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Article(id=1151881502460621425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250228004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740672000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752559551109, onlineDateStr=2025-07-15, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752559551109, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752559551109, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752559551109, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151881493552394994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752559548986, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756202008453, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167159075906265916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167159075906265917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=285, endPage=291, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151923901283529622, articleId=1151881502460621425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Comparative analysis of Triticum aestivum L. quality in Henan Province from 2020 to 2024, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To understand the quality of Triticum aestivum L. in Henan Province from 2020 to 2024. Methods A comparative analysis was conducted on the quality data of Triticum aestivum L. in Henan Province from 2020 to 2024. Results The quality of Triticum aestivum L. in Henan Province showed a fluctuating upward trend from 2020 to 2024. Due to weather conditions, the Triticum aestivum L. quality in 2023 was the worst, with an average test weight of 755 g/L. The proportion of third grade or above (including third grade) was 64.4%, and the average of defected kernel was as high as 34.6%. The overall quality of Triticum aestivum L. in 2022 was the best, with an average test weight of 801 g/L. The proportion of third grade or above (including third grade) was 99.6%, and the average of defected kernel was 2.9%. Through the analysis of Triticum aestivum L. quality over the past 5 years, it was found that Triticum aestivum L. in Henan Province was mainly composed of medium gluten varieties, strong gluten varieties had been effectively promoted throughout the province, and weak gluten Triticum aestivum L. had been well promoted in some areas of Southern Henan. Henan Province had a wide variety of Triticum aestivum L. planting varieties, and the number of Triticum aestivum L. varieties had been increasing year by year in the past 5 years. Conclusion The quality of Triticum aestivum L. in Henan Province is relatively good, mainly consisting of medium gluten varieties, which are suitable for the processing of various flour products. But there are problems such as a wide variety of varieties and a low proportion of large-scale planting.

, correspAuthors=Feng FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Feng FU, Guan-Ping DAI, Zi-Hao ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151923905406529580, articleId=1151881502460621425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=2020—2024年河南省小麦质量品质对比分析, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 了解2020—2024年河南省小麦质量品质情况。方法 对2020—2024年间河南省小麦质量品质数据进行了对比分析。结果 2020—2024年河南小麦质量呈波动上升的趋势。天气原因导致2023年小麦质量最差, 容重平均值为755 g/L, 三等以上(含三等)的比例为64.4%, 不完善粒均值高达34.6%, 而2022年的小麦整体质量最好, 容重均值为801 g/L, 三等以上(含三等)所占比例为99.6%, 不完善粒均值为2.9%。通过5年来小麦品质分析, 发现河南省小麦以中筋品种为主, 强筋品种在全省多地得到推广, 弱筋小麦在豫南部分地区得到较好推广。河南省小麦种植品种繁多, 5年来小麦品种数量逐年增加。结论 河南省小麦质量品质较好, 以中筋品种为主, 强、中、弱筋均表现优异, 适合各种面制品的加工, 但存在品种繁多, 规模化种植占比低等问题。

