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Article(id=1152687439295464038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241106002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730822400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752751701425, onlineDateStr=2025-07-17, pubDate=1747238400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752751701425, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752751701425, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752751701425, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152687434774000221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752751700342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756708585928, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1169283815848555430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1169283815848555431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=129, endPage=137, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152687439664562802, articleId=1152687439295464038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Dietary exposure risk assessment of biogenic amines on seafood in Hainan in 2022, columnId=1151923892655846010, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Food Safety Risk Assessment and Risk Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To understand the overall situation of biogenic amine content in various types of seafoods in Hainan Province, and conduct dietary risk assessment on the detected histamine. Methods A total of 387 batches of seafoods from supermarkets and farmers’ markets in 19 cities and counties of Hainan Province in 2022 were detected for 14 kinds of biogenic amines by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the detection results, the dietary exposure risk of the detected histamine was assessed by the hazard quotient (HQ). Results The average content of biogenic amine detected in 387 batches of seafoods were 0.101-55.248 mg/kg, and the maximum value were 2.248-10819.835 mg/kg. The higher levels of several biogenic amines were spermine, spermidine, histamine, putrescine, cadaverine and so on. And two samples detected histamine levels over 200 mg/kg. The dietary risk assessment showed that the estimated daily of histamine in different populations in Hainan Province were 0.00000-0.06690 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1, with HQ of 0.00000-0.00134 (HQ<1). Conclusion Biogenic amines are detected in all kinds of seafoods in Hainan Province to varying degrees, but the risk of histamine exposure is low, posing a small threat to human health.

, correspAuthors=Qing-Chun YIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ying-Lin DENG, Chun-Quan CHEN, Xiao-Yu ZHOU, Yun-Kai GAO, Hao DENG, Qing-Chun YIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1152687440000107136, articleId=1152687439295464038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=2022年海南省海水产品中生物胺的膳食风险评估, columnId=1152687438456603210, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题：食品安全风险评估与风险监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究海南省各类海水产品中生物胺含量的整体情况, 并对检出的组胺进行膳食风险评估。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对2022年海南省19个市县的超市及农贸市场的387批海水产品中14种生物胺进行检测, 采用风险商(hazard quotient, HQ)对检出的组胺进行膳食暴露风险评估。结果 387批海水产品检出的生物胺平均含量为0.101~55.248 mg/kg, 最大值为2.248~10819.835 mg/kg, 检出含量较高的为精胺、亚精胺、组胺、腐胺、尸胺, 有2个样本检出组胺的含量超过200 mg/kg。膳食风险评估结果显示海南省不同人群摄入组胺的每日摄入估计量为0.00000~0.06690 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1, HQ为0.00000~0.00134 (HQ<1)。结论 海南省各类海水产品中生物胺均有不同程度的检出, 但组胺暴露风险较低, 对人体健康威胁较小。

, correspAuthors=尹青春, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 尹青春(1986—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与贮藏。E-mail:
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邓英林(1991—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:

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邓英林(1991—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:

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邓英林(1991—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:

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Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2019, 8(19): 1-12., articleTitle=Investigation and control of biogenic amines in marine pelagic fishes products, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1169272593010925991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, awardId=321MS104, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(321MS104), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1169272593061257640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, awardId=ZZ-2024002, language=CN, fundingSource=国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全)自主课题项目(ZZ-2024002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1169272593107394985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, awardId=ZZ-2024001, language=CN, fundingSource=国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全)自主课题项目(ZZ-2024001), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1169272589349298538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1169272589353492843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, companyId=1169272589349298538, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Hainan Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Cold-Chain Key Laboratory, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 570100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1169272589512876400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, companyId=1169272589500293486, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南省农业科学院农产品加工设计研究所, 海南省热带果蔬冷链研究重点实验室, 海口 570100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1169272591828132249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mass spectrometry parameters for 14 kinds of biogenic amines and 2 kinds of internal standards

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化合物 保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 定量(m/z) 定性(m/z) 碰撞能量/V 去簇电压/V 内标定量
PEA 1.47 122.0 105.1 77.0 20/24 30/42 1-7-DMP
PhEt 1.45 122.0 105.1 79.2 11/28 10/10 1-7-DMP
TRP 1.54 160.9 144.2 115.1 10/20 27/27 1-7-DMP
5HT 1.56 177.1 160.1 115.1 10/35 10/15 1-7-DMP
SPM 1.06 203.0 112.1 84.1 25/35 65/65 1-7-DMP
SPD 1.07 146.1 72.1 129.1 18/14 40/40 1-7-DMP
PUT 1.07 89.0 72.0 48.2 16/20 35/35 1-7-DMP
CAD 1.06 102.9 86.1 69.0 14/22 27/39 1-7-DMP
HIS 1.06 112.0 95.0 68.0 20/30 52/52 HIS-D4
TYP 1.43 137.9 121.3 77.0 12/38 42/42 1-7-DMP
OTP 1.32 154.2 91.0 107.0 22/31 18/11 1-7-DMP
DA 1.30 154.0 137.1 91.2 12/29 42/40 1-7-DMP
BA 1.45 108.1 91.1 65.1 15/14 10/10 1-7-DMP
Agm 1.10 131.0 72.2 114.0 17/12 10/10 1-7-DMP
HIS-D4 1.06 116.0 99.0 59.9 20/12 40/180 1-7-DMP
1,7-DMP 1.06 130.9 114.1 55.1 20/13 65/65 1-7-DMP
), ArticleFig(id=1169272591970738586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

