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Article(id=1151881502964412424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241203002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733155200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752559551230, onlineDateStr=2025-07-15, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752559551230, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752559551230, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752559551230, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151881493552394994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752559548986, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756202008453, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167159075906265916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167159075906265917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=318, endPage=324, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151923894627168936, articleId=1151881502964412424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Efficacy of throat lozenge concentrate in bacterial inflammation resolution based on the Danio rerio model, columnId=1151923894560060071, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Nutrition and Functional Foods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the efficacy of throat lozenge concentrate in promoting the resolution of bacterial inflammation. Methods Danio rerio model of lipopolysaccharide-induced bacterial inflammation was employed. In order to analyze the efficacy in bacterial inflammation resolution, the transgenic Danio rerio at 3-day post-fertilization was randomly selected for setting a normal control group, a model experimental group, a positive control group and throat lozenge concentrate (at the mass concentrations of 62.5, 125.0 and 250.0 μg/mL) dosage groups. Results Throat lozenge concentrate was found to reduce the amount of neutrophils, decrease the fluorescence intensity of macrophages, lower the nitric oxide fluorescence intensity at the inflammatory site, and downregulate the relative expression levels of cox2, myd88, erk2, nf-κb and tnf-α genes, while upregulating the relative expression level of the iκb-α gene. At a low mass concentration (62.5 µg/mL), the relative expression levels of inos and il-1β genes could be downregulated Conclusion The throat lozenge concentrate demonstrates efficacy in promoting the resolution of bacterial inflammation, thereby providing a scientific basis for its application in product development.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Dan HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bai-Jian WU, Zhi-Hong ZHU, Shao-Zhong PENG, Jia-Tao HE, Xiao-Dan HUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151923904987099164, articleId=1151881502964412424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=基于斑马鱼模型研究润喉糖浓缩汁的细菌性炎症消退功效, columnId=1151923894698472105, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品营养及功能性食品, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究润喉糖浓缩汁在细菌性炎症消退的功效作用。方法 本研究采用脂多糖诱导的细菌性炎症斑马鱼模型, 随机挑选受精后3 d的转基因斑马鱼, 设置正常对照组、模型实验组、阳性对照组、润喉糖浓缩汁(质量浓度为62.5、125.0、250.0 μg/mL)剂量组, 分析细菌性炎症消退功效。结果 润喉糖浓缩汁可减少中性粒细胞数量, 降低巨噬细胞荧光强度, 降低炎症部位一氧化氮荧光强度和下调cox2、myd88、erk2、nf-κb和tnf-α基因相对表达量并上调iκb-α基因相对表达量, 在低质量浓度(62.5 µg/mL)时, 可下调inos、il-1β基因相对表达量。结论 润喉糖浓缩汁具有一定促进细菌性炎症消退的功效, 为其在产品中的应用提供了科学依据。

, correspAuthors=黄晓丹, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 黄晓丹(1979—), 女, 教授级高级工程师, 主要研究方向为中药新药与大健康产品研究开发。E-mail:
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伍柏坚(1981—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为中药新药与大健康产品研究开发。E-mail:

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伍柏坚(1981—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为中药新药与大健康产品研究开发。E-mail:

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伍柏坚(1981—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为中药新药与大健康产品研究开发。E-mail:

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Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2019, 241: 111-987., articleTitle=Mogroside V alleviates pharyngeal inflammation and pain in a rat model of chronic pharyngitis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1167158682195342257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, awardId=黔科合支撑[2023]一般006, language=CN, fundingSource=刺梨保肝护肝功能与风味提升及产业化研究项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般006), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167158678458217323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167158678466605932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, companyId=1167158678458217323, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Guangdong Key Laboratory of Famous and Excellent Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines and Simple Preparations and Herbal Tea Enterprises, Guangzhou 510000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167158678634378099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, companyId=1167158678625989489, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.广东省名优中成药与凉茶企业重点实验室, 广州 510000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167158680664421275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Typical image of neutrophil count at the inflammatory site in Danio rerio after treatment with throat lozenge concentrate, figureFileSmall=bPgzXjqsmFjNFNXvzFoQqA==, figureFileBig=Ofbg7J1rrZzwd21JsXy96w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158680727335836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=CN, label=图1, caption=润喉糖浓缩汁处理后斑马鱼炎症部位中性粒细胞数量典型图

注: 黄色虚线框为分析部位卵黄囊; 绿色荧光点为中性粒细胞。

, figureFileSmall=bPgzXjqsmFjNFNXvzFoQqA==, figureFileBig=Ofbg7J1rrZzwd21JsXy96w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158680786056093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Typical fluorescence intensity images of macrophages at the inflammatory site in Danio rerio after treatment with throat lozenge concentrate, figureFileSmall=k/NvgyKRSlTWtf2s58WoUw==, figureFileBig=XzuVcrQVyHiG2glQ2kPWug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158680832193438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=CN, label=图2, caption=润喉糖浓缩汁处理后斑马鱼炎症部位巨噬细胞荧光强度典型图

