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Article(id=1152687440721527445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250120001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737302400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752751701765, onlineDateStr=2025-07-17, pubDate=1747238400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752751701765, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752751701765, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752751701765, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152687434774000221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752751700342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756708585928, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1169283815848555430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1169283815848555431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=193, endPage=198, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152687441350673068, articleId=1152687440721527445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Research progress on the activity of tea polyphenols in Pu’er tea, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As one of the famous teas in China, Pu’er tea has a high reputation at home and abroad. As one of the main active components in tea, tea polyphenols have the effects of lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, regulating intestinal microflora, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, inhibiting viral infection, and anti-bacteria. It has broad application prospects in many fields such as food and medical treatment. With the in-depth development of research and the continuous discovery of new functions of tea polyphenols, it has firmly occupied an important position in contemporary human life in the 21 st century and has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this paper, systematically reviewed the content determination method of tea polyphenols in Pu’er tea and the related research on biological activity in disease prevention and improvement by consulting the relevant literatures published at home and abroad in recent years. The purpose of this review is to provide a scientific basis for the targeted research of tea polyphenols in Pu’er tea, which is conducive to the better use of tea polyphenols in Pu’er tea, so as to provide a positive reference for the innovation and development of Pu’er tea related industries in China.

, correspAuthors=Yong-Chao LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chen-Yu LIU, Ke-Yi CAO, Yu-Li ZHANG, Yong-Chao LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1152687445024883456, articleId=1152687440721527445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=普洱茶中茶多酚活性作用研究进展, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

普洱茶作为中国名茶之一, 在国内外享有盛誉, 而茶多酚作为茶叶中主要活性成分物质之一, 具有降脂、抗炎、调节肠道微生物群、抗氧化、抗癌、抑制病毒感染、抗菌等功效, 在食品、医疗等多个领域具有广泛应用前景。随着研究的深入开展和茶多酚的新功能不断被发现, 其在当代21世纪人类生活中占据重要地位, 吸引了诸多研究人员的关注。本综述通过查阅近年来国内外发表的相关文献, 对普洱茶中茶多酚的生物活性作用在疾病预防和改善方面的相关研究进行系统综述, 旨在为普洱茶中茶多酚的针对性研究提供科学依据, 从而有利于普洱茶中茶多酚更好的发挥效用, 以期为国内普洱茶相关产业创新研发提供积极意义的参考。

, correspAuthors=刘永超, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 刘永超(1978—), 男, 副教授, 主要研究方向为HLA与HIV感染关联性研究、乳腺癌的基因诊断与治疗。E-mail:
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刘宸瑜(2004—), 女, 主要研究方向为医学检验。E-mail:

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刘宸瑜(2004—), 女, 主要研究方向为医学检验。E-mail:

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刘宸瑜(2004—), 女, 主要研究方向为医学检验。E-mail:

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普洱茶中茶多酚活性作用研究进展
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刘宸瑜 , 曹可艺 , 张玉丽 , 刘永超 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(9): 193-198
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(9): 193-198
普洱茶中茶多酚活性作用研究进展
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刘宸瑜 , 曹可艺, 张玉丽, 刘永超*
作者信息
  • 北华大学医学技术学院, 吉林 132013

    • 刘宸瑜(2004—), 女, 主要研究方向为医学检验。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 刘永超(1978—), 男, 副教授, 主要研究方向为HLA与HIV感染关联性研究、乳腺癌的基因诊断与治疗。E-mail:
Research progress on the activity of tea polyphenols in Pu’er tea
Chen-Yu LIU , Ke-Yi CAO, Yu-Li ZHANG, Yong-Chao LIU*
Affiliations
  • Medical Technology College of Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250120001
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摘要
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普洱茶作为中国名茶之一, 在国内外享有盛誉, 而茶多酚作为茶叶中主要活性成分物质之一, 具有降脂、抗炎、调节肠道微生物群、抗氧化、抗癌、抑制病毒感染、抗菌等功效, 在食品、医疗等多个领域具有广泛应用前景。随着研究的深入开展和茶多酚的新功能不断被发现, 其在当代21世纪人类生活中占据重要地位, 吸引了诸多研究人员的关注。本综述通过查阅近年来国内外发表的相关文献, 对普洱茶中茶多酚的生物活性作用在疾病预防和改善方面的相关研究进行系统综述, 旨在为普洱茶中茶多酚的针对性研究提供科学依据, 从而有利于普洱茶中茶多酚更好的发挥效用, 以期为国内普洱茶相关产业创新研发提供积极意义的参考。