, correspAuthors=符锋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 符锋(1973—), 男, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为粮油质量品质与营养分析。E-mail:
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Tillage and Cultivation, 2022, 42(3): 15-18., articleTitle=Study on genetic basis and character change trends of xinmai series varieties, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167158514565788424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=34, issue=4, pageStart=18, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=48, authorNames=张强涛, 何渊博, journalName=现代面粉工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张强涛, 何渊博. 师栾02-1小麦2015-2019年质量变化与分析[J]. 现代面粉工业, 2020, 34(4): 18-21., articleTitle=师栾02-1小麦2015-2019年质量变化与分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167158514704200458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=34, issue=4, pageStart=18, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=49, authorNames=ZHANG QT, HE YB, journalName=Modern Flour Milling Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG QT, HE YB. 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Modern Flour Milling Industry, 2020, 34(4): 18-21., articleTitle=Shi Luan 02-1 quality changes and analysis of wheat from 2015 to 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167158514767115019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=9, pageStart=24, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=50, authorNames=周国勤, 申冠宇, 冉忠萍, journalName=安徽农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周国勤, 申冠宇, 冉忠萍, 等. 豫南弱筋小麦产业发展存在的问题及对策[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2023, 51(9): 24-26., articleTitle=豫南弱筋小麦产业发展存在的问题及对策, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167158514838418189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=9, pageStart=24, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=51, authorNames=ZHOU GQ, SHEN GY, RAN ZP, journalName=Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU GQ, SHEN GY, RAN ZP, et al. 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Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 51(9): 24-26., articleTitle=Problems and countermeasures for industrialization of weak gluten wheat in southern Henan Province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167158514897138448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=19, pageStart=51, pageEnd=53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=52, authorNames=晁岳恩, 杨攀, 李巍, journalName=现代农业科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=晁岳恩, 杨攀, 李巍, 等. 河南省弱筋小麦产业化发展存在的问题及建议[J]. 现代农业科技, 2020(19): 51-53., articleTitle=河南省弱筋小麦产业化发展存在的问题及建议, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167158514960053011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=19, pageStart=51, pageEnd=53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=53, authorNames=ZHAO YEN, YANG P, LI W, journalName=Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO YEN, YANG P, LI W, et al. 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[2025-02-24]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1181.S.20250220.1534.004.html, articleTitle=我国弱筋小麦产业现状及发展对策, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167158515123630872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1181.S.20250220.1534.004.html, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=55, authorNames=ZHOU Y, LI F, PENG SB, journalName=Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Y, LI F, PENG SB, et al. Situation and development strategies of weak gluten wheat industry in China[J/OL]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 