Article(id=1152687439358378600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739289600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752751701440, onlineDateStr=2025-07-17, pubDate=1747238400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752751701440, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752751701440, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752751701440, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152687434774000221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752751700342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756708585928, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1169283815848555430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1169283815848555431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=259, endPage=267, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152687439928803966, articleId=1152687439358378600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of multiple components content in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg at different months and establishment of its fingerprint chromatograms, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the main active components of different monthly Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (TDG) from Zhoushan City and establish the map of different monthly TDG. Methods The quality of different monthly TDG was evaluated by combining fingerprint similarity evaluation cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). An InterSustainSwift C18 chromatographic column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used, with acetonitrile-0.1 formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase, gradient elution, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, detection wavelength of 20 nm, column temperature of 30 ℃, and injection volume of 10 μL. Results The fingerprint similarity evaluation results of 12 batches of different monthly TDG showed that the similarity of different monthly TDG samples varied greatly; the 13 common were identified, and 3 common peaks were recognized; CA, PCA, and OPLS-DA analysis could all classify the 12 batches of different monthly TDG into 3 categories; and 2 differential quality markers, gallic acid and quercetin, were screened out by analyzing the variable importance in projection (VIP) values under OPLS-DA. Conclusion The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint and multi-component content determination method established in this study is stable and reliable, and can provide a reference for quality control of Zhoushan TDG.

, correspAuthors=Ji-Peng SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-Chen WANG, Yu CHEN, Ming-Zhu MA, Yan SONG, Jia-Xing WANG, Ruan-Yi GUO, Bin ZHANG, Ji-Peng SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1152687467632181722, articleId=1152687439358378600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=不同月份舟山三叶青多成分含量测定及其指纹图谱的建立, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究舟山市不同月份三叶青主要活性成分并进行含量测定, 建立不同月份三叶青指纹图谱。方法 结合指纹图谱相似度评价、聚类分析(cluster analysis, CA)、主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis, OPLS-DA)进行不同月份舟山三叶青质量评价。采用InterSustainSwift C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), 以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相, 梯度洗脱, 流速0.8 mL/min, 检测波长320 nm, 柱温30 ℃, 进样量10 μL。结果 12批不同月份三叶青指纹图谱相似度评价结果表明, 不同月份三叶青样品的相似度差异较大; 共标定13个共有峰, 并确认3个共有峰; 通过CA、PCA和OPLS-DA分析均可将12批不同月份三叶青划分为3类, 且通过OPLS-DA项下的变量重要性投影(variable importance in the projection, VIP)值分析, 筛选出2个差异质量标志物, 分别是没食子酸和槲皮素。结论 该研究建立的高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)指纹图谱和多成分含量测定方法稳定、可靠, 可为舟山三叶青的质量控制提供参考。

, correspAuthors=孙继鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 孙继鹏(1980—), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为海洋生物资源领域的科学研究与应用技术开发。E-mail:
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王雨辰(1999—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为天然产物的研究与利用。E-mail:

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王雨辰(1999—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为天然产物的研究与利用。E-mail:

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Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2023, 29(5): 1234-1240., articleTitle=Accumulation of berberine hydrochloride and photosynthetic characteristics of a young Phellodendron chinense Schneid forest, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1169272834615418993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, awardId=2023C61002, language=CN, fundingSource=舟山市科技计划项目(2023C61002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1169272834686722162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, awardId=2022C61007, language=CN, fundingSource=舟山市科技计划项目(2022C61007), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1169272829154435092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1169272829167018005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, companyId=1169272829154435092, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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注: 200 permutations 3 components表示200次排列3种模型。

, figureFileSmall=cr/WUjCnNNSjM6j8NJQ8gA==, figureFileBig=eKnstyPdjWnJg5zmLGQGmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272833063526493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=VIP value map of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg’s iconic ingredient, figureFileSmall=M1xMNWQtTu49CED4rVKUKA==, figureFileBig=U6qtzoVPCiFTTwdMRr7aUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272833151606878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=CN, label=图7, caption=三叶青标志性成分VIP值得分图