14种生物胺及2种内标物的质谱参数

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化合物 保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 定量(m/z) 定性(m/z) 碰撞能量/V 去簇电压/V 内标定量
PEA 1.47 122.0 105.1 77.0 20/24 30/42 1-7-DMP
PhEt 1.45 122.0 105.1 79.2 11/28 10/10 1-7-DMP
TRP 1.54 160.9 144.2 115.1 10/20 27/27 1-7-DMP
5HT 1.56 177.1 160.1 115.1 10/35 10/15 1-7-DMP
SPM 1.06 203.0 112.1 84.1 25/35 65/65 1-7-DMP
SPD 1.07 146.1 72.1 129.1 18/14 40/40 1-7-DMP
PUT 1.07 89.0 72.0 48.2 16/20 35/35 1-7-DMP
CAD 1.06 102.9 86.1 69.0 14/22 27/39 1-7-DMP
HIS 1.06 112.0 95.0 68.0 20/30 52/52 HIS-D4
TYP 1.43 137.9 121.3 77.0 12/38 42/42 1-7-DMP
OTP 1.32 154.2 91.0 107.0 22/31 18/11 1-7-DMP
DA 1.30 154.0 137.1 91.2 12/29 42/40 1-7-DMP
BA 1.45 108.1 91.1 65.1 15/14 10/10 1-7-DMP
Agm 1.10 131.0 72.2 114.0 17/12 10/10 1-7-DMP
HIS-D4 1.06 116.0 99.0 59.9 20/12 40/180 1-7-DMP
1,7-DMP 1.06 130.9 114.1 55.1 20/13 65/65 1-7-DMP
), ArticleFig(id=1169272592071401883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Overall situation of 14 kinds of biogenic amines detected in seafoods from different regions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
市县 样品量 个数(n) 最大值
/(mg/kg)		 平均
/(mg/kg)		 含量较高的几类
生物胺
<2.5 mg/kg 2.5~50.0 mg/kg 50.0~200.0 mg/kg >200.0 mg/kg
白沙 2 28 0 0 0 2.248 0.101 SPM、SPD、HIS
保亭 6 66 12 2 4 1245.136 38.465 SPM、SPD、HIS
昌江 7 91 7 0 0 33.784 0.896 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT
澄迈 24 281 45 2 8 10819.835 55.248 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT
儋州 56 653 107 22 2 396.752 5.334 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD
定安 5 67 3 0 0 38.982 1.212 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、TYP
东方 12 144 24 0 0 39.975 1.561 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT
海口 32 411 25 9 3 956.693 6.917 SPM、SPD、HIS、CAD
乐东 19 236 26 4 0 181.947 4.019 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT
临高 17 198 30 9 1 299.374 6.649 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD
陵水 22 261 41 6 0 854.953 10.442 SPM、SPD、HIS
琼海 29 337 54 12 3 697.172 8.276 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD
琼中 4 49 6 1 0 69.853 2.871 SPM、SPD、HIS
三亚 60 708 116 12 4 5,854.353 11.940 SPM、SPD、HIS、CAD
屯昌 8 90 19 1 2 1357.018 17.218 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD
万宁 35 425 86 17 4 1359.621 14.905 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD
文昌 38 386 113 27 6 2563.075 19.032 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD
五指山 6 57 18 5 4 1194.107 40.522 SPM、SPD、HIS、OTP
洋浦 5 64 6 0 0 31.086 1.843 SPM、SPD、PUT
), ArticleFig(id=1169272592167870876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同地区海水产品中检出14种生物胺的总体情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
市县 样品量 个数(n) 最大值
/(mg/kg)		 平均
/(mg/kg)		 含量较高的几类
生物胺
<2.5 mg/kg 2.5~50.0 mg/kg 50.0~200.0 mg/kg >200.0 mg/kg
白沙 2 28 0 0 0 2.248 0.101 SPM、SPD、HIS
保亭 6 66 12 2 4 1245.136 38.465 SPM、SPD、HIS
昌江 7 91 7 0 0 33.784 0.896 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT
澄迈 24 281 45 2 8 10819.835 55.248 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT
儋州 56 653 107 22 2 396.752 5.334 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD
定安 5 67 3 0 0 38.982 1.212 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、TYP
东方 12 144 24 0 0 39.975 1.561 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT
海口 32 411 25 9 3 956.693 6.917 SPM、SPD、HIS、CAD
乐东 19 236 26 4 0 181.947 4.019 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT
临高 17 198 30 9 1 299.374 6.649 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD
陵水 22 261 41 6 0 854.953 10.442 SPM、SPD、HIS
琼海 29 337 54 12 3 697.172 8.276 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD
琼中 4 49 6 1 0 69.853 2.871 SPM、SPD、HIS