1-13. [2025-02-24]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1181.S.20250220.1534.004.html, articleTitle=Situation and development strategies of weak gluten wheat industry in China, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167158507817153104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167158507821347409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, companyId=1167158507817153104, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Henan Province Food and Salt Industry Inspection Research Institute (Henan Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of Grain, Oil and Feed Production), Zhengzhou 450000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167158507829736018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, companyId=1167158507817153104, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河南省食品和盐业检验技术研究院(河南省粮油饲料产品质量监督检验中心), 郑州 450000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167158509142553195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Distribution of grade and defected kernel proportion of newly harvested Triticum aestivum L. in Henan Province from 2020 to 2024, figureFileSmall=in4ZZW/EzV1LQUHkgUE/Lw==, figureFileBig=93S0P1JiPwOM1N06TOYRVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158509192884844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2020—2024年间河南省收获小麦等级和不完善粒比例分布, figureFileSmall=in4ZZW/EzV1LQUHkgUE/Lw==, figureFileBig=93S0P1JiPwOM1N06TOYRVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158509251605101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sample and variety quantity of Triticum aestivum L. quality survey in Henan Province from 2020 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份/年 样品采集数/个 品种数/个
2020 3696 510
2021 3811 590
2022 3830 595
2023 3894 620
2024 4018 636
), ArticleFig(id=1167158509331296878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2020—2024年河南省小麦质量调查样品及品种数量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份/年 样品采集数/个 品种数/个
2020 3696 510
2021 3811 590
2022 3830 595
2023 3894 620
2024 4018 636
), ArticleFig(id=1167158509398405743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparative analysis of quality of newly harvested Triticum aestivum L. in Henan Province from 2020 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份/年 容重均值/(g/L) 三等以上
比例/%		 水分均值/% 不完善粒总量
均值/%		 不完善粒总量≤8.0%占比/% 千粒重/g
2020
(n=3696)		 790
(2.78%)		 95.6 11.4
(12.56%)		 3.5
(56.49%)		 97.5 44.8
(10.94%)
2021
(n=3811)		 792
(2.47%)		 97.3 11.1
(12.66%)		 4.8
(59.42%)		 87.8 46.2
(9.14%)
2022
(n=3830)		 801
(2.29%)		 99.6 11.7
(11.99%)		 2.9
(57.26%)		 99.0 46.8
(9.42%)
2023
(n=3894)		 755
(4.87%)		 64.4 11.9
(15.46%)		 34.6
(79.81%)		 19.9 41.3
(15.71%)
2024
(n=4018)		 795
(2.79%)		 97.3 11.5
(10.60%)		 2.7
(74.74%)		 99.1 45.2
(10.03%)
), ArticleFig(id=1167158509478097523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2020—2024年河南省新收获小麦质量对比分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份/年 容重均值/(g/L) 三等以上
比例/%		 水分均值/% 不完善粒总量
均值/%		 不完善粒总量≤8.0%占比/% 千粒重/g
2020
(n=3696)		 790
(2.78%)		 95.6 11.4
(12.56%)		 3.5
(56.49%)		 97.5 44.8
(10.94%)
2021
(n=3811)		 792
(2.47%)		 97.3 11.1
(12.66%)		 4.8
(59.42%)		 87.8 46.2
(9.14%)
2022
(n=3830)		 801
(2.29%)		 99.6 11.7
(11.99%)		 2.9
(57.26%)		 99.0 46.8
(9.42%)
2023
(n=3894)		 755
(4.87%)		 64.4 11.9
(15.46%)		 34.6
(79.81%)		 19.9 41.3
(15.71%)
2024
(n=4018)		 795
(2.79%)		 97.3 11.5
(10.60%)		 2.7
(74.74%)		 99.1 45.2
(10.03%)
), ArticleFig(id=1167158509574566519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparative analysis of the quality of newly harvested Triticum aestivum L. in Henan Province from 2020 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份/年 降落数值