注: 绿色荧光点为巨噬细胞。

, figureFileSmall=k/NvgyKRSlTWtf2s58WoUw==, figureFileBig=XzuVcrQVyHiG2glQ2kPWug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158680890913695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Typical fluorescence intensity image of NO at the inflammatory site in Danio rerio after treatment with throat lozenge concentrate, figureFileSmall=b5bpwWCzXh1pIkyS7Ds7Sg==, figureFileBig=4yimn/1JusJYd2eqFik4oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158680995771296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=CN, label=图3, caption=润喉糖浓缩汁处理后斑马鱼炎症部位NO荧光强度典型图, figureFileSmall=b5bpwWCzXh1pIkyS7Ds7Sg==, figureFileBig=4yimn/1JusJYd2eqFik4oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158681050297249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Results of the efficacy of throat lozenge concentrate of different concentrations in bacterial inflammation resolution (n=30)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 润喉糖浓缩汁质量浓度/(μg/mL) 死亡数
/尾		 死亡率
/%		 表型
正常对照组 - 0 0 未见明显异常
模型对照组 - 0 0 未见明显异常
实验组 125 0 0 与模型对照组状态相似
250 0 0 与模型对照组状态相似
500 0 0 较模型对照组状态严重
1000 0 0 较模型对照组状态严重
2000 0 0 较模型对照组状态严重
), ArticleFig(id=1167158681104823202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同浓度润喉糖浓缩汁细菌性炎症消退功效结果(n=30)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 润喉糖浓缩汁质量浓度/(μg/mL) 死亡数
/尾		 死亡率
/%		 表型
正常对照组 - 0 0 未见明显异常
模型对照组 - 0 0 未见明显异常
实验组 125 0 0 与模型对照组状态相似
250 0 0 与模型对照组状态相似
500 0 0 较模型对照组状态严重
1000 0 0 较模型对照组状态严重
2000 0 0 较模型对照组状态严重
), ArticleFig(id=1167158681180320675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of the efficacy of throat lozenge concentrate in neutrophil resolution during bacterial inflammation (n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(μg/mL) 炎症部位中性粒细胞
数量/个
正常对照组 - 3.70±0.37***
模型对照组 - 38.00±4.45
乙酸地塞米松 32.6 25.60±2.89*
润喉糖浓缩汁 62.5 36.70±2.20
125.0 36.80±3.21
250.0 26.40±2.02*
), ArticleFig(id=1167158681243235236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

润喉糖浓缩汁细菌性炎症中性粒细胞消退功效结果(n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(μg/mL) 炎症部位中性粒细胞
数量/个
正常对照组 - 3.70±0.37***
模型对照组 - 38.00±4.45
乙酸地塞米松 32.6 25.60±2.89*
润喉糖浓缩汁 62.5 36.70±2.20
125.0 36.80±3.21
250.0 26.40±2.02*
), ArticleFig(id=1167158681318732709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Experimental results of macrophage resolution in bacterial inflammation after treatment with throat lozenge concentrate (n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(μg/mL) 炎症部位巨噬细胞荧光强度
正常对照组 - 90285±8759***
模型对照组 - 632672±43106
乙酸地塞米松 32.6 308428±64355***
润喉糖浓缩汁 62.5 520677±45168
125.0 536819±89749
250.0 423121±45032*
), ArticleFig(id=1167158681373258662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

润喉糖浓缩汁细菌性炎症巨噬细胞消退实验结果(n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(μg/mL) 炎症部位巨噬细胞荧光强度
正常对照组 - 90285±8759***
模型对照组 - 632672±43106
乙酸地塞米松 32.6 308428±64355***
润喉糖浓缩汁 62.5 520677±45168
125.0 536819±89749
250.0 423121±45032*
), ArticleFig(id=1167158681436173223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Experimental results of the resolution efficacy of throat lozenge concentrate on NO levels in bacterial inflammation (n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(μg/mL) 炎症部位NO荧光强度
正常对照组 - 268042±24035**
模型对照组 - 376254±23967
乙酸地塞米松 32.6 279430±29973*
润喉糖浓缩汁 62.5 342101±37868
125.0 341322±21840
250.0 275450±27327*
), ArticleFig(id=1167158681549419432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

润喉糖浓缩汁对细菌性炎症NO影响消退功效实验结果(n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(μg/mL) 炎症部位NO荧光强度
正常对照组 - 268042±24035**
模型对照组 - 376254±23967
乙酸地塞米松 32.6 279430±29973*
润喉糖浓缩汁 62.5 342101±37868
125.0 341322±21840
250.0 275450±27327*
), ArticleFig(id=1167158681620722601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Concentration of total RNA and A260/A280 ratio (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(μg/mL) RNA质量浓度
/(μg/μL)		 A260/A280
样本一 样本二 样本三 样本一 样本二 样本三
正常对照组 - 0.780 0.800 0.768 1.84 1.86 1.89
模型对照组 - 0.742 0.742 0.713 1.87 1.84 1.87
乙酸地塞
米松		 32.6 0.804 0.810 0.749 1.87 1.86 1.87
润喉糖
浓缩汁		 62.5 0.675 0.677 0.710 1.89 1.87 1.88
125.0 0.670 0.678 0.728 1.86 1.85 1.90
250.0 0.718 0.721 0.723 1.92 1.95 1.89
), ArticleFig(id=1167158681683637162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

