Article(id=1152687440687968895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250221003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740067200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752751701753, onlineDateStr=2025-07-17, pubDate=1747238400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752751701753, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752751701750, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752751701750, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152687434774000221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752751700342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756708585928, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1169283815848555430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1169283815848555431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=92, endPage=98, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152687441333891720, articleId=1152687440687968895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Analysis of endogenous and growth stage distribution characteristics of vanillin in Oryza sativa, columnId=1152687436694995508, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Grain and Oil Processing and Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the endogeneity and distribution characteristics of vanillin in different growth stages of Oryza sativa. Methods Longjing 46, Yanfeng, and Liaoxing were selected as the experimental materials. Samples were taken at different parts of Oryza sativa during its whole growth period. The vanillin content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Results Vanillin was present in Oryza sativa plants as early as the seedling stage. Its content in roots and leaves was 1100-1450 μg/kg and 596-972 μg/kg, respectively. During the growth process of Oryza sativa, the vanillin content in roots reached its peak at heading stage, with a content of 6560-8900 μg/kg. Subsequently, from full-heading stage to maturity stage, the vanillin content in roots gradually decreased, and at maturity stage, the content dropped to 2900-3230 μg/kg. The vanillin content in the leaves reached its peak at maturity stage. The vanillin in Oryza sativa grains started to accumulate continuously from the dough stage and reached its peak at maturity stage. In addition, at the late stage of reproductive growth, the vanillin content in the upper part of the plant (flag leaves and the upper part of the stem) was significantly higher than that in the lower part of the plant (lower leaves and the lower part of the stem), and the vanillin content in Oryza sativa husk was extremely significantly higher than that in the brown Oryza sativa. Conclusion This study confirms that vanillin has a natural background throughout the whole growth period of Oryza sativa, and vanillin is endogenously produced for the first time. Its content shows stage-specific and differential changes at different parts and growth stages. It is speculated that it may be a natural growth regulator of Oryza sativa.

, correspAuthors=Hao-Jie WANG, Gao-Feng CAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ya YU, Jia LIU, Xiao-Lin ZHANG, Hong-Yun YANG, WANG-Jian, Xiu-Hong CHEN, Hai-Qing XU, Dan YANG, Hao-Jie WANG, Gao-Feng CAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1152687456815067163, articleId=1152687440687968895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=水稻香兰素内源性及生长阶段分布特征分析, columnId=1152687437265420855, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:粮油加工与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究水稻香兰素内源性及生长阶段分布特征。方法 选取龙粳46、盐丰和辽星作为供试材料, 对水稻全生长周期的不同部位进行动态取样, 并采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法测定香兰素含量。结果 香兰素在水稻苗期便已存在植株中, 根部和叶片中的含量分别为1100~1450 μg/kg和596~972 μg/kg。在水稻生长过程中, 根部含量在抽穗期达到峰值, 为6560~8900 μg/kg, 从齐穗期至完熟期, 根部香兰素含量逐渐降低, 完熟期时含量降至2900~3230 μg/kg; 叶片中香兰素含量则在完熟期达到峰值; 稻米中香兰素自腊熟期开始积累, 至完熟期含量达到峰值。在生殖生长后期, 植株上部(剑叶和茎上部)的香兰素含量高于植株下部(下部叶片和茎下部); 稻壳中香兰素含量极显著高于糙米。结论 本研究首次明确证实水稻全生育期均有香兰素本底存在, 确认香兰素为内源产生, 其含量在不同部位和生育期呈现阶段性与差异性变化。推测其作用可能是水稻的天然生长调节剂。

, correspAuthors=王浩杰, 曹高峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王浩杰(1979—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E-mail:
曹高峰(1973—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=J5XBE6V5WCab0Q2cHyM/xQ==, magXml=XudrrX1iuXYP3D7vY2CNvA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=iMvmgRJl3udTX+u+wzS1Qg==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=vnD/8d3KKXB07NP96V8OYg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