普洱茶  /  茶多酚  /  活性作用

As one of the famous teas in China, Pu’er tea has a high reputation at home and abroad. As one of the main active components in tea, tea polyphenols have the effects of lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, regulating intestinal microflora, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, inhibiting viral infection, and anti-bacteria. It has broad application prospects in many fields such as food and medical treatment. With the in-depth development of research and the continuous discovery of new functions of tea polyphenols, it has firmly occupied an important position in contemporary human life in the 21 st century and has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this paper, systematically reviewed the content determination method of tea polyphenols in Pu’er tea and the related research on biological activity in disease prevention and improvement by consulting the relevant literatures published at home and abroad in recent years. The purpose of this review is to provide a scientific basis for the targeted research of tea polyphenols in Pu’er tea, which is conducive to the better use of tea polyphenols in Pu’er tea, so as to provide a positive reference for the innovation and development of Pu’er tea related industries in China.

Pu’er tea  /  tea polyphenols  /  active effect
刘宸瑜, 曹可艺, 张玉丽, 刘永超. 普洱茶中茶多酚活性作用研究进展. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (9) : 193 -198 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250120001
Chen-Yu LIU, Ke-Yi CAO, Yu-Li ZHANG, Yong-Chao LIU. Research progress on the activity of tea polyphenols in Pu’er tea[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (9) : 193 -198 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250120001
正文
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0 引言
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茶作为拥有5000多年历史的一种饮品, 在世界范围内广受欢迎, 并且因其独特风味举世闻名, 广受消费者喜爱, 具有丰富营养和利于健康等良多益处[1]。据研究数据统计, 全球对茶叶的需求不断增加, 茶叶产业作为传统支柱产业, 逐渐成为重要收入来源。近年来对于发展中国家来说, 茶叶种植面积的逐年增加、茶叶产率的稳步增长均为经济持续发展做出了重大贡献。云南是普洱茶的主要产区, 得益于云南鲜明的立体气候与优越的自然条件, 当地普洱茶树的资源丰富, 使得普洱茶产业成为云南省衣食万户的核心产业, 这为云南普洱茶走出国门、走向世界打下了良好基础, 但同时也伴随着激烈的市场竞争及挑战。
