Article(id=1152687441493275277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250210002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739116800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752751701949, onlineDateStr=2025-07-17, pubDate=1747238400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752751701949, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752751701949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752751701949, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152687434774000221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752751700342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756708585928, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1169283815848555430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1169283815848555431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=40, endPage=47, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152687442462159516, articleId=1152687441493275277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Establishment of kinetic model for the batch fermentation production of curdlan by Agrobacterium sp. A02, columnId=1152687436237812322, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Application of Fermentation Technology in Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To predict and control the fermentation process of Agrobacterium sp. A02 strain to produce curdlan, establish a time-varying model to simulate bacterial growth and obtain the kinetic changes of curdlan production and sucrose consumption. Methods The viable bacteria count, sucrose content and curdlan content during the batch fermentation process of Agrobacterium sp. A02 were measured, and the experimental values were fitted using Logistic equation, Luedeking-Piret equation and Luedeking-Piret-Like equation, respectively. Results The fitting results indicated that the 3 kinds of models were applicable to the growth kinetics of bacterial cells, the generation kinetics of pectin, and the consumption kinetics of sucrose. The R2 were above 0.99, and the significance level was extremely significant. The errors between the fitted and experimental values were less than 10%, indicating a good fit. Conclusion The established bacterial growth kinetics model, sucrose consumption kinetics model and curdlan production kinetics model can predict and describe the dynamic metabolic changes of Agrobacterium sp. A02 during the fermentation process, providing theoretical support for describing the fermentation kinetics characteristics and industrial production of curdlan.

, correspAuthors=Bo-Wei YAO, Hong-Liang GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bo-Wei YAO, Peng TAO, Hong-Liang GAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1152687464901685762, articleId=1152687441493275277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=土壤杆菌A02分批发酵产可得然胶动力学模型的建立, columnId=1152687436393001573, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:发酵技术在食品中的应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 预测和控制土壤杆菌A02发酵产可得然胶的过程, 建立随时间变化的模型, 模拟细菌的生长, 可得然胶生成以及蔗糖消耗的动力学变化。方法 对土壤杆菌分批发酵过程中的菌体浓度、蔗糖含量、可得然胶产量进行测定, 分别采用Logistic方程、Luedeking-Piret方程和Luedeking-Piret-Like方程对实验值进行拟合。结果 拟合结果表明构建的3种模型适用于描述菌体生长动力学、可得然胶生成动力学和蔗糖消耗动力学, 其R2均在0.99以上, 显著性水平均为极显著。模型拟合值与实验值误差均小于10%, 拟合良好。结论 建立的菌体生长动力学模型、蔗糖消耗动力学模型和可得然胶生成动力学模型都能较好地描述和预测土壤杆菌A02在分批发酵产可得然胶过程中的动态代谢变化, 为描述发酵动力学特征和可得然胶工业化生产提供了理论支持。

, correspAuthors=姚博伟, 高红亮, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 姚博伟(1993—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为应用微生物及食品质量安全。E-mail:
* 高红亮(1973—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为应用微生物与酶学研究。E-mail:
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Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 53(1): 71-76., articleTitle=Modeling of batch experimental kinetics and application to fed-batch fermentation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum for enhanced butyric acid production, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1169272800410870584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, awardId=2023AAC03735, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AAC03735), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1169272800482173754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, awardId=宁科协发组字〔2024〕6号, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年度宁夏回族自治区青年科技托举人才培养项目(宁科协发组字〔2024〕6号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1169272800545088318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, awardId=2024CMG03049, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏科技惠民项目(2024CMG03049), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1169272797164479201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1169272797172867810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, companyId=1169272797164479201, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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A02, figureFileSmall=s+M+mGp0F50IokrtHukr3Q==, figureFileBig=fY1OY9QnXNcrx01zzVysfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272799051916046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=CN, label=图1, caption=土壤杆菌A02分批发酵代谢曲线, figureFileSmall=s+M+mGp0F50IokrtHukr3Q==, figureFileBig=fY1OY9QnXNcrx01zzVysfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272799110636306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Fitting curve of concentration chang of A02 stra, figureFileSmall=uOv01PbAIf+G2mnrtevMwA==, figureFileBig=bfGDytmj1/YKCzRRsIyJdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272799173550870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=CN, label=图2, caption=A02菌体浓度变化拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=uOv01PbAIf+G2mnrtevMwA==, figureFileBig=bfGDytmj1/YKCzRRsIyJdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272799286797081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Fitting curve of kinetics of curdlan production, figureFileSmall=wTjNegNyNRCIrwUCg2HONA==, figureFileBig=VxqgP6X4QtU1o/GeKrTI+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272799370683163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=CN, label=图3, caption=可得然胶生成动力学拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=wTjNegNyNRCIrwUCg2HONA==, figureFileBig=VxqgP6X4QtU1o/GeKrTI+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272799454569247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Fitting curve of sucrose consumption kinetics model, figureFileSmall=8gK0untfXyA+hgB2NTSzqA==, figureFileBig=/83hIc9DRHnhRY1M1ryFkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272799509095201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=CN, label=图4, caption=蔗糖消耗动力学模型拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=8gK0untfXyA+hgB2NTSzqA==, figureFileBig=/83hIc9DRHnhRY1M1ryFkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272799609758499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Variance analysis of growth kinetics model of Agrobacterium sp. A02

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差
来源
平方和 自由度 均方 F P
回归 257.353 4 64.33800 7501.7002 <0.0001
剩余 0.086 10 0.00858
总计 257.439 14
R2=0.9986
), ArticleFig(id=1169272799668478759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

土壤杆菌A02菌体生长动力学模型方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差
来源
平方和 自由度 均方 F P
回归 257.353 4 64.33800 7501.7002 <0.0001
剩余 0.086 10 0.00858
总计 257.439 14
R2=0.9986
), ArticleFig(id=1169272799806890793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variance analysis of the kinetic model for the formation of curdlan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F P
回归 3810.422 3 1270.141 4573.658 <0.0001
剩余 1.666 6 0.277
总计 3812.088 9
R2=0.9987
), ArticleFig(id=1169272799907554090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

可得然胶生成动力学模型方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F P
回归 3810.422 3 1270.141 4573.658 <0.0001
剩余 1.666 6 0.277
总计 3812.088 9
R2=0.9987
), ArticleFig(id=1169272799974662955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variance analysis of sucrose consumption kinetics model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差
来源
平方和 自由度 均方 F P
回归 40212.282 3 13404.094 2297.991 <0.0001
剩余 34.997 6 5.8329
总计 40247.279 9
R2=0.9933
), ArticleFig(id=1169272800058549039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

蔗糖消耗动力学模型方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差
来源
平方和 自由度 均方 F P
回归 40212.282 3 13404.094 2297.991 <0.0001
剩余 34.997 6 5.8329
总计 40247.279 9
R2=0.9933
