Article(id=1152687436330087012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240904004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725379200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752751700717, onlineDateStr=2025-07-17, pubDate=1747238400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752751700717, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752751700717, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752751700717, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152687434774000221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752751700342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756708585928, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1169283815848555430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1169283815848555431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1152687434774000221, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=277, endPage=288, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152687438066528879, articleId=1152687436330087012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of amino acids content in pork by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous detection of multiple amino acids in each part of pork by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Methods The samples were extracted by acidizing high-temperature hydrolysis, acidizing microwave hydrolysis and alkalization high-temperature hydrolysis, determined by HPLC-MS/MS, electrospray ionization in positive ion mode, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), used formic acid solution-methanol acetonitrile (1:4, V:V) solution of formic acid as mobile phase with gradient elution. Results It was extracted by acidizing microwave hydrolysis with short time and high efficiency. The detection method had a good relationship in the linear range, r2 was between 0.9905 and 0.9956, the limits of detection were 0.012-0.133 ng/mL, the limits of quantitation were 0.038-0.444 ng/mL, the average recoveries were in the range 85.58% and 98.84%, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 0.68%-6.71%. Conclusion The method has simple process, good repeatability and stability, and can not only be used for simultaneous detection of multiple amino acids in each part of pork to achieve the purpose of high-throughput and rapid detection, but also can effectively monitor the adulteration behavior of pork products.

, correspAuthors=Kun WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan-Ming LI, Kun WANG, Min LI, Xiao-Li WANG, Juan CAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1152687459981766866, articleId=1152687436330087012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中氨基酸含量, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)同时检测猪肉各部位中多种氨基酸的方法。方法 样品以酸化高温水解、酸化微波水解、碱化高温水解方式分别进行提取, 采用HPLC-MS/MS进行分析, 电喷雾离子源正离子模式, 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式采集, 以甲酸水溶液-甲酸的甲醇乙腈(1:4, V:V)溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。结果 以酸化微波水解方式提取, 时间短、效率高。该检测方法在线性范围内关系良好, 相关系数r2在0.9905~0.9956之间, 检出限为0.012~0.133 ng/mL, 定量限为0.038~0.444 ng/mL, 回收率为85.58%~98.84%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)在0.68%~6.71%之间。结论 该方法过程简单, 具有良好的重复性和稳定性, 不仅可用于猪肉各部位中多种氨基酸的同时检测, 达到高通量快速检测的目的, 而且还能够有效监测猪肉产品的掺假行为。

, correspAuthors=王坤, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王坤(1985—), 男, 硕士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与营养。E-mail:
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李艳明(1988—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与营养。E-mail:

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李艳明(1988—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与营养。E-mail:

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School of Health, Binzhou Polytechnic, Binzhou 256603, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1169272739987726415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, companyId=1169272739979337805, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.滨州职业学院健康学院, 滨州 256603)]), AuthorCompany(id=1169272740197441617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1169272740210024530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, companyId=1169272740197441617, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Binzhou Zhongyu Food Industry Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1169272740218413139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, companyId=1169272740197441617, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.滨州中裕食品有限公司, 滨州 256600)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1169272742797910156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=TICs of standard solution of 17 kinds of substances (20 nmol/L), figureFileSmall=ctTpKJBbdeY725SlitmDhg==, figureFileBig=juiN27G770KFPnxeItq/vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272742894379150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=CN, label=图1, caption=17种物质标准溶液的TICs (20 nmol/L)

注: B. Gly; C. Ala; D. Ser; E. Pro; F. Val; G. Thr; H. Cys; I. Asp; J. Lys; K. Glu; L. Met; M. His; N. Phe; O. Arg; P. Tyr; Q. Ile; R. Leu。

, figureFileSmall=ctTpKJBbdeY725SlitmDhg==, figureFileBig=juiN27G770KFPnxeItq/vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272742961488016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=MRM chromatograms of standard solution of 17 kinds of substances (20 nnol/mL), figureFileSmall=XCSB4OXwbeFM5UPZSwQAZA==, figureFileBig=zttYNcJ9mcW144H+1bQxrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272743045374098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=CN, label=图2, caption=17种物质标准溶液的MRM图(20 nnol/mL), figureFileSmall=XCSB4OXwbeFM5UPZSwQAZA==, figureFileBig=zttYNcJ9mcW144H+1bQxrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272743120871572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison of the content of each compound using different extraction conditions, figureFileSmall=Edh7jeIjRwxhAikRVdpzag==, figureFileBig=AI6N1hRLEVJQRp8vmKQ5dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272743183786133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同提取条件下各化合物含量对比, figureFileSmall=Edh7jeIjRwxhAikRVdpzag==, figureFileBig=AI6N1hRLEVJQRp8vmKQ5dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272743271866518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of HPLC-MS/MS and amino acid analyzer, figureFileSmall=RI0B2LMmDeF3yJoxbcf0iw==, figureFileBig=GkmnqO3HSZ0zI2hG1ygWZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272743326392471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=CN, label=图4, caption=HPLC-MS/MS与氨基酸分析仪比较, figureFileSmall=RI0B2LMmDeF3yJoxbcf0iw==, figureFileBig=GkmnqO3HSZ0zI2hG1ygWZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1169272743427055769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Condition of gradient elution

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min A/% B/% 流速/(mL/min)
0.00 95.00 5.00 0.4
6.00 5.00 95.00 0.4
8.00 5.00 95.00 0.4
8.01 95.00 5.00 0.4
10.00 95.00 5.00 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1169272743502553243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

流动相梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min A/% B/% 流速/(mL/min)
0.00 95.00 5.00 0.4
6.00 5.00 95.00 0.4
8.00 5.00 95.00 0.4
8.01 95.00 5.00 0.4
10.00 95.00 5.00 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1169272743578050717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Chromatography-mass spectrometry parameters of 17 kinds of substances

