Article(id=1151881503358202515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250115004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736870400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752559551323, onlineDateStr=2025-07-15, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752559551323, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752559551323, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752559551323, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151881493552394994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752559548986, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756202008453, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167159075906265916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167159075906265917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=292, endPage=301, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151923899387228973, articleId=1151881503358202515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication extraction of Mori fructus polysaccharide and study on its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, columnId=1151923894560060071, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Nutrition and Functional Foods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication extraction conditions on the yield, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of Mori fructus polysaccharides. Methods Using Mori fructus pomace as the raw material and the yield of Mori fructus polysaccharide as the index, the extraction conditions was optimized through single-factor experiments. Then the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) radical scavenging capacity, and the inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity of hot water extracting polysaccharide (HWP), enzyme-assisted extracting polysaccharide (EWP), ultrasound-assisted extracting polysaccharide (UWP), enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication extracting polysaccharide (EUP) were investigated. Results The optimal conditions for polysaccharide extraction by enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication was obtained. Mori fructus pomace powder was mixed with water at ratio of 1:80 (g:mL), and 2.0% composite enzyme (cellulase and pectinase at a ratio of 1:1, V:V) was added in the mixture which was maintained at 50 ℃ for 2 h with stirring. Then the mixture was treated by ultrasonication at 400 W and 60 ℃ for 50 min, and the final yield of EUP was 4.81%, increased by 7.6%, 17.5% and 21.6% compared with HWP, EWP and UWP. EUP also exhibited an improvement in the scavenging activity of both ABTS+ radical and DPPH radical. Compared with HWP, EWP and UWP, the semi-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of α-amylase activity of EUP was 1.18 mg/mL, reduced by 40.1%, 18.6% and 30.6%, respectively, and the IC50 of α-glucosidase activity of EUP was 0.31 mg/mL, reduced by 16.8%, 8.0% and 39.4%, respectively. Conclusion The enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication extraction can not only improve the Mori fructus polysaccharide yield, but also enhance the antioxidant power and hypoglycemic activity of Mori fructus polysaccharide, which has a potential application prospect in the industry.

, correspAuthors=Yan CAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xin-Lei ZHAO, Ning LIU, Qi-Le XIA, Chen-Xing LIU, Yan CAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151923918316122658, articleId=1151881503358202515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=酶解超声波联合提取桑椹多糖及其抗氧化能力和降血糖活性研究, columnId=1151923894698472105, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品营养及功能性食品, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究酶解超声联合提取条件对桑椹多糖得率及其抗氧化能力和降血糖活性的影响。方法 以桑椹果渣为原料, 以桑椹多糖得率为指标, 通过单因素实验优化提取工艺, 并对热水浸提所得多糖(hot water extracting polysaccharide, HWP)、酶解辅助提取所得多糖(enzyme-assisted extracting polysaccharide, EWP)、超声辅助提取所得多糖(ultrasound-assisted extracting polysaccharide, UWP)、酶解超声联合提取所得多糖(enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication extracting polysaccharide, EUP)的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine, DPPH)自由基清除率、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, ABTS+]自由基清除率、α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制率进行研究。结果 酶解超声联合提取桑椹多糖的最佳条件为料液比1:80 (g:mL)、添加2.0%复合酶(纤维素酶和果胶酶体积比为1:1)、50 ℃酶解2 h后, 于400 W、60 ℃超声提取50 min, 该条件下EUP得率为4.81%, 分别比HWP、EWP、UWP提高了7.6%、17.5%、21.6%。EUP对ABTS+自由基清除率和DPPH自由基清除率也有所提高。EUP对α-淀粉酶活性的半抑制浓度(semi-inhibitory concentration, IC50)为1.18 mg/mL, 比HWP、EWP和UWP分别降低了40.1%、18.6%、30.6%; EUP对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的IC50为0.31 mg/mL, 比HWP、EWP和UWP分别降低了16.8%、8.0%、39.4%。结论 采用酶解超声联合提取法既能提高桑椹多糖得率, 还可提高其抗氧化能力和降血糖活性, 具有较好的应用前景。

, correspAuthors=曹艳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 曹艳(1985—), 女, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品精深加工。E-mail:
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赵欣蕾(2000—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为农产品精深加工。E-mail:

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赵欣蕾(2000—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为农产品精深加工。E-mail:

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Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Logistics and Processing of Fresh Food, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167158704433537837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, companyId=1167158704345457451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所, 农业农村部果品产后处理重点实验室, 农业农村部蔬菜采后保鲜与加工重点实验室(部省共建), 全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室, 杭州 310021)])]), Author(id=1167158705716994893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=caoyan_115@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1167158705788298064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, authorId=1167158705716994893, language=EN, stringName=Yan CAO, firstName=Yan, middleName=null, lastName=CAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2. 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Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Logistics and Processing of Fresh Food, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167158704433537837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, companyId=1167158704345457451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所, 农业农村部果品产后处理重点实验室, 农业农村部蔬菜采后保鲜与加工重点实验室(部省共建), 全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室, 杭州 310021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167158706773959528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of different enzymes on the yield of Mori fructus polysaccharide, figureFileSmall=5YrtgHYihojVeLR8qjkGpQ==, figureFileBig=GXD9ZAFkIlRUCFxh86FGAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158706832679785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同酶对桑椹多糖得率的影响

注: 图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05), 图236同。

, figureFileSmall=5YrtgHYihojVeLR8qjkGpQ==, figureFileBig=GXD9ZAFkIlRUCFxh86FGAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158706895594346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different extraction conditions on the yield of Mori fructus polysaccharide, figureFileSmall=nbvr42tbRQv0uLhArnrJsg==, figureFileBig=ZuMH/aXVBWcKzK6dsT38tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158707034006379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同提取条件对桑椹多糖得率的影响, figureFileSmall=nbvr42tbRQv0uLhArnrJsg==, figureFileBig=ZuMH/aXVBWcKzK6dsT38tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158707243721580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different extraction methods on the yield of Mori fructus polysaccharide, figureFileSmall=pdJFWTG7VO3hTbBNTB/8kQ==, figureFileBig=/nvdiN76UiRAye2RwucYLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158707361162093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同提取方法对桑椹多糖得率的影响, figureFileSmall=pdJFWTG7VO3hTbBNTB/8kQ==, figureFileBig=/nvdiN76UiRAye2RwucYLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158707411493742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of different extraction methods on the antioxidant power of Mori fructus polysaccharide, figureFileSmall=AEnjMdmEAXL11XPzFniGgA==, figureFileBig=2Gqd8L0iCaKuKoO6zGckYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158707474408303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同提取方法对桑椹多糖抗氧化能力的影响, figureFileSmall=AEnjMdmEAXL11XPzFniGgA==, figureFileBig=2Gqd8L0iCaKuKoO6zGckYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158707520545648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of different extraction methods on the hypoglycemic activity of Mori fructus polysaccharide, figureFileSmall=FqUrfqySXqOBh/t+yWppVw==, figureFileBig=scTmahmlUjIZAsEo5ETBRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158707575071601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同提取方法对桑椹多糖降血糖活性的影响, figureFileSmall=FqUrfqySXqOBh/t+yWppVw==, figureFileBig=scTmahmlUjIZAsEo5ETBRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158707629597554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of different enzymes on the yield, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic activity of Mori fructus polysaccharide extracted by enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication, figureFileSmall=f+FYXYTYPyL0VrZ1GMiKMA==, figureFileBig=FuxNus/iaq7LWxwtw4ABdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158707717677939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=CN, label=图6, caption=酶解超声联合提取时不同酶对多糖得率及其抗氧化能力、降血糖活性的影响, figureFileSmall=f+FYXYTYPyL0VrZ1GMiKMA==, figureFileBig=FuxNus/iaq7LWxwtw4ABdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158707776398196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

IC50 value of antioxidant power and enzyme inhibition activity of Mori fructus polysaccharide extracted by different methods (mg/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品不同处理方式 清除ABTS+自由基
IC50
清除DPPH自由基
IC50
抑制α-淀粉酶活性
IC50
抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性IC50
HWP 2.26±0.15b 2.60±0.22b 1.97±0.14a 0.37±0.03b
EWP 1.85±0.12c 2.26±0.20b 1.45±0.13b 0.34±0.03b
UWP 2.58±0.18a 3.78±0.24a 1.70±0.16b 0.51±0.04a
EUP 1.38±0.10d 1.39±0.18c 1.18±0.11c 0.31±0.03b
), ArticleFig(id=1167158707839312757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同提取方法所得多糖抗氧化能力和酶抑制活性的IC50值(mg/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品不同处理方式 清除ABTS+自由基
IC50
清除DPPH自由基
IC50
抑制α-淀粉酶活性
IC50
抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性IC50
HWP 2.26±0.15b 2.60±0.22b 1.97±0.14a 0.37±0.03b
EWP 1.85±0.12c 2.26±0.20b 1.45±0.13b 0.34±0.03b
UWP 2.58±0.18a 3.78±0.24a 1.70±0.16b 0.51±0.04a
EUP 1.38±0.10d 1.39±0.18c 1.18±0.11c 0.31±0.03b
), ArticleFig(id=1167158707902227318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