注: Var ID (Primary)表示变量ID(主键)。

, figureFileSmall=M1xMNWQtTu49CED4rVKUKA==, figureFileBig=U6qtzoVPCiFTTwdMRr7aUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272833210327135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Moisture content of different parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 根部 茎部 叶片 根须
1 72.01±0.07e 72.54±0.35c 80.53±1.99bc 72.54±1.07bc
2 63.18±0.05g 70.32±0.12d 77.88±0.96cd 70.93±0.90c
3 88.78±0.06a 72.45±0.39cd 76.61±0.97d 83.41±0.98a
4 77.84±0.08b 67.57±0.19e 76.38±1.22d 67.33±0.50d
5 73.13±0.14e 73.60±0.44c 77.26±.19.0c 64.19±1.08e
6 71.42±0.12e 76.48±1.51ab 81.35±1.29b 67.71±1.53d
7 66.15±0.08f 78.05±1.17a 85.78±0.98ab 74.37±1.01b
8 67.07±0.06f 75.46±0.53bc 82.76±0.82b 66.34±0.96de
9 64.09±0.14g 74.90±0.57c 83.50±0.94b 70.49±1.65e
10 66.15±0.06fg 73.80±1.11c 83.21±0.39b 79.27±1.36a
11 73.81±0.08de 77.68±0.99a 87.08±0.93a 72.58±1.21b
12 75.43±0.07cd 75.38±0.45b 81.98±1.21b 74.51±1.49b
), ArticleFig(id=1169272833277436000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三叶青不同部位水分含量(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 根部 茎部 叶片 根须
1 72.01±0.07e 72.54±0.35c 80.53±1.99bc 72.54±1.07bc
2 63.18±0.05g 70.32±0.12d 77.88±0.96cd 70.93±0.90c
3 88.78±0.06a 72.45±0.39cd 76.61±0.97d 83.41±0.98a
4 77.84±0.08b 67.57±0.19e 76.38±1.22d 67.33±0.50d
5 73.13±0.14e 73.60±0.44c 77.26±.19.0c 64.19±1.08e
6 71.42±0.12e 76.48±1.51ab 81.35±1.29b 67.71±1.53d
7 66.15±0.08f 78.05±1.17a 85.78±0.98ab 74.37±1.01b
8 67.07±0.06f 75.46±0.53bc 82.76±0.82b 66.34±0.96de
9 64.09±0.14g 74.90±0.57c 83.50±0.94b 70.49±1.65e
10 66.15±0.06fg 73.80±1.11c 83.21±0.39b 79.27±1.36a
11 73.81±0.08de 77.68±0.99a 87.08±0.93a 72.58±1.21b
12 75.43±0.07cd 75.38±0.45b 81.98±1.21b 74.51±1.49b
), ArticleFig(id=1169272833407459425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Total protein content of different parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 根部 茎部 叶片 根须
1 17.93±1.62a 11.52±0.73a 16.77±0.49ab 16.66±0.51bc
2 14.92±1.32b 9.44±0.85a 16.46±0.95ab 16.11±2.01c
3 15.16±0.25b 9.80±0.29a 15.79±0.14ab 12.65±0.19d
4 15.83±1.72b 9.55±0.99a 15.15±1.01b 16.87±0.51bc
5 15.40±1.49b 9.23±0.71a 15.77±0.74ab 17.62±0.62ab
6 15.88±2.11b 10.29±1.25a 15.13±1.31b 17.33±0.99ab
7 16.11±1.32ab 10.30±1.60a 14.02±1.62bc 16.27±0.74bc
8 16.35±1.22a 10.71±1.47a 13.47±0.96c 16.89±0.55bc
9 16.63±1.41a 10.99±075a 15.54±0.93b 16.14±0.38c
10 16.77±1.28a 10.54±0.88a 15.68±0.49b 18.12±0.37a
11 16.63±2.66a 11.15±1.32a 16.99±2.31ab 18.25±0.96a
12 17.10±3.01a 11.57±1.23a 17.44±0.85a 18.63±0.56a
), ArticleFig(id=1169272833478762594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

三叶青不同部位总蛋白含量(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 根部 茎部 叶片 根须
1 17.93±1.62a 11.52±0.73a 16.77±0.49ab 16.66±0.51bc
2 14.92±1.32b 9.44±0.85a 16.46±0.95ab 16.11±2.01c
3 15.16±0.25b 9.80±0.29a 15.79±0.14ab 12.65±0.19d
4 15.83±1.72b 9.55±0.99a 15.15±1.01b 16.87±0.51bc
5 15.40±1.49b 9.23±0.71a 15.77±0.74ab 17.62±0.62ab
6 15.88±2.11b 10.29±1.25a 15.13±1.31b 17.33±0.99ab
7 16.11±1.32ab 10.30±1.60a 14.02±1.62bc 16.27±0.74bc
8 16.35±1.22a 10.71±1.47a 13.47±0.96c 16.89±0.55bc
9 16.63±1.41a 10.99±075a 15.54±0.93b 16.14±0.38c
10 16.77±1.28a 10.54±0.88a 15.68±0.49b 18.12±0.37a
11 16.63±2.66a 11.15±1.32a 16.99±2.31ab 18.25±0.96a
12 17.10±3.01a 11.57±1.23a 17.44±0.85a 18.63±0.56a
), ArticleFig(id=1169272833562648675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Total polysaccharides content of different parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 根部 茎部 叶片 根须
1 62.63±1.62b 28.52±0.73h 36.77±0.49de 24.66±0.51de
2 48.15±1.32f 33.44±0.85g 39.31±0.95d 53.33±2.01a
3 49.98±0.25ef 45.96±0.29c 28.89±0.14g 15.32±0.19f
4 51.83±1.72de 50.55±0.99b 34.15±1.01ef 23.87±0.51e
5 54.40±1.49cd 42.23±0.71de 46.77±0.74c 33.62±0.62b
6 48.88±2.11f 55.29±1.25a 57.13±1.31a 30.33±0.99bc
7 53.51±1.32c 50.30±1.60b 51.02±1.62b 26.27±0.74d
8 49.35±1.22f 44.71±1.47cd 56.47±0.96a 21.89±0.55e
9 55.63±1.41c 40.99±075ef 57.54±0.93a 29.14±0.38c
10 51.77±1.28d 39.54±0.88f 51.68±0.49b 29.12±0.37c
11 66.63±2.66b 48.15±1.32b 44.99±2.31c 29.25±0.96c
12 82.01±3.01a 26.57±1.23h 33.44±0.85f 31.63±0.56bc
), ArticleFig(id=1169272833629757540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