/s		 粗蛋白质
/%		 湿面筋含量
/%		 形成时间
/min		 面团稳定
时间/min		 最大拉伸
阻力/EU		 50 mm拉伸
阻力/EU		 延伸度/mm 拉伸面积/cm2
2020
(n=350)		 418
(10.95%)		 15.1
(7.95%)		 31.3
(15.53%)		 5.8
(82.98%)		 7.9
(80.76%)		 449
(47.60%)		 340
(47.06%)		 152
(16.29%)		 87
(42.71%)
2021
(n=562)		 380
(11.20%)		 14.5
(9.32%)		 31.1
(15.22%)		 5.1
(80.17%)		 6.9
(82.94%)		 418
(46.97%)		 312
(37.72%)		 160
(15.37%)		 89
(44.95%)
2022
(n=571)		 381
(12.36%)		 13.7
(9.48%)		 28.9
(12.32%)		 5.9
(90.13%)		 8.4
(72.23%)		 489
(44.93%)		 387
(37.52%)		 139
(16.87%)		 88
(43.94%)
2023
(n=575)		 136
(63.65%)		 13.5
(9.82%)		 29.5
(14.12%)		 2.3
(69.62%)		 3.2
(91.14%)		 378
(52.54%)		 299
(45.85%)		 166
(16.61%)		 81
(44.73%)
2024
(n=582)		 380
(12.35%)		 13.1
(6.75%)		 30.1
(11.73%)		 4.9
(91.11%)		 7.5
(89.74%)		 448
(41.94%)		 365
(35.38%)		 129
(14.43%)		 74
(40.89%)
2020—2024
(n=2640)		 332
(35.75%)		 13.9
(10.12%)		 30.1
(14.10%)		 4.7
(93.50%)		 6.7
(89.63%)		 435
(47.37%)		 341
(41.30%)		 149
(18.73%)		 84
(44.34%)
), ArticleFig(id=1167158509654258299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2020—2024年河南省新收获小麦品质情况对比分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份/年 降落数值
/s		 粗蛋白质
/%		 湿面筋含量
/%		 形成时间
/min		 面团稳定
时间/min		 最大拉伸
阻力/EU		 50 mm拉伸
阻力/EU		 延伸度/mm 拉伸面积/cm2
2020
(n=350)		 418
(10.95%)		 15.1
(7.95%)		 31.3
(15.53%)		 5.8
(82.98%)		 7.9
(80.76%)		 449
(47.60%)		 340
(47.06%)		 152
(16.29%)		 87
(42.71%)
2021
(n=562)		 380
(11.20%)		 14.5
(9.32%)		 31.1
(15.22%)		 5.1
(80.17%)		 6.9
(82.94%)		 418
(46.97%)		 312
(37.72%)		 160
(15.37%)		 89
(44.95%)
2022
(n=571)		 381
(12.36%)		 13.7
(9.48%)		 28.9
(12.32%)		 5.9
(90.13%)		 8.4
(72.23%)		 489
(44.93%)		 387
(37.52%)		 139
(16.87%)		 88
(43.94%)
2023
(n=575)		 136
(63.65%)		 13.5
(9.82%)		 29.5
(14.12%)		 2.3
(69.62%)		 3.2
(91.14%)		 378
(52.54%)		 299
(45.85%)		 166
(16.61%)		 81
(44.73%)
2024
(n=582)		 380
(12.35%)		 13.1
(6.75%)		 30.1
(11.73%)		 4.9
(91.11%)		 7.5
(89.74%)		 448
(41.94%)		 365
(35.38%)		 129
(14.43%)		 74
(40.89%)
2020—2024
(n=2640)		 332
(35.75%)		 13.9
(10.12%)		 30.1
(14.10%)		 4.7
(93.50%)		 6.7
(89.63%)		 435
(47.37%)		 341
(41.30%)		 149
(18.73%)		 84
(44.34%)
), ArticleFig(id=1167158509771698813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Number and names of varieties of strong gluten Triticum aestivum L. from 2020 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份/年 强筋品种数量/个 主要强筋小麦品种
2020 68 7062、矮抗58、百农207、百农418、百农4199、泛麦6号、泛麦8号、丰德存麦20号、丰德存麦5号、冠麦1号、禾美988、豫麦34、金麦8号、洛旱11、漯麦9号、平安11、濮麦9号、师栾02-1、囤麦127、伟隆169、温麦18、西农20、西农9718、西农979、新麦26、新麦28、新麦45、偃佃9433、豫农416、豫农982、郑麦0943、郑麦119、郑麦366、郑麦7698、郑麦9023、中麦578、周麦22、周麦27、周麦28、周麦32、周麦9号
2021 54 矮抗58、百农207、泛麦8号、丰德存麦21、丰德存麦5号、存麦8号、鹤麦801、华伟305、淮麦43、佳麦8号、晋麦100号、泉麦890、商麦168、商麦8、宛麦19、温麦18号、西农979、新麦26、新麦45、偃毫330、豫麦49-198、郑麦136、郑麦158、郑麦366、郑麦369、郑麦379、郑麦7698、周麦16、周麦17、周麦25、周麦26、周麦28、周麦33、周麦36、周麦9号、驻麦6号
2022 42 周麦36、周麦28、周麦27、周麦22、周麦18、中麦578、中麦175、郑麦618、郑麦119、徐科168、新麦45、新麦34、新麦26、温麦28、伟隆169、囤麦127、商麦8号、山农优麦2号、浚麦k8、丰德存麦1号、泛麦8号、保麦6号、百农418、百农307
2023 5 济麦22、山农优麦2号、商麦168、新麦26、新麦45
2024 22 百农207、百农307、百农607、泛麦8号、丰德存麦21号、艾麦24、稷麦209、洛麦27、洛麦40、天民184、万丰269、伟隆169、新麦26、新麦28、郑麦136、郑麦1860、郑麦188、周麦27
), ArticleFig(id=1167158509872362111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881502460621425, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2020—2024符合强筋小麦的品种数量及名称

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年份/年 强筋品种数量/个 主要强筋小麦品种
2020 68 7062、矮抗58、百农207、百农418、百农4199、泛麦6号、泛麦8号、丰德存麦20号、丰德存麦5号、冠麦1号、禾美988、豫麦34、金麦8号、洛旱11、漯麦9号、平安11、濮麦9号、师栾02-1、囤麦127、伟隆169、温麦18、西农20、西农9718、西农979、新麦26、新麦28、新麦45、偃佃9433、豫农416、豫农982、郑麦0943、郑麦119、郑麦366、郑麦7698、郑麦9023、中麦578、周麦22、周麦27、周麦28、周麦32、周麦9号