三亚 60 708 116 12 4 5,854.353 11.940 SPM、SPD、HIS、CAD
屯昌 8 90 19 1 2 1357.018 17.218 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD
万宁 35 425 86 17 4 1359.621 14.905 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD
文昌 38 386 113 27 6 2563.075 19.032 SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD
五指山 6 57 18 5 4 1194.107 40.522 SPM、SPD、HIS、OTP
洋浦 5 64 6 0 0 31.086 1.843 SPM、SPD、PUT
), ArticleFig(id=1169272592310477213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Overall situation of 14 kinds of biogenic amines detected in different types of seafoods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类 样品量 个数(n) 最大值
/(mg/kg)		 平均值/(mg/kg)
<2.5 mg/kg 2.5~50.0 mg/kg 50.0~200.0 mg/kg >200.0 mg/kg
鱼类 337 3681 696 121 38 10819.835 13.253
虾类 20 243 24 7 6 3006.578 25.060
其他海水产品及其制品 30 318 12 0 0 636.959 5.083
), ArticleFig(id=1169272592377586078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同种类海水产品中检出14种生物胺的总体情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类 样品量 个数(n) 最大值
/(mg/kg)		 平均值/(mg/kg)
<2.5 mg/kg 2.5~50.0 mg/kg 50.0~200.0 mg/kg >200.0 mg/kg
鱼类 337 3681 696 121 38 10819.835 13.253
虾类 20 243 24 7 6 3006.578 25.060
其他海水产品及其制品 30 318 12 0 0 636.959 5.083
), ArticleFig(id=1169272592448889247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Overall situation of HIS detected in seafoods from different regions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
市县 样品量 个数(n) 最大值
/(mg/kg)		 平均值/(mg/kg)
<2.5 mg/kg 2.5~50.0 mg/kg 50.0~200.0 mg/kg >200.0 mg/kg
白沙 2 2 0 0 0 0.071 0.056
保亭 6 3 2 0 1 279.394 50.095
昌江 7 5 2 0 0 33.784 5.787
澄迈 24 17 6 1 0 60.530 5.594
儋州 56 27 24 5 0 165.208 16.165
定安 5 5 0 0 0 0.017 0.006
东方 12 9 3 0 0 5.330 1.591
海口 32 29 3 0 0 4.862 0.431
乐东 19 14 3 2 0 79.577 11.262
临高 17 5 10 2 0 79.174 17.711
陵水 22 13 9 0 0 25.273 5.252
琼海 29 16 10 3 0 109.634 15.033
琼中 4 4 0 0 0 1.997 1.277
三亚 60 28 26 5 1 246.244 16.451
屯昌 8 7 1 0 0 12.058 2.423
万宁 35 10 18 7 0 75.593 25.444
文昌 38 15 15 8 0 197.676 25.617
五指山 6 4 1 1 0 50.288 12.278
洋浦 5 5 0 0 0 0.005 0.002
), ArticleFig(id=1169272592520192416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同地区海水产品中HIS检测的总体情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
市县 样品量 个数(n) 最大值
/(mg/kg)		 平均值/(mg/kg)
<2.5 mg/kg 2.5~50.0 mg/kg 50.0~200.0 mg/kg >200.0 mg/kg
白沙 2 2 0 0 0 0.071 0.056
保亭 6 3 2 0 1 279.394 50.095
昌江 7 5 2 0 0 33.784 5.787
澄迈 24 17 6 1 0 60.530 5.594
儋州 56 27 24 5 0 165.208 16.165
定安 5 5 0 0 0 0.017 0.006
东方 12 9 3 0 0 5.330 1.591
海口 32 29 3 0 0 4.862 0.431
乐东 19 14 3 2 0 79.577 11.262
临高 17 5 10 2 0 79.174 17.711
陵水 22 13 9 0 0 25.273 5.252
琼海 29 16 10 3 0 109.634 15.033
琼中 4 4 0 0 0 1.997 1.277
三亚 60 28 26 5 1 246.244 16.451
屯昌 8 7 1 0 0 12.058 2.423
万宁 35 10 18 7 0 75.593 25.444
文昌 38 15 15 8 0 197.676 25.617
五指山 6 4 1 1 0 50.288 12.278
洋浦 5 5 0 0 0 0.005 0.002
), ArticleFig(id=1169272592616661409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Overall situation of HIS detected in different types of seafoods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类 样品量 个数(n) 最大值/(mg/kg) 平均值/(mg/kg)
<2.5 mg/kg 2.5~50.0 mg/kg 50.0~200.0 mg/kg >200.0 mg/kg
鱼类 337 164 143 28 2 279.394 24.416
虾类 20 14 5 1 0 50.871 6.535
其他海水产品及其制品 30 30 0 0 0 1.997 0.464
), ArticleFig(id=1169272592683770274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同种类海水产品中检出HIS的总体情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类 样品量 个数(n) 最大值/(mg/kg) 平均值/(mg/kg)
<2.5 mg/kg 2.5~50.0 mg/kg 50.0~200.0 mg/kg >200.0 mg/kg
鱼类 337 164 143 28 2 279.394 24.416
虾类 20 14 5 1 0 50.871 6.535
其他海水产品及其制品 30 30 0 0 0 1.997 0.464
), ArticleFig(id=1169272592755073443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Risk assessment of dietary exposure of HIS in different populations from different regions