于娅(1976—), 女, 博士, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E-mail:

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于娅(1976—), 女, 博士, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E-mail:

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注: ***表示组间具有极显著性差异(P<0.001)。

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水稻香兰素内源性及生长阶段分布特征分析
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于娅 1, 2 , 刘佳 1, 2 , 张晓琳 1, 2 , 杨红云 1, 2 , 王健 1, 2 , 陈修红 1, 2 , 徐海青 1, 2 , 杨丹 1, 2 , 王浩杰 3, * , 曹高峰 3, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:粮油加工与质量安全 2025,16(9): 92-98
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:粮油加工与质量安全 2025, 16(9): 92-98
水稻香兰素内源性及生长阶段分布特征分析
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于娅1, 2 , 刘佳1, 2, 张晓琳1, 2, 杨红云1, 2, 王健1, 2, 陈修红1, 2, 徐海青1, 2, 杨丹1, 2, 王浩杰3, * , 曹高峰3, *
作者信息
  • 1.国家副食品质量检验检测中心, 国贸食品科学研究院有限公司, 北京 102209
  • 2.营养健康与食品安全北京市重点实验室, 中粮营养健康研究院有限公司, 北京 102209
  • 3.中粮集团有限公司质量安全管理部, 北京 100020
  • 于娅(1976—), 女, 博士, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王浩杰(1979—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E-mail:
曹高峰(1973—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E-mail:
Analysis of endogenous and growth stage distribution characteristics of vanillin in Oryza sativa
Ya YU1, 2 , Jia LIU1, 2, Xiao-Lin ZHANG1, 2, Hong-Yun YANG1, 2, WANG-Jian1, 2, Xiu-Hong CHEN1, 2, Hai-Qing XU1, 2, Dan YANG1, 2, Hao-Jie WANG3, * , Gao-Feng CAO3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. National Center for Quality Inspection and Testing of Non-stape Foods, International Trade Food Science Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
  • 2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Food Safety, Quality and Safety Department, COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
  • 3. Department of Quality and Safety Management, COFCO Group, Beijing 100020, China
出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250221003
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目的 研究水稻香兰素内源性及生长阶段分布特征。方法 选取龙粳46、盐丰和辽星作为供试材料, 对水稻全生长周期的不同部位进行动态取样, 并采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法测定香兰素含量。结果 香兰素在水稻苗期便已存在植株中, 根部和叶片中的含量分别为1100~1450 μg/kg和596~972 μg/kg。在水稻生长过程中, 根部含量在抽穗期达到峰值, 为6560~8900 μg/kg, 从齐穗期至完熟期, 根部香兰素含量逐渐降低, 完熟期时含量降至2900~3230 μg/kg; 叶片中香兰素含量则在完熟期达到峰值; 稻米中香兰素自腊熟期开始积累, 至完熟期含量达到峰值。在生殖生长后期, 植株上部(剑叶和茎上部)的香兰素含量高于植株下部(下部叶片和茎下部); 稻壳中香兰素含量极显著高于糙米。结论 本研究首次明确证实水稻全生育期均有香兰素本底存在, 确认香兰素为内源产生, 其含量在不同部位和生育期呈现阶段性与差异性变化。推测其作用可能是水稻的天然生长调节剂。

水稻  /  香兰素  /  内源性  /  质量安全标准  /  天然合成

Objective To investigate the endogeneity and distribution characteristics of vanillin in different growth stages of Oryza sativa. Methods Longjing 46, Yanfeng, and Liaoxing were selected as the experimental materials. Samples were taken at different parts of Oryza sativa during its whole growth period. The vanillin content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Results Vanillin was present in Oryza sativa plants as early as the seedling stage. Its content in roots and leaves was 1100-1450 μg/kg and 596-972 μg/kg, respectively. During the growth process of Oryza sativa, the vanillin content in roots reached its peak at heading stage, with a content of 6560-8900 μg/kg. Subsequently, from full-heading stage to maturity stage, the vanillin content in roots gradually decreased, and at maturity stage, the content dropped to 2900-3230 μg/kg. The vanillin content in the leaves reached its peak at maturity stage. The vanillin in Oryza sativa grains started to accumulate continuously from the dough stage and reached its peak at maturity stage. In addition, at the late stage of reproductive growth, the vanillin content in the upper part of the plant (flag leaves and the upper part of the stem) was significantly higher than that in the lower part of the plant (lower leaves and the lower part of the stem), and the vanillin content in Oryza sativa husk was extremely significantly higher than that in the brown Oryza sativa. Conclusion This study confirms that vanillin has a natural background throughout the whole growth period of Oryza sativa, and vanillin is endogenously produced for the first time. Its content shows stage-specific and differential changes at different parts and growth stages. It is speculated that it may be a natural growth regulator of Oryza sativa.