IC50 value of antioxidant power and enzyme inhibition activity of Mori fructus polysaccharide extracted by different enzymes during the combined extraction by enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasound (mg/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 清除ABTS+自由基
IC50
清除DPPH自由基
IC50
抑制α-淀粉酶活性
IC50
抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性IC50
复合酶 1.62±0.11d 1.39±0.10d 1.18±0.14d 0.31±0.05c
纤维素酶 3.06±0.12c 1.96±0.15c 3.75±0.13b 0.50±0.05b
果胶酶 4.04±0.15b 2.99±0.18b 3.22±0.16c 0.45±0.08b
木瓜蛋白酶 4.51±0.17a 4.34±0.19a 5.56±0.11a 1.80±0.12a
), ArticleFig(id=1167158707986113399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881503358202515, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

酶解超声联合提取时不同酶提取所得多糖抗氧化能力和酶抑制活性的IC50值(mg/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 清除ABTS+自由基
IC50
清除DPPH自由基
IC50
抑制α-淀粉酶活性
IC50
抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性IC50
复合酶 1.62±0.11d 1.39±0.10d 1.18±0.14d 0.31±0.05c
纤维素酶 3.06±0.12c 1.96±0.15c 3.75±0.13b 0.50±0.05b
果胶酶 4.04±0.15b 2.99±0.18b 3.22±0.16c 0.45±0.08b
木瓜蛋白酶 4.51±0.17a 4.34±0.19a 5.56±0.11a 1.80±0.12a
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酶解超声波联合提取桑椹多糖及其抗氧化能力和降血糖活性研究
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赵欣蕾 1, 2 , 刘宁 1 , 夏其乐 2 , 刘晨星 2 , 曹艳 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025,16(10): 292-301
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025, 16(10): 292-301
酶解超声波联合提取桑椹多糖及其抗氧化能力和降血糖活性研究
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赵欣蕾1, 2 , 刘宁1, 夏其乐2, 刘晨星2, 曹艳2, *
作者信息
  • 1.陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院, 西安 710021
  • 2.浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所, 农业农村部果品产后处理重点实验室, 农业农村部蔬菜采后保鲜与加工重点实验室(部省共建), 全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室, 杭州 310021
  • 赵欣蕾(2000—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为农产品精深加工。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 曹艳(1985—), 女, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品精深加工。E-mail:
Enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication extraction of Mori fructus polysaccharide and study on its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities
Xin-Lei ZHAO1, 2 , Ning LIU1, Qi-Le XIA2, Chen-Xing LIU2, Yan CAO2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Logistics and Processing of Fresh Food, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250115004
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目的 研究酶解超声联合提取条件对桑椹多糖得率及其抗氧化能力和降血糖活性的影响。方法 以桑椹果渣为原料, 以桑椹多糖得率为指标, 通过单因素实验优化提取工艺, 并对热水浸提所得多糖(hot water extracting polysaccharide, HWP)、酶解辅助提取所得多糖(enzyme-assisted extracting polysaccharide, EWP)、超声辅助提取所得多糖(ultrasound-assisted extracting polysaccharide, UWP)、酶解超声联合提取所得多糖(enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication extracting polysaccharide, EUP)的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine, DPPH)自由基清除率、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, ABTS+]自由基清除率、α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制率进行研究。结果 酶解超声联合提取桑椹多糖的最佳条件为料液比1:80 (g:mL)、添加2.0%复合酶(纤维素酶和果胶酶体积比为1:1)、50 ℃酶解2 h后, 于400 W、60 ℃超声提取50 min, 该条件下EUP得率为4.81%, 分别比HWP、EWP、UWP提高了7.6%、17.5%、21.6%。EUP对ABTS+自由基清除率和DPPH自由基清除率也有所提高。EUP对α-淀粉酶活性的半抑制浓度(semi-inhibitory concentration, IC50)为1.18 mg/mL, 比HWP、EWP和UWP分别降低了40.1%、18.6%、30.6%; EUP对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的IC50为0.31 mg/mL, 比HWP、EWP和UWP分别降低了16.8%、8.0%、39.4%。结论 采用酶解超声联合提取法既能提高桑椹多糖得率, 还可提高其抗氧化能力和降血糖活性, 具有较好的应用前景。

桑椹多糖  /  酶解超声联合提取法  /  抗氧化能力  /  α-淀粉酶活性  /  α-葡萄糖苷酶活性

Objective To investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication extraction conditions on the yield, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of Mori fructus polysaccharides. Methods Using Mori fructus pomace as the raw material and the yield of Mori fructus polysaccharide as the index, the extraction conditions was optimized through single-factor experiments. Then the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) radical scavenging capacity, and the inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity of hot water extracting polysaccharide (HWP), enzyme-assisted extracting polysaccharide (EWP), ultrasound-assisted extracting polysaccharide (UWP), enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication extracting polysaccharide (EUP) were investigated. Results The optimal conditions for polysaccharide extraction by enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication was obtained. Mori fructus pomace powder was mixed with water at ratio of 1:80 (g:mL), and 2.0% composite enzyme (cellulase and pectinase at a ratio of 1:1, V:V) was added in the mixture which was maintained at 50 ℃ for 2 h with stirring. Then the mixture was treated by ultrasonication at 400 W and 60 ℃ for 50 min, and the final yield of EUP was 4.81%, increased by 7.6%, 17.5% and 21.6% compared with HWP, EWP and UWP. EUP also exhibited an improvement in the scavenging activity of both ABTS+ radical and DPPH radical. Compared with HWP, EWP and UWP, the semi-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of α-amylase activity of EUP was 1.18 mg/mL, reduced by 40.1%, 18.6% and 30.6%, respectively, and the IC50 of α-glucosidase activity of EUP was 0.31 mg/mL, reduced by 16.8%, 8.0% and 39.4%, respectively. Conclusion The enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication extraction can not only improve the Mori fructus polysaccharide yield, but also enhance the antioxidant power and hypoglycemic activity of Mori fructus polysaccharide, which has a potential application prospect in the industry.