普洱茶叶具有独特的品质特征, 因特定的加工工艺制作而分为生普洱茶和熟普洱茶两类[2]。生普洱茶是以云南大叶茶的鲜叶为原料, 经过固定、擀制和晒干后进一步蒸煮、压缩后直接制成, 其化学成分和质量与晒干的绿茶非常相似。而熟普洱茶是在较高的温度(约50 ℃)和较高的湿度条件下, 以地理标志保护范围内的云南大叶种晒青茶为原料, 由微生物进行后发酵过程加工制成, 这独特的固态微生物发酵过程对其生产至关重要。
为促进茶多酚进一步研发及在疾病改善中的高效应用, 本文介绍了茶多酚的生物活性功能, 综述了茶多酚在临床疾病预防治疗中的应用, 为茶多酚与其他成分的生物协同作用及创新产品进一步研发提供积极参考。
1 普洱茶茶多酚的组成
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普洱茶中具有药理作用的化学物质包含茶多酚、茶多糖、总黄酮、茶氨酸等, 其中含量最高的是茶多酚, 其占茶叶总重的15%~35%, 是一种可以从天然茶叶中分离提取获得的多羟基酚类化合物总称。茶多酚包含约30种酚类, 包括30%至42%的儿茶素、5%至10%的黄酮醇和2%至4%的其他类黄酮[3]。
1.1 茶多酚成分分类
普洱茶中的茶多酚主要包括以下3类: 儿茶素类、酚酸类、茶色素类。普洱茶的保健功能主要依赖于茶多酚的主体儿茶素, 约占茶多酚总量的60%~80%, 占茶叶干重的12%~24%, 主要包含表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG)、表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin, EGC)、没食子儿茶素(galligallocatechin, GC)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate, ECG)、儿茶素没食子酸酯(catechin gallate, CG)、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(galligallocatechin gallate, GCG)、儿茶素(catechin, C)、表儿茶素(epicatechin, EC)在内的8种单体[4-5]。普洱生茶中, 儿茶素类物质含量较高, 但经过渥堆发酵后, 部分单体通过氧化、聚合转化为茶色素类物质。酚酸类物质包含没食子酸(gallic acid, GA)、咖啡酸、绿原酸。茶色素类物质主要有茶黄素(theoflavin, Tfs)、茶红素(thearubigin, TRs)、茶褐素(theabrownin, TBs), 其中TBs占比最多, 高达60%~80%。EGCG和TBs分别是生普洱茶和熟普洱茶的主要成分[6]。在生普洱茶中, EGCG是从茶叶中分离得到的儿茶素类单体, 是茶多酚生物活性的主要成份, 作为研究最广泛深入的物质, 其与许多潜在健康益处有关。而对于熟普洱茶, 在保健方面发挥主要作用的是TBs, 其为渥堆发酵过程中, 由黑曲霉、根霉等微生物分泌多种氧化酶催化, 经过氧化聚合最终形成[7]。
1.2 加工工艺与陈化对茶多酚成分影响
普洱茶因加工工艺的不同可分为生普洱茶和熟普洱茶。生普洱茶加工工艺为晒青茶精制、蒸压成型、干燥和包装, 熟普洱茶分为散茶和紧压茶, 增加了后发酵工艺[8]。生普洱茶以未发酵茶为主, 儿茶素含量较高, 口感偏苦涩, 抗氧化作用较强。陈化可以促使茶多酚进一步转化, 含量降低, 儿茶素逐渐氧化为TRs和TBs, 但GA含量上升[9-10]。随着陈化时间的延长, TBs含量持续增加, 同时酚酸类成分缓慢降解, 形成更独特的风味。熟普洱茶经渥堆发酵后, 儿茶素含量下降, TBs和酚酸类物质显著增加。不同年份的普洱茶中茶多酚含量变化速度不同, 第1年和第3年的变化不大, 到第5年茶多酚含量急剧下降, 此后茶多酚含量减少的速度明显下降[11]。加工工艺不同也造就了普洱茶形态、色泽、香气、滋味的不同。生普洱茶的条索松散, 茶汤色泽由橙黄变为棕红, 陈香悠长, 浓醇带甜。熟普洱茶的条索紧实, 茶汤色泽由褐红清亮-红褐明亮-红浓明亮-红浓尚清的变化趋势, 香气由清甜香-甜香-陈香高长的变化趋势, 滋味呈现醇正-浓尚醇-醇厚-醇滑带陈香-醇滑回甘带陈香的变化趋势[12]。
2 茶多酚的活性作用
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现有研究表明, 茶多酚具有各种潜在的健康益处, 如降脂、抗炎、调节肠道微生物群、抗氧化、抗癌、抗菌等作用。
2.1 降脂功效