), ArticleFig(id=1169272800125657905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of fitted and experimental values of fermentation kinetics models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/h 菌体生长量 可得然胶产量 蔗糖含量
实验值/(g/L) 拟合值/(g/L) 误差/% 实验值/(g/L) 拟合值/(g/L) 误差/% 实验值/(g/L) 拟合值/(g/L) 误差/%
4 0.42 0.40 5.00
6 0.89 0.81 9.88
8 1.51 1.67 9.58
10 2.78 2.84 2.11
12 3.93 3.87 1.55 0 0 0 90.01 93.78 4.02
24 5.67 5.61 1.07 0.66 0.70 5.71 86.47 86.72 0.29
36 5.64 5.74 1.74 6.16 5.61 9.80 70.01 76.01 7.89
48 5.41 5.76 6.08 14.01 14.87 5.78 64.61 63.16 2.30
60 5.78 5.76 0.35 22.61 23.47 3.66 49.54 49.75 0.42
72 5.91 5.77 2.43 27.01 29.07 7.09 36.01 37.14 3.04
84 5.81 5.77 0.69 31.02 32.13 3.45 25.21 26.29 4.11
96 5.60 5.77 2.95 33.68 33.67 0.03 19.48 17.71 9.99
), ArticleFig(id=1169272800209543987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687441493275277, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

发酵动力学模型拟合值和实验值的比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/h 菌体生长量 可得然胶产量 蔗糖含量
实验值/(g/L) 拟合值/(g/L) 误差/% 实验值/(g/L) 拟合值/(g/L) 误差/% 实验值/(g/L) 拟合值/(g/L) 误差/%
4 0.42 0.40 5.00
6 0.89 0.81 9.88
8 1.51 1.67 9.58
10 2.78 2.84 2.11
12 3.93 3.87 1.55 0 0 0 90.01 93.78 4.02
24 5.67 5.61 1.07 0.66 0.70 5.71 86.47 86.72 0.29
36 5.64 5.74 1.74 6.16 5.61 9.80 70.01 76.01 7.89
48 5.41 5.76 6.08 14.01 14.87 5.78 64.61 63.16 2.30
60 5.78 5.76 0.35 22.61 23.47 3.66 49.54 49.75 0.42
72 5.91 5.77 2.43 27.01 29.07 7.09 36.01 37.14 3.04
84 5.81 5.77 0.69 31.02 32.13 3.45 25.21 26.29 4.11
96 5.60 5.77 2.95 33.68 33.67 0.03 19.48 17.71 9.99
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土壤杆菌A02分批发酵产可得然胶动力学模型的建立
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姚博伟 1, * , 陶鹏 2 , 高红亮 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:发酵技术在食品中的应用 2025,16(9): 40-47
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:发酵技术在食品中的应用 2025, 16(9): 40-47
土壤杆菌A02分批发酵产可得然胶动力学模型的建立
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姚博伟1, * , 陶鹏2, 高红亮2, *
作者信息
  • 1.宁夏计量质量检验检测研究院, 银川 750000
  • 2.华东师范大学生命科学学院, 上海 200241

通讯作者:

* 姚博伟(1993—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为应用微生物及食品质量安全。E-mail:
* 高红亮(1973—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为应用微生物与酶学研究。E-mail:
Establishment of kinetic model for the batch fermentation production of curdlan by Agrobacterium sp. A02
Bo-Wei YAO1, * , Peng TAO2, Hong-Liang GAO2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. NingXia Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Yinchuan 750000, China
  • 2. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250210002
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目的 预测和控制土壤杆菌A02发酵产可得然胶的过程, 建立随时间变化的模型, 模拟细菌的生长, 可得然胶生成以及蔗糖消耗的动力学变化。方法 对土壤杆菌分批发酵过程中的菌体浓度、蔗糖含量、可得然胶产量进行测定, 分别采用Logistic方程、Luedeking-Piret方程和Luedeking-Piret-Like方程对实验值进行拟合。结果 拟合结果表明构建的3种模型适用于描述菌体生长动力学、可得然胶生成动力学和蔗糖消耗动力学, 其R2均在0.99以上, 显著性水平均为极显著。模型拟合值与实验值误差均小于10%, 拟合良好。结论 建立的菌体生长动力学模型、蔗糖消耗动力学模型和可得然胶生成动力学模型都能较好地描述和预测土壤杆菌A02在分批发酵产可得然胶过程中的动态代谢变化, 为描述发酵动力学特征和可得然胶工业化生产提供了理论支持。

土壤杆菌  /  可得然胶  /  发酵动力学模型  /  分批发酵

Objective To predict and control the fermentation process of Agrobacterium sp. A02 strain to produce curdlan, establish a time-varying model to simulate bacterial growth and obtain the kinetic changes of curdlan production and sucrose consumption. Methods The viable bacteria count, sucrose content and curdlan content during the batch fermentation process of Agrobacterium sp. A02 were measured, and the experimental values were fitted using Logistic equation, Luedeking-Piret equation and Luedeking-Piret-Like equation, respectively. Results The fitting results indicated that the 3 kinds of models were applicable to the growth kinetics of bacterial cells, the generation kinetics of pectin, and the consumption kinetics of sucrose. The R2 were above 0.99, and the significance level was extremely significant. The errors between the fitted and experimental values were less than 10%, indicating a good fit. Conclusion The established bacterial growth kinetics model, sucrose consumption kinetics model and curdlan production kinetics model can predict and describe the dynamic metabolic changes of Agrobacterium sp. A02 during the fermentation process, providing theoretical support for describing the fermentation kinetics characteristics and industrial production of curdlan.