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), ArticleFig(id=1169272592809599396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同地区不同人群对HIS的膳食摄入风险评估

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), ArticleFig(id=1169272592855736741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Risk assessment of dietary exposure of HIS in different types of seafoods in different populations

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), ArticleFig(id=1169272592906068390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687439295464038, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同人群对不同种类海水产品中HIS的膳食暴露评估

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2022年海南省海水产品中生物胺的膳食风险评估
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邓英林 1 , 陈春泉 1 , 周小钰 1 , 高云慨 1 , 邓浩 2 , 尹青春 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题：食品安全风险评估与风险监测 2025,16(9): 129-137
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题：食品安全风险评估与风险监测 2025, 16(9): 129-137
2022年海南省海水产品中生物胺的膳食风险评估
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邓英林1 , 陈春泉1, 周小钰1, 高云慨1, 邓浩2, 尹青春1, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南省检验检测研究院食品检验检测中心, 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全), 海口 570314
  • 2.海南省农业科学院农产品加工设计研究所, 海南省热带果蔬冷链研究重点实验室, 海口 570100

    • 邓英林(1991—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 尹青春(1986—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与贮藏。E-mail:
Dietary exposure risk assessment of biogenic amines on seafood in Hainan in 2022
Ying-Lin DENG1 , Chun-Quan CHEN1, Xiao-Yu ZHOU1, Yun-Kai GAO1, Hao DENG2, Qing-Chun YIN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Food Testing, Hainan Academy of Inspection and Testing, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Haikou 570314, China
  • 2. Hainan Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Cold-Chain Key Laboratory, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 570100, China
出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241106002
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摘要
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目的 探究海南省各类海水产品中生物胺含量的整体情况, 并对检出的组胺进行膳食风险评估。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对2022年海南省19个市县的超市及农贸市场的387批海水产品中14种生物胺进行检测, 采用风险商(hazard quotient, HQ)对检出的组胺进行膳食暴露风险评估。结果 387批海水产品检出的生物胺平均含量为0.101~55.248 mg/kg, 最大值为2.248~10819.835 mg/kg, 检出含量较高的为精胺、亚精胺、组胺、腐胺、尸胺, 有2个样本检出组胺的含量超过200 mg/kg。膳食风险评估结果显示海南省不同人群摄入组胺的每日摄入估计量为0.00000~0.06690 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1, HQ为0.00000~0.00134 (HQ<1)。结论 海南省各类海水产品中生物胺均有不同程度的检出, 但组胺暴露风险较低, 对人体健康威胁较小。

海水产品  /  生物胺  /  膳食风险评估  /  风险商  /  超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法

Objective To understand the overall situation of biogenic amine content in various types of seafoods in Hainan Province, and conduct dietary risk assessment on the detected histamine. Methods A total of 387 batches of seafoods from supermarkets and farmers’ markets in 19 cities and counties of Hainan Province in 2022 were detected for 14 kinds of biogenic amines by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the detection results, the dietary exposure risk of the detected histamine was assessed by the hazard quotient (HQ). Results The average content of biogenic amine detected in 387 batches of seafoods were 0.101-55.248 mg/kg, and the maximum value were 2.248-10819.835 mg/kg. The higher levels of several biogenic amines were spermine, spermidine, histamine, putrescine, cadaverine and so on. And two samples detected histamine levels over 200 mg/kg. The dietary risk assessment showed that the estimated daily of histamine in different populations in Hainan Province were 0.00000-0.06690 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1, with HQ of 0.00000-0.00134 (HQ<1). Conclusion Biogenic amines are detected in all kinds of seafoods in Hainan Province to varying degrees, but the risk of histamine exposure is low, posing a small threat to human health.