2021 54 矮抗58、百农207、泛麦8号、丰德存麦21、丰德存麦5号、存麦8号、鹤麦801、华伟305、淮麦43、佳麦8号、晋麦100号、泉麦890、商麦168、商麦8、宛麦19、温麦18号、西农979、新麦26、新麦45、偃毫330、豫麦49-198、郑麦136、郑麦158、郑麦366、郑麦369、郑麦379、郑麦7698、周麦16、周麦17、周麦25、周麦26、周麦28、周麦33、周麦36、周麦9号、驻麦6号
2022 42 周麦36、周麦28、周麦27、周麦22、周麦18、中麦578、中麦175、郑麦618、郑麦119、徐科168、新麦45、新麦34、新麦26、温麦28、伟隆169、囤麦127、商麦8号、山农优麦2号、浚麦k8、丰德存麦1号、泛麦8号、保麦6号、百农418、百农307
2023 5 济麦22、山农优麦2号、商麦168、新麦26、新麦45
2024 22 百农207、百农307、百农607、泛麦8号、丰德存麦21号、艾麦24、稷麦209、洛麦27、洛麦40、天民184、万丰269、伟隆169、新麦26、新麦28、郑麦136、郑麦1860、郑麦188、周麦27
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2020—2024年河南省小麦质量品质对比分析
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符锋 * , 戴冠苹 , 张梓豪
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(10): 285-291
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(10): 285-291
2020—2024年河南省小麦质量品质对比分析
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符锋* , 戴冠苹, 张梓豪
作者信息
  • 河南省食品和盐业检验技术研究院(河南省粮油饲料产品质量监督检验中心), 郑州 450000

通讯作者:

* 符锋(1973—), 男, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为粮油质量品质与营养分析。E-mail:
Comparative analysis of Triticum aestivum L. quality in Henan Province from 2020 to 2024
Feng FU* , Guan-Ping DAI, Zi-Hao ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Henan Province Food and Salt Industry Inspection Research Institute (Henan Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of Grain, Oil and Feed Production), Zhengzhou 450000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250228004
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摘要
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目的 了解2020—2024年河南省小麦质量品质情况。方法 对2020—2024年间河南省小麦质量品质数据进行了对比分析。结果 2020—2024年河南小麦质量呈波动上升的趋势。天气原因导致2023年小麦质量最差, 容重平均值为755 g/L, 三等以上(含三等)的比例为64.4%, 不完善粒均值高达34.6%, 而2022年的小麦整体质量最好, 容重均值为801 g/L, 三等以上(含三等)所占比例为99.6%, 不完善粒均值为2.9%。通过5年来小麦品质分析, 发现河南省小麦以中筋品种为主, 强筋品种在全省多地得到推广, 弱筋小麦在豫南部分地区得到较好推广。河南省小麦种植品种繁多, 5年来小麦品种数量逐年增加。结论 河南省小麦质量品质较好, 以中筋品种为主, 强、中、弱筋均表现优异, 适合各种面制品的加工, 但存在品种繁多, 规模化种植占比低等问题。

小麦  /  质量品质  /  河南省  /  品种

Objective To understand the quality of Triticum aestivum L. in Henan Province from 2020 to 2024. Methods A comparative analysis was conducted on the quality data of Triticum aestivum L. in Henan Province from 2020 to 2024. Results The quality of Triticum aestivum L. in Henan Province showed a fluctuating upward trend from 2020 to 2024. Due to weather conditions, the Triticum aestivum L. quality in 2023 was the worst, with an average test weight of 755 g/L. The proportion of third grade or above (including third grade) was 64.4%, and the average of defected kernel was as high as 34.6%. The overall quality of Triticum aestivum L. in 2022 was the best, with an average test weight of 801 g/L. The proportion of third grade or above (including third grade) was 99.6%, and the average of defected kernel was 2.9%. Through the analysis of Triticum aestivum L. quality over the past 5 years, it was found that Triticum aestivum L. in Henan Province was mainly composed of medium gluten varieties, strong gluten varieties had been effectively promoted throughout the province, and weak gluten Triticum aestivum L. had been well promoted in some areas of Southern Henan. Henan Province had a wide variety of Triticum aestivum L. planting varieties, and the number of Triticum aestivum L. varieties had been increasing year by year in the past 5 years. Conclusion The quality of Triticum aestivum L. in Henan Province is relatively good, mainly consisting of medium gluten varieties, which are suitable for the processing of various flour products. But there are problems such as a wide variety of varieties and a low proportion of large-scale planting.