Agrobacterium sp.  /  curdlan  /  fermentation kinetic model  /  batch fermentation
姚博伟, 陶鹏, 高红亮. 土壤杆菌A02分批发酵产可得然胶动力学模型的建立. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (9) : 40 -47 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250210002
Bo-Wei YAO, Peng TAO, Hong-Liang GAO. Establishment of kinetic model for the batch fermentation production of curdlan by Agrobacterium sp. A02[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (9) : 40 -47 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250210002
可得然胶又称为热凝胶多糖, 是日本学者HARADA等[1]于1965年在 Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes 10C3菌株中发现的一种新型微生物胞外多糖。它是由土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium sp.)[2]、根瘤菌(Rhizobium sp.)[3]或粪产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes faecalis)[4]合成的水不溶性β-1,3葡聚糖[5-6]。因其具有独特的加热成胶性、持水性、无毒无害性、耐酸碱性、耐热耐冻性[7-8]被广泛应用于食品、生命医学、新材料、环境保护等行业[9-12]中。
美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)于1996年批准可得然胶作为食品添加剂应用到加工食品中[13], 可作为稳定剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、保水剂应用于乳制品[14]、肉制品[15]、冷冻食品[16]和脂肪替代食品[17] 中。我国于2006年批准可得然胶为新型食品添加剂后[18], 国内近年来在微生物发酵产可得然胶方法也报道了诸多研究成果, 主要集中在以下几个方面: (1)高产和高凝胶强度菌株选育, 于婷婷等[19]构建了exoK基因缺失菌株, 并通过耐高糖筛选得到一株高凝胶强度可得然胶生产菌株, 其凝胶强度较野生菌株提高了17.6%; (2)可得然胶合成机制调控方面, ZHANG等[20]探究了碳源储存颗粒对土壤杆菌合成可得然胶调控机制的影响, 发现糖原和phb合成对可得然胶合成具有重要作用; (3)发酵工艺的优化, 刘智磊[21]构建了土壤杆菌发酵耦合酶解体系, 可得然胶发酵产量提高47%; (4)下游技术开发应用, 如可得然胶与葡聚糖、壳聚糖等复配的复合涂膜, 能有效抑制霉菌生长, 可用于果蔬和肉类等食品保鲜[22-23]; 但在发酵动力学研究方面鲜见相关研究报道。通过构建发酵动力学模型, 可以了解发酵过程中微生物菌体生长、产物生产、底物消耗的机制和规律[24], 实现发酵过程中的有效预测和精准控制, 从而达到优化发酵工艺和提升产物产量的目的[25], 为分批发酵及连续发酵提供理论基础[26]。分批发酵是指将发酵培养基一次性投入发酵罐, 经灭菌、接种和发酵后再一次性地将发酵液放出的一种操作方式[27]。方苏等[26]利用构建的动力学模型, 成功预测了冬虫夏草菌的分批发酵过程, 为冬虫夏草发酵工业化生产提供了理论基础支撑。孙文等[28]利用构建的动力学模型, 成功预测了嗜热链球菌产乳酸的发酵过程, 为乳酸生物发酵工业化生产提供了理论基础支撑。Logistic方程、Luedeking-Piret方程和Luedeking-Piret-Like方程是3种用于发酵动力学研究的经典模型。其中Logistic方程和Monod方程是经典的描述菌体生长动力学的常用模型[29], 相比较而言, Logistic方程的特点是非线性, 呈现出典型S型曲线, 能较好地反映出在分批发酵过程中, 随着菌体浓度增加而限制菌体的自身生长[30]。根据细胞生长和产物合成之间的关系, 可以把发酵过程分为偶联型、半偶联型和非偶联型。可得然胶发酵属于菌体生长和产物生成非偶联型, 一般采用Luedeking-Piret方程来描述产物生成动力学模型[31-32]。可得然胶分批发酵的过程以蔗糖为碳源, 其作为底物的消耗主要为以下3方面: (1)菌体生长阶段; (2)产物合成阶段; (3)细胞维持消耗[33]。选用Luedeking-Piret-Like方程建立底物消耗动力学模型。