三叶青不同部位总多糖含量(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 根部 茎部 叶片 根须
1 62.63±1.62b 28.52±0.73h 36.77±0.49de 24.66±0.51de
2 48.15±1.32f 33.44±0.85g 39.31±0.95d 53.33±2.01a
3 49.98±0.25ef 45.96±0.29c 28.89±0.14g 15.32±0.19f
4 51.83±1.72de 50.55±0.99b 34.15±1.01ef 23.87±0.51e
5 54.40±1.49cd 42.23±0.71de 46.77±0.74c 33.62±0.62b
6 48.88±2.11f 55.29±1.25a 57.13±1.31a 30.33±0.99bc
7 53.51±1.32c 50.30±1.60b 51.02±1.62b 26.27±0.74d
8 49.35±1.22f 44.71±1.47cd 56.47±0.96a 21.89±0.55e
9 55.63±1.41c 40.99±075ef 57.54±0.93a 29.14±0.38c
10 51.77±1.28d 39.54±0.88f 51.68±0.49b 29.12±0.37c
11 66.63±2.66b 48.15±1.32b 44.99±2.31c 29.25±0.96c
12 82.01±3.01a 26.57±1.23h 33.44±0.85f 31.63±0.56bc
), ArticleFig(id=1169272833722032229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Phenolics content of different parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 根部 茎部 叶片 根须
1 4.15±0.06f 43.80±0.37cd 13.01±0.22f 29.27±1.00cd
2 2.32±0.02h 35.19±0.22e 13.11±0.06f 14.67±0.10f
3 6.58±0.01b 40.44±1.09d 32.49±0.17a 29.41±0.18c
4 4.08±0.03f 29.12±0.39f 15.48±0.22e 21.50±0.90e
5 3.13±0.10g 30.60±0.44f 17.26±0.91cd 34.19±1.08b
6 1.42±0.03i 16.48±1.01g 11.35±0.29g 7.71±0.53f
7 3.15±0.05g 33.80±1.07e 23.01±0.93b 39.27±1.00a
8 4.51±0.06e 48.30±0.73b 13.31±0.32f 19.72±0.86e
9 5.61±0.12d 43.80±0.47cd 16.01±0.24de 27.29±0.65d
10 6.15±0.03c 53.80±1.10a 23.21±0.32b 29.27±0.36cd
11 8.85±0.08a 45.46±0.89c 18.39±0.43c 33.27±1.21b
12 5.43±0.06cd 55.38±1.05a 11.98±0.21g 34.51±0.99b
), ArticleFig(id=1169272833801724006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

三叶青不同部位总酚含量(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 根部 茎部 叶片 根须
1 4.15±0.06f 43.80±0.37cd 13.01±0.22f 29.27±1.00cd
2 2.32±0.02h 35.19±0.22e 13.11±0.06f 14.67±0.10f
3 6.58±0.01b 40.44±1.09d 32.49±0.17a 29.41±0.18c
4 4.08±0.03f 29.12±0.39f 15.48±0.22e 21.50±0.90e
5 3.13±0.10g 30.60±0.44f 17.26±0.91cd 34.19±1.08b
6 1.42±0.03i 16.48±1.01g 11.35±0.29g 7.71±0.53f
7 3.15±0.05g 33.80±1.07e 23.01±0.93b 39.27±1.00a
8 4.51±0.06e 48.30±0.73b 13.31±0.32f 19.72±0.86e
9 5.61±0.12d 43.80±0.47cd 16.01±0.24de 27.29±0.65d
10 6.15±0.03c 53.80±1.10a 23.21±0.32b 29.27±0.36cd
11 8.85±0.08a 45.46±0.89c 18.39±0.43c 33.27±1.21b
12 5.43±0.06cd 55.38±1.05a 11.98±0.21g 34.51±0.99b
), ArticleFig(id=1169272833873027175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Total flavonoids content of different parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 根部 茎部 叶片 根须
1 10.46±0.03g 144.26±1.00a 13.70±0.05h 25.00±0.25i
2 4.53±0.03i 105.51±1.07f 35.59±0.18f 33.99±0.24h
3 19.42±0.10d 129.74±0.62bc 52.16±0.30bc 70.34±1.42a
4 10.86±0.08g 86.04±1.04g 41.62±0.61e 49.11±0.25cd
5 6.26±0.03h 77.77±1.00h 38.49±0.95ef 52.04±1.63c
6 13.16±0.63f 87.74±2.35g 57.73±1.22a 43.02±0.99e
7 16.48±0.71e 105.54±1.99f 46.13±1.13d 62.89±2.01b
8 20.11±0.18d 128.22±1.33c 56.45±2.10ab 48.92±1.25d
9 25.12±0.78c 116.61±1.00ef 49.13±0.99cd 33.46±1.24h
10 30.79±1.28b 123.38±2.58d 39.25±0.47e 38.82±1.25g
11 35.51±01.36a 131.47±2.58b 16.88±0.47g 44.76±1.98ef
12 36.24±0.91a 148.28±2.41a 13.70±0.12h 43.93±1.68f
), ArticleFig(id=1169272833952718952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

三叶青不同部位总黄酮含量(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 根部 茎部 叶片 根须
1 10.46±0.03g 144.26±1.00a 13.70±0.05h 25.00±0.25i
2 4.53±0.03i 105.51±1.07f 35.59±0.18f 33.99±0.24h
3 19.42±0.10d 129.74±0.62bc 52.16±0.30bc 70.34±1.42a
4 10.86±0.08g 86.04±1.04g 41.62±0.61e 49.11±0.25cd
5 6.26±0.03h 77.77±1.00h 38.49±0.95ef 52.04±1.63c
6 13.16±0.63f 87.74±2.35g 57.73±1.22a 43.02±0.99e
7 16.48±0.71e 105.54±1.99f 46.13±1.13d 62.89±2.01b
8 20.11±0.18d 128.22±1.33c 56.45±2.10ab 48.92±1.25d
9 25.12±0.78c 116.61±1.00ef 49.13±0.99cd 33.46±1.24h
10 30.79±1.28b 123.38±2.58d 39.25±0.47e 38.82±1.25g
11 35.51±01.36a 131.47±2.58b 16.88±0.47g 44.76±1.98ef
12 36.24±0.91a 148.28±2.41a 13.70±0.12h 43.93±1.68f
), ArticleFig(id=1169272834024022121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Total saponins content of different parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份
1 7.97±0.12fg 51.61±0.82f 36.15±0.58d 28.44±0.68gh
2 5.64±0.05g 42.42±0.58g 44.37±1.52c 8.59±0.28i
3 10.89±0.13e 44.66±0.49g 35.99±0.20d 32.09±0.05ef
4 10.14±0.18e 55.27±0.67e 50.40±1.18b 42.41±0.41c
5 8.78±0.73f 56.16±1.88e 49.67±1.52b 26.46±1.22h
6 9.78±0.19f 55.96±1.39ef 44.23±1.24c 30.19±1.82fg
7 12.58±0.25de 49.74±1.41f 44.24±1.52c 48.99±1.36a
8 22.73±0.74c 128.22±1.33bc 56.45±2.10a 48.92±1.25a
9 28.44±0.87a 116.61±1.00d 49.13±0.99b 33.46±1.24e
10 26.98±0.12b 123.38±2.58c 39.25±0.47d 38.82±1.25d
11 14.17±0.17d 131.47±2.58b 16.88±0.47e 44.76±1.98b
12 10.93±0.32e 144.28±2.41a 13.70±0.12f 43.93±1.68bc
), ArticleFig(id=1169272834099519594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