总RNA的浓度及A260/A280比值(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(μg/mL) RNA质量浓度
/(μg/μL)		 A260/A280
样本一 样本二 样本三 样本一 样本二 样本三
正常对照组 - 0.780 0.800 0.768 1.84 1.86 1.89
模型对照组 - 0.742 0.742 0.713 1.87 1.84 1.87
乙酸地塞
米松		 32.6 0.804 0.810 0.749 1.87 1.86 1.87
润喉糖
浓缩汁		 62.5 0.675 0.677 0.710 1.89 1.87 1.88
125.0 0.670 0.678 0.728 1.86 1.85 1.90
250.0 0.718 0.721 0.723 1.92 1.95 1.89
), ArticleFig(id=1167158681746551723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Information of primer sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 引物序列
β-actin-F 5'-TCGAGCAGGAGATGGGAACC-3'
β-actin-R 5'-CTCGTGGATACCGCAAGATTC-3'
inos-F 5'-CCTCCTCATGTACCTGAATCTCG-3'
inos-R 5'-GCTCCTTGCTTTAGTATGTCGC-3'
cox2-F 5'-ATCCCAGATCCTCAACGCAC-3'
cox2-R 5'-GTGCTACATTACGCCCTCCA-3'
myd88-F 5'-TCCAGTGGTGGACAGTTGTG-3'
myd88-R 5'-CCACCATCCTCTTACACCTTTT-3'
erk2-F 5'-CGGCTTCCTGACGGAGTATG-3'
erk2-R 5'-GGGGAGCCCAAAATACCTAAGA-3'
nf-κb-F 5'-GATGTTCACTGCGTTCCT-3'
nf-κb-R 5'-GTCTTCTGTCTCTTCCTCTG-3'
ikb-α-F 5'-TTCCCTAACTACAGCGGACACA-3'
ikb-α-R 5'-AGGTCTACGGCCAAATGGAG-3'
il-1β-F 5'-GTCACACTGAGAGCCGGAAG-3'
il-1β-R 5'-GCAGGCCAGGTACAGGTTAC-3'
tnf-α-F 5'-GCGCTTTTCTGAATCCTACG-3'
tnf-α-R 5'-TGCCCAGTCTGTCTCCTTCT-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1167158681796883372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

引物序列信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 引物序列
β-actin-F 5'-TCGAGCAGGAGATGGGAACC-3'
β-actin-R 5'-CTCGTGGATACCGCAAGATTC-3'
inos-F 5'-CCTCCTCATGTACCTGAATCTCG-3'
inos-R 5'-GCTCCTTGCTTTAGTATGTCGC-3'
cox2-F 5'-ATCCCAGATCCTCAACGCAC-3'
cox2-R 5'-GTGCTACATTACGCCCTCCA-3'
myd88-F 5'-TCCAGTGGTGGACAGTTGTG-3'
myd88-R 5'-CCACCATCCTCTTACACCTTTT-3'
erk2-F 5'-CGGCTTCCTGACGGAGTATG-3'
erk2-R 5'-GGGGAGCCCAAAATACCTAAGA-3'
nf-κb-F 5'-GATGTTCACTGCGTTCCT-3'
nf-κb-R 5'-GTCTTCTGTCTCTTCCTCTG-3'
ikb-α-F 5'-TTCCCTAACTACAGCGGACACA-3'
ikb-α-R 5'-AGGTCTACGGCCAAATGGAG-3'
il-1β-F 5'-GTCACACTGAGAGCCGGAAG-3'
il-1β-R 5'-GCAGGCCAGGTACAGGTTAC-3'
tnf-α-F 5'-GCGCTTTTCTGAATCCTACG-3'
tnf-α-R 5'-TGCCCAGTCTGTCTCCTTCT-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1167158681859797933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Experimental results of the resolution efficacy of throat lozenge concentrate on bacterial inflammation (gene 1) (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(µg/mL) inos基因相对表达量 cox2基因相对表达量 myd88基因相对表达量 erk2基因相对表达量
正常对照组 - 0.556±0.020* 0.389±0.003** 0.244±0.054*** 0.628±0.011**
模型对照组 - 1.000±0.096 1.000±0.118 1.000±0.023 1.000±0.066
乙酸地塞米松 32.6 0.543±0.052* 0.416±0.013** 0.469±0.057*** 0.710±0.062*
润喉糖浓缩汁 62.5 0.518±0.028* 0.302±0.010*** 0.485±0.091*** 0.642±0.028**
125.0 0.764±0.124 0.325±0.008*** 0.815±0.045 0.630±0.060**
250.0 1.200±0.056 0.281±0.003*** 0.839±0.039 0.701±0.039*
), ArticleFig(id=1167158681935295406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