本研究针对产可得然胶土壤杆菌A02分批发酵过程, 应用Logistic方程、Luedeking-Piret方程和Luedeking- Piret-Like经典发酵动力学模型方程, 探究土壤杆菌A02的菌体生长、产物生产和底物消耗的变化规律, 构建菌体生长动力学、可得然胶生成动力学和蔗糖消耗动力学模型。通过建立的发酵动力学模型, 可为预测和控制可得然胶进一步中试放大、工业优化和工业化生产提供理论参考。
土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium sp.) A02由华东师范大学生命科学学院微生物实验室保存。
蔗糖、酵母粉、牛肉膏、琼脂粉、3,5-二硝基水杨酸、四水酒石酸钾钠、苯酚、无水亚硫酸钠、NaCl、KH2PO4、(NH4)2HPO4、MgSO4·7H2O、CaCO3(分析纯, 国药集团上海试剂有限公司)。
R1-250型低温恒温培养箱、SorvallRC-6plus型冷冻离心机(美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司); PB-10型pH计、SQP型电子天平(分度值0.0001 g)、BIOSTART-C PLUS型发酵罐(德国赛多利斯公司); DKY-Ⅱ型恒温调速回转式摇床(上海知楚设备有限公司); SW-CJ-2D超净工作台(苏州安泰空气技术有限公司); Milli-Q去离子水发生器(美国Millipore公司); TA-XT PLUS型质构仪(英国Stable Micro System公司); UV-2600i型分光光度计(日本岛津公司); Cytation1型酶标仪(美国安捷伦科技有限公司)。
种子培养基: 蔗糖20.0 g/L, KH2PO4 1.5 g/L, (NH4)2HPO4 5.0 g/L, MgSO4·7H2O 1.0 g/L, CaCO3 3.0 g/L, 调pH至7.0。
斜面培养基: 采用文献[34]中描述的配方。
发酵培养基: 蔗糖100.0 g/L, (NH4)2HPO4 3.0 g/L, KH2PO4 2.0 g/L, MgSO4·7H2O 1.0 g/L, 酵母粉4.5 g/L, CaCO3 2.0 g/L, 消泡剂0.5 g/L, 调pH至7.0。
从-80 ℃取出保存的土壤杆菌A02菌株的冻存管, 接入到种子培养基中(50/250 mL), 250 r/min, 30 ℃振荡培养20 h进行活化。把活化后的菌液在斜面培养基试管上划线, 将试管斜面放置在30 ℃培养箱中培养24 h。用接种环从培养好的试管斜面上刮取一环接种到种子培养基中(100/500 mL), 250 r/min, 30 ℃振荡培养18 h。
将1.3.2中的种子液以5% (V:V)接种量接入到15 L全自动发酵罐中, 装液量为9 L, 初始搅拌转速为500 r/min, 通气量为1 vvm, 30 ℃培养96 h。0~12 h每隔3 h取样一次, 测定发酵液OD600和氨态氮含量, 以监测菌种生长和氨态氮消耗情况。从24 h开始每隔12 h取样一次, 测定可得然胶含量和剩余蔗糖含量。
采用文献[35]中所述的干重法测定菌体生长量。
采用文献[36]中所述的3,5-二硝基水杨酸(3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, DNS)法进行发酵液中蔗糖含量的测定。
参照文献[35]中描述的方法稍作修改, 准确量取10 mL发酵液, 加入150 mL、1 mol/L NaOH溶液, 200 r/min摇床振荡3 h。待可得然胶充分溶解后, 9000 r/min, 离心10 min, 取上清, 将上清液用6 mol/L HCl溶液调pH至中性, 而后将调制中性的混合液9000 r/min, 离心10 min, 将沉淀水洗3次, 每次加入水150 mL, 9000 r/min, 离心10 min; 沉淀60 ℃、12 h烘干后称重, 计算可得然胶产量。