三叶青不同部位总皂苷含量(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份
1 7.97±0.12fg 51.61±0.82f 36.15±0.58d 28.44±0.68gh
2 5.64±0.05g 42.42±0.58g 44.37±1.52c 8.59±0.28i
3 10.89±0.13e 44.66±0.49g 35.99±0.20d 32.09±0.05ef
4 10.14±0.18e 55.27±0.67e 50.40±1.18b 42.41±0.41c
5 8.78±0.73f 56.16±1.88e 49.67±1.52b 26.46±1.22h
6 9.78±0.19f 55.96±1.39ef 44.23±1.24c 30.19±1.82fg
7 12.58±0.25de 49.74±1.41f 44.24±1.52c 48.99±1.36a
8 22.73±0.74c 128.22±1.33bc 56.45±2.10a 48.92±1.25a
9 28.44±0.87a 116.61±1.00d 49.13±0.99b 33.46±1.24e
10 26.98±0.12b 123.38±2.58c 39.25±0.47d 38.82±1.25d
11 14.17±0.17d 131.47±2.58b 16.88±0.47e 44.76±1.98b
12 10.93±0.32e 144.28±2.41a 13.70±0.12f 43.93±1.68bc
), ArticleFig(id=1169272834170822763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Similarity of fingerprint spectra of Zhoushan Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg in 1—12 months

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 相似度 编号 相似度
1月 0.914 7月 0.963
2月 0.846 8月 0.867
3月 0.972 9月 0.969
4月 0.971 10月 0.678
5月 0.949 11月 0.959
6月 0.956 12月 0.904
), ArticleFig(id=1169272834233737324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

1—12月舟山三叶青指纹图谱相似度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 相似度 编号 相似度
1月 0.914 7月 0.963
2月 0.846 8月 0.867
3月 0.972 9月 0.969
4月 0.971 10月 0.678
5月 0.949 11月 0.959
6月 0.956 12月 0.904
), ArticleFig(id=1169272834305040493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Regression equation, correlation coefficient and linear ranges of 3 components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分 回归方程 r2 线性范围/(μg/mL)
没食子酸 Y=3116.3X+65.838 0.9930 201.60~935.00
槲皮素 Y=26703X+29.187 0.9998 201.58~1021.50
牡荆素鼠李糖苷 Y=6789X-23.892 1.0000 200.08~1000.00
), ArticleFig(id=1169272834367955054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

3个成分的回归方程、相关系数、线性范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分 回归方程 r2 线性范围/(μg/mL)
没食子酸 Y=3116.3X+65.838 0.9930 201.60~935.00
槲皮素 Y=26703X+29.187 0.9998 201.58~1021.50
牡荆素鼠李糖苷 Y=6789X-23.892 1.0000 200.08~1000.00
), ArticleFig(id=1169272834414092399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Content of 3 kinds of components in different months of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 没食子酸 槲皮素 牡荆素鼠李糖苷
1 9.366±0.385bc 0.088±0.003d 0.052±0.002d
2 2.720±0.394e 0.184±0.015cd 0.043±0.001de
3 12.987±1.250a 0.244±0.024c 0.072±0.005d
4 5.868±0.548d 0.164±0.005cd 0.067±0.010d
5 7.297±0.427c 0.126±0.011d 0.021±0.002e
6 2.731±0.116e 0.124±0.014d 0.033±0.004de
7 12.104±0.259ab 0.255±0.005c 0.030±0.005de
8 9.764±0.028bc 0.778±0.043a 0.042±0.001de
9 12.967±0.049a 0.443±0.021b 0.019±0.002e
10 12.114±0.996ab 0.354±0.008bc 0.645±0.025a
11 11.112±0.327b 0.455±0.017b 0.185±0.011b
12 13.536±0.185a 0.094±0.007d 0.125±0.009c
), ArticleFig(id=1169272834481201264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439358378600, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