生普洱茶和熟普洱茶都能够通过抑制脂肪细胞分化、调节脂质代谢和改善肠道菌群的方式发挥降脂功效, 但二者在不同途径中的调节作用有差异[13]。脂质代谢受到多条信号途径共同调控, 维持细胞内脂质动态平衡。近年来, 许多研究表明, EGCG可以通过多种信号通路治疗肥胖。EGCG作为促氧化剂, 增强活性氧的产生, 从而激活蛋白激酶, 抑制脂肪生成, 同时通过调节各种酶和转录因子的基因和蛋白质表达来增加脂肪分解, 从而产生抗肥胖作用[14]。WANG等[15]体外实验表明, EGCG能通过抑制Notch1蛋白表达促进脂肪细胞线粒体生物生成和解偶联蛋白1表达, 从而促进白色脂肪细胞褐变,改善肥胖。对于肥胖相关并发症, WU等[16]开展动物实验后得出结论, 补充EGCG (100 mg/kg体重)可以通过调节瘦素受体而降低血清和肝脏中的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯水平, 并改善葡萄糖耐受不良。在食品领域, 一方面, 根据普洱茶茶多酚在降脂方面的巨大潜力, ZHANG等[17]经动物实验表明, 当TBs含量为560 mg/kg体重时, TBs与小鼠血脂浓度的调节有关, 充分说明TBs可以作为膳食补充剂在健康促进和体重管理中具有极高的应用价值。另一方面, 鉴于人们对减肥的追求程度, 研发具有减肥功效的健康普洱茶饮料配方成为新型保健茶饮料开发领域的重要方向。
2.2 抗炎作用
茶多酚的抗炎作用主要表现在抑制参与炎症反应的基因表达、降低炎症因子表达以及调节信号通路等方面, 通过调节代谢功能, 促进炎症损伤的修复。在抑制参与炎症反应的基因表达方面, HOSSEN等[18]研究发现EGCG经摄入后到达肠道, 并可以通过减少NO和活性氧自由基(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的产生、抑制Toll样受体4 (toll-like receptor 4, TLR4)蛋白表达以及抑制核因子κB抑制蛋白α (inhibitor of NF-κB alpha, IκB)和核转录因子-κB-p65 (nuclear factor kappa B subunit p65, NF-κBp65)磷酸化来发挥抗炎作用。在降低炎症因子表达方面, QIN等[19]通过动物实验表明EGCG可以通过MEG3/TAF15/AIM2轴来保护心肌细胞, 抑制黑色素瘤缺乏因子2 (absentinmelanoma 2, AIM2)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1 (cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease-1, C-caspase-1)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, ASC)、白介素-18 (interleukin-18, IL-18)和白介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)的表达, 从而抑制炎症, 改善心肌细胞活力, 对急性心肌梗死具有潜在保护作用。AYUSSO等[20]由大鼠对照实验得出茶多酚可以减弱肾脏组织中的炎性介质核因子Kappa B (nuclear factor Kappa B, NF-kB)、环氧合酶-2 (cyclooxygenase, COX2)、白细胞介素-1b (interleukin-1b, IL-1b)和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, MCP-1)的增加, 并增加肾脏组织中抗炎细胞因子白介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)和白介素-10 (interleukin-10, IL-10)的表达, 以直接阻断炎症级联反应的方式防止肾毒性。LING等[21]经动物实验发现茶多酚具有抑制NLR家族Pyrin域蛋白3 (NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, NLRP3)炎性小体相关炎症的特性, 可以抑制尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶4 (NADPH oxidase 4, NOX4)表达和减少肺组织中氧化应激的调节机制减轻急性肺损伤。LIU等[22]研究发现茶多酚治疗可以通过NF-κB/NLRP3通路在体外抑制脂多糖诱导的炎症因子的产生, 从而达到改善疾病的作用。
鉴于茶多酚的良好抗炎作用, 其在治疗修复方面具有广阔的应用前景。OUYANG等[23]开发了一种仿生纳米平台, 针对哮喘的发炎组织, 利用茶多酚的抗炎特性, 创建茶多酚的靶向递送载体, 这一方法在很大程度上减轻了肺部炎症, 减少了肺部Ⅱ型促炎细胞因子的分泌, 并且在体外和体内均表现出优异的生物相容性和安全性。AYUNINGSIH等[24]经临床实验利用茶多酚提取物制成乳霜, 并表明茶多酚可以通过抗炎机制增加胶原蛋白的产生、使成纤维细胞增殖, 具备有效发挥修复及改善妊娠纹的作用。