seafood  /  biogenic amine  /  dietary exposure risk assessment  /  hazard quotient  /  ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
邓英林, 陈春泉, 周小钰, 高云慨, 邓浩, 尹青春. 2022年海南省海水产品中生物胺的膳食风险评估. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (9) : 129 -137 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241106002
Ying-Lin DENG, Chun-Quan CHEN, Xiao-Yu ZHOU, Yun-Kai GAO, Hao DENG, Qing-Chun YIN. Dietary exposure risk assessment of biogenic amines on seafood in Hainan in 2022[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (9) : 129 -137 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241106002
正文
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0 引言
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生物胺是一类具有特定的生物活性的低分子质量的碱性含氮化合物的总称[1], 也是游离的氨基酸在微生物脱羧作用下生成的产物[2-3], 主要有组胺(histamine, HIS)、色胺(tryptamine, TRP)、5-羟色胺(serotonin, 5HT)、亚精胺(spermidine, SPD)、精胺(spermine, SPM)、腐胺(putrescine, PUT)、尸胺(cadaverine, CAD)、1-苯乙胺(1-phenylethylamine, PhEt)、β-苯乙胺(2-phenylethylamine, PEA)、酪胺(tyramine, TYP)、苯甲胺、β-苯乙胺和多巴胺等[4]。生物胺普遍存在于蛋白质和氨基酸含量较高的畜禽肉类与水产品、乳制品、酒、酱油以及各类发酵食品中。生物胺中酪胺和HIS等成分与水产品中一些腐败的微生物有关, 可作为水产品新鲜度的关键指标, 也是重要的食品安全风险因子, 可用于预测水产品的货架期[5]。人体和其他生物体内有微量的生物胺, 它与生理活动密切相关, 是生物体所必需的, 但过量生物胺会影响食品的风味和品质, 甚至会对人体和其他生物体造成伤害[6], 海水产品中生物胺含量超标已致使发生多起食品安全事件[7-8]。
近年来国内外主要集中在对海水产品中生物胺的含量的分析研究[9-10], 国内对海水产品中生物胺膳食风险评估展开了一些研究, 国外主要对发酵食品中生物胺开展研究[11]。邵宏宏等[12]研究了大管鞭虾、鱼鮸、鲭鱼和海鲈鱼4种海水产品在4 ℃冷藏期间挥发性盐基氮和生物胺含量的变化, 发现鲭鱼产生的HIS和酪胺等生物胺含量较高。赵庆志[13]采用食品安全指数法对广东省市售鱼类共200个样本中9种生物胺进行膳食风险评估, 经统计分析, 发现每人每月总生物胺的暴露量范围为3.97~6.43 mg/kg, 食品安全指数均小于1, 风险处于可控范围。目前国内外对各类生物胺的限量制定尚未形成统一标准, 仅仅对一些食品中的HIS和酪胺给出了规定和建议, 例如, 欧盟、美国、澳大利亚等规定HIS每人每餐摄入量≤50 mg/kg, 水产品中HIS≤100 mg/kg[14]; 我国GB 2733—2015《食品安全国家标准 鲜、冻动物性水产品》中规定, 高HIS鱼类: HIS≤40 mg/100 g, 其他鱼类: HIS≤20 mg/100 g, 安全限量统一标准的缺失严重限制了海水产品中生物胺对人体健康风险的系统研究。
海南岛四面环海, 海水产品种类繁多, 随着海南省自由贸易港的建设、旅游业的快速发展和人们健康饮食观念的普及, 我省海水产品的消费量逐年升高。因此, 为了解海南省各类海水产品中生物胺含量的总体情况及HIS膳食暴露风险, 本研究拟通过建立的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)对2022年海南省387批海水产品中14种生物胺进行检测和分析, 并对HIS的结果进行膳食风险评估, 以期为加快海水产品中各类生物胺的限量标准制定以及指导海南省不同年龄段居民合理摄入海水产品提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 材料与试剂
本研究所用的387个海水产品及其制品采自海南省19个市县的超市及农贸市场, 覆盖到鱼类337份、虾类20份、其他海水产品及其制品30份, 样品采集过程严格按照相关标准要求[15]。
PEA、HIS、TYP、章鱼胺(octopamine, OTP)(纯度≥98.5%, 德国Dr.Ehrenstorfer GmbH公司); PhEt、SPM、SPD、多巴胺(dopamine, DA)、苄胺(benzylamine, BA)、胍丁胺(agmatine, Agm)、CAD(纯度≥95.3%, 美国CATO公司); TRP、5HT、PUT、组胺-D4 (histamine-α,α,β,β-D4, HIS-D4)、1,7-二氨基庚烷(1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,7-DMP)(纯度≥97.5%, 美国Sigma公司); 甲醇、乙腈、正己烷(色谱纯, 德国Merck公司); 甲酸[色谱纯, 阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司)]; 实验用水(一级超纯水, 美国Millipore公司)。
1.2 仪器与设备