不同月份三叶青块根3种成分的含量(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 没食子酸 槲皮素 牡荆素鼠李糖苷
1 9.366±0.385bc 0.088±0.003d 0.052±0.002d
2 2.720±0.394e 0.184±0.015cd 0.043±0.001de
3 12.987±1.250a 0.244±0.024c 0.072±0.005d
4 5.868±0.548d 0.164±0.005cd 0.067±0.010d
5 7.297±0.427c 0.126±0.011d 0.021±0.002e
6 2.731±0.116e 0.124±0.014d 0.033±0.004de
7 12.104±0.259ab 0.255±0.005c 0.030±0.005de
8 9.764±0.028bc 0.778±0.043a 0.042±0.001de
9 12.967±0.049a 0.443±0.021b 0.019±0.002e
10 12.114±0.996ab 0.354±0.008bc 0.645±0.025a
11 11.112±0.327b 0.455±0.017b 0.185±0.011b
12 13.536±0.185a 0.094±0.007d 0.125±0.009c
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不同月份舟山三叶青多成分含量测定及其指纹图谱的建立
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王雨辰 1, 2 , 陈钰 1, 2 , 马明珠 2 , 宋燕 1 , 王家星 2 , 郭阮怡 3 , 张宾 1 , 孙继鹏 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(9): 259-267
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(9): 259-267
不同月份舟山三叶青多成分含量测定及其指纹图谱的建立
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王雨辰1, 2 , 陈钰1, 2, 马明珠2, 宋燕1, 王家星2, 郭阮怡3, 张宾1, 孙继鹏2, *
作者信息
  • 1.浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院, 舟山 316000
  • 2.浙江省海洋开发研究院, 舟山 316100
  • 3.肤可思化妆品(上海)有限公司, 上海 201802
  • 王雨辰(1999—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为天然产物的研究与利用。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 孙继鹏(1980—), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为海洋生物资源领域的科学研究与应用技术开发。E-mail:
Determination of multiple components content in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg at different months and establishment of its fingerprint chromatograms
Yu-Chen WANG1, 2 , Yu CHEN1, 2, Ming-Zhu MA2, Yan SONG1, Jia-Xing WANG2, Ruan-Yi GUO3, Bin ZHANG1, Ji-Peng SUN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
  • 2. Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316100, China
  • 3. Focus Plus Cosmetics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201802, China
出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212006
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目的 探究舟山市不同月份三叶青主要活性成分并进行含量测定, 建立不同月份三叶青指纹图谱。方法 结合指纹图谱相似度评价、聚类分析(cluster analysis, CA)、主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis, OPLS-DA)进行不同月份舟山三叶青质量评价。采用InterSustainSwift C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), 以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相, 梯度洗脱, 流速0.8 mL/min, 检测波长320 nm, 柱温30 ℃, 进样量10 μL。结果 12批不同月份三叶青指纹图谱相似度评价结果表明, 不同月份三叶青样品的相似度差异较大; 共标定13个共有峰, 并确认3个共有峰; 通过CA、PCA和OPLS-DA分析均可将12批不同月份三叶青划分为3类, 且通过OPLS-DA项下的变量重要性投影(variable importance in the projection, VIP)值分析, 筛选出2个差异质量标志物, 分别是没食子酸和槲皮素。结论 该研究建立的高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)指纹图谱和多成分含量测定方法稳定、可靠, 可为舟山三叶青的质量控制提供参考。

三叶青  /  不同季节  /  指纹图谱  /  含量测定  /  质量控制

Objective To investigate the main active components of different monthly Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (TDG) from Zhoushan City and establish the map of different monthly TDG. Methods The quality of different monthly TDG was evaluated by combining fingerprint similarity evaluation cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). An InterSustainSwift C18 chromatographic column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used, with acetonitrile-0.1 formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase, gradient elution, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, detection wavelength of 20 nm, column temperature of 30 ℃, and injection volume of 10 μL. Results The fingerprint similarity evaluation results of 12 batches of different monthly TDG showed that the similarity of different monthly TDG samples varied greatly; the 13 common were identified, and 3 common peaks were recognized; CA, PCA, and OPLS-DA analysis could all classify the 12 batches of different monthly TDG into 3 categories; and 2 differential quality markers, gallic acid and quercetin, were screened out by analyzing the variable importance in projection (VIP) values under OPLS-DA. Conclusion The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint and multi-component content determination method established in this study is stable and reliable, and can provide a reference for quality control of Zhoushan TDG.