润喉糖浓缩汁的细菌性炎症消退功效(基因1)实验结果(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(µg/mL) inos基因相对表达量 cox2基因相对表达量 myd88基因相对表达量 erk2基因相对表达量
正常对照组 - 0.556±0.020* 0.389±0.003** 0.244±0.054*** 0.628±0.011**
模型对照组 - 1.000±0.096 1.000±0.118 1.000±0.023 1.000±0.066
乙酸地塞米松 32.6 0.543±0.052* 0.416±0.013** 0.469±0.057*** 0.710±0.062*
润喉糖浓缩汁 62.5 0.518±0.028* 0.302±0.010*** 0.485±0.091*** 0.642±0.028**
125.0 0.764±0.124 0.325±0.008*** 0.815±0.045 0.630±0.060**
250.0 1.200±0.056 0.281±0.003*** 0.839±0.039 0.701±0.039*
), ArticleFig(id=1167158682027570095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Experimental results of the resolution efficacy of throat lozenge concentrate on bacterial inflammation (gene 2) (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(µg/mL) nf-κb基因相对表达量 il-1β基因相对表达量 tnf-α基因相对表达量 iκb-α基因相对表达量
正常对照组 - 0.610±0.040** 0.308±0.043*** 0.373±0.073** 2.160±0.105**
模型对照组 - 1.000±0.025 1.000±0.031 1.000±0.016 1.000±0.110
乙酸地塞米松 32.6 0.456±0.076** 0.433±0.025*** 0.197±0.032*** 2.290±0.166**
润喉糖浓缩汁 62.5 0.482±0.114** 0.531±0.065* 0.519±0.108** 1.250±0.050
125.0 0.503±0.054** 1.000±0.135 0.234±0.031*** 1.640±0.063**
250.0 0.454±0.013** 0.905±0.092 0.309±0.075*** 1.540±0.107**
), ArticleFig(id=1167158682090484656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502964412424, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

润喉糖浓缩汁的细菌性炎症消退功效(基因2)实验结果(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(µg/mL) nf-κb基因相对表达量 il-1β基因相对表达量 tnf-α基因相对表达量 iκb-α基因相对表达量
正常对照组 - 0.610±0.040** 0.308±0.043*** 0.373±0.073** 2.160±0.105**
模型对照组 - 1.000±0.025 1.000±0.031 1.000±0.016 1.000±0.110
乙酸地塞米松 32.6 0.456±0.076** 0.433±0.025*** 0.197±0.032*** 2.290±0.166**
润喉糖浓缩汁 62.5 0.482±0.114** 0.531±0.065* 0.519±0.108** 1.250±0.050
125.0 0.503±0.054** 1.000±0.135 0.234±0.031*** 1.640±0.063**
250.0 0.454±0.013** 0.905±0.092 0.309±0.075*** 1.540±0.107**
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基于斑马鱼模型研究润喉糖浓缩汁的细菌性炎症消退功效
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伍柏坚 1, 2, 3 , 朱志红 1, 3 , 彭绍忠 2, 3 , 何嘉桃 2, 3 , 黄晓丹 2, 3, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025,16(10): 318-324
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025, 16(10): 318-324
基于斑马鱼模型研究润喉糖浓缩汁的细菌性炎症消退功效
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伍柏坚1, 2, 3 , 朱志红1, 3, 彭绍忠2, 3, 何嘉桃2, 3, 黄晓丹2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.广药王老吉(毕节)产业有限公司广州分公司, 广州 510000
  • 2.广州王老吉药业股份有限公司, 广州 510000
  • 3.广东省名优中成药与凉茶企业重点实验室, 广州 510000

    • 伍柏坚(1981—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为中药新药与大健康产品研究开发。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 黄晓丹(1979—), 女, 教授级高级工程师, 主要研究方向为中药新药与大健康产品研究开发。E-mail:
Efficacy of throat lozenge concentrate in bacterial inflammation resolution based on the Danio rerio model
Bai-Jian WU1, 2, 3 , Zhi-Hong ZHU1, 3, Shao-Zhong PENG2, 3, Jia-Tao HE2, 3, Xiao-Dan HUANG2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Guangzhou Branch of Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Holdings Wanglaoji (Bijie) Industrial Company Limited, Guangzhou 510000, China
  • 2. Guangzhou Wanglaoji Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
  • 3. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Famous and Excellent Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines and Simple Preparations and Herbal Tea Enterprises, Guangzhou 510000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241203002
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摘要
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目的 探究润喉糖浓缩汁在细菌性炎症消退的功效作用。方法 本研究采用脂多糖诱导的细菌性炎症斑马鱼模型, 随机挑选受精后3 d的转基因斑马鱼, 设置正常对照组、模型实验组、阳性对照组、润喉糖浓缩汁(质量浓度为62.5、125.0、250.0 μg/mL)剂量组, 分析细菌性炎症消退功效。结果 润喉糖浓缩汁可减少中性粒细胞数量, 降低巨噬细胞荧光强度, 降低炎症部位一氧化氮荧光强度和下调cox2、myd88、erk2、nf-κb和tnf-α基因相对表达量并上调iκb-α基因相对表达量, 在低质量浓度(62.5 µg/mL)时, 可下调inos、il-1β基因相对表达量。结论 润喉糖浓缩汁具有一定促进细菌性炎症消退的功效, 为其在产品中的应用提供了科学依据。