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
名称
母离子 碰撞电压
/V
子离子 碰撞能量
/V
Asp 134.1 72 74.1* 13
134.1 72 88.1 9
Thr 120.1 139 77.1* 29
120.1 139 51.1 49
Ser 106.1 60 60.1* 9
106.1 60 88.0 9
Glu 148.1 77 84.1* 17
148.1 77 56.1 33
Gly 76.0 45 58.0 10
76.0 45 30.0* 10
Ala 90.1 45 44.0* 10
90.1 45 22.0 10
Cys 122.0 141 59.1* 25
122.0 141 90.8 29
Val 118.1 72 72.1* 9
118.1 72 55.1 25
Met 150.1 77 56.1* 17
150.1 77 61.1 25
Ile 132.1 72 86.1* 9
132.1 72 69.1 17
Leu 132.1 77 86.1* 9
132.1 77 69.1 17
Tyr 182.1 82 136.1* 9
182.1 82 91.1 33
Phe 166.1 77 120.1* 13
166.1 77 77.1 49
Lys 147.1 77 84.1* 17
147.1 77 130.1 9
His 156.1 92 110.1* 13
156.1 92 83.1 25
Arg 175.1 97 70.1* 25
175.1 97 60.1 13
Pro 116.1 87 70.1* 17
116.1 87 68.2 37
), ArticleFig(id=1169272743666131102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