按照文献[35]所述方法进行发酵液中氨态氮含量的测定。
按照GB 28304—2012《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂 可得然胶》中所规定方法制备2%的可得然胶凝胶并测定其凝胶强度。
用pH计分别测定不同取样时间发酵液样品pH。
土壤杆菌A02分批发酵过程中, 从4 h起每隔2 h取样测定菌体生长量, 从12 h起每隔12 h取样分别测定菌体生长量、蔗糖含量和可得然胶产量。分别采用Logistic、Luedeking-Piret、Luedeking-Piret-like进行菌体生长量、可得然胶生成量和蔗糖消耗量的发酵动力学模型拟合构建。动力学模型参数由发酵液样液测定计算得出。菌体生长动力学由发酵液中菌体量的变化反应; 产物生成动力学由发酵液中可得然胶产量的变化反应; 底物消耗动力学由发酵液中蔗糖含量的变化反应。
所有实验均重复3次, 使用Origin 2018对数据进行统计、作图和动力学模型拟合, 采用SPSS 22.0对数据进行显著性差异分析, 以P<0.05为显著性差异, P<0.01为极显著性差异。
土壤杆菌A02分批发酵产可得然胶过程中, 对发酵液中菌体生物量、蔗糖含量、氨态氮含量、发酵液pH、可得然胶产量的动态变化情况进行检测, 所得结果如图1所示。可得然胶的分批发酵过程分为两个阶段, 前期为菌体生长期, 后期为可得然胶合成期。文献报道可得然胶是在氮源受到限制才能合成[37], 在分批发酵过程中, 前期菌体生长消耗氮源, 当氮源耗净时进入产胶期。从图1的发酵代谢曲线可以看出, 12 h时, 氨态氮为0.2 g/L, 此时菌体干重为3.0 g/L, 到24 h时, 氨态氮含量为0 g/L。因此0~12 h为生长期。此后, 可得然胶含量迅速增加, 为产胶期。直到72 h, 可得然胶产量为30 g/L, 24~72 h内, 可得然胶的生产强度为0.548 g/(L·h), 72 h后可得然胶的生产强度下降, 为0.166 g/(L·h)。这一结果与刘恩华等[38]的报道接近, 在96 h, 可得然胶产量达到34 g/L。随着可得然胶的增加, 发酵液中的蔗糖含量逐渐降低, 从24 h的90 g/L, 到72 h的35 g/L, 24~72 h蔗糖的消耗速率为1.145 g/(L·h), 此后蔗糖消耗速率也略有下降, 72 h到96 h蔗糖的消耗速率为0.625 g/(L·h)。这一现象和可得然胶生成速率下降相吻合。在本次发酵过程中, pH的变化的规律性非常明显, 与万婕等[39]的报道一致。发酵开始时, pH出现迅速下降, 到12 h时已经从初始的6.6下降到4.9, 然后又逐渐回升, 此后一直稳定在5.2左右。前期pH下降可能是由于糖代谢产生有机酸引起的, 12 h后的pH回升是由于部分有机酸被消耗, 导致pH略有回升。24 h后pH一直维持在5.2, 表明此时菌体非常专一的利用蔗糖大量生成可得然胶, 没有生成有机酸, 产胶期pH的稳定是保证分批发酵成功的关键因素。
图2可知, 土壤杆菌分批发酵过程中菌体生长为典型的S型, 因此选用Logistic方程建立可得然胶分批发酵菌体生长动力学模型, 计算公式见公式(1)~(3)。
Logistic方程: $\frac{\text{d}x}{\text{d}t}=\mu (1-\frac{X}{{{X}_{\text{m}}}})$
$_{\mu t=\left( \frac{{{X}_{\text{m}}}}{{{X}_{0}}}-1 \right)+\ln \left( \frac{X}{{{X}_{\text{m}}}-X} \right)}$
该方程积分推导可得方程:
$X=\frac{{{X}_{0}}{{\text{e}}^{\mu t}}}{1-\frac{{{X}_{0}}}{{{X}_{\text{m}}}}\left( 1-{{\text{e}}^{\mu t}} \right)}$
式中: X为发酵液中菌体生物量, g/L; X0为发酵初始菌体生物量, g/L; Xm为发酵最大菌体生物量, g/L; μ为菌体比生长速率, h-1; t为发酵时间, h。