细菌性炎症  /  润喉糖浓缩汁  /  炎症消退  /  斑马鱼

Objective To investigate the efficacy of throat lozenge concentrate in promoting the resolution of bacterial inflammation. Methods Danio rerio model of lipopolysaccharide-induced bacterial inflammation was employed. In order to analyze the efficacy in bacterial inflammation resolution, the transgenic Danio rerio at 3-day post-fertilization was randomly selected for setting a normal control group, a model experimental group, a positive control group and throat lozenge concentrate (at the mass concentrations of 62.5, 125.0 and 250.0 μg/mL) dosage groups. Results Throat lozenge concentrate was found to reduce the amount of neutrophils, decrease the fluorescence intensity of macrophages, lower the nitric oxide fluorescence intensity at the inflammatory site, and downregulate the relative expression levels of cox2, myd88, erk2, nf-κb and tnf-α genes, while upregulating the relative expression level of the iκb-α gene. At a low mass concentration (62.5 µg/mL), the relative expression levels of inos and il-1β genes could be downregulated Conclusion The throat lozenge concentrate demonstrates efficacy in promoting the resolution of bacterial inflammation, thereby providing a scientific basis for its application in product development.

bacterial inflammation  /  throat lozenge concentrate  /  inflammation resolution  /  Danio rerio
伍柏坚, 朱志红, 彭绍忠, 何嘉桃, 黄晓丹. 基于斑马鱼模型研究润喉糖浓缩汁的细菌性炎症消退功效. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (10) : 318 -324 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241203002
Bai-Jian WU, Zhi-Hong ZHU, Shao-Zhong PENG, Jia-Tao HE, Xiao-Dan HUANG. Efficacy of throat lozenge concentrate in bacterial inflammation resolution based on the Danio rerio model[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (10) : 318 -324 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241203002
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0 引言
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炎症反应作为多种疾病的早期信号之一, 是人体免疫系统受到病原体刺激后的正常防御反应, 机体通过调节细胞因子的增量、减量来合理调控抵御威胁的程度。过度的炎症应激反应则会对人体重要器官系统造成损害, 严重可能会危及宿主的生命[1-2]。细菌性炎症是炎症反应主要原因之一, 由细菌微生物感染后引发中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞增加, 过度增加则引起炎性病变[3], 研究抑制过度炎症反应, 适时消退炎症具有重要意义。
斑马鱼(Danio rerio)是一种小型硬骨鱼, 其免疫系统、免疫细胞类型和形态与人类相似, 存在中性粒细胞、单核巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞等; 当机体受到外界刺激引发炎症后, 炎症细胞会应激增加并聚集, 同时, 随着有效物质作用后, 炎症细胞会随之消退, 这个研究过程是可以说明作用物质对炎症免疫反应表达的效果[4]。另外, 出生后前2周的斑马鱼仍属胚胎, 机体是完全透明的, 因此可利用系列标记荧光的转基因斑马鱼可以可视化有效追踪炎症消退的效果[5-6]。脂多糖显微注射至斑马鱼的卵黄囊中, 诱导斑马鱼免疫细胞数量增多, 诱发炎症反应, 从而构建细菌性炎症模型是常用的炎症造模方法之一, 被广泛应用。有效物质可以使免疫细胞消退, 成为评估抗炎作用的指标之一[7]。