17种物质色谱-质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
名称
母离子 碰撞电压
/V
子离子 碰撞能量
/V
Asp 134.1 72 74.1* 13
134.1 72 88.1 9
Thr 120.1 139 77.1* 29
120.1 139 51.1 49
Ser 106.1 60 60.1* 9
106.1 60 88.0 9
Glu 148.1 77 84.1* 17
148.1 77 56.1 33
Gly 76.0 45 58.0 10
76.0 45 30.0* 10
Ala 90.1 45 44.0* 10
90.1 45 22.0 10
Cys 122.0 141 59.1* 25
122.0 141 90.8 29
Val 118.1 72 72.1* 9
118.1 72 55.1 25
Met 150.1 77 56.1* 17
150.1 77 61.1 25
Ile 132.1 72 86.1* 9
132.1 72 69.1 17
Leu 132.1 77 86.1* 9
132.1 77 69.1 17
Tyr 182.1 82 136.1* 9
182.1 82 91.1 33
Phe 166.1 77 120.1* 13
166.1 77 77.1 49
Lys 147.1 77 84.1* 17
147.1 77 130.1 9
His 156.1 92 110.1* 13
156.1 92 83.1 25
Arg 175.1 97 70.1* 25
175.1 97 60.1 13
Pro 116.1 87 70.1* 17
116.1 87 68.2 37
), ArticleFig(id=1169272743766794400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of the content of each compound in different extraction solution concentrations (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 里脊肉 梅花肉 前腿肉 后腿肉 五花肉
60
mmol
90
mmol
120
mmol
60
mmol
90
mmol
120 mmol 60
mmol
90
mmol
120
mmol
60
mmol
90
mmol
120
mmol
60
mmol
90
mmol
120
mmol
Lys 1.718 1.907 1.795 1.660 1.882 1.652 1.308 1.604 1.506 1.319 1.610 1.552 1.605 1.635 1.502
His 0.487 0.439 0.528 0.449 0.396 0.403 0.309 0.331 0.283 0.332 0.338 0.288 0.341 0.394 0.388
Arg 0.904 0.950 0.904 0.907 0.942 0.933 0.868 0.856 0.784 0.861 0.847 0.757 0.711 0.779 0.702
Cys 0.155 0.141 0.166 0.103 0.133 0.138 0.113 0.102 0.092 0.104 0.098 0.108 0.087 0.124 0.102
Gly 0.700 0.806 0.703 0.523 0.602 0.519 0.697 0.725 0.478 0.708 0.736 0.414 0.662 0.679 0.604
Ser 0.614 0.712 0.636 0.542 0.606 0.551 0.468 0.568 0.412 0.532 0.605 0.457 0.624 0.662 0.589
Asp 1.708 1.943 1.499 1.709 1.889 1.509 1.646 1.832 1.446 1.774 1.848 1.687 1.342 1.532 1.547
Ala 0.431 0.391 0.379 0.398 0.401 0.336 0.403 0.382 0.302 0.433 0.396 0.332 0.403 0.362 0.390
Glu 1.213 1.265 1.209 1.003 1.179 1.108 0.976 1.045 0.832 0.869 1.009 0.864 0.879 1.016 0.955
Pro 0.693 0.749 0.713 0.432 0.588 0.598 0.389 0.455 0.487 0.402 0.517 0.408 0.550 0.578 0.442
Val 1.082 1.208 1.152 1.002 1.030 1.028 0.893 1.045 1.009 0.835 1.082 0.947 0.877 1.036 0.998
Met 0.661 0.688 0.690 0.589 0.666 0.653 0.335 0.442 0.408 0.357 0.439 0.436 0.400 0.408 0.416
Tyr 0.847 0.910 0.902 0.764 0.889 0.823 0.711 0.726 0.732 0.706 0.768 0.711 0.619 0.602 0.554
Ile 0.898 1.042 0.947 0.832 1.009 0.965 0.776 0.823 0.836 0.714 0.806 0.796 0.324 0.587 0.566
Leu 1.433 1.741 1.489 1.369 1.702 1.392 1.105 1.602 1.507 1.063 1.618 1.524 1.165 1.245 1.208
Phe 0.929 1.005 0.973 0.865 0.953 0.857 0.465 0.723 0.708 0.574 0.711 0.741 0.624 0.776 0.792
Thr 0.664 0.726 0.702 0.542 0.662 0.556 0.411 0.672 0.652 0.635 0.601 0.621 0.594 0.614 0.497
TAA 15.14 16.62 15.39 13.69 15.53 14.02 11.87 13.93 12.47 12.22 14.03 12.64 11.81 13.03 12.25
), ArticleFig(id=1169272743884234914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同提取液浓度下各化合物含量对比(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 里脊肉 梅花肉 前腿肉 后腿肉 五花肉
60
mmol
90
mmol
120
mmol
60
mmol
90
mmol
120 mmol 60
mmol
90
mmol
120
mmol
60
mmol
90
mmol
120
mmol
60
mmol
90
mmol
120
mmol
Lys 1.718 1.907 1.795 1.660 1.882 1.652 1.308 1.604 1.506 1.319 1.610 1.552 1.605 1.635 1.502
His 0.487 0.439 0.528 0.449 0.396 0.403 0.309 0.331 0.283 0.332 0.338 0.288 0.341 0.394 0.388
Arg 0.904 0.950 0.904 0.907 0.942 0.933 0.868 0.856 0.784 0.861 0.847 0.757 0.711 0.779 0.702
Cys 0.155 0.141 0.166 0.103 0.133 0.138 0.113 0.102 0.092 0.104 0.098 0.108 0.087 0.124 0.102
Gly 0.700 0.806 0.703 0.523 0.602 0.519 0.697 0.725 0.478 0.708 0.736 0.414 0.662 0.679 0.604
Ser 0.614 0.712 0.636 0.542 0.606 0.551 0.468 0.568 0.412 0.532 0.605 0.457 0.624 0.662 0.589
Asp 1.708 1.943 1.499 1.709 1.889 1.509 1.646 1.832 1.446 1.774 1.848 1.687 1.342 1.532 1.547
Ala 0.431 0.391 0.379 0.398 0.401 0.336 0.403 0.382 0.302 0.433 0.396 0.332 0.403 0.362 0.390
Glu 1.213 1.265 1.209 1.003 1.179 1.108 0.976 1.045 0.832 0.869 1.009 0.864 0.879 1.016 0.955
Pro 0.693 0.749 0.713 0.432 0.588 0.598 0.389 0.455 0.487 0.402 0.517 0.408 0.550 0.578 0.442
Val 1.082 1.208 1.152 1.002 1.030 1.028 0.893 1.045 1.009 0.835 1.082 0.947 0.877 1.036 0.998
Met 0.661 0.688 0.690 0.589 0.666 0.653 0.335 0.442 0.408 0.357 0.439 0.436 0.400 0.408 0.416
Tyr 0.847 0.910 0.902 0.764 0.889 0.823 0.711 0.726 0.732 0.706 0.768 0.711 0.619 0.602 0.554
Ile 0.898 1.042 0.947 0.832 1.009 0.965 0.776 0.823 0.836 0.714 0.806 0.796 0.324 0.587 0.566
Leu 1.433 1.741 1.489 1.369 1.702 1.392 1.105 1.602 1.507 1.063 1.618 1.524 1.165 1.245 1.208
Phe 0.929 1.005 0.973 0.865 0.953 0.857 0.465 0.723 0.708 0.574 0.711 0.741 0.624 0.776 0.792
Thr 0.664 0.726 0.702 0.542 0.662 0.556 0.411 0.672 0.652 0.635 0.601 0.621 0.594 0.614 0.497
TAA 15.14 16.62 15.39 13.69 15.53 14.02 11.87 13.93 12.47 12.22 14.03 12.64 11.81 13.03 12.25
), ArticleFig(id=1169272743993286819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of the content of each compound in different extraction temperature (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 里脊肉 梅花肉 前腿肉 后腿肉 五花肉
110 ℃ 130 ℃ 150 ℃ 110 ℃ 130 ℃ 150 ℃ 110 ℃ 130 ℃ 150 ℃ 110 ℃ 130 ℃ 150 ℃ 110 ℃ 130 ℃ 150 ℃
Lys 1.564 1.907 1.912 1.602 1.882 1.885 1.402 1.604 1.594 1.579 1.610 1.592 1.584 1.635 1.642
His 0.332 0.439 0.430 0.328 0.396 0.388 0.323 0.331 0.303 0.345 0.338 0.319 0.382 0.394 0.389
Arg 0.884 0.950 0.955 0.911 0.942 0.937 0.842 0.856 0.849 0.808 0.847 0.840 0.761 0.779 0.763
Cys 0.102 0.141 0.122 0.135 0.133 0.140 0.110 0.102 0.097 0.079 0.098 0.083 0.120 0.124 0.105
Gly 0.653 0.806 0.744 0.513 0.602 0.610 0.697 0.725 0.574 0.732 0.736 0.742 0.632 0.679 0.608
Ser 0.547 0.712 0.709 0.558 0.606 0.549 0.514 0.568 0.538 0.535 0.605 0.594 0.577 0.662 0.595
Asp 1.894 1.943 1.622 1.733 1.889 1.774 1.728 1.832 1.837 1.709 1.848 1.692 1.403 1.532 1.333
Ala 0.332 0.391 0.338 0.410 0.401 0.367 0.391 0.382 0.335 0.378 0.396 0.391 0.338 0.362 0.324
Glu 1.209 1.265 1.223 1.132 1.179 1.164 1.005 1.045 0.958 0.916 1.009 0.945 0.984 1.016 1.005
Pro 0.714 0.749 0.733 0.449 0.588 0.574 0.406 0.455 0.463 0.484 0.517 0.502 0.517 0.578 0.557
Val 1.215 1.208 1.220 0.985 1.030 1.040 0.906 1.045 1.021 0.983 1.082 1.055 0.679 1.036 1.011
Met 0.661 0.688 0.551 0.502 0.666 0.651 0.308 0.442 0.435 0.332 0.439 0.441 0.410 0.408 0.391
Tyr 0.348 0.910 0.844 0.379 0.889 0.874 0.421 0.726 0.514 0.412 0.768 0.733 0.336 0.602 0.591
Ile 0.664 1.042 0.847 0.741 1.009 0.978 0.674 0.823 0.814 0.778 0.806 0.684 0.548 0.587 0.344