根据实验数据, X0=0.023 g/L, Xm=5.76 g/L, 将X0Xm带入到公式(2)中, 以时间t为横坐标, ln[X/(Xm-X)]为纵坐标, 可以得到回归方程Y=0.3255X-3.488, r2=0.9968。根据回归方程可知比生长速率μ=0.3255 h-1。代入公式(3)可得菌体生长动力学Logistic拟合方程, 见公式(4):
$X=\frac{0.17{{\text{e}}^{0.3255t}}}{1-0.0295{{\text{e}}^{0.3255t}}}$
根据公式(4)对土壤杆菌分批发酵菌体生长量进行拟合, 并与实测值进行对比, 结果如图2所示, 模型方差分析结果如表1所示。
图2拟合值和实测值对比可知, 该模型的拟合值和实测值趋近, 平均拟合误差为, 最大误差9.88%。表1菌体动力学模型方差分析结果显示, 该模型显著性水平P<0.0001, 差异极显著, 相关系数R2为0.9986, 说明该模型能较好地模拟并预测土壤杆菌A02发酵过程中菌体数量的动态变化过程。
Luedeking-Piret方程见公式(5):
$\frac{\text{d}p}{\text{d}t}={{m}_{1}}x+{{m}_{2}}\frac{\text{d}x}{\text{d}t}$
方程中t=0时, P=P0=0 g/L, 其中m1m2是该模型的参数, 根据发酵条件的变化而变化。
上述方程推导可得公式(6):
$P={{P}_{0}}+{{m}_{2}}(x-{{x}_{0}})+{{m}_{1}}({{x}_{m}}/\mu )\ln \text{ }\!\!\{\!\!\text{ }1-({{x}_{0}}/{{x}_{m}})(1-{{\text{e}}^{\mu t}})\text{ }\!\!\}\!\!\text{ }$
比生长速率μ为0.3255 h-1, P0=0, 推导可得m1=0.088 h-1, m2=-0.5 g/g。将以上值代公式(6)可得可得然胶生成动力学模型见公式(7):
$P=1.557\ln (0.0174{{\text{e}}^{0.3255t}}+0.983)-0.\text{5}X(t)+0.05$
根据该模型绘制土壤杆菌A02发酵过程中发酵液中可得然胶产量的实验值与模型预测值拟合曲线如图3所示, 可得然胶生成动力学模型方差分析结果见表2
图3拟合值和实测值对比可知, 该模型的拟合值和实测值趋近, 最大误差为9.80%。表2菌体动力学模型方差分析结果显示, 该模型显著性水平P<0.0001, 差异极显著, 相关系数R2为0.9987, 说明该模型能较好地模拟并预测土壤杆菌A02发酵过程中可得然胶产量的动态变化过程。
选用Luedeking-Piret-Like方程建立底物消耗动力学模型, 其微分方程为公式(8):
$\frac{\text{d}S}{\text{d}t}=\frac{1}{{{Y}_{x/s}}}\times \frac{\text{d}x}{\text{d}t}-\frac{1}{{{Y}_{p/s}}}\times \frac{\text{d}P}{\text{d}t}-\text{Ke}X$
式中: dS/dt是底物消耗速率, g/(L·h); S为蔗糖质量浓度, g/L; Yx/s是细胞对基质的产量系数, g/g; Yp/s是产物对基质的产量系数, g/g; Ke是细胞维持系数, g/(g·h)。
由公式(8)推导可得公式(9):
$\frac{\text{d}S}{\text{d}t}=-{{b}_{1}}X-{{b}_{2}}\frac{\text{d}X}{\text{d}t}$
土壤杆菌A02分批发酵过程中, t=0, S=S0=100 g/L, 推导求出b1=0.169 h-1, b2=-0.4 h-1, 进一步推导可得蔗糖消耗动力学模型见公式(10):
$S=99.6+0.4X(t)+2.991\ln (0.017{{\text{e}}^{0.3255t}}+0.983)$
根据该模型绘制土壤杆菌A02发酵过程中蔗糖消耗量模型预测值拟合曲线如图4所示, 可得然胶生成动力学模型方差分析结果见表3
图4拟合值和实测值对比可知, 该模型的拟合值和实测值趋近, 最大误差为9.99%。表3蔗糖消耗动力学模型方差分析结果显示, 该模型显著性水平P<0.0001, 差异极显著, 相关系数R2为0.9993, 说明该模型能较好地模拟并预测土壤杆菌A02发酵过程中蔗糖消耗量的动态变化过程。