Mori fructus polysaccharides  /  enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasound extraction method  /  antioxidant power  /  α-amylase activity  /  α-glucosidase activity
赵欣蕾, 刘宁, 夏其乐, 刘晨星, 曹艳. 酶解超声波联合提取桑椹多糖及其抗氧化能力和降血糖活性研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (10) : 292 -301 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250115004
Xin-Lei ZHAO, Ning LIU, Qi-Le XIA, Chen-Xing LIU, Yan CAO. Enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication extraction of Mori fructus polysaccharide and study on its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (10) : 292 -301 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250115004
桑椹(Mori fructus), 又名桑椹子、乌椹、桑果等, 隶属于桑科(Moraceae)桑属(Morus), 是一种广泛分布于亚洲、欧洲、南美和北美的植物[1]。在我国, 桑椹不仅是特色“食药同源”果品之一[2], 而且在传统医学中被认为具有多种健康益处。然而, 除鲜食外, 大部分桑椹被榨汁制成饮料, 而榨汁后的果渣约占鲜果重的30%, 这些果渣由于蛋白含量低, 目前仅有少量用于动物饲料, 大部分作为垃圾处理, 未能得到充分开发利用[3]。桑椹果渣中多糖含量丰富, 并具有抗氧化、降血糖、增强免疫和保护肝脏的特性[4]。近年来, 多糖成为继蛋白质与核酸之后的又一大功能性食品及科研焦点[5]
提取多糖的常见方法有热水浸提法、酸提取法、酶辅助提取法和超声辅助提取法等[6]。传统的热水浸提法得率不高, 而酸提取法则可能使多糖结构遭到破坏[7]; 相比之下, 酶辅助提取法不仅效率更高, 还能更好地保留多糖的生理活性[8]; 超声辅助提取法是提取多糖的高效方式, 其原理是利用超声波产生的机械效应和空化作用破坏植物细胞壁、细胞膜等组织, 促进植物细胞内多糖的释放, 提高提取效率[9]。此外, 多种技术联合使用提取多糖, 例如超声辅助酶解法、微波辅助酶解法以及微波辅助酸解法等, 能够克服单一技术的局限性, 从而显著提升多糖提取的效率及其生理活性[10]。ZHANG等[11]研究了热水提取、微波、超声和超声微波联合辅助提取对工业双胞菌多糖得率和抗氧化能力的影响, 结果表明, 超声微波联合辅助处理对细胞壁损伤程度更大, 多糖得率提高, 多糖抗氧化能力更强。YAO等[12]发现超声处理可以减小皂荚种子多糖的分子量和黏度并提高其抗氧化能力。张涵等[13]研究发现使用复合酶提取可以提高昆布多糖抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的能力, 多糖得率是传统水提多糖得率的3.44倍。
不同的提取方法会导致得到的多糖含量有所差异, 这种差异进而会影响其生物活性。LI等[14]研究结果表明, 超声辅助酶提法对桃金娘多糖分子结构的破坏更小, 官能团的保留更好, 得到的桃金娘多糖得率和清除2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, ABTS+]自由基的活性均优于微波辅助酶提法。TANG等[15]研究热水法、酸提取法、碱提取法、酶提取法、超声提取法和热水-碱提取法提取香蕉花多糖, 结果表明6种方法不会改变多糖的主要结构, 其中热水-碱法提取的多糖中糖醛酸含量最高, 体外抗氧化能力最强; 热水法提取的多糖中阿拉伯糖和古罗糖醛酸的摩尔比最高, α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性最好。HUI等[16]的研究结果表明, 与热水提取法相比, 酶辅助提取法提高了茯苓多糖的分子量及还原糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖的含量, 超声辅助提取所得多糖中甘露糖和葡萄糖降低, 但还原糖含量增加; 超声波辅助纤维素酶提取的多糖中还原糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖含量较高, 具有更强的抗氧化能力和降血糖活性。
本研究采用酶解超声联合提取技术, 从桑椹果渣中提取桑椹多糖, 通过单因素实验探讨了酶添加量、提取料液比、超声温度、超声功率及超声时间对桑椹多糖得率的影响。此外, 还比较了热水浸提法、酶解提取法、超声提取法和酶解超声联合提取法所得桑椹多糖的抗氧化能力及其对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制作用, 以明确酶解超声联合提取法在提高桑椹多糖得率和增强桑椹多糖生理功能方面的优势, 为桑椹多糖的有效提取及其生物活性研究提供理论依据, 同时为桑椹果渣资源化利用、减少废弃物排放及环境保护贡献新思路。
桑椹: 采自浙江省湖州市安吉县。新鲜的桑椹采摘后, 挑除霉变及坏果, 榨汁处理, 果渣冷冻干燥后打粉, 冷冻干燥条件为-80 ℃抽真空干燥72 h, 过40目筛后置于-80 ℃冰箱储存。
对硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside, PNPG)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine, DPPH)、阿卡波糖、ABTS(分析纯)、α-淀粉酶(10 U/mg)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(50 U/mg)、纤维素酶(400 U/mg)、α-淀粉酶(50 U/mg)、果胶酶(50 U/mg)、木瓜蛋白酶(800 U/mg)(上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 磷酸二氢钠、正丁醇、无水乙醇、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸三钠、磷酸氢二钠(分析纯, 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司); 三氯甲烷、可溶性淀粉(分析纯, 上海凌峰化学试剂有限公司); 过硫酸钾、氢氧化钠(分析纯, 上海国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 3,5-二硝基水杨酸(dinitrosalicylic acid, DNS)显色液(生物试剂, 福州飞净生物科技有限公司)。
BSA124S电子天平[精度为0.0001 g, 赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司]; TDL-5-A低速离心机(上海安亭科学仪器厂); SCIENTZ-18N/A冷冻干燥机(宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司); FE28pH计[梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司]; FORMA 900 SERIES超低温冰箱(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); HH-600数显恒温水浴锅(上海力辰邦西仪器科技有限公司); DE-2000A旋转蒸发仪(上海亚荣生化仪器厂); HJ-4A多头磁力搅拌器(常州金坛区西城新瑞仪器厂); DHG-9140A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(上海精宏实验设备有限公司); UV-6100A紫外可见风光光度计(上海元析仪器有限公司)。
称取一定质量冻干粉, 按1:40 (g:mL)比例加入乙醇, 室温磁力搅拌12.0 h, 过滤去除乙醇后得脱脂桑椹粉末。
纤维素酶溶液的配制: 称取100.0 mg纤维素酶溶于10.0 mL柠檬酸缓冲液(pH=4.8)。果胶酶溶液的配制: 称取100.0 mg果胶酶溶于10.0 mL柠檬酸缓冲液(pH=3.5)。木瓜蛋白酶溶液的配制: 称取100.0 mg木瓜蛋白酶溶于10.0 mL磷酸缓冲液(pH=7.0)。
料液比1:80 (g:mL), 分别加入复合酶(纤维素酶和果胶酶体积比为1:1[8]) 2.0%、纤维素酶2.0%、果胶酶2.0%、木瓜蛋白酶2.0%, 50 ℃水浴2.0 h, 100.0 ℃加热5.0 min使酶失活, 离心取上清液, 脱蛋白后冷冻干燥(-80 ℃抽真空干燥48 h), 比较不同酶酶解的桑椹多糖得率。
(1)酶添加量
固定料液比1:80 (g:mL), 超声温度60 ℃, 超声功率300 W, 超声时间50 min, 考察复合酶添加量(0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、3.0%、4.0%)对桑椹多糖得率的影响。
(2)料液比
固定复合酶添加量2.0%, 超声温度60 ℃, 超声功率300 W, 超声时间50 min, 考察料液比1:20、1:40、1:60、1:80、1:100 (g:mL)对桑椹多糖得率的影响。
(3)超声温度
固定复合酶添加量2.0%, 料液比1:80 (g:mL), 超声功率300 W, 超声时间50 min, 考察超声温度(30、40、50、60、70 ℃)对桑椹多糖得率的影响。
(4)超声功率
固定复合酶添加量2.0%, 料液比1:80 (g:mL), 超声温度60 ℃, 超声时间50 min, 考察超声功率(100、200、300、400、500 W)对桑椹多糖得率的影响。
(5)超声时间
固定复合酶添加量2.0%, 料液比1:80 (g:mL), 超声温度60 ℃, 超声功率400 W, 考察超声时间(30、40、50、60、70 min)对桑椹多糖得率的影响。
(1)热水浸提法
称取10.0 g脱脂桑椹粉按照1:80 (g:mL)加入蒸馏水, 在60 ℃水浴磁力搅拌2 h, 3000 r/min离心10 min获取上清液, 50 ℃浓缩提取液至20 mL。所得多糖记为热水浸提所得多糖(hot water extracting polysaccharide, HWP)。
(2)酶解提取法
称取10.0 g脱脂桑椹粉按照1:80 (g:mL)加入蒸馏水, 加入2.0%复合酶, 置于50 ℃恒温水浴锅中磁力搅拌2 h, 100 ℃加热5 min使酶失活。3000 r/min离心10 min获取上清液, 50 ℃浓缩提取液至20 mL。所得多糖记为酶解辅助提取所得多糖(enzyme-assisted extracting polysaccharide, EWP)。
(3)超声提取法
称取10.0 g脱脂桑椹粉按照1:80 (g:mL)加入蒸馏水, 400 W超声功率、60 ℃条件下提取50 min, 3000 r/min离心10 min获取上清液, 50 ℃浓缩提取液至20 mL。所得多糖记为超声辅助提取所得多糖(ultrasound-assisted extracting polysaccharide, UWP)。