Leu 0.878 1.741 1.738 0.917 1.702 1.648 1.008 1.602 1.571 0.790 1.618 1.609 1.022 1.245 1.218
Phe 0.994 1.005 1.010 0.879 0.953 0.772 0.384 0.723 0.700 0.595 0.711 0.703 0.698 0.776 0.729
Thr 0.584 0.726 0.552 0.597 0.662 0.671 0.309 0.672 0.622 0.593 0.601 0.607 0.611 0.614 0.407
TAA 13.58 16.62 15.55 12.77 15.53 15.02 11.43 13.93 13.23 12.05 14.03 13.53 11.60 13.03 12.01
), ArticleFig(id=1169272744106533029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同提取温度下各化合物含量对比(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 里脊肉 梅花肉 前腿肉 后腿肉 五花肉
110 ℃ 130 ℃ 150 ℃ 110 ℃ 130 ℃ 150 ℃ 110 ℃ 130 ℃ 150 ℃ 110 ℃ 130 ℃ 150 ℃ 110 ℃ 130 ℃ 150 ℃
Lys 1.564 1.907 1.912 1.602 1.882 1.885 1.402 1.604 1.594 1.579 1.610 1.592 1.584 1.635 1.642
His 0.332 0.439 0.430 0.328 0.396 0.388 0.323 0.331 0.303 0.345 0.338 0.319 0.382 0.394 0.389
Arg 0.884 0.950 0.955 0.911 0.942 0.937 0.842 0.856 0.849 0.808 0.847 0.840 0.761 0.779 0.763
Cys 0.102 0.141 0.122 0.135 0.133 0.140 0.110 0.102 0.097 0.079 0.098 0.083 0.120 0.124 0.105
Gly 0.653 0.806 0.744 0.513 0.602 0.610 0.697 0.725 0.574 0.732 0.736 0.742 0.632 0.679 0.608
Ser 0.547 0.712 0.709 0.558 0.606 0.549 0.514 0.568 0.538 0.535 0.605 0.594 0.577 0.662 0.595
Asp 1.894 1.943 1.622 1.733 1.889 1.774 1.728 1.832 1.837 1.709 1.848 1.692 1.403 1.532 1.333
Ala 0.332 0.391 0.338 0.410 0.401 0.367 0.391 0.382 0.335 0.378 0.396 0.391 0.338 0.362 0.324
Glu 1.209 1.265 1.223 1.132 1.179 1.164 1.005 1.045 0.958 0.916 1.009 0.945 0.984 1.016 1.005
Pro 0.714 0.749 0.733 0.449 0.588 0.574 0.406 0.455 0.463 0.484 0.517 0.502 0.517 0.578 0.557
Val 1.215 1.208 1.220 0.985 1.030 1.040 0.906 1.045 1.021 0.983 1.082 1.055 0.679 1.036 1.011
Met 0.661 0.688 0.551 0.502 0.666 0.651 0.308 0.442 0.435 0.332 0.439 0.441 0.410 0.408 0.391
Tyr 0.348 0.910 0.844 0.379 0.889 0.874 0.421 0.726 0.514 0.412 0.768 0.733 0.336 0.602 0.591
Ile 0.664 1.042 0.847 0.741 1.009 0.978 0.674 0.823 0.814 0.778 0.806 0.684 0.548 0.587 0.344
Leu 0.878 1.741 1.738 0.917 1.702 1.648 1.008 1.602 1.571 0.790 1.618 1.609 1.022 1.245 1.218
Phe 0.994 1.005 1.010 0.879 0.953 0.772 0.384 0.723 0.700 0.595 0.711 0.703 0.698 0.776 0.729
Thr 0.584 0.726 0.552 0.597 0.662 0.671 0.309 0.672 0.622 0.593 0.601 0.607 0.611 0.614 0.407
TAA 13.58 16.62 15.55 12.77 15.53 15.02 11.43 13.93 13.23 12.05 14.03 13.53 11.60 13.03 12.01
), ArticleFig(id=1169272744249139366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of the content of each compound in different extraction time (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 里脊肉 梅花肉 前腿肉 后腿肉 五花肉
1 h 3 h 5 h 1 h 3 h 5 h 1 h 3 h 5 h 1 h 3 h 5 h 1 h 3 h 5 h
Lys 1.426 1.907 1.910 1.309 1.882 1.894 1.384 1.604 1.598 1.177 1.610 1.621 1.163 1.635 1.629
His 0.429 0.439 0.442 0.384 0.396 0.405 0.337 0.331 0.335 0.307 0.338 0.331 0.396 0.394 0.399
Arg 0.945 0.950 0.952 0.951 0.942 0.955 0.862 0.856 0.860 0.815 0.847 0.826 0.758 0.779 0.758
Cys 0.112 0.141 0.144 0.135 0.133 0.138 0.094 0.102 0.110 0.100 0.098 0.075 0.128 0.124 0.130
Gly 0.746 0.806 0.795 0.594 0.602 0.610 0.728 0.725 0.730 0.728 0.736 0.718 0.690 0.679 0.709
Ser 0.645 0.712 0.715 0.611 0.606 0.603 0.537 0.568 0.571 0.593 0.605 0.618 0.546 0.662 0.628
Asp 1.215 1.943 1.952 1.194 1.889 1.894 1.177 1.832 1.820 1.142 1.848 1.832 1.038 1.532 1.516
Ala 0.331 0.391 0.402 0.387 0.401 0.388 0.374 0.382 0.379 0.335 0.396 0.401 0.308 0.362 0.371
Glu 1.108 1.265 1.258 1.184 1.179 1.169 1.025 1.045 1.029 0.925 1.009 0.992 0.879 1.016 1.023
Pro 0.415 0.749 0.743 0.321 0.588 0.594 0.308 0.455 0.450 0.284 0.517 0.507 0.179 0.578 0.594
Val 1.006 1.208 1.211 0.996 1.030 1.008 1.023 1.045 1.008 0.896 1.082 1.088 1.008 1.036 1.045
Met 0.645 0.688 0.693 0.648 0.666 0.656 0.434 0.442 0.420 0.348 0.439 0.446 0.395 0.408 0.413
Tyr 0.908 0.910 0.921 0.846 0.889 0.902 0.720 0.726 0.717 0.776 0.768 0.782 0.549 0.602 0.573
Ile 1.032 1.042 1.055 0.986 1.009 1.015 0.794 0.823 0.829 0.811 0.806 0.811 0.533 0.587 0.591
Leu 1.732 1.741 1.705 1.684 1.702 1.694 1.548 1.602 1.596 1.559 1.618 1.600 1.208 1.245 1.127
Phe 0.548 1.005 0.984 0.540 0.953 0.937 0.376 0.723 0.725 0.423 0.711 0.723 0.287 0.776 0.733
Thr 0.708 0.726 0.703 0.638 0.662 0.608 0.587 0.672 0.657 0.613 0.601 0.591 0.569 0.614 0.640
TAA 13.95 16.62 16.59 13.41 15.53 15.47 12.31 13.93 13.83 11.83 14.03 13.96 10.63 13.03 12.88
), ArticleFig(id=1169272744387551400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同提取时间下各化合物含量对比(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 里脊肉 梅花肉 前腿肉 后腿肉 五花肉
1 h 3 h 5 h 1 h 3 h 5 h 1 h 3 h 5 h 1 h 3 h 5 h 1 h 3 h 5 h
Lys 1.426 1.907 1.910 1.309 1.882 1.894 1.384 1.604 1.598 1.177 1.610 1.621 1.163 1.635 1.629
His 0.429 0.439 0.442 0.384 0.396 0.405 0.337 0.331 0.335 0.307 0.338 0.331 0.396 0.394 0.399
Arg 0.945 0.950 0.952 0.951 0.942 0.955 0.862 0.856 0.860 0.815 0.847 0.826 0.758 0.779 0.758
Cys 0.112 0.141 0.144 0.135 0.133 0.138 0.094 0.102 0.110 0.100 0.098 0.075 0.128 0.124 0.130
Gly 0.746 0.806 0.795 0.594 0.602 0.610 0.728 0.725 0.730 0.728 0.736 0.718 0.690 0.679 0.709
Ser 0.645 0.712 0.715 0.611 0.606 0.603 0.537 0.568 0.571 0.593 0.605 0.618 0.546 0.662 0.628
Asp 1.215 1.943 1.952 1.194 1.889 1.894 1.177 1.832 1.820 1.142 1.848 1.832 1.038 1.532 1.516
Ala 0.331 0.391 0.402 0.387 0.401 0.388 0.374 0.382 0.379 0.335 0.396 0.401 0.308 0.362 0.371
Glu 1.108 1.265 1.258 1.184 1.179 1.169 1.025 1.045 1.029 0.925 1.009 0.992 0.879 1.016 1.023
Pro 0.415 0.749 0.743 0.321 0.588 0.594 0.308 0.455 0.450 0.284 0.517 0.507 0.179 0.578 0.594
Val 1.006 1.208 1.211 0.996 1.030 1.008 1.023 1.045 1.008 0.896 1.082 1.088 1.008 1.036 1.045
Met 0.645 0.688 0.693 0.648 0.666 0.656 0.434 0.442 0.420 0.348 0.439 0.446 0.395 0.408 0.413
Tyr 0.908 0.910 0.921 0.846 0.889 0.902 0.720 0.726 0.717 0.776 0.768 0.782 0.549 0.602 0.573
Ile 1.032 1.042 1.055 0.986 1.009 1.015 0.794 0.823 0.829 0.811 0.806 0.811 0.533 0.587 0.591
Leu 1.732 1.741 1.705 1.684 1.702 1.694 1.548 1.602 1.596 1.559 1.618 1.600 1.208 1.245 1.127
Phe 0.548 1.005 0.984 0.540 0.953 0.937 0.376 0.723 0.725 0.423 0.711 0.723 0.287 0.776 0.733
Thr 0.708 0.726 0.703 0.638 0.662 0.608 0.587 0.672 0.657 0.613 0.601 0.591 0.569 0.614 0.640
TAA 13.95 16.62 16.59 13.41 15.53 15.47 12.31 13.93 13.83 11.83 14.03 13.96 10.63 13.03 12.88
), ArticleFig(id=1169272744584683690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Linear ranges, regression equation, LODs and LOQs of 17 kinds of amino acids