润喉糖浓缩汁由既是中药材又是食品的仙草、甘草、菊花、金银花、罗汉果组成, 采用现代生产工艺制成的食品工业用浓缩汁, 具有清咽润喉功效, 最终可加工成硬质糖果, 是经常用嗓人群的常备产品[8]。本研究探究了润喉糖浓缩汁在细菌性炎症消退的功效作用, 为进一步研究清咽抗炎功效机制奠定基础, 对加工成硬质糖果产品、明确其作用方向具有积极意义。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 实验材料
润喉糖浓缩汁: 由仙草、甘草、菊花、罗汉果、金银花组成。按配方比例称量后, 经水提、分离、浓缩、灭菌、包装等工艺制成润喉糖浓缩汁, 浓度为15%, 由广药王老吉(毕节)产业有限公司提供。本研究取润喉糖浓缩汁采用超纯水配制成20.0 mg/mL母液, 现配现用。
阳性对照组: 乙酸地塞米松, 白色粉末, 批号B1828095, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司, 冷藏干燥储存。用二甲基亚砜配制成32.6 mg/mL母液, -20 ℃储存。
1.2 仪器与试剂
1.2.1 仪器
SZX7解剖显微镜(日本OLYMPUS公司); VertA1 CCD相机(上海土森视觉科技有限公司); AZ100电动聚焦连续变倍荧光显微镜(日本Nikon公司); IM-300显微注射仪、PC-10拉针仪(日本Narishige公司); CP214精密电子天平(精度0.0001 g, 美国OHAUS公司); JP-010T超声波清洗机(深圳市洁盟清洗设备有限公司); JXFSTPRP-24L全自动样品快速研磨仪(上海净信实验设备科技部); Auto-Pure32A全自动核酸提取仪(杭州奥盛仪器有限公司); T100普通聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)扩增仪(美国Bio-Rad公司); CFX Connect荧光定量PCR仪(新加坡BIO-RAD公司); HeraeusFresco17高速冷冻离心机(德国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); Nanodrop 2000紫外-可见光分光光度计(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); BE-6100微孔板迷你离心机(海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司)。
1.2.2 试剂
脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)、二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO)(美国Sigma公司); 氯化钠注射液(湖南科伦制药有限公司); 甲基纤维素(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); DAF-FM DA (NO荧光探针)一氧化氮检测探针(中国Beyotime公司); iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix(美国Bio-Rad公司); FastKing cDNA 第一链合成试剂盒(去基因组)[天根生化科技(北京)有限公司]; Universal RNA ExtractionTL Kit C(佛山奥维生物科技有限公司)。
1.3 实验动物
转基因中性粒细胞绿色荧光MPX品系斑马鱼, 转基因巨噬细胞绿色荧光品系斑马鱼, 野生型AB品系斑马鱼, 均为自然成对交配繁殖的受精后3 d (3 days after fertilization, 3 dpf)的斑马鱼。
斑马鱼均饲养于28 ℃的养鱼用水中(水质: 每1 L反渗透水中加入200 mg速溶海盐, 电导率为450~550 μS/cm; pH为6.5~8.5; 硬度为50~100 mg/L CaCO3), 由杭州环特生物科技股份有限公司养鱼中心繁殖提供, 实验动物使用许可证号为SYXK(浙)2022-0004, 饲养管理符合国际AAALAC认证(认证编号: 001458)的要求, IACUC伦理审查号为IACUC-2023-6807-01。
1.4 实验方法
1.4.1 斑马鱼模型的构建
随机选取3 dpf的实验斑马鱼于6孔板中, 每孔实验组均处理30尾斑马鱼, 每孔容量为3 mL, 同时设置正常对照组、模型对照组和阳性对照组。正常对照组不做任何处理, 模型对照组为卵黄囊显微注射LPS, 从而引发炎症, 并成功建立LPS诱导斑马鱼的细菌性炎症模型。阳性对照组为在模型对照组的基础上, 给予质量浓度为32.6 μg/mL乙酸地塞米松。28 ℃处理5 h后, 做相应检测处理。
1.4.2 润喉糖浓缩汁对细菌性炎症消退功效最大检测浓度测定
实验斑马鱼为转基因中性粒细胞绿色荧光MPX品系斑马鱼, 实验组的润喉糖浓缩汁质量浓度为125、250、500、1000、2000 μg/mL, 经给药测试后与正常对照组、模型对照组比较, 测定样品对模型斑马鱼的最大检测浓度(maximum test concentration, MTC)。
1.4.3 润喉糖浓缩汁对斑马鱼细菌性炎症中性粒细胞的消退作用
实验组为随机选取3 dpf转基因中性粒细胞绿色荧光MPX品系斑马鱼, 润喉糖浓缩汁给予样品质量浓度为62.5、125.0、250.0 μg/mL。经给药测试后与正常对照组、模型对照组比较, 每组随机选取10尾斑马鱼在荧光显微镜下拍照并保存图片, 用NIS-Elements D 3.20高级图像处理软件分析并采集数据, 分析炎症部位中性粒细胞数量。
1.4.4 润喉糖浓缩汁对斑马鱼细菌性炎症巨噬细胞的消退作用
实验组为随机选取3 dpf转基因巨噬细胞绿色荧光品系斑马鱼, 润喉糖浓缩汁给予样品质量浓度为62.5、125.0、250.0 μg/mL。经给药测试后与正常对照组、模型对照组比较, 每组随机选取10尾斑马鱼在荧光显微镜下拍照并保存图片, 用Image J 1.53k图像处理软件分析并采集数据, 分析炎症部位巨噬细胞荧光强度。