表4是基于经典发酵动力学模型(Logistic方程、Luedeking-Piret方程、Luedeking-Piret-Like方程)构建的模型拟合值与实验值的比较。由表4可见, 模型模拟拟合值与实验值之间相对误差均在10%以下, 这证明拟合值和实验值高度一致。因此, 本研究建立的发酵动力学模型能较好地描述土壤杆菌A02发酵过程中菌体生长、可得然胶生成以及蔗糖消耗的动态变化规律。
可得然胶作为一种新型微生物胞外多糖, 因其热成胶性和流变性被用于食品工业和生命医学等行业, 我国目前暂时无法实现可得然胶完全自主化生产, 究其原因是产量低、凝胶强度低等瓶颈问题[40]
张琪等[41]应用Logistic模型建立了黑加仑果酒酿造发酵过程中酵母菌数量变化动力学模型, 相关系数为0.9864, 拟合效果良好, 说明Logistic模型模拟黑加仑果酒发酵过程准确可行。SONG等[42]应用Luedekin-Piret方程建立了酪丁酸梭菌发酵过程中丁酸生产的动力学模型, 描述了发酵中丁酸生成变化规律。章帅文等[33]基于Luedekin-Piret-Like方程成功建立了小白链霉菌分批发酵产ε-聚赖氨酸过程中还原糖消耗动力学模型, 相关系数为0.9749, 拟合度较高, 成功预测了小白链霉菌分批发酵产ε-聚赖氨酸过程中还原糖消耗变化规律, 为ε-聚赖氨酸工业化生产控制提供了理论基础。发酵动力学模型的构建, 可精准预测和控制发酵过程, 从而优化发酵工艺, 提升产物产量。为提升可得然胶产量以满足工业化生产, 精准控制土壤杆菌发酵过程, 本研究基于经典发酵动力学模型(Logistic方程、Luedeking-Piret方程和Luedekin-Piret-Like方程)成功构建了产可得然胶土壤杆菌A02在分批发酵过程中的菌体生长量、可得然胶产量、蔗糖消耗量的动力学模型, 其相关系数R2分别为0.9986、0.9987和0.9933, 显著性差异均为极显著, 拟合值与实验值误差均小于10%。说明本研究构建的模型能够客观地反映和描述土壤杆菌产可得然胶发酵动力学, 对于了解土壤杆菌A02在发酵过程中的变化规律具有重要意义, 有助于预测和优化控制土壤杆菌A02发酵和中试放大生产中的关键指标。
通过运用构建的发酵动力学数学模型, 可以在特定的发酵时间, 精准预测发酵过程中的菌体数量、可得然胶产量和蔗糖含量, 为描述发酵动力学特征和可得然胶工业化生产提供理论支持。
  • 宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AAC03735)
  • 2023年度宁夏回族自治区青年科技托举人才培养项目(宁科协发组字〔2024〕6号)
  • 宁夏科技惠民项目(2024CMG03049)
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2025年第16卷第9期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250210002
  • 接收时间:2025-02-10
  • 首发时间:2025-07-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-10
基金
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AAC03735)
2023年度宁夏回族自治区青年科技托举人才培养项目(宁科协发组字〔2024〕6号)
宁夏科技惠民项目(2024CMG03049)
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    1.宁夏计量质量检验检测研究院, 银川 750000
    2.华东师范大学生命科学学院, 上海 200241

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* 姚博伟(1993—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为应用微生物及食品质量安全。E-mail:
* 高红亮(1973—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为应用微生物与酶学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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