AB SCTEX 4500质谱仪(美国SCTEX公司); Mettler MS1602S+RS-P26型分析天平(精度百分之一, 美国Mettler Toledo公司); BC-1000混合涡旋混合器(中国深圳逗点生物技术有限公司); DTA-33超声提取仪(中国鼎泰恒胜公司); UNIVERSAL 320R高速冷冻离心机(德国Hettich公司); AutoVap S60型多样品自动浓缩仪(美国ATR公司); Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm, 美国Waters公司)。
1.3 实验方法
1.3.1 仪器条件
质谱条件: 离子源为电喷雾电离源, 正离子模式; 扫描模式: 选择多反应监测正离子采集模式; 电喷雾电压: 4500 V; 离子源温度: 550 ℃; 雾化气(nebulizer gas, GS1): 50 psi; 加热气(heating gas, GS2): 50 psi; 气帘气(curtain gas, CUR): 25 psi; 碰撞室入口电压(entrance potential, EP): 10 V。质谱参数见表1。
色谱条件: Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱(2.1 mm× 100 mm, 1.7 μm); 柱温30 ℃; 进样量5.0 μL; 流速0.2 mL/min; 流动相A为0.2%甲酸水溶液, 流动相B为乙腈; 梯度洗脱程序: 0~2 min, 10%~50% B; 2~3 min, 50% B; 3~4 min, 50%~10% B; 4~5 min, 10% B。
1.3.2 样品前处理
采集以上新鲜样品及时冷冻带回实验室, 鱼类取肌肉组织部分, 刮鳞剔骨所得用组织捣碎机搅碎均匀成浆; 虾类取可食用部分, 掐头去壳所得用组织捣碎机搅碎均匀成浆。匀浆后的样品密封放置容器备用, 立即进行处理检测。
提取: 称取2.0 g样品至50 mL干净离心管中, 加入质量浓度为100 ng/mL的混合内标标准使用溶液, 加入2粒质子, 再加入0.2%甲酸甲醇10 mL进行提取, 涡旋10 min, 混匀, 10000 r/min离心10 min, 移取上清液; 剩余残渣物加入0.2%甲酸甲醇10 mL按上面步骤进行第2次提取, 合并上清液, 38 ℃氮吹近干[16]。
净化: 用10%乙腈水(含0.2%甲酸)进行复溶, 定容至1.0 mL。加入5 mL正己烷, 涡旋2 min, 10000 r/min离心2 min, 取下层滤液过0.22 μm有机微孔过滤器后转移至色谱瓶中, 用UPLC-MS/MS进行检测分析。
1.3.3 标准溶液配制
准确称取14种生物胺及内标物适量, 分别使用0.1 mol/L HCl溶解, 乙腈定容至10 mL, 配制成一定浓度的储备液; 分别量取适量的14种生物胺储备液, 配制质量浓度为100 μg/mL的混合标准中间使用溶液, 再量取质量浓度为100 μg/mL的14种生物胺混合中间标准使用溶液0.1 mL, 乙腈稀释定容至10 mL, 配制成质量浓度约1000 ng/mL混合标准使用溶液。量取适量的2种内标物储备液, 配制质量浓度为100 μg/mL的混合内标中间标准使用溶液, 再量取2种混合内标中间标准使用溶液0.1 mL, 乙腈稀释定容至100 mL, 配制成质量浓度约100 ng/mL混合内标标准使用溶液。所有标准使用溶液均放置于-18 ℃冰箱冷藏保存。
1.4 膳食风险暴露评估
本研究对387个海水产品中14种生物胺进行检测, 分析海水产品中生物胺的总体情况及其存在的膳食风险, 并采用风险商法(hazard quotient, HQ)对海水产品中检验结果较高的HIS进行膳食暴露风险评估。HQ指通过膳食摄入某有害物质的安全风险的大小, 即表示为通过食用海水产品摄入HIS每日摄入估计量(estimated daily intake, EDI) 与每日最大耐受摄入量(provisional maximum tolerable daily intake, PMTDI)之比。根据《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)》《第五次中国总膳食研究》及文献报道将人群按性别及年龄分组, 分为儿童组、青年组和老年组。其中, 儿童(不分男女)每日平均海水产品摄入量取25.3 g/d, 体重30 kg; 青年男性取69.3 g/d, 体重63.1 kg, 青年女性取55.7 g/d, 体重60.1 kg; 老年男性取81.6 g/d, 体重61.1 kg, 老年女性取61.0 g/d, 体重54.9 kg[17-20]。计算公式见式(1)和(2)。
$EDI=\frac{C\times K}{bw\times 1000}$
$HQ=\frac{EDI}{PMTDI}$
式中: EDI为每日摄入估计量, mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1; C为样品中生物胺检出的平均浓度, mg/kg; K为人均日消费量, g/d; bw为体重, kg。当HQ≥1时, 表示存在风险, 当HQ<1时, 表示无风险; 且HQ数值与风险成正比。
1.5 数据处理
实验数据采用SPASS 22.0软件进行统计分析, 试验次数为2次, 使用OriginPro 2019b进行绘图。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 海水产品中生物胺的检测结果
2.1.1 海水产品中14种生物胺检测的总体情况
对采集的387批海水产品中14种生物胺进行检测分析, 由表2可知, 不同地区生物胺检出的平均含量都不同, 检出值较高的主要有SPM、SPD、HIS和PUT等。其中, 14种生物胺中有4552个检出值<2.5 mg/kg, 738个检出值在2.5~50.0 mg/kg之间, 129个检出值在50.0~200.0 mg/kg之间, 41个检出值>200.0 mg/kg; 19个市县14种生物胺含量检出的平均值为0.101~55.248 mg/kg, 最大值为2.248~10819.835 mg/kg, 检出含量较高的几类生物胺为SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD。经对比发现, 五指山、澄迈和保亭地区总生物胺含量较高, 可能是由于这几个地区主要偏向海南省中部, 不临海, 为了延长货架期, 主要以冷冻为主, 储藏期较久; 其次, 样本量偏少也可能造成数据不均。