Oryza sativa  /  vanillin  /  endogeneity  /  quality and safety standards  /  natural synthesis
于娅, 刘佳, 张晓琳, 杨红云, 王健, 陈修红, 徐海青, 杨丹, 王浩杰, 曹高峰. 水稻香兰素内源性及生长阶段分布特征分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (9) : 92 -98 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250221003
Ya YU, Jia LIU, Xiao-Lin ZHANG, Hong-Yun YANG, WANG-Jian, Xiu-Hong CHEN, Hai-Qing XU, Dan YANG, Hao-Jie WANG, Gao-Feng CAO. Analysis of endogenous and growth stage distribution characteristics of vanillin in Oryza sativa[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (9) : 92 -98 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250221003
香兰素, 是一种在食品领域应用广泛的化合物, 分子式为C8H8O3, 相对分子质量152.15, 化学名是4-羟基-3-甲氧基-苯甲醛, 又称香草醛、香兰醛, 能够散发香荚兰豆香气及浓郁奶香, 因此常被用作合成香料[1-3]。然而, 香兰素的使用也有一定限制。依据GB 2760—2024《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》, 我国明确禁止在包括大米在内的28种食品中添加香兰素[4-5]。自2022年起, 大米中香兰素被列入国家风险监测计划, 其在大米中的存在情况受到了严格监管[6]。2023年央视315晚会曝光的“香精大米”事件, 更是将香兰素推至舆论的风口浪尖, 引发社会各界对大米质量安全的高度关注。
水稻, 世界第二大粮食作物, 作为世界上60%人口的主食, 其质量安全至关重要[7]。近年来, 陆续有关于香兰素在大米中检出的报道。2023年, 陈仁熙等[8]对随机购买的203份市售大米和10份稻谷的米壳和米糠进行检测, 结果显示大米中含有内源性香兰素的可能性较大。2024年, 张琛等[9]对21个品种39份成熟的田间水稻样品的稻秆、稻壳、糙米的香兰素进行检测, 结果表明水稻3个部位均检出香兰素, 且香兰素主要分布于糙米外层, 由此推测大米的香兰素可能为内源产生。同年, 吴正双等[10-11]发现多批次不同产地的大米、多批次的稻谷及其加工产品(糙米或精米)均有香兰素检出, 且含量随着加工精度的提高而依次递减, 佐证了大米中可能存在天然香兰素。尽管这些研究表明水稻中可能存在内源性香兰素, 但目前尚未有确切的内源性研究报道。水稻中内源性香兰素的存在与否, 已然成为行业关注的焦点。
针对此问题, 本研究开展了系统的田间试验, 对水稻全生长周期的香兰素含量进行动态监测, 旨在解决水稻香兰素是否为内源性的行业谜题。此前, 水稻内源性香兰素的研究领域近乎空白, 本研究成果有望成为该领域的开拓性探索, 为监管部门的精准执法以及政府制定科学合理的监管政策提供理论基础。
本研究于2024年在辽宁省沈阳市一农场(41.63°N、123.33°E)进行。供试材料品种为龙粳46、盐丰和辽星。其中, 龙粳46是沈阳本地常规香稻品种, 盐丰和辽星是辽宁种植面积最大的品种。自播种到收获的生育期约160 d; 土壤理化性质: 有机质23.6 g/kg、全氮1.38 g/kg、速效钾2.75×102 mg/kg、有效磷39.2 mg/kg, pH 7.0; 基质育秧, 2024年4月23日播种, 2024年6月3日移栽, 5苗/穴; 基肥为掺混肥0.06 kg/m3, 采用一次性全施肥法; 移栽后按照传统方法进行田间管理。
在水稻全生长周期, 苗期、分蘖期和拔节-孕穗期, 分别取根和叶两个部位; 抽穗期、齐穗期和完熟期, 分别取根、茎和叶3个部位。腊熟期和完熟期分别取稻谷样品。为更精准分析香兰素在各部位的分布差异, 对抽穗期、齐穗期和完熟期的茎、叶进一步细分, 其中茎分为茎上部和茎下部, 叶分为剑叶和其他下部叶; 腊熟期和完熟期的稻谷分为稻壳和糙米, 糙米是指去除稻壳后, 仍保留了米糠层和胚芽部分的未精加工米粒。为确保实验数据的准确性与可靠性, 每组实验均设置3次重复, 每次从上述各生长周期及细分部位中采集样本, 随后针对所采集的样本开展香兰素含量测定工作。