(4)酶解超声联合提取法
称取脱脂桑椹粉10.0 g, 按料液比1:80 (g:mL)加入蒸馏水, 加入2%复合酶溶液, 置于50 ℃恒温水浴锅中磁力搅拌2 h, 100 ℃加热5 min使酶失活。酶解后于400 W超声功率、60 ℃条件下提取50 min, 3000 r/min离心10 min获取上清液, 50 ℃浓缩提取液至20 mL。所得多糖记为酶解超声联合提取所得多糖(enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonication extracting polysaccharide, EUP)。
向上述所得4种浓缩液按体积比1:5加入Sevage试剂(V三氯甲烷:V正丁醇=4:1), 室温磁力搅拌30.0 min后置于分液漏斗中静置, 去除中间的蛋白和下层的有机试剂, 取上层的多糖溶液重复前面的脱蛋白操作3次。脱蛋白后的多糖溶液加入4倍体积乙醇, 混匀室温静置8.0 h后3000 r/min离心15.0 min取沉淀, 将沉淀用蒸馏水复溶后置于-80.0 ℃冰箱, 冻干后得4种桑椹多糖, 称重计算后比较桑椹多糖得率。将4种桑椹多糖配制成相同的浓度梯度溶液, 比较抗氧化能力和降血糖活性。
按照1.3.5中酶解超声联合提取法的步骤, 考察添加3种单酶和复合酶对桑椹多糖得率、抗氧化能力、降血糖活性的影响。
根据公式(1)计算桑椹多糖得率:
$Y /\%=\frac{m}{M} \times 100 \%$
式中: m为桑椹多糖质量, g; M为脱脂桑椹粉质量, g; Y为桑椹多糖得率, %。
参考TANG等[17]的方法测定桑椹多糖清除DPPH自由基能力。将1.0 mL不同质量浓度(1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0 mg/mL)的多糖溶液与1.0 mL DPPH自由基溶液(0.2 mmol/L, 溶解于无水乙醇中)混匀后室温下避光30.0 min, 并于517 nm处测定吸光度。以维生素C (vitamin C, VC)作为阳性对照。根据公式(2)计算DPPH自由基清除率:
$\mathrm{DPPH} \text { 自由基清除率/} \%=\left(1-\frac{A_{\mathrm{s}}-A_{\mathrm{c}}}{A_{\mathrm{b}}}\right) \times 100 \%$
式中, As为样品组吸光度, Ac为样品对照组吸光度, Ab为空白对照组吸光度。
根据文献报道的方法稍作修改测定ABTS+自由基清除率[18]。将等体积的ABTS溶液(7.0 mmol/L)与过硫酸钾溶液(K2S2O8, 2.5 mmol/L)混合, 室温下暗处反应12.0 h, 制备ABTS+自由基溶液。将0.4 mL不同质量浓度(1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0 mg/mL)的桑椹多糖溶液与3.0 mL ABTS+自由基溶液混匀后室温下避光30.0 min, 并于734 nm处测定吸光度。以VC作为阳性对照。根据公式(3)计算ABTS+自由基清除率:
$\mathrm{ABTS}^{+} \text {自由基清除率 } /\%=\left(1-\frac{A_{\mathrm{s} 1}-A_{\mathrm{c} 1}}{A_{\mathrm{b} 1}}\right) \times 100 \%$
式中, As1为样品组吸光度, Ac1为样品对照组吸光度, Ab1为空白对照组吸光度。
根据文献报道方法适当调整后测定α-淀粉酶活性抑制率[19]。用磷酸盐缓冲溶液(0.1 mol/L, pH=6.9)制备α-淀粉酶溶液(0.1 mg/mL)。将500.0 µL不同质量浓度(1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0 mg/mL)的桑椹多糖溶液与500.0 µL的α-淀粉酶溶液混匀后在室温下孵育10.0 min, 加入500.0 µL 1.0% (W:V)淀粉溶液, 继续在室温下孵育10.0 min。孵育结束后加入1.0 mL DNS试剂并煮沸5.0 min以终止反应。冷却后用超纯水定容至10.0 mL, 在520 nm处测定吸光度。以阿卡波糖为阳性对照。根据公式(4)计算α-淀粉酶活性抑制率:
$\alpha \text {-淀粉酶活性抑制率 } /\%=\left(1-\frac{A_{\mathrm{s} 2}-A_{\mathrm{c} 2}}{A_{\mathrm{b} 2}}\right) \times 100 \%$
式中, As2为样品组吸光度, Ac2为样品对照组吸光度, Ab2为空白对照组吸光度。
参照文献测定桑椹多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制率[20]。用磷酸缓冲液(pH=6.9)制备α-葡萄糖苷酶(0.03 mg/mL)和PNPG溶液(1.5 mmol/L)。取50.0 µL不同质量浓度(0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mg/mL)的桑椹多糖溶液与α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液100.0 µL混合, 37.0 ℃水浴20.0 min。加入100.0 µL PNPG溶液室温下孵育10.0 min。最后加入1.0 mL Na2CO3溶液(1.0 mol/L)终止反应, 在400 nm处测定吸光度。以阿卡波糖为阳性对照。根据公式(5)计算α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制率:
$\alpha \text {-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制率/} \%=\left(1-\frac{A_{\mathrm{s} 3}-A_{\mathrm{c} 3}}{A_{\mathrm{b} 3}}\right) \times 100 \%$
式中, As3为样品组吸光度, Ac3为样品对照组吸光度, Ab3为空白对照组吸光度。
实验数据以平均值±标准偏差表示, 每个实验组设置3个平行。使用Origin 2021软件绘图, 使用Graph Pad prism 9软件计算半抑制浓度(semi-inhibitory concentration, IC50)。使用IBM SPSS Statistics 23软件进行统计学分析, 当P<0.05时表示有显著差异。
在桑椹果渣中, 纤维素和果胶是主要的成分, 使用纤维素酶能够将植物细胞壁分解成葡萄糖, 同时保持内部的纤维素骨架不被破坏, 保留多糖的高级结构和生理活性; 利用果胶酶分解细胞壁中的果胶为半乳糖醛酸, 破坏细胞壁的结构, 可以促进多糖的溶出[21]。蛋白质是影响植物多糖提取和纯化难易程度的一个关键因素, 进而影响多糖最终的得率和纯度[22]。木瓜蛋白酶可以使蛋白质对植物多糖结合力降低, 水解糖蛋白和蛋白聚糖中游离的蛋白质, 有利于多糖的提取[23]图1为复合酶和3种单酶提取对桑椹多糖得率的影响, 由图1可知, 使用复合酶提取桑椹多糖的得率最高, 分别比纤维素酶、果胶酶、木瓜蛋白酶提高19.3%、34.3%、68.9%, 说明复合酶可以有效提高桑椹多糖得率, 因此后续实验选择复合酶提取桑椹多糖。
图2展示了酶添加量、料液比、超声温度、超声功率、超声时间对桑椹多糖得率的影响。酶的用量在多糖提取效率中起着关键作用。由图2A可知在复合酶添加量由0.5%增加到4.0%过程中, 桑椹多糖得率先升高后降低。这一现象可归因于: 随着复合酶添加量的增加, 细胞壁被破坏程度增大, 从而促进了多糖从细胞壁中的释放, 进而提高了多糖的得率[23]; 当添加量为2.0%时, 达到最高得率。然而, 当添加量继续增加时, 过强的酶促反应会导致杂质也被释放出来, 反而降低了桑椹多糖的纯度与得率[23]
料液比对料液的充分混合、提取液黏度以及溶质浓度梯度具有显著影响, 从而影响多糖得率[24]。由图2B所示, 随着料液比从1:20 (g:mL)变化至1:100 (g:mL), 桑椹多糖的得率先升高后降低。当料液比为1:80 (g:mL)时,
桑椹多糖的得率达到最高。增加溶剂体积能够提升多糖溶液的浓度差, 从而加速其溶解与扩散; 然而, 当多糖的扩散达到平衡后, 继续增加溶剂体积会导致杂质也溶出, 反而使多糖的得率下降[25]
温度是影响多糖溶解度和溶液黏度的关键因素, 随着温度的升高, 分子间的热力学运动加速, 促进多糖的溶出[26]。由图2C可知, 当超声温度在30 ℃至60 ℃范围内时, 桑椹多糖得率逐渐增加, 当超声温度超过60 ℃后, 过高的温度导致了多糖的降解[27], 多糖得率降低。
增强超声功率能够显著提升超声波的热效应、空化作用和机械搅动效果, 有助于破坏细胞壁并加速多糖的释放[28]。如图2D所示, 随着超声功率从100 W增加至500 W, 得率呈先上升后下降的趋势。当超声功率达到400 W时, 桑椹多糖的得率达到最高。虽然超声功率的提升增加了细胞壁的破坏程度, 使多糖更容易扩散到溶剂中, 提高了多糖的得率, 然而, 当空化效应过强时, 也会破坏多糖的结构, 导致多糖得率下降[29]
图2E可知, 桑椹多糖的得率随超声时间(30~70 min)的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势。这是因为提取时间过短时, 超声波对细胞壁的破坏效果不佳, 细胞壁未完全破裂, 导致多糖未能充分释放, 多糖未完全进入提取溶剂中, 随着提取时间的延长, 多糖扩散逐渐达到平衡状态, 得率在50 min时达到最高值; 提取时间超过50 min 后, 更多的色素等杂质溶解在提取溶剂中, 导致多糖得率下降[30]。综上所述, 酶解超声联合提取桑椹多糖的最佳条件参数为复合酶添加2.0%、料液比1:80 (g:mL)、超声温度60 ℃, 超声功率400 W, 超声时间50 min。
根据单因素实验结果选取各条件的最优参数, 比较热水浸提法、超声提取法、酶解提取法和酶解超声联合提取法的桑椹多糖得率, 结果如图3所示。EUP得率最高(4.81%), 分别比HWP、EWP和UWP提高7.6%、17.5%、21.6%。这可能是由于纤维素酶和果胶酶能够分解植物细胞壁内的纤维素和果胶, 使细胞壁结构被破坏, 内部的多糖溶出, 超声波的空化作用促进溶剂进入细胞内部溶解多糖, 因此, 与传统的单一方法相比, 酶解超声联合提取显著提高了桑椹多糖的得率[31]
图4为不同方法提取得到的桑椹多糖对ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基的清除能力。由图4可知, 抗氧化能力的强弱依次顺序为VC>EUP>EWP>HWP>UWP。EUP清除ABTS+自由基IC50为1.38 mg/mL, 分别比HWP、EWP、UWP降低39.4%、25.5%、46.9%, 清除DPPH自由基IC50为1.39 mg/mL, 分别比HWP、EWP、UWP降低46.5%、38.5%、63.2% (表1)。因此, EUP的抗氧化能力明显高于其他多糖样品, 可能是因为与HWP相比, EUP在酶的作用下产生更多糖醛酸[30], 同时超声作用使多糖中还原糖含量增加, 促使了EUP的抗氧化能力显著提高[31]。值得注意的是, 相同浓度的桑椹多糖样品的ABTS+自由基清除率高于DPPH自由基清除率, 这一现象可能与多糖的电子转移更高效有关, 因为清除ABTS⁺自由基的反应更依赖电子转移, 而多糖的糖醛酸可高效提供电子, 电子转移速率更高[32]。综上所述, 酶解超声联合提取法可以提高桑椹多糖的抗氧化能力, 尤其是ABTS⁺自由基清除能力。
