸, 通过与蛋类、大豆及制品、牛奶及奶制品、花生、肉类、核桃、谷物、香菇等富含异亮氨酸或缬氨酸的食物结合食用, 可以提高食物的营养价值和利用率, 提高其食用价值, 利用了蛋白质的互补作用, 具有一定的食用指导意义[39]
综上所述, 本研究对成品菜肴的氨基酸组成及营养进行评价, 与原型食物相比, 其营养价值评价更具有现实指导意义, 可为饮食搭配提供科学帮助。本研究没有对原型食物的氨基酸进行测定, 也没有将原型食物和成品菜肴的氨基酸进行比较, 缺乏食物经过烹饪以后氨基酸的变化趋势等数据; 后期研究可以从这个角度出发, 研究烹饪方式对氨基酸组分及含量的影响, 从而评估其对营养价值的影响。
  • 国家卫生健康委员会食物成分监测项目
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2025年第16卷第5期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025005
  • 接收时间:2024-10-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-25
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国家卫生健康委员会食物成分监测项目
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    湖南省疾病预防控制中心, 长沙 410153

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* 伍碧珍(1969—), 女, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为食品营养。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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