香兰素含量测定采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法, 前处理方法按照国家补充检验方法BJS 201705《食品中香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素的测定》执行, 液相色谱条件为: 采用Waters Atlantis T3液相色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm); 流动相为甲醇(A相)和0.1%甲酸水溶液(B相)。质谱条件为: 电离模式为电喷雾离子源正离子(electro spray ionization, ESI+), 离子监测方式为多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)[8]
数据采用SPSS 26.0软件进行t-test测验统计分析, 使用Excel 2019和Origin 2024软件进行绘图。
图1可知, 在水稻生长的苗期阶段, 根部便已检测到香兰素, 其中龙粳、盐丰和辽星3个品种, 根部含量为1100~1450 μg/kg。在植株营养生长阶段, 即从苗期到分蘖期, 香兰素在根部含量呈逐渐上升趋势。进入拔节-孕穗期和抽穗期, 根部香兰素含量迅速增加, 并在抽穗期达到峰值, 龙粳、盐丰和辽星的含量为6560~8900 μg/kg。随后, 从齐穗期到完熟期, 根部香兰素含量逐渐降低, 在完熟期时, 含量降至2900~3230 μg/kg; 水稻叶片中香兰素同样在苗期就已存在, 初始含量为596~972 μg/kg, 随着水稻生长期的进行, 叶片香兰素含量持续增加, 尤其自齐穗期到完熟期这一阶段, 含量增长速度加快, 并在完熟期达到最高值(4865~6480 μg/kg); 茎部香兰素含量的变化规律与叶片类似, 从齐穗期开始快速累积, 直至完熟期达到峰值。作为水稻生殖器官的稻谷, 从腊熟期到完熟期, 香兰素含量逐渐增加, 至完熟期其含量达到最高值(5240~5850 μg/kg)。
综上所述, 水稻不同部位香兰素含量的变化呈现出明显的阶段性与差异性。根部香兰素在营养生长阶段逐步增加, 在生殖生长前期快速增长至峰值后开始下降; 叶片和茎部在生长后期快速积累, 在完熟期达到峰值; 稻米则从腊熟期开启积累, 至完熟期达到峰值。
抽穗期作为生殖生长的关键阶段, 此时水稻营养生长基本停止, 生长重心全面转移至生殖生长。水稻的绝大部分光合产物会优先输送至穗部, 为花粉的发育及后续籽粒的形成等生殖过程提供物质与能量支持。基于此, 本研究在抽穗期、齐穗期和完熟期这3个关键时间节点, 对水稻剑叶、下部叶与茎上部和茎下部等进行了香兰素含量的测定, 进一步明确生殖生长时期水稻茎和叶片中香兰素含量变化。
图2可知, 在抽穗期, 水稻植株不同部位的香兰素含量呈现出分布差异。其中, 下部叶片含量为1400~ 2450 μg/kg, 剑叶含量为1070~1720 μg/kg; 茎上部含量为581~717 μg/kg, 茎下部含量为466~511 μg/kg, 茎上部的香兰素含量高于茎下部; 进入齐穗期, 香兰素在叶片中的分布发生变化, 剑叶含量提升至2430~2890 μg/kg, 下部叶片含量降至1080~1260 μg/kg, 此时剑叶的香兰素含量高于下部叶片, 而茎上部含量为776~1103 μg/kg, 茎下部含量为658~858 μg/kg, 茎上部含量高于茎下部含量; 至完熟期, 植株上部(剑叶和茎上部)香兰素含量达到5510~7085 μg/kg, 植株下部(下部叶片和茎下部)为4190~5900 μg/kg, 植株上部的香兰素含量高于植株下部。综上所述, 推测水稻植株体内香兰素的分布存在一定规律, 茎上部的香兰素含量高于茎下部, 剑叶的香兰素含量高于下部叶, 整体表现为生殖后期植株上部高于下部。
图3可知龙粳、盐丰和辽星糙米和稻壳香兰素含量的变化情况。在腊熟期, 稻壳和糙米中香兰素含量分别为3354~4300 μg/kg和76~100 μg/kg; 至完熟期, 稻壳中香兰素含量进一步升高到6170~6980 μg/kg, 糙米中香兰素含量也增长至121~145 μg/kg。从腊熟期到完熟期, 随着水稻生长进程的推进, 稻壳和糙米中香兰素含量均呈现出明显上升趋势。值得注意的是, 在整个生长过程中, 稻壳中香兰素含量极显著高于糙米(P<0.001)。