1.4.5 润喉糖浓缩汁对斑马鱼细菌性炎症NO的影响
实验组为随机选取3 dpf野生型AB品系斑马鱼, 润喉糖浓缩汁给予样品质量浓度为62.5、125.0、250.0 μg/mL。经给药测试后与正常对照组、模型对照组比较, 用NO检测探针进行染色, 染色结束后, 每组随机选取10尾斑马鱼在荧光显微镜下拍照并保存图片, 用NIS-Elements D 3.20高级图像处理软件分析并采集数据, 分析炎症部位NO荧光强度。
1.4.6 润喉糖浓缩汁对斑马鱼细菌性炎症基因的作用
实验组为随机选取3 dpf野生型AB品系斑马鱼, 润喉糖浓缩汁水溶给予样品质量浓度为62.5、125.0、250.0 μg/mL, 平行设置3次实验。28 ℃处理2 h后, 使用Universal RNA Extraction TL Kit C提取各组斑马鱼总RNA, 利用紫外-可见光分光光度计对总RNA浓度和纯度进行测定。取2.00 μg斑马鱼样品总RNA, 按照cDNA第一链合成试剂盒说明操作, 合成20.0 μL cDNA, 通过q-PCR检测β-actin、inos、cox2、myd88、erk2、nf-κb、ikb-α、il-1β和tnf-α基因的表达。用β-actin作为内参基因, 计算inos、cox2、myd88、erk2、nf-κb、ikb-α、il-1β和tnf-α基因的RNA相对表达量。
1.5 数据处理
统计学处理结果采用平均值±标准误表示。用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析, P<0.05表明差异具有统计学意义。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 细菌性炎症消退功效的最大检测浓度结果
在本研究条件下, 润喉糖浓缩汁在125~1000 μg/mL质量浓度下, 未引起斑马鱼死亡, 且未产生任何明显的毒副作用。确定润喉糖浓缩汁细菌性炎症消退功效的MTC为250 μg/mL, 详见表1。
2.2 润喉糖浓缩汁对细菌性炎症中性粒细胞消退功效研究结果
中性粒细胞是细菌性炎症研究中重要指标之一, 中性粒细胞数量减少表明细菌性炎症在缓解, 药物抑制细菌生长, 调节免疫反应, 减轻炎症[9-10]。在本研究条件下, 基于润喉糖浓缩汁的细菌性炎症消退功效的MTC上限, 向下设定实验组润喉糖浓缩汁的给药量3个梯度, 从炎症部位中性粒细胞数量减少来评估, 润喉糖浓缩汁具有细菌性炎症消退的功效, 具体表现为实验组均可减少中性粒细胞数量, 其中润喉糖浓缩汁质量浓度为250 μg/mL的实验组与阳性对照组更接近, 与模型组差异显著。详见表2、图1。
2.3 润喉糖浓缩汁对细菌性炎症巨噬粒细胞消退功效研究结果
巨噬细胞在细菌性炎症中会被激活, 吞噬细菌并释放炎症介质。激活状态下, 巨噬细胞内荧光标记物质会因细胞内环境改变而呈现高荧光强度。当细菌性炎症消退时, 炎症介质减少, 巨噬细胞激活程度降低, 或炎症消退时细菌减少, 巨噬细胞吞噬活动减弱, 其荧光标记物质的荧光强度均降低[11-13]。
在本研究条件下, 基于润喉糖浓缩汁的细菌性炎症消退功效的MTC上限, 向下设定实验组润喉糖浓缩汁的给药量3个梯度, 从炎症部位巨噬细胞荧光强度降低来评估, 润喉糖浓缩汁具有细菌性炎症消退功效, 具体表现为实验组均可降低巨噬细胞荧光强度, 其中润喉糖浓缩汁质量浓度为250 μg/mL的实验组与模型组差异显著。详见表3、图2。
2.4 润喉糖浓缩汁对细菌性炎症NO影响
在细菌性炎症状态下, 巨噬细胞等免疫细胞会被激活。激活的巨噬细胞诱导型NO合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS)表达上调, 催化L-精氨酸生成大量NO。为检测NO, 会使用能与NO特异性反应并产生荧光信号的试剂, NO生成越多, 荧光强度越高。当细菌性炎症消退: 免疫细胞激活减弱, iNOS表达下调, NO生成减少, 荧光强度随之降低。或抗炎因子促使炎症相关信号通路(如NF-κB)失活, 抑制iNOS转录, NO产生减少, 荧光强度降低[14-16]。
在本研究条件下, 基于润喉糖浓缩汁的细菌性炎症消退功效的MTC上限, 向下设定实验组润喉糖浓缩汁的给药量3个梯度, 从炎症部位NO荧光强度降低程度来评估, 润喉糖浓缩汁具有细菌性炎症消退功效, 具体表现为实验组炎症部位NO荧光强度均低于模型对照组; 其中, 润喉糖浓缩汁质量浓度为250 μg/mL的实验组与模型组差异显著。详见表4、图3。
2.5 RNA提取结果及引物序列信息
在实验终点, 提取野生型AB品系斑马鱼总RNA。RNA作为遗传信息传递过程中的关键物质, 其质量对于后续实验结果的准确性与可靠性起着决定性作用。提取完成后, 用紫外-可见光分光光度计测定RNA的浓度及A260/A280比值(表5)。A260和A280分别代表RNA在260 nm和280 nm波长下的吸光度。由于RNA在260 nm波长处对紫外线有强烈吸收, 该吸光度值可用于估算RNA的浓度; 而A260/A280比值则是衡量RNA纯度的重要指标[17-18]。结果表明, A260/A280比值均在1.8~2.2之间, 表明提取得到斑马鱼总RNA质量较好, 基本不存在蛋白质、酚类等杂质的显著污染, 可用于后续定量聚合酶链反应(quantitative polymerase chain reaction, q-PCR)实验。
q-PCR实验是一种在分子生物学领域广泛应用的技术, 用于对特定RNA进行定量分析, 从而深入了解基因的表达水平。在q-PCR实验中, 引物起着至关重要的作用。引物是一段短的单链DNA序列, 它能够特异性地与目标RNA逆转录生成的cDNA链相结合, 引导DNA聚合酶对目标片段进行扩增。合适的引物序列设计是保证q-PCR实验成功的关键因素之一, 其特异性和有效性直接影响到能否准确地扩增目标基因片段, 进而影响实验结果的准确性[19-20]。本研究引物序列详见表6。
2.6 润喉糖浓缩汁对细菌性炎症基因的作用