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 线性范围/(nmol/mL) 回归方程 r2 LODs/(ng/mL) LOQs/(ng/mL)
Asp 1~50 Y=1270.2085X+15009.0932 0.9939 0.133 0.444
Thr 1~50 Y=41896.2122X+388575.4467 0.9907 0.012 0.040
Ser 1~50 Y=7532.8180X+125730.7607 0.9907 0.053 0.175
Glu 1~50 Y=3836.1398X+70732.0802 0.9911 0.015 0.049
Gly 1~50 Y=1905.6437X+23811.2146 0.9956 0.075 0.250
Ala 1~50 Y=2264.3048X+39765.7404 0.9913 0.089 0.297
Cys 1~50 Y=1567.2507X+1341.4238 0.9934 0.121 0.404
Val 1~50 Y=85850.3196X+1140930.2698 0.9913 0.012 0.039
Met 1~50 Y=27602.1832X+265455.0692 0.9931 0.015 0.050
Ile 1~50 Y=81062.8312X+1170914.4118 0.9931 0.066 0.219
Leu 1~50 Y=101708.1443X+1931733.7864 0.9925 0.013 0.044
Tyr 1~50 Y=25222.1989X+188040.4639 0.9932 0.018 0.060
Phe 1~50 Y=100769.9935X+880221.1550 0.9915 0.017 0.055
Lys 1~50 Y=21305.4818X+205539.2838 0.9927 0.073 0.244
His 1~50 Y=18896.9002X+287194.4947 0.9905 0.016 0.052
Arg 1~50 Y=19753.8248X+378280.6618 0.9911 0.087 0.290
Pro 1~50 Y=45612.7899X+742202.9810 0.9929 0.012 0.038
), ArticleFig(id=1169272744781815981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1152687436330087012, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