已有研究表明多糖通过抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性, 减少葡萄糖吸收、增加其代谢, 并提高胰岛素敏感性, 延缓葡萄糖转化为血糖, 从而调节糖代谢并降低血糖水平[33]。不同方法提取的桑椹多糖对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制率如图5所示, EUP对α-淀粉酶活性的IC50为1.18 mg/mL, 分别比HWP、EWP、UWP降低了40.1%、18.6%、30.6%; EUP对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的IC50为0.31 mg/mL, 分别比HWP、EWP、UWP降低了16.8%、8.0%、39.4%。说明EUP的降血糖活性高于其他样品。根据已有研究报道, α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制机制主要与底物和酶之间的接触能力有关[1]。EUP经过酶解和超声处理后, 糖醛酸和还原糖含量增加, 短链分子增多, 暴露出更多的游离羟基、疏水基团和氢键, 暴露的游离羟基基团可促进抑制剂对酶的抑制活性, 疏水作用和氢键作用是形成多糖-酶复合物的主要动力[34]。因此, EUP抑制α-淀粉酶活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的能力显著提高[35]
多糖的抗氧化能力和降血糖活性与多糖结构关系密切, 桑椹果渣成分复杂, 含有纤维素、果胶、蛋白质等大分子物质, 不同酶由于作用位点和底物专一性的差异, 对提取桑椹多糖的得率及多糖结构的影响也不同。酶解超声联合提取桑椹多糖时, 不同酶对多糖得率、抗氧化能力和降血糖活性的影响如图6所示。由图6可知, 复合酶水解条件下桑椹多糖的得率比单独使用纤维素酶、果胶酶和木瓜蛋白酶分别提高了41.9%、55.6%、94.4%, 且所得桑椹多糖的抗氧化能力和降血糖活性显著提高。与纤维素酶、果胶酶、木瓜蛋白酶相比, 其清除ABTS+自由基IC50为1.62 mg/mL, 分别降低47.1%、60.0%、64.1%, 清除DPPH自由基IC50为1.39 mg/mL, 分别降低29.1%、53.5%、68.0%; 抑制α-淀粉酶活性IC50为1.18 mg/mL, 分别降低68.5%、63.3%、78.8%, 抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性IC50为0.31 mg/mL, 分别降低38.0%、31.1%、82.8%(表2)。因此, 使用复合酶酶解超声联合提取确实可以提高桑椹多糖的得率、抗氧化能力和降血糖活性。
本研究通过单因素实验优化了酶解超声联合提取桑椹多糖的工艺, 并比较了热水浸提、酶解辅助提取、超声辅助提取、酶解超声联合提取4种不同方法所得桑椹多糖的抗氧化能力和降血糖活性。结果表明使用纤维素酶和果胶酶组成的复合酶预处理联合超声提取条件下桑椹多糖的得率较高, 所得多糖具有较强的抗氧化能力、抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性。与传统的提取方法相比, 酶解超声联合提取法可以提高桑椹多糖的得率, 对多糖的结构破坏更小, 且更加绿色环保; 与新型的提取方法如低共溶剂提取法、超临界流体萃取法等相比, 成本较低、工艺流程简单、能耗少。因此, 酶解超声联合提取法条件温和, 安全性较高, 具有工业化可行性。本研究结果为桑椹多糖提取工艺的优化提供新的思路, 也为桑椹果渣的开发利用开辟新道路, 而酶解和超声对桑椹多糖活性影响的机制还需要进一步探索与研究, 如多糖分子量、多糖结构、单糖组成、微观结构等。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32472363)
  • 浙江省“三农九方”科技协作项目(2023ZJSNJF016)
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2025年第16卷第10期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250115004
  • 接收时间:2025-01-15
  • 首发时间:2025-07-15
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-15
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32472363)
浙江省“三农九方”科技协作项目(2023ZJSNJF016)
作者信息
    1.陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院, 西安 710021
    2.浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所, 农业农村部果品产后处理重点实验室, 农业农村部蔬菜采后保鲜与加工重点实验室(部省共建), 全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室, 杭州 310021

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* 曹艳(1985—), 女, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品精深加工。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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