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg  /  different seasons  /  fingerprint chromatograms  /  content determination  /  quality control
王雨辰, 陈钰, 马明珠, 宋燕, 王家星, 郭阮怡, 张宾, 孙继鹏. 不同月份舟山三叶青多成分含量测定及其指纹图谱的建立. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (9) : 259 -267 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212006
Yu-Chen WANG, Yu CHEN, Ming-Zhu MA, Yan SONG, Jia-Xing WANG, Ruan-Yi GUO, Bin ZHANG, Ji-Peng SUN. Determination of multiple components content in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg at different months and establishment of its fingerprint chromatograms[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (9) : 259 -267 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212006
三叶青是我国特有的一种珍贵中草药, 为葡萄科崖爬藤属崖爬藤亚属圆脐组植物三叶崖爬藤(Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg), 在南方地区特别是长江流域一直作为药食两用的草药, 在民间广为传用, 三叶青最开始记载于清代植物学家吴其濬的专著《植物名实图考》中, 《中药志》《中药大辞典》《全国中草药汇编》《浙江省中药炮制规范》均有收载[1]。三叶青以地下根块的药用效果最好, 三叶青中化学成分主要包括黄酮类、三萜及甾体类、酚酸类和脂肪酸类等化合物, 研究表明, 三叶青对肝癌、肺癌、结肠癌、白血病等多种癌症有一定治疗作用[2]
近年来对三叶青质量评价标准有较多研究, 如范世明等[3]对福建、湖南、浙江、江西等地的三叶青叶建立了指纹图谱, 并识别出8种酚类物质; 李鹤等[4]采集了浙江丽水等地的三叶青块根建立了指纹图谱, 并测定了其中白藜芦醇和槲皮素的含量; 李士敏等[5]收集了13个不同地区的块根建立了指纹图谱, 并测定了山柰酚、紫云英苷、槲皮素、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、绿原酸、白藜芦醇以及虎杖苷这7种物质的含量并研究了不同月份中绿原酸、芦丁、虎杖苷等8种成分的含量变化[6]。三叶青在2011年入选“浙江省首批农作物种质资源保护名录”, 2018年入选“新浙八味”[7], 由于对三叶青的研究起步较晚, 因此, 其至今未被收录进《中华人民共和国药典》, 无法生产以其为主要成分的药品, 这是制约其产业发展的关键问题[8]。目前, 对舟山三叶青不同月份主要成分变化的研究较少, 对三叶青进一步的质量评价尤为重要。
本研究对舟山市三叶青不同部位季节性的成分含量进行测定, 并建立舟山三叶青不同月份指纹图谱, 旨在为舟山不同采收期的三叶青建立质量评价标准; 指认了3个标志性成分, 测定样品中的含量, 用多种评价方式对三叶青季节性指纹图谱进行质量评价, 以期丰富其质量评价手段, 为其质量标准提升及后续资源利用提供依据。
舟山市三叶青样品于2022年1—12月采自浙江省舟山市白泉镇金山村。由浙江省海洋开发研究院生物室鉴定为三叶青的新鲜全草。
乙腈、甲酸、乙醇(色谱纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 芦丁标准品、没食子酸标准品、葡萄糖标准品、绿原酸标准品(纯度99%, 色谱纯, 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司); 牡荆素鼠李糖苷标准品、槲皮素标准品(纯度≥98%, 色谱纯, 北京索莱宝科技有限公司)。
TD5K离心机(长沙东旺实验仪器有限公司); ZWF-110X水浴摇床(上海智诚分析仪器制造有限公司); BioTek Synergy H1酶标仪(美国伯腾仪器有限公司); KH-500B超声清洗器(昆山禾创超声仪器有限公司); G7115A高效液相色谱仪[安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司]; BSA124S分析天平[精度0.1 mg, ‌赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司]; InterSustainSwift C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)[岛津(上海)实验器材有限公司]。
(1)水分含量测定
三叶青不同部位水分含量测定采用《中国药典》(2015年版)中的烘干法[9]
(2)粗蛋白含量测定
根据国标凯氏定氮法[10]测定三叶青不同部位粗蛋白含量。
(3)多糖含量测定
采用苯酚-硫酸法[11], 以葡萄糖为标准品, 分别取1.0 mL不同质量浓度葡萄糖溶液(0.8、1.6、2.4、3.2和4.0 μg/mL)于15 mL试管中, 加入蒸馏水3.0 mL、6%苯酚溶液1.0 mL, 并迅速向试管中加入浓硫酸5.0 mL, 充分摇匀后, 室温静置20 min, 于490 nm处测定样品吸光值制作标准曲线。将样品提取液按照以上实验操作测得吸光值, 根据线性方程, 计算样品总多糖含量。
(1)三叶青不同部位提取物的制备
选取三叶青新鲜块根、茎、叶、根须部位, 清洗干净, 置于真空干燥箱内50 ℃烘干, 粉碎, 过100目网筛, 准确称取不同部位粉末1 g于烧杯中, 用70% (V:V, 下同)乙醇在温度60 ℃、料液比1:25 (m:V)条件下超声提取3次, 每次超声时间30 min, 将3次粗提液收集后离心, 分别定容至25 mL, 合并, 制得三叶青醇提液, 用于活性成分的测定。
(2)总酚含量测定
采用福林-酚法[12], 分别取稀释后不同部位的提取液1.0 mL, 按照操作测得吸光值, 根据标准曲线线性方程, 计算样品总多酚含量。
(3)总黄酮含量测定
采用NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH比色法[13], 分别取稀释后不同部位的提取液1.0 mL, 按照操作测得吸光值, 根据标准曲线线性方程, 计算样品总黄酮含量。
(4)总皂苷含量测定