经统计结果, 采集的387批样品中有17个样品14种生物胺总含量超过1000 mg/kg, 总含量的范围为1040.457~11109.692 mg/kg, 占比4.4%。有研究表明, 生物胺一旦在人体内集聚过高的浓度就会导致人体中毒, 引发各种症状[21-23], 据SILLA-SANTOS[24]报道, 摄入总生物胺含量超过1000 mg/kg会严重危害人体健康。因此, 为了降低海南居民海水产品生物胺膳食摄入风险, 对海水产品进行生物胺的研究十分有必要。
2.1.2 不同种类海水产品中检出14种生物胺总体情况
根据表3可知, 不同种类海水产品中生物胺的检出的平均含量较高的主要有SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD等。其中, 鱼类中14种生物胺检出的最大值为10819.835 mg/kg, 平均值为13.253 mg/kg, 有38个检出值>200.0 mg/kg; 虾类中14种生物胺检出最大值为3006.578 mg/kg, 平均值为25.060 mg/kg, 有6个检出值>200.0 mg/kg; 其他海水产品及其制品中14种生物胺检出最大值为636.959 mg/kg, 平均值为5.083 mg/kg。
经对比发现, 检出14种生物胺含量最高的样本来自鱼类, 虾类次之, 这与赵志庆[13]的研究结果相符。可能是鱼类将生物胺富集于其内脏中, 而鱼类在运输和贮藏过程中都是整条鱼没有去除内脏的状态, 因此, 本研究在一定程度上填补了我省海水产品中生物胺含量检出情况的不足, 为监测我省海水产品中生物胺的暴露风险提供理论依据。
2.1.3 海水产品中组胺检测的总体情况
根据统计的海水产品中HIS检测的总体情况结果显示(见表4), 海南省19个市县检出HIS的最大值为0.005~279.394 mg/kg, 平均含量为0.002~50.095 mg/kg。有218个样品HIS检出值<2.5 mg/kg, 133个样品HIS检出值在2.5~50.0 mg/kg, 34个样品HIS检出值在50.0~200.0 mg/kg, 2个样品HIS检出值>200.0 mg/kg。
我国规定HIS限量标准是200 mg/kg, 高HIS鱼类(例如: 鲐鱼、鲹鱼、竹荚鱼、鲭鱼、鲣鱼、金枪鱼、秋刀鱼、马鲛鱼、青占鱼和沙丁鱼等青皮红肉的海水鱼)是400 mg/kg。欧盟、美国和澳大利亚等规定HIS每人每餐摄入量≤50 mg/kg, 说明海南省冷冻贮藏的水产品在贮存和销售过程中存在一定风险点。这与罗娇依等[25]研究相符, 海水产品贮存末期, HIS的含量高于其他生物胺, 海水产品贮藏时间越久, 膳食暴露风险越高。
2.1.4 不同种类海水产品中检出组胺的总体情况
按照鱼、虾及其他海水产品及其制品统计海水产品中检出HIS的总体情况(见表5), 鱼类中HIS检出的最大值为279.394 mg/kg, 平均值为24.416 mg/kg; 虾类中HIS检出最大值为50.871 mg/kg, 平均值为6.535 mg/kg; 其他海水产品及其制品中HIS检出最大值为1.997 mg/kg, 平均值为0.464 mg/kg。
经统计分析发现, 不同种类海水产品中HIS平均值由大到小为: 鱼类>虾类>其他海水产品及其制品。这可能是由于鱼类相比其他类海水产品更易腐败变质, 而HIS含量和鱼的新鲜程度有关, 鱼体不新鲜或腐败时, 鱼体污染的细菌增多, 产生HIS往往也较多。
2.2 海水产品中组胺膳食暴露风险评估
2.2.1 不同地区不同年龄组间海水产品中组胺的膳食暴露风险评估
HIS是生物胺中毒性最大的物质, 欧盟、美国、澳大利亚等规定HIS每人每餐摄入量≤50 mg/kg, 欧洲食品安全局和世界卫生组织对发酵食品中HIS进行了风险评估, 认为健康成年人HIS的急性参考剂量为50 mg/kg, 因此, 本研究以50 mg/kg为每日最大耐受摄入量PMTDI进行膳食暴露风险评估。采用风险商法[26-28]从地域性分别评估海水产品中HIS的膳食暴露风险, 结果见表6。海南19个市县儿童组摄入HIS的EDI为0.00000~0.04225 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1, 青年组男性摄入HIS的EDI为0.00000~0.05502 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1, 青年组女性的EDI为0.00000~0.05405 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1, 老年组男性摄入HIS的EDI为0.00000~0.06690 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1, 老年组女性的EDI为0.00000~0.05566 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1; 儿童组的HQ为0.00000~0.00084, 青年组的HQ为0.00000~0.00110, 老年组的HQ为0.00000~0.00134。
结果表明通过食用海水产品摄入的HIS HQ均小于1, 对暴露人群无明显的健康风险。但需要注意的是, 保亭、万宁、文昌这3个市县的HQ值相对较高, 这可能与当地居民的饮食习惯有关, 同时, 因不同年龄组的体重及每日平均摄入量不同, 造成EDI及HQ均有所差异。因此, 为安全起见, 尤其是儿童食用海水产品时应更加注意, 建议吃新鲜的海水产品, 并不要长期食用某一特定类海水产品, 合理科学安排饮食结构。
2.2.2 不同种类海水产品中组胺的膳食暴露风险评估