在大米香兰素检测方面, 前人已经开展了一些研究工作。例如陈仁熙等[8]采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行香兰素和乙基香兰素的检测, 在198份大米中均检出香兰素, 其中, 10批次大米样品中香兰素含量为217.04~456.23 μg/kg, 对应米糠中香兰素含量在5710.91~18470.62 μg/kg之间。吴正双等[10]同样采用该检测方法, 对香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素含量进行测定, 结果表明在209批次大米中均检测到香兰素, 含量主要集中于100~222 μg/kg; 稻谷及其加工产品也均检出香兰素, 且含量随着加工精度的提升而递减。张琛等[9]利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对多份田间水稻样品的香兰素含量进行检测, 发现稻壳和糙米样品中均存在香兰素, 且主要分布于糙米外层。以上研究对象仅限于在市场上的商品米或糙米中检测到香兰素的存在, 并不能确定香兰素为内源产生。为此, 本研究设计并开展了田间种植试验, 对龙粳、盐丰和辽星进行全生长期香兰素指标的动态监测, 从水稻生长源头进行研究。实验结果表明, 供试品种在全生长期全株均有香兰素本底存在, 证实了香兰素为内源性产生, 且在苗期根部和叶片已经存在, 稻米中香兰素含量在完熟期达到峰值。而水稻香兰素含量存在差异的原因, 主要是由于品种特性、土壤理化性质、温度和光照等生长因素及收获后储藏因素等多方面因素共同作用导致。
此前多项研究已逐步揭示内源性香兰素在部分作物中的存在。如CHU等[12]采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法对发芽中国野生稻(Zizania latifolia)抗氧化活性、代谢产物、酚酸、类黄酮和酚类生物合成基因的动态变化进行研究, 实验结果表明对羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲醛、香兰素等在发芽过程中显著增加。LU等[13]研究指出, 使用气相色谱-质谱法在番茄品种XK8根系分泌物中鉴定出香兰素是一种独特的化合物(与易感番茄品种相比)。刘川等[14]、刘建国等[15]、赵天培等[16]的研究表明, 油菜籽和芝麻香油中也存在内源性香兰素。本研究结果同样证实, 龙粳、盐丰和辽星3个水稻品种在全生长周期内, 全株均有香兰素本底存在, 这一发现为水稻作物中内源性香兰素的存在提供了直接证据。李艳春等[17]对连作茶树根际病原菌(Alternaria sp.)及其拮抗菌(Pseudomonas sp.)的研究表明, 根际土壤中检测到对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、香兰素、丁香酸、阿魏酸5种酚酸类物质, 其平均配比为38:229:11:11:3。本研究也表明, 在苗期根中便能检测到香兰素, 作为一种酚类物质, 香兰素可能参与复杂的根际生态过程。例如, 在水稻根中可能具有化感作用, 还可能参与植物的防御反应, 调节根系生长发育等。香兰素在水稻生长过程中的具体作用机制, 值得进一步深入研究。
本研究发现, 水稻内源性香兰素在不同生长阶段和植株部位呈现明显的分布特征。在营养生长阶段, 香兰素主要积累于根部, 含量随植株生长逐步增加; 进入生殖生长阶段后, 根部香兰素含量在抽穗期达到峰值后开始下降, 而叶片和茎部的香兰素含量则显著上升, 并在完熟期达到最高值。糙米中的香兰素从腊熟期开始积累, 至完熟期达到峰值。这种分布趋势可能与香兰素在水稻生长发育中的生理功能密切相关。值得注意的是, 本研究发现稻壳中的香兰素含量显著高于糙米, 这与前人研究结果一致[9]。这可能与香兰素在籽粒保护中的作用有关。研究表明, 香兰素对多种病原菌具有抑制作用, 其在稻壳中的高含量可能有助于抵御病原菌侵染, 保护籽粒发育[12]
从物质运输的角度来看, 香兰素作为一种小分子有机化合物, 其在水稻体内的转运可能主要通过维管束系统进行。木质部主要负责水分和无机盐的向上运输, 而韧皮部则承担着光合产物等有机物的双向运输。研究表明, 次生代谢产物在植物体内的长距离运输主要依赖韧皮部[18]。因此, 香兰素很可能通过韧皮部实现从合成部位(如根部)向其他器官的输送。在生殖生长后期, 植株上部的香兰素含量显著高于下部, 这可能与光合产物的优先分配有关, 即光合产物优先供给正在发育的穗部[19]