按照吴银双等[14]的方法, 稍作修改, 分别取0.4 mL不同质量浓度齐墩果酸溶液(0.004、0.008、0.012、0.016、0.020和0.024 mg/mL)或三叶青提取液于15.0 mL试管中, 样液在70 ℃下水浴挥干, 加入0.4 mL 1.5%香草醛-冰乙酸溶液(溶液现配现用), 再加入1.6 mL高氯酸, 充分混匀后70 ℃水浴15 min, 取出后快速冰水浴, 冷却后加入5.0 mL乙酸乙酯, 静置5 min, 在546 nm处测定样品吸光度。按照以上实验操作测得吸光值, 根据标准曲线线性方程, 计算样品总皂苷含量。
详细记录并监测该地区每日的具体温度变化以及每个月(1—12月份)的平均温度数据, 用于后续分析。记录温度信息, 分析不同生长阶段中温度因素对三叶青各部位活性物质含量变化的影响。
分别精密称取对照品没食子酸、槲皮素、牡荆素鼠李糖苷7.5、6.1、4.1 mg, 置于25 mL棕色样品瓶中, 用50%甲醇溶解并稀释, 配制成质量浓度为1000 μg/mL混合对照品储备液。取以上对照品储备液适量, 分别加50%甲醇稀释成一定浓度的混合对照品溶液。
供试液制备方法参照井亚江等[15]的方法稍作修改。取不同月份三叶青块根粉末1.0 g, 过100目筛, 精密称定, 置具塞锥形瓶中, 精密加入70%乙醇溶液10 mL, 超声提取90 min, 功率600 W, 滤过, 减压蒸干滤液中溶剂, 再加50%甲醇溶解, 转移至10 mL容量瓶中, 定容至刻度, 摇匀, 用0.22 μm微孔滤膜滤过, 即得。
采用InterSustainSwift C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), 以乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水(B)溶液为流动相, 梯度洗脱(0~30 min, 5%~30% A; 30~35 min, 30%~95% A; 35~45 min, 95%~5% A); 流速0.8 mL/min, 检测波长320 nm, 柱温30 ℃, 进样量10 μL。
实验数据均为3次重复后的平均值, 采用SPSS 22.0统计软件和Origin 9软件进行最小显著差异法(least significant difference, LSD)、沃勒-邓肯显著性分析和线性拟合方程处理和表绘制。
舟山四面环海, 属亚热带季风性气候, 四季分明, 气候温和, 海拔适宜, 是三叶青生长的理想场所。舟山地区在3月份开始气温逐渐回暖, 6—7月份快速上升, 在7月份温度平均温度最高, 7—12月份气温逐渐下降, 在12月份达到最低平均温度0 ℃。
植物中水分含量变化, 与当地的气温和降水量息息相关。由表1可知, 三叶青茎和叶中的水分含量在2—5月份普遍较低, 可能是生长发育过程中光合作用与呼吸作用消耗了大量水分, 而块根则储存一定水分。舟山地区在7月平均温度升高, 地表水分蒸发变快, 三叶青根中的水分含量减少。
表2可知, 三叶青不同部位总蛋白的含量均在冬季的12月或1月份最高, 三叶青根和须中总蛋白含量分别在1月份和12月份最高, 分别高达17.93%和18.63%, 与张艳秋等[16]研究中蛋白的含量变化规律相同。结果表明, 在1月份采收三叶青根, 蛋白质含量最高, 且在此月份三叶青不同部位的蛋白质含量: 根>叶>须>茎。
表3可知, 随着三叶青的生长发育, 总多糖含量呈逐渐增加的趋势, 成熟时三叶青根的总糖含量最高, 11月和12月, 分别为66.63 mg/g和82.01 mg/g; 三叶青叶中的总糖在6~9月保持较高水平, 分析可能是因为在生长初期, 叶片中叶绿素含量较低, 光合速率较低, 总糖含量也较低, 后来随着叶片的生长发育结构逐渐完善, 叶绿素含量也不断增加, 净光合速率不断增加, 总糖含量也因此增加[17]。综上所述, 在12月份采收三叶青根, 多糖含量最高, 且在此月份三叶青不同部位的多糖含量: 根>叶>须>茎。
表4所示, 三叶青不同部位之间的多酚含量存在差异, 其中茎中多酚含量最高, 根中的多酚含量最低。其中, 根部总酚的第一个最大值出现在11月, 总酚含量达到8.85 mg/g; 茎的最高点晚于根部, 出现在12月, 分别为55.38 mg/g, 而叶片则在3月、7月、10月出现3个高峰值, 分别为32.49、23.01和23.21 mg/g, 其中3月份多酚的含量比其他月份含量高。陈喜根等[18]研究了三叶青不同部位中多酚的含量变化, 发现在不同部位上, 多酚主要存在于植物的茎等器官中, 具有集中分布的特性, 与本研究实验结果相似。结果表明, 在12月份采收三叶青茎, 多酚含量最高, 且此月份三叶青不同部位的多酚含量: 茎>须>叶>根。
黄酮类化合物是一类天然物质, 在某些植物和中草药中含量丰富, 具有抗氧化活性、降血压、镇痛、免疫调节等生理活性作用[19]。舟山三叶青不同部位总黄酮的含量变化如表5所示, 三叶青茎中总黄酮含量在1—12月均高于其他部位, 最高值出现在12月份, 含量为148.28 mg/g。根、叶、须中总黄酮含量分别在12月份、6月份和3月份最高, 含量分别为36.24 mg/g、57.73 mg/g和70.34 mg/g。4、5、6月份, 茎与块根中黄酮含量逐渐下降, 而须和叶保持较高水平, 这可能是因为不同部位的总黄酮含量受到花期影响, 5月份花期时根、茎、叶、须的黄酮含量分别为6.26、77.77、38.49和52.04 mg/g。三叶青各部位的总黄酮均2—4月份呈现先上升后下降的趋势, 根和茎中总黄酮在5—12月份逐渐积累达到最高值, 与毛毛[20]研究中的黄酮类物质变化规律近乎相同, 这是因为在初期, 植物生长发育旺盛, 黄酮类物质容易积累, 因此出现三叶青中黄酮类物质积累迅速, 在中期植物中黄酮类物质可能受到花期结果的影响, 生长较为缓慢, 在后期三叶青黄酮也是处于不断积累的状态, 但积累的速度不同, 这与杨明晨等[21]对三叶青中黄酮类化合物变化的研究一致。结果表明, 在12月份采收三叶青茎, 黄酮含量最高, 且在此月份三叶青不同部位的黄酮含量: 茎>须>根>叶。
表6可知, 三叶青的总皂苷量具有季节性变化规律。1—7月茎与根的营养物质起伏不定, 可能与降水量有关, 8—12月的积累量增加, 随着冬季来临, 皂苷量增长稳定。同时, 三叶青块根和茎中的总皂苷量季节性变化趋势相同。三叶青茎中的总皂苷量高于叶中的总皂苷量, 且茎中皂苷含量全年12月的成熟期含量最高, 这与其他爬藤类植物的总皂苷积累现象是一样的。与已报道的其他产地三叶青的皂苷量[22]相比, 本研究测得的三叶青的总皂苷量较高, 可能与舟山地区日照多、湿度高的特殊生境有关, 也可能与物种的遗传性有关。结果表明, 在12月份采收三叶青茎, 总皂苷含量最高, 且在此月份三叶青不同部位的皂苷含量: 茎>须>叶>根。
采用国家药典委员会“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统”(2012版)将相关数据进行多点校正和Mark峰匹配技术处理, 得到指纹图谱, 见图1。以1—12月份舟山三叶青指纹图谱建立对照指纹图谱, 共识别出13个共有峰, 见图2, 其中指认了3个共有峰, 分别是3号峰(没食子酸)、10号峰(牡荆素鼠李糖苷)、11号峰(槲皮素)。以对照谱图为参考, 分别对12批不同月份三叶青的指纹图谱进行相似度评价, 12批三叶青指纹图谱的相似度为0.678~0.972 (表7)。由此可知, 不同月份三叶青成分变化较大。