按鱼类、虾类、其他海水产品及其制品对海南省居民摄入HIS进行膳食暴露评估, 将人群按性别及年龄分儿童组、青年组及老年组。结果见表7, 儿童组食用不同种类海水产品摄入HIS的EDI为0.00039~0.02059 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1,青年组男性摄入HIS的EDI为0.00051~0.02682 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1, 青年组女性的EDI为0.00050~0.02634 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1, 老年组男性摄入HIS的EDI为0.00062~0.03261 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1, 老年组女性的EDI为0.00052~0.02713 mg·kg-1·bw-1·d-1; 儿童的HQ为0.00001~0.00041, 青年的HQ为0.00001~ 0.00054, 老年人的HQ为0.00001~0.00065。
总体表明男性的暴露量要普遍高于女性的暴露量, 老年人的暴露量均比青年组和儿童组低。通过食用不同种类的海水产品摄入的HIS HQ均小于1, 对人体健康威胁较小; 不同种类海水产品中HIS的HQ由大到小均为: 鱼类>虾类>其他海水产品及制品。郭新颖等[29]采用点评估模型分析了9份新鲜马鲛鱼和26份马鲛鱼罐头样品在不同人群中的健康风险, HIS的暴露水平为31.33~135.25 μg·kg-1·d-1, 食品安全指数为0.0029~0.0126, 虽然食品安全风险在可控范围内, 但HIS的健康风险阈值较高, 值得关注。刘光明等[30]调研了福建多家鱼类产品加工企业, 发现企业对海洋中上层鱼类的产品在生产的原料、加工、成品等各环节存在的生物胺问题不够重视, 需进一步完善分析方法以加强产品的生物胺监测, 减少产品生物胺危害的风险。
3 结论与讨论
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本研究采用UPLC-MS/MS对海南省387个海水产品中14种生物胺进行检测分析, 发现检出含量较高的主要为SPM、SPD、HIS、PUT、CAD, 所有海水产品均检出SPM、SPD, 说明可能在海水产品中SPM和SPD是其组成性胺类, 检出14种生物胺含量最高的样本主要来自鱼类, 因此, 相关部门应重点关注鱼类中生物胺的检出情况, 加大监管力度。
本研究通过对海南省不同市县、不同海水产品种类及不同年龄组和不同性别食用海水产品摄入HIS分层次进行膳食暴露风险评估。采用HQ进行评估, 发现HQ均小于1, 对人体健康威胁较小。本评估结果具有一定局限性和不确定性。首先, 本研究选取的海水产品样本未覆盖全种类, 鱼类样品较多, 而虾蟹等样本量较少, 可能导致暴露评估数值存在偏差, 不够具有代表性。其次, 不同市县抽取的样品量不同, 造成的评估结果也会有所差异。此外, 人群食品海水产品具有不确定性, 本研究未将可能产生生物胺的其他类别食品进行叠加分析, 比如同时食用不新鲜的猪牛羊肉或畜禽肉、罐头制品、腌渍或发酵食品等, 因此, 评估数值有可能偏低。最后, 本研究评估所用的使用海水产品为均值, 同时, 不同人群食用量及体重均采用平均值, 未覆盖全年龄段, 有可能部分人群一次性或长期摄入HIS含量较多的海水产品, 评估结果各不相同, 数值可能会很高。虽然本研究膳食暴露评估没有风险, 评估结果也具有一定的不确定性, 但部分海水产品14种生物胺总含量检出值较高, 且有2批样品中HIS的检出值较高, 因此仍需加强日常监管, 指导居民科学合理的膳食, 防患于未然。
基金
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  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(321MS104)
  • 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全)自主课题项目(ZZ-2024002)
  • 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全)自主课题项目(ZZ-2024001)
文献
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241106002
  • 接收时间：2024-11-06
  • 首发时间：2025-07-17
  • 出版时间：2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-06
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(321MS104)
国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全)自主课题项目(ZZ-2024002)
国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全)自主课题项目(ZZ-2024001)
作者信息
    1.海南省检验检测研究院食品检验检测中心, 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全), 海口 570314
    2.海南省农业科学院农产品加工设计研究所, 海南省热带果蔬冷链研究重点实验室, 海口 570100

通讯作者:

* 尹青春(1986—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与贮藏。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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