17种氨基酸的线性范围、回归方程、LODs和LOQs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 线性范围/(nmol/mL) 回归方程 r2 LODs/(ng/mL) LOQs/(ng/mL)
Asp 1~50 Y=1270.2085X+15009.0932 0.9939 0.133 0.444
Thr 1~50 Y=41896.2122X+388575.4467 0.9907 0.012 0.040
Ser 1~50 Y=7532.8180X+125730.7607 0.9907 0.053 0.175
Glu 1~50 Y=3836.1398X+70732.0802 0.9911 0.015 0.049
Gly 1~50 Y=1905.6437X+23811.2146 0.9956 0.075 0.250
Ala 1~50 Y=2264.3048X+39765.7404 0.9913 0.089 0.297
Cys 1~50 Y=1567.2507X+1341.4238 0.9934 0.121 0.404
Val 1~50 Y=85850.3196X+1140930.2698 0.9913 0.012 0.039
Met 1~50 Y=27602.1832X+265455.0692 0.9931 0.015 0.050
Ile 1~50 Y=81062.8312X+1170914.4118 0.9931 0.066 0.219
Leu 1~50 Y=101708.1443X+1931733.7864 0.9925 0.013 0.044
Tyr 1~50 Y=25222.1989X+188040.4639 0.9932 0.018 0.060
Phe 1~50 Y=100769.9935X+880221.1550 0.9915 0.017 0.055
Lys 1~50 Y=21305.4818X+205539.2838 0.9927 0.073 0.244
His 1~50 Y=18896.9002X+287194.4947 0.9905 0.016 0.052
Arg 1~50 Y=19753.8248X+378280.6618 0.9911 0.087 0.290
Pro 1~50 Y=45612.7899X+742202.9810 0.9929 0.012 0.038
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高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中氨基酸含量
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李艳明 1 , 王坤 2, * , 李敏 1 , 王小利 1 , 曹娟 3
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(9): 277-288
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(9): 277-288
高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中氨基酸含量
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李艳明1 , 王坤2, * , 李敏1, 王小利1, 曹娟3
作者信息
  • 1.滨州市检验检测中心, 滨州 256600
  • 2.滨州职业学院健康学院, 滨州 256603
  • 3.滨州中裕食品有限公司, 滨州 256600
  • 李艳明(1988—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与营养。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王坤(1985—), 男, 硕士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与营养。E-mail:
Determination of amino acids content in pork by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Yan-Ming LI1 , Kun WANG2, * , Min LI1, Xiao-Li WANG1, Juan CAO3
Affiliations
  • 1. Binzhou Inspection and Testing Center, Binzhou 256600, China
  • 2. School of Health, Binzhou Polytechnic, Binzhou 256603, China
  • 3. Binzhou Zhongyu Food Industry Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256600, China
出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240904004
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目的 建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)同时检测猪肉各部位中多种氨基酸的方法。方法 样品以酸化高温水解、酸化微波水解、碱化高温水解方式分别进行提取, 采用HPLC-MS/MS进行分析, 电喷雾离子源正离子模式, 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式采集, 以甲酸水溶液-甲酸的甲醇乙腈(1:4, V:V)溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。结果 以酸化微波水解方式提取, 时间短、效率高。该检测方法在线性范围内关系良好, 相关系数r2在0.9905~0.9956之间, 检出限为0.012~0.133 ng/mL, 定量限为0.038~0.444 ng/mL, 回收率为85.58%~98.84%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)在0.68%~6.71%之间。结论 该方法过程简单, 具有良好的重复性和稳定性, 不仅可用于猪肉各部位中多种氨基酸的同时检测, 达到高通量快速检测的目的, 而且还能够有效监测猪肉产品的掺假行为。