LPS是革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁的组成成分, 是一种内毒素, 诱导炎症介质的产生, 斑马鱼的中性粒细胞发生免疫应答, 聚集在炎症部位。LPS可通过巨噬细胞和树突状细胞上表达的TLR4介导下游信号转导, 激活核转录因子nf-κb, 促进一系列细胞因子的转录、表达, 如il-1、il-12和tnf-α等, 进而激发免疫应答和炎症反应[21]。il-1在炎症反应中传递信息、激活以及调节免疫细胞, 增殖与分化炎症起关键作用。il-1有两种不同的分子形式, 一种称为il-1α, 另一种称为il-1β。tnf-α是炎症反应过程中出现最早、最重要的炎性细胞因子, 能激活中性粒细胞。未激活的nf-κb存在于细胞质中并与非活性细胞中的IκB蛋白结合。LPS通过TLR4募集MyD88释放细胞因子刺激NF-κB, IκB激酶就会迅速磷酸化并从IκB/NF-κB复合物中降解IκB, 释放NF-κB[22]。因此, NF-κB被转录到细胞核中并启动炎症相关基因的转录, 包括inos和cox2相关基因的转录增强。myd88编码胞质衔接蛋白, 该蛋白在IL-1和Toll样受体信号转导通路中起着至关重要的信号转导作用。这些途径调节了许多促炎基因的激活。与LPS的细胞受体TLR4有结合活性。LPS通过与TLR4结合, 募集接头蛋白MyD88, MyD88通过细胞分子激活NF-κB途径, 激发炎症反应。erk1/2编码的蛋白质是MAP激酶家族的成员。MAP激酶, 也称为细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinases, ERKs)。LPS诱导MAP激酶磷酸化并激活MEK1/2、ERK1/2激酶, ERK1/2MAPK信号通路参与调控细胞周期进程和促炎症细胞因子表达, 异常激活的ERK1/2会促进肿瘤和炎症性疾病的发生和发展[23]。
在本研究条件下, 润喉糖浓缩汁可下调cox2、myd88、erk2、nf-κb和tnf-α基因相对表达量, 并上调iκb-α基因相对表达量, 在低质量浓度(62.5 µg/mL)时, 可下调inos、il-1β基因相对表达量。详见表7~8。
3 结论
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本研究的润喉糖浓缩汁由仙草、甘草、菊花、金银花、罗汉果加工制成。现代研究表明, 仙草中的黄酮类化合物具有消炎作用[24-25]。甘草的主要活性成分为甘草酸及甘草苷, 甘草苷具有抗炎、抗过敏、抗病毒、保肝以及免疫调节等药理作用[26]。金银花、菊花的主要活性成分为绿原酸、3,5-二-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸、4,5-二-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸、木犀草苷, 其中绿原酸是一种强效的抗氧化剂, 能够清除自由基, 减轻炎症反应, 并具有一定的抗病毒作用, 对上呼吸道的炎症和感染具有缓解作用[27-28]。罗汉果的主要活性成分为罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ, 为皂苷类化合物。具有抗炎、抗氧化和抗菌特性, 能够有效减轻喉部的炎症反应, 缓解咽喉痛和不适感[29-30]。以上均说明润喉糖浓缩汁有一定抗炎活性成分, 具体作用机制有待研究。
本研究结果表明, 针对LPS诱导构建的细菌性炎症斑马鱼模型, 润喉糖浓缩汁对细菌性炎症具有消退功效, 具体表现为减少中性粒细胞数量, 降低巨噬细胞荧光强度, 降低炎症部位NO荧光强度和调节基因表达量的作用, 包括下调cox2、myd88、erk2、nf-κb、和tnf-α基因相对表达量并上调iκb-α基因相对表达量, 在低质量浓度(62.5 µg/mL)时, 可下调inos、il-1β基因相对表达量。这一发现不仅证实了润喉糖浓缩汁所含多种药食同源成分(仙草、甘草、菊花、金银花、罗汉果)的协同抗炎作用, 更重要的是揭示了其通过调控nf-κb信号通路关键因子发挥抗炎作用的分子机制, 为传统药食同源在现代咽喉护理产品中的应用提供了科学依据。
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  • 刺梨保肝护肝功能与风味提升及产业化研究项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般006)
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2025年第16卷第10期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241203002
  • 接收时间：2024-12-03
  • 首发时间：2025-07-15
  • 出版时间：2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-03
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刺梨保肝护肝功能与风味提升及产业化研究项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般006)
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    1.广药王老吉(毕节)产业有限公司广州分公司, 广州 510000
    2.广州王老吉药业股份有限公司, 广州 510000
    3.广东省名优中成药与凉茶企业重点实验室, 广州 510000

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* 黄晓丹(1979—), 女, 教授级高级工程师, 主要研究方向为中药新药与大健康产品研究开发。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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