2.3 调节肠道微生物菌群
肠道微生物菌群是一个复杂的微生态环境, 有自己的代谢机制, 在免疫和代谢中位居中心作用, 作用广泛, 能调节炎症产物的释放, 促进生理节律以及与其他器官和组织的交流。DENG等[25]经过高脂饮食小鼠评估实验后表明熟普洱提取物可能通过促进有益微生物群的增殖, 更有效地将高脂饮食引起的菌群失调恢复正常。但值得注意的是, 现已有研究表明摄入高浓度EGCG (1500 mg/kg)会导致小鼠出现肝毒性。因此, 合理剂量的茶多酚摄入极为重要。YE等[26]研究发现熟普洱茶, 可以缓解与调节肠道微生物群相关的肥胖疾病。ZHANG等[27]经模型实验表明TBs增加了产生丁酸的微生物群的丰度, 有效改善肠道健康。在一些普洱茶品种中,普洱降脂素被认为是最丰富的多酚类化合物[28]。HUANG等[29]首次发现普洱降脂素能促进健康的肠道微生物群。高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠在摄入茶多酚后, 可观察到体内对肠道有益的细菌Akkermansia含量增多[30]。WANG等[31]在口服普洱多酚提取物的小鼠中可检测到乳酸菌的相对丰度显著增加。众所周知乳酸菌是一种常用于肠道保护的益生菌, 具有改善肥胖、高脂血症, 减少炎症损伤等作用。以上研究证明茶多酚对肠道微生物群向有益方面调节具有着重要作用。
2.4 抗氧化作用
在健康细胞中, ROS的产生消除之间保持平衡, 当平衡被打破, ROS过量会引起组织损伤从而导致衰老以及疾病的发生。茶多酚源自天然茶叶, 被广泛认为是抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂的极好来源, 出于健康考虑, 天然抗氧化剂越来越受欢迎。普洱茶中茶多酚具有很强的抗氧化活性, 能够清除体内过多的自由基, 抑制活性氧的生成, 保护细胞免受氧化损伤。WANG等[32]经动物实验对照表明茶多酚可增强免疫力和抗氧化能力。经体外抗氧活性测定, 翟淑红等[33]得出数据表示普洱茶样品的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine, DPPH)自由基清除率较高, 为80.5%, 且清除能力与茶多酚浓度呈剂量依赖关系。与熟普洱茶相比, 生普洱茶的抗氧化能力与茶多酚含量相关性更强[34]。在不同蒸压工艺对普洱茶抗氧化活性影响方面, 苏菁晶等[35]探索后表明压饼打散处理会使生普洱茶及熟普洱茶的抗氧化活性降低, 蒸汽、湿闷、压饼后烘干处理有利于抗氧化活性的提高, 猜测是茶多酚含量在高温潮湿的过程受到影响, 从而导致抗氧化活性的增加。已知GA是一种天然存在于茶叶中的多酚化合物, 被视为天然抗氧化剂。LEE等[36]经研究表明GA利用抗氧化特性, 可以下调肾脏miR-709a-5p表达, 应用于糖尿病肾病的治疗。
2.5 抗癌特性
基于与癌症相关的各种风险因素似乎与日俱增, 就发病率和死亡率在不断攀升而言, 癌症是全球最值得人们关注的疾病之一[37]。虽然现有的癌症治疗方法, 如手术、化疗、放疗和免疫疗法已表现出一定的有效性, 但它们往往缺乏特异性, 并可能导致严重的副作用[38]。鉴于传统抗癌药物有副作用且成本高, 天然物质以低成本、易获得的优点受到研究人员们的广泛关注。相关研究表明[39], 茶多酚通过调控细胞周期、细胞信号转导、血管生成等途径来抑制肿瘤细胞生长并诱导其凋亡。
BEHENA等[40]经分子动力学模拟表明连苯三酚基序使EGCG能够维持高水平的稳定性和亲和力, 且该构象使EGCG通过直接抑制肿瘤抑制蛋白p53发挥其抗癌特性。IPPOLITO等[41]经研究表明可以通过增强抗氧化能力来抵消活性氧ROS的增加, 线粒体可以产生并耐受高水平的ROS, 而ROS在与肿瘤增殖、存活和转移具有密切联系。在充分的理论基础上, 茶多酚被广泛应用于在癌症治疗的产品研发领域, 在癌症干预方面起到良好作用。YANG等[42]基于纳米技术的策略能够克服生物利用度差的问题, 比较分析不同多酚纳米药物促进ROS产生及其靶向线粒体抑制癌症机制, 并表明多酚纳米药物在癌症治疗方面具有诸多益处。鉴于全身给药可能会对正常组织造成严重的副作用, GUO等[43]基于EGCG能够抑制NF-κB通路促进前列腺癌细胞凋亡, 减少原有的雄激素剥夺疗法副作用的优点, 利用茶多酚工程杂交细胞纳米囊泡抑制肿瘤生长, 延长寿命。同时, MAQBOOL等[44]表明TBs在能够抑制细胞增殖和减小肿瘤大小方面的同时对正常细胞的伤害最小, 其潜在抗癌机制有望成为一种新型抗癌药物。
2.6 抗菌活性