猪肉  /  氨基酸  /  高效液相色谱-串联质谱法

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous detection of multiple amino acids in each part of pork by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Methods The samples were extracted by acidizing high-temperature hydrolysis, acidizing microwave hydrolysis and alkalization high-temperature hydrolysis, determined by HPLC-MS/MS, electrospray ionization in positive ion mode, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), used formic acid solution-methanol acetonitrile (1:4, V:V) solution of formic acid as mobile phase with gradient elution. Results It was extracted by acidizing microwave hydrolysis with short time and high efficiency. The detection method had a good relationship in the linear range, r2 was between 0.9905 and 0.9956, the limits of detection were 0.012-0.133 ng/mL, the limits of quantitation were 0.038-0.444 ng/mL, the average recoveries were in the range 85.58% and 98.84%, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 0.68%-6.71%. Conclusion The method has simple process, good repeatability and stability, and can not only be used for simultaneous detection of multiple amino acids in each part of pork to achieve the purpose of high-throughput and rapid detection, but also can effectively monitor the adulteration behavior of pork products.

pork  /  amino acid  /  high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
李艳明, 王坤, 李敏, 王小利, 曹娟. 高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中氨基酸含量. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (9) : 277 -288 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240904004
Yan-Ming LI, Kun WANG, Min LI, Xiao-Li WANG, Juan CAO. Determination of amino acids content in pork by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (9) : 277 -288 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240904004
猪是人类最早驯化的家畜之一, 猪肉可为人类提供高蛋白质而广受欢迎, 我国猪肉年消费量占全球前列[1]。随着居民消费水平的不断提高, 人们对猪肉品质也有更高要求, 滨州当地中裕猪肉因其独特的饲养方式和场所, 在风味层面重现了30年前猪肉的香味特征。[2]。猪肉中的香味来自于多种化学成分, 其中氨基酸的种类和含量是影响猪肉风味和品质的重要因素之一[3]
氨基酸作为构成蛋白质的基本单位[4], 目前其检测方法多种多样, 主要有毛细管电泳法[5]、氨基酸分析仪法[6-8]、气相色谱法[9-10]、气相色谱-串联质谱法[11]、离子交换色谱法[12]、高效液相色谱法[13-15]、液相色谱-串联质谱法[16-18]、超临界流体色谱法[19]、近红外光谱法[20]。其中, 最常用的方法有氨基酸分析仪法、高效液相色谱法和液相色谱-串联质谱法。氨基酸具有难挥发、无紫外吸收等自身性质[21-22], 使得在采用液相色谱仪对氨基酸进行检测时, 往往需要衍生处理, 常用的衍生试剂包括异硫氰酸苯酯[23]、6-氨基喹啉基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚氨基氨基甲酸酯(6-aminoquinolyl-N- hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, AQC)[24-25]、邻苯二甲醛[26-28]等。而氨基酸分析仪法作为国标方法, 采用的是茚三酮柱后衍生。柱前或柱后衍生, 均存在衍生过程复杂, 衍生试剂消耗量大, 重现性差等缺点, 这些不足以使得检验周期拉长, 实验效率大大降低。相比于柱前或柱后衍生, 高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)具有显著优势, 它能够直接对样品提取液直接分析检测, 无需复杂烦琐的衍生步骤, 极大地提高了检测效率, 同时也减少了试剂的消耗, 为氨基酸的准确快速检测提供了一种新的可靠途径[29-30]。另外, 与GB 5009.124—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》相比, 前处理方法创新采用酸化微波水解的方式, 时间由原来的22 h缩短至3 h, 为实际样品检测节省了宝贵的时间成本。因此, 本研究在系统优化色谱条件、质谱条件和前处理方法的基础上, 测定猪肉各个部位的氨基酸含量, 以达到建立一种快速高通量的HPLC-MS/MS检测方法。该方法不仅可用于猪肉中氨基酸的质量控制, 确保猪肉的品质符合相关标准, 还能够有效监测猪肉产品的掺假行为, 为保护当地产品品牌提供坚实的技术保障, 维护市场秩序和消费者权益。
Agilent1290-6460QQQ高效液相色谱串联质谱仪[配有电喷雾模式(electro spray ionization, ESI)离子源并装有MassHunter B.08.00数据处理软件]、ZORBAX Extend-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm× 150 mm, 5.0 μm)(美国Agilent公司); ME204T电子天平(精度0.0001 g, 上海梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司); MILLI-Q ADWANTAGE A10超纯水机(美国密理博公司); 14165全自动氮吹仪(美国Organomation公司); Mars6微波消解仪[培安CEM微波化学(中国)技术中心]; 水相针式滤器(0.22 μm, 上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司); 800A多功能粉碎机(东莞市房太电器有限公司)。
猪肉, 中裕食品有限公司样品。
乙腈、甲醇、盐酸(优级纯, 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司); 氨基酸标准品: 天冬氨酸(aspartic acid, Asp, CAS号6899-03-2)、苏氨酸(threonine, Thr, CAS号72-19-5)、丝氨酸(serine, Ser, CAS号56-45-1)、谷氨酸(glutamic acid, Glu, CAS号56-86-0)、脯氨酸(proline, Pro, CAS号147-85-3)、甘氨酸(glycine, Gly, CAS号56-40-6)、丙氨酸(alanine, Ala, CAS号56-41-7)、半胱氨酸(cysteine, Cys, CAS号56-89-3)、缬氨酸(valine, Val, CAS号72-18-4)、甲硫氨酸(methionine, Met, CAS号63-68-3)、异亮氨酸(isoleucine, Ile, CAS号73-32-5)、亮氨酸(leucine, Leu, CAS号3303-31-9)、酪氨酸(tyrosine, Tyr, CAS号60-18-4)、苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine, Phe, CAS号63-91-2)、赖氨酸(lysine, Lys, CAS号56-87-1)、组氨酸(histidine, His, CAS号71-00-1)、精氨酸(arginine, Arg, CAS号74-79-3)(浓度均为1 mmol/L, 坛墨质检科技股份有限公司)。
猪肉不同部位(里脊肉、梅花肉、前腿肉、后腿肉、五花肉)分别取2 kg瘦肉部分, 用粉碎机充分粉碎混匀, 准确称取0.5000 g样品于50 mL消解管中, 加入6 mol/L盐酸溶液15 mL, 抽真空下充入氮气5 min, 130 ℃、1000 W微波水解3 h, 冷却, 转移定容至50 mL离心管中, 涡旋振荡5 min, 3000 r/min离心10 min, 吸取上清液1 mL氮吹至干, 流动相复溶并转移定容至20 mL容量瓶中, 0.22 μm水相针式滤膜过滤, HPLC-MS/MS检测。
准确量取标准品各1 mL于20 mL容量瓶当中, 用0.02 mol/L盐酸定容后, 配制成浓度为0.05 μmol/mL的标准储备液, 使用前, 用流动相稀释标准储备液, 配制成浓度为1~50 nmol/mL的标准系列工作溶液。
色谱柱: ZORBAX Extend-C18 (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5.0 μm); 流速: 0.4 mL/min; 柱温: 35 ℃; 进样量: 10 μL; 流动相: A: 0.1%甲酸水溶液, B: 0.1%甲酸的甲醇乙腈(1:4, V:V)溶液, 梯度洗脱程序见表1