从生理功能的角度来看, 香兰素可能在水稻生长发育中发挥多重作用。研究表明, 香兰素及其衍生物具有抗氧化、抗菌和促进植物生长等特性[20-21]。在水稻营养生长阶段, 根部积累的香兰素可能参与根系发育和防御反应; 而在生殖生长阶段, 香兰素向地上部的转移可能有助于穗部发育和籽粒保护。此外, 香兰素还可能参与植物激素信号的调控。已有研究表明, 一些植物激素能够调节次生代谢产物的合成与分布[22]。香兰素作为潜在的植物生长调节剂, 其合成与转运可能受到激素信号的调控, 这一假设值得进一步研究。
水稻内源性香兰素的分布趋势反映了其在植株生长发育中的多重潜在功能。然而, 香兰素在水稻体内的具体合成途径、转运机制及其与其他代谢过程的相互作用仍有待深入研究。未来的研究可以结合分子生物学和代谢组学技术, 进一步揭示香兰素在水稻生长发育中的具体作用机制。
在植物研究领域, 一些学者的研究结果已展示了香兰素及其衍生物在不同方面的显著功能。如LI等[20]研究表明, 植物来源的天然化合物香兰素及其衍生物对禾谷镰刀菌生产具有抗真菌功效。CHU等[12]发现香兰素在发芽过程中发挥着抗氧化的重要作用, 为种子萌发及幼苗初期生长提供了关键的保护机制。SILVA等[21]证实香兰素可以促进生菜(Lactuca sativa)种子根和茎更好地生长发育, 并维持生化结构稳定。朱坤淼[23]和曲昭杰[24]的研究表明, 香兰素是显著促进油菜生长的有效成分。YANG等[25]研究表明, 香兰素对樱桃番茄果实采后灰霉病和黑腐病具有显著抑制作用。LU等[13]研究指出, 土壤施用0.4~4.0 mmol/kg香兰素可显著降低瘿和卵质量。高恒东[26]研究发现, 由香兰素等多种物质构成的肥料, 能显著提高结果期黄瓜抗逆境能力, 且还能促进香兰素及其他营养物质的吸收利用和转化。秦军英等[27]研发的新型叶面肥(微量元素中含有香兰素8%), 能够起到显著增产的作用, 其中香兰素能够调节植物生长, 改善品质, 提高作物产量及抗逆能力。综合上述研究, 结合本研究在水稻中发现内源性香兰素, 合理推测水稻中内源性香兰素, 很可能是一种天然植物生长调节剂, 具有调节植物生长、提高植物抗逆能力、改善品质等作用。然而, 目前对于水稻内源性香兰素的具体作用机制, 如如何参与水稻的生理代谢过程、怎样与其他植物激素相互作用等, 其具体作用机制仍有待进一步深入研究。
另外, 本研究关于水稻中富含天然本底香兰素的发现, 也为植物基香兰素的开发利用开辟了全新路径, 有望为生产高附加值化合物提供可靠的原料来源[28-32]。本研究不足之处是未对香兰素植物体内流向和机制做进一步研究, 且由于试验地所限, 未能进行更多水稻品种的种植和动态探究。
本研究通过对龙粳46、盐丰和辽星3个水稻品种全生长周期不同部位的动态取样, 采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定香兰素含量, 首次明确证实水稻全生育期均有香兰素本底存在, 确认香兰素为内源产生。香兰素在水稻苗期便已存在于植株中, 在不同生长阶段和植株部位, 其含量呈现出阶段性与差异性变化。这一发现为破解香兰素在水稻中的内源性问题提供了直接证据, 为政府监管政策的制修订和食品安全标准的完善提供了科学依据, 同时为天然香兰素的开发利用提供了新的研究方向。
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2025年第16卷第9期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250221003
  • 接收时间:2025-02-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-21
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    1.国家副食品质量检验检测中心, 国贸食品科学研究院有限公司, 北京 102209
    2.营养健康与食品安全北京市重点实验室, 中粮营养健康研究院有限公司, 北京 102209
    3.中粮集团有限公司质量安全管理部, 北京 100020

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* 王浩杰(1979—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E-mail:
曹高峰(1973—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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