茶多酚的抑菌谱广, 对多种革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌均有抑制作用。相关研究表明[45], 茶多酚对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿色假单杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、肺炎链球菌有明显的抑制作用, 而且随着茶多酚浓度的增加, 其抑菌率随之增加。在此基础上, 针对3种肠道致病菌, 高治江等[46]开展研究发现生普洱茶对大肠杆菌的抑制作用>福氏志贺菌>肠炎沙门菌; 而熟普洱茶对肠炎沙门菌、福氏志贺菌的抑制作用大于对大肠杆菌的抑制作用。此外, 基于其良好的抗菌活性, 茶多酚在食品、药品中均具有潜在应用。在预防疾病方面, LIAO等[47]研究表明普洱消脂素可以作为一种洗涤剂, 通过渗透到导致人类蛀牙的病原体细菌化学结构中, 抑制菌斑生物膜在牙齿表面的形成, 对预防这种口腔疾病发挥有效作用。此外, 化学药物是减少食源性病原体细菌危害的最常用方法。然而, 长期服用会增加病原菌的耐药性, 甚至产生不利影响。相较之下, 天然茶多酚具有安全性高的优点, 深受消费者欢迎。
2.7 其他药理功能作用
由于普洱茶特定的生长环境和制作工艺, 其成分复杂且动态变化, 这也是其生物活性多样化的物质基础。目前对于茶多酚的生物活性功能在疾病改善方面及相应机制的研究仍在探索阶段。除此之外, 还有众多研究表明茶多酚对骨质疏松症[48]、糖尿病[49]、高胆固醇血症[50]、心血管疾病[51]、帕金森病[52]、代谢性疾病[53]、神经退行性疾病[54]等疾病均具有改善作用。
3 结束语
收起
随着现代研究的深入发展, 广大群众健康意识的不断提高, 普洱茶中的化学性功能物质即茶多酚的健康价值也被不断挖掘。现有研究表明, 茶多酚具有各种潜在的健康益处, 如降脂、抗炎、调节肠道微生物群、抗氧化、抗癌、抑制病毒感染、抗菌等作用, 但研究多基于细胞或动物模型, 人群干预数据有限, 且剂量效应关系尚不明确。此外, 茶多酚在体内的作用靶点尚不完全明确, 其在大规模生产应用中的安全性研究还需进一步探索。目前, 针对茶多酚的活性作用研究主要集中于儿茶素类化合物, 而其他类物质作用研究相对较少。本文通过综述近年来茶多酚类物质在预防控制疾病方面活性作用的研究进展, 总结了茶多酚主要功能及对疾病预防及治疗的作用, 以期为茶多酚类保健功能等产品的开发提供一些借鉴。同时, 进一步探索茶多酚和其他不同生物活性化合物的可能协同作用引起了学者们的广泛关注, 在完善相关作用机制研究后, 基于个体特征定制关于茶多酚的创新产品方案可以使普洱茶得到高价值利用, 在促进人体健康、预防和控制相关疾病方面有很大的研究前景。未来研究的重要着力点应聚焦于在结合分子机制的基础上, 推动从基础实验研究到产业化应用的跨越。相信随着研究的不断深入, 普洱茶中茶多酚的活性作用将得到更加充分地利用。
基金
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  • 吉林省教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度重点课题项目(ZD22031)
  • 吉林省教育厅2023教学改革重点课题项目(SJY-0122697)
  • 大学生创新创业项目(202310201060S)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第16卷第9期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250120001
  • 接收时间：2025-01-20
  • 首发时间：2025-07-17
  • 出版时间：2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-20
基金
吉林省教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度重点课题项目(ZD22031)
吉林省教育厅2023教学改革重点课题项目(SJY-0122697)
大学生创新创业项目(202310201060S)
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    北华大学医学技术学院, 吉林 132013

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* 刘永超(1978—), 男, 副教授, 主要研究方向为HLA与HIV感染关联性研究、乳腺癌的基因诊断与治疗。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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