电离模式: ESI+; 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式; 毛细管电压3500 V; 喷嘴电压500 V; 干燥气温度300 ℃; 干燥气流量5 L/min; 雾化气压力45 psi; 鞘气温度250 ℃; 鞘气流量11 L/min; 17种氨基酸的色谱-质谱参数见表2
定性方法: 在HPLC-MS/MS检测时, 定性方式有两种, 一个是保留时间, 另一个是离子丰度比, 标准物质与样品中的各个氨基酸, 保留时间需一致, 之后再考虑离子丰度比, 并且与标准品进行比较时, 选择与样品中氨基酸浓度相近的标准品进行丰度比比较, 需满足GB/T 27404—2008《实验室质量控制规范 食品理化检测》中所规定的偏差范围, 保留时间与离子丰度比均一一对应, 方可判定样品中含有该物质。
定量方法: 各个氨基酸的浓度点与其响应值作回归方程, 回归方程的形式通常为Y=mX+b, 其中Y代表测得的面积, X代表浓度, mb分别是回归方程的斜率和截距, ‌样品中的氨基酸对应的响应值, 根据回归方程即可得出其摩尔浓度, 进而得出百分含量。
实验重复测定3次, HPLC-MS/MS配有MassHunter B.08.00数据处理软件, 应用Origin 61软件绘制谱图。
每个氨基酸的响应值各不相同, 为了使其较好的分离, 选择合适的色谱柱、流动相以及洗脱程序对色谱参数进行了优化。C18柱是常用的HPLC色谱柱, 能够有效分离氨基酸, 并且分离效果稳定, 重现性好。考察了不同流动相对氨基酸保留时间、峰面积及分离效果的影响。配制20 nmol/L的混合标准溶液, 流动相条件分别为(1) A: 0.1%甲酸水, B: 乙腈; (2) A: 0.1%甲酸水溶液, B: 0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液; (3) A: 0.1%甲酸水溶液, B: 0.1%甲酸甲醇乙腈(1:4, V:V)溶液; (4) A: 0.1%甲酸20 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液, B: 0.1%甲酸甲醇乙腈(1:4, V:V)溶液。酸化后的水和乙腈比单独水相中加甲酸响应值高; 乙腈中加入甲醇后可以明显提高分离度, 这是因为加入甲醇后改变了溶剂的极性和洗脱能力, 从而影响分离效果; 水相中加入乙酸铵大大降低了氨基酸的峰面积, 因此选择(3) A: 0.1%甲酸水溶液, B: 0.1%甲酸的甲醇乙腈(1:4, V:V)溶液作为流动相最佳。不同梯度模式对色谱峰分离效果也同样有影响, 流动相B的起始浓度为5%时峰面积最高, 并且B达到95%的时间为6 min时分离效果最佳。梯度洗脱程序见表1
配制20 nmol/mL的各种氨基酸标准品, 选择ESI+模式, 对17种物质进行参数优化。采用标准样品直接连接质谱的方式, MRM采集模式, 优化Precursor Ion、Product Ion、Fragmentor、Collision Energy等参数, 优化结果见表2。17种物质标准溶液的总离子流图(total ion chromatography, TIC)和提取离子流图MRM见图12
样品提取方式, 采用酸化高温水解、酸化微波水解、碱化高温水解方式分别对里脊肉、梅花肉、前腿肉、后腿肉、五花肉进行水解, 酸化高温水解方式是GB 5009.124—2016里的试样水解方法, 其水解时间需要22 h; 酸化微波水解方式提取猪肉中氨基酸, 是利用微波辐射对物质进行加热的方法, 它能够显著加速酸水解过程, 水解时间控制在3 h以内; 碱化高温水解方式是样品用6 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液提取, 110 ℃恒温干燥箱水解20 h, 具体结果见图3图3显示, 酸化高温水解和酸化微波水解的氨基酸含量相当, 而酸化高温水解时间较长; 碱化高温水解中, Lys、Cys、Ser、Thr含量很低, 说明碱法高温水解会破坏部分氨基酸, 因此本研究采用酸化微波水解方式进行提取。
水解用到的酸包括盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、甲基磺酸等, 其中盐酸在水解过程中不引起氨基酸的消旋作用, 对氨基酸的影响较小, 并且盐酸水解方法在后续质谱分析中具有很好的兼容性, 因此选择盐酸作为提取溶剂。固定提取时间3 h、提取温度130 ℃, 样品分别用4 mol/L盐酸溶液15 mL, 6 mol/L盐酸溶液15 mL, 8 mol/L盐酸溶液15 mL进行提取, 见表3。对比5个部位的氨基酸含量, 6 mol/L盐酸溶液15 mL即90 mmol的提取浓度时, 含量较高的Lys、Asp、Leu均比60 mmol和120 mmol时含量高, 而Met、Tyr则基本相同, 原因是60 mmol的提取溶剂, 浓度较低, 并没有完全提取出氨基酸, 120 mmol的浓度又会破坏掉部分已生成的氨基酸。选择90 mmol的盐酸作为提取溶剂对17种化合物的提取效果最佳。
同时又对微波水解的温度和时间进行了相关实验, 固定提取时间3 h, 分别选择110、130、150 ℃作为水解温度。130 ℃时的含量整体上明显优于其他两个温度点, 因此选择130 ℃作为提取温度。固定水解温度130 ℃, 对提取时间进行进一步考察, 分别设置1、3和5 h作为提取时间。3 h与5 h含量相当, 均大于1 h时的含量, 从实验角度考虑, 选择3 h更节省时间。具体结果见表4表5
运用质谱检测时, 基质效应是仪器不可避免的一个问题, 基质效应的存在会影响目标物的检出, 另一方面则是溶剂效应的影响, 溶剂效应的存在会导致峰型不规范, 影响目标物的定量检测。
猪肉中的空白氨基酸基质很难获取, 因此用基质配制标准曲线的方式来减弱基质的影响在本研究中做不到。基质效应的消除方法包括内标法、净化柱法、稀释法, 内标法因其内标物价格昂贵不能广泛应用; 水解液通过净化柱后, 不仅去除基质, 也会吸附氨基酸, 导致氨基酸检测结果不准确; 样品稀释法是目前解决氨基酸基质效应的一个简单快速的方法, 本研究将提取液稀释20倍, 即样品稀释1000倍后上机, 减弱了基质效应的影响, Cys是猪肉中含量较少的物质, 如稀释过多, 则会影响Cys的检出。
溶剂效应的产生是因为定容液与初始流动相有差异, 为了减弱溶剂效应的影响, 本研究在提取液氮吹之后, 用初始流动相定容, 即可解决溶剂效应带来的影响。
标准工作溶液浓度范围为1~50 nmol/mL, 以浓度(X, nmol/mL)为横坐标, 各氨基酸响应值(Y)为纵坐标, 进行线性拟合, 绘制标准溶液曲线, 在此范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数(r2)为0.9905~0.9956。通过系列低浓度的氨基酸标准样品的检测结果, 按信噪比S/N=3计算各氨基酸的检出限(limit of detection, LOD), 以信噪比S/N=10计算各氨基酸的定量限(limit of quantification, LOQ), 检出限为0.012~0.133 ng/mL, 定量限为0.039~0.444 ng/mL。17种氨基酸的线性范围、回归方程、相关系数(r2)、LODs和LOQs见表6。结果表明, 17种氨基酸在1~50 nmol/mL范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数均大于0.99。
以猪肉5个部位样品为基质, 按照1.3.1进行样品处理并用HPLC-MS/MS检测, 所得结果即为本底值含量。再称取样品, 分别精密加入低(50%)、中(100%)、高(150%) 3个水平的标准品, 再按照1.3.1进行后续样品处理, 进行3水平6平行的加标回收实验, 所得结果的平均回收率在85.58%~98.84%之间, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)在0.68%~6.71%之间, 具体数值见表7。结果表明, 该方法具有较高的准确性、稳定性和重现性, 适用于猪肉中氨基酸高通量快速的检测。
为了验证HPLC-MS/MS测定猪肉各个部位的氨基酸含量是否可行, 与国家标准方法中氨基酸分析仪进行检测含量的比较, 结果见图4。结果显示, 采用HPLC-MS/MS与氨基酸分析仪对猪肉各个部位进行检测, 结果无明显差异, 因此可以说明HPLC-MS/MS法可以用于猪肉各部位氨基酸的高通量快速测定。
猪肉不同部位(里脊肉、梅花肉、前腿肉、后腿肉、五花肉)样品猪绞肉, 按照1:1的比例, 人为掺入当地其他猪肉或者价格较低的鸡肉样品, 按照本研究进行样品前处理并上机检验, 具体结果见表8。结果显示, 掺入当地其他猪肉或者价格较低的鸡肉样品后, 氨基酸总量均低于猪肉本身含量。
本研究采用酸化微波水解方式提取猪肉各部位的氨基酸, 电喷雾离子源正离子模式, MRM模式采集, 以甲酸水溶液-甲酸的甲醇乙腈(1:4, V:V)溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱, HPLC-MS/MS检测, 建立了猪肉各部位多种氨基酸同时测定的方法。结合样品稀释及流动相定容的方式, 消除基质效应与溶剂效应, LODs与LOQs符合方法要求, 回收率与精密度满足实验要求。该方法大大缩短了检验时间, 并具有良好的重复性和稳定性, 可应用于实际猪肉样品中氨基酸的质量控制, 确保其品质符合标准要求。中裕猪肉中如果加入其他肉充当猪肉销售, 利用该方法可以迅速排查, 监测猪肉产品的掺假行为, 保护当地农产品品牌, 维护市场秩序和消费者权益。
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2025年第16卷第9期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240904004
  • 接收时间:2024-09-04
  • 首发时间:2025-07-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-04
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    1.滨州市检验检测中心, 滨州 256600
    2.滨州职业学院健康学院, 滨州 256603
    3.滨州中裕食品有限公司, 滨州 256600

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* 王坤(1985—), 男, 硕士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与营养。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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