采用SPSS 27.0软件, 分别以不同月份三叶青中13个共有峰峰面积为变量, 采用组间连接的聚类方法, 以欧氏距离平方作为度量标准进行聚类分析, 探讨不同批次间样本数据的一致性。如图3所示, 当距离刻度为5时, 12个月份的三叶青被分为3类: 第一类为1、2、3、4、5、6月; 第二类为6、7、9、10、11、12月, 第三类为8月份。
聚类分析结果可以看出, 舟山市不同月份采收的三叶青之间可能存在差异性, 对于醇提物中的小分子物质, 1—6月份为休眠期到花期的转换期, 也是物质逐渐积累的时间; 7月是舟山的梅雨季, 8月是台风期, 降雨量较大, 随后随温度降低, 小分子物质逐渐积累, 可以看出, 三叶青中活性物质与气温、降水有较大的相关性[23]
以不同月份的13个共有峰的峰面积为变量分别进行不同月份的主成分分析。用SIMCA 14.1软件对峰面积进行标准化处理, KMO检验统计量为0.600, Bartlett’s球形检验统计量为小于0.01, 表明适合进行主成分分析[24]。由分类矩阵图(图4)可见, 不同月份三叶青样品大致被分为3类, 这可能与舟山三叶青中3种共有物质含量差异较大有关。
将不同月份三叶青指纹图谱中13个共有峰峰面积为变量导入SIMCA 14.1软件, 进行正交偏最小二乘法判别分析建模, 不同月份三叶青样品可大致分为3类, 见图5。为防止所建立的正交偏最小二乘法判别分析模型出现过拟合而影响结果的准确性, 利用200次置换检验模型进行内部验证, 见图6, 右上角的R2Q2的纵坐标的值高于最左边的R2Q2, 斜率为正值, Q2点的蓝色回归线与纵(左侧)相交点低于0点, 说明所建模型可靠, 未出现过度拟合现象, 可用于标志物的筛选[25]
变量重要性投影(variable importance in the projection, VIP)值是筛选质量差异标志物的重要指标, 可直观反映共有峰引起的组间差异的权重大小, VIP值越大, 表明该化合物对组间差异的贡献越大[26]。对已指认的3个共有峰进行VIP值分析, 见图7。以VIP值大于1为阈值, 筛选出2个质量差异标志物, 分别为峰2(没食子酸, VIP值=1.2352)和峰10(槲皮素, VIP值=1.0225), 说明这2个成分对分类的贡献较大。
分别精密吸取不同浓度对照品溶液(200、400、600、800、1000 μg/mL) 10 μL, 按指纹图谱色谱条件测定, 记录色谱图。以峰面积(Y)对进样量(X, μg/mL)进行线性回归, 即得回归方程及线性范围(见表8), 结果表明3种化学成分在线性范围内呈良好的线性关系。
精密称取不同批次的三叶青粉末各3份, 每份1.0 g, 按照指纹图谱供试品溶液方法制备, 根据指纹图谱色谱条件进行测定(n=3), 记录峰面积, 按照线性回归方程计算三叶青中3个成分的含量, 见表9
本研究建立了舟山三叶青的不同月份高效液相色谱指纹图谱, 对包括没食子酸、槲皮素、牡荆素鼠李糖苷的3个共有峰进行含量测定, 线性关系良好, 可为舟山三叶青质量评价提供参考。
通过对供试品的全波长扫描, 发现在320 nm处时, 色谱峰峰型较好, 出峰数目较多, 各色谱峰之间分离度良好, 基线平稳, 故选择320 nm为检测波长[27]。本研究综合考虑色谱基线、峰型及整体色谱峰分离情况, 对比考察了乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液、乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液、甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液、甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液等不同流动相体系, 最终发现乙腈-0.1%甲酸水的洗脱效果最好, 并通过色谱条件的进一步优化, 最终确定以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 流速0.8 mL/min, 柱温25 ℃, 洗脱时间45 min。
通过样本测定发现, 三叶青不同部位总蛋白的含量均在冬季的12月和1月份最高; 11月和12月时, 三叶青根的总糖含量最高; 三叶青根部总酚的第一个最大值出现在11月, 茎的最高点晚于根部, 出现在12月; 在12月份采收三叶青茎, 黄酮含量最高; 三叶青茎中皂苷含量全年12月的成熟期含量最高。这种现象可能是由于这段时间属于三叶青的休眠期, 次生代谢产物积累, 采摘的三叶青品质较佳, 药效好。与张璐等[28]发现的不同月份铁皮石斛中的次生代谢产物含量变化规律相似。此外, 中药材中次生代谢产物的动态变化也与种植土壤[29]和光合作用[30]等因素有关, 三叶青的民间采摘的最佳时期为每年的冬至到惊蛰期间。
本研究建立了一年内(2022.1—2022.12)舟山三叶青块根的指纹图谱, 共标定13个共有峰。通过聚类分析、主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析方法, 可将12批不同月份三叶青划分为3类, 且通过正交偏最小二乘法判别分析项下的VIP值分析, 筛选出2个差异质量标志物, 分别是没食子酸和槲皮素, 没食子酸含量在2.731~13.536 mg/g之间; 槲皮素含量在0.088~0.778 mg/g之间, 没食子酸的含量较高, 可作为舟山市三叶青标志成分含量测定标准。
  • 舟山市科技计划项目(2023C61002)
  • 舟山市科技计划项目(2022C61007)
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2025年第16卷第9期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212006
  • 接收时间:2025-02-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-12
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舟山市科技计划项目(2023C61002)
舟山市科技计划项目(2022C61007)
作者信息
    1.浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院, 舟山 316000
    2.浙江省海洋开发研究院, 舟山 316100
    3.肤可思化妆品(上海)有限公司, 上海 201802

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* 孙继鹏(1980—), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为海洋生物资源领域的科学研究与应用技术开发。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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