Triticum aestivum L.  /  quality  /  Henan Province  /  variety
符锋, 戴冠苹, 张梓豪. 2020—2024年河南省小麦质量品质对比分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (10) : 285 -291 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250228004
Feng FU, Guan-Ping DAI, Zi-Hao ZHANG. Comparative analysis of Triticum aestivum L. quality in Henan Province from 2020 to 2024[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (10) : 285 -291 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250228004
正文
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0 引言
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小麦是我国主要的粮食作物, 不仅是人们的传统主食, 更因其良好的耐储性而成为我国主要的储备粮种[1-3]。作为中国的粮食主产区, 2020—2024年, 河南省粮食总产量每年稳定在1300亿斤以上, 占全国的1/10, 其中, 小麦年产量达700亿斤以上, 在种植面积、单产、总产量、库存量方面均居全国首位‌[4-6], 为国家的粮食安全作出了重要贡献[7-8]‌。党中央高度重视粮食安全, 出台了一系列惠农政策, 如实行粮食生产补贴、耕地保护与产能提升行动、种业振兴行动、最低收购价政策[9-11]、优质粮食工程[12-15]等, 从土地、种子、田间管理、收割、销售、储存等各环节对粮食生产进行宏观调控, 对稳产、增产、提高农民利益具有重要意义。
小麦作为重要的粮食作物, 其质量品质直接影响着食品加工和市场价值。小麦品种的遗传因素是影响小麦质量和品质的关键因素。品种是小麦品质的基因表达载体, ‌强筋小麦品种的蛋白质含量可达到14%以上, 而弱筋小麦品种的蛋白质在11.5%以下。气候和土壤也是影响小麦品质的两个关键因素。在小麦植株生长期, 尤其是籽粒灌浆期, 温度和湿度的变化对籽粒品质的形成具有显著影响。高温和水分不足等逆境条件会促使籽粒中优质蛋白质的形成。土壤类型、质地以及养分含量也会对小麦的品质产生重要影响。有研究表明, 施用氮肥可促进地上生物量积累和穗粒数的增加[16-17], 还可提高籽粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量[18]。
因此, 小麦品种以及气候、土壤等自然条件变化是影响收获小麦质量品质的关键因素[19-23]。河南省作为小麦生产大省, 其小麦质量品质的变化趋势对于全国小麦产业具有重要影响。
本研究按照GB 1351—2023《小麦》、GB/T 17892—1999《优质小麦 强筋小麦》、GB/T 17893—1999《优质小麦 弱筋小麦》要求的指标, 从小麦的质量、加工品质角度分析河南省2020—2024年新收获小麦质量品质情况, 旨在揭示其变化趋势和影响因素, 以便更好地为小麦种植、技术推广、生产管理、粮食流通和加工等环节提供可靠的依据, 同时对河南省小麦质量品质的提升提出了可行性建议。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 实验材料
对河南省内18个省辖市当年新收获小麦进行采样。用于常规质量检验的样品, 均以县区为单位, 按等距分布原则, 约每万吨粮食产量采集1份样品。用于品质检验的样品, 均以县区为单位, 从质量调查样品中按“3+1原则”选取, “3”指3个主导优质或优良品种, “1”指1个有潜力的新品种。
1.2 仪器与设备
BLH-1000AP容重器、BLH-5700水分磨、BLH-1100小麦硬度指数测定仪(浙江伯利恒仪器设备有限公司); JA21002电子天平(精度0.01 g)、AE224C电子天平(精度0.0001 g)(上海舜宇恒平科学仪器有限公司); AX120干燥箱(英国卡博莱特公司); LM-85/40实验磨粉机(无锡穗邦科技有限公司); JXFM110锤式旋风磨(上海嘉定粮油仪器有限公司); FN1000降落数值仪、GM2200型面筋测定仪(瑞典波通公司); K1100 F凯氏定氮仪(济南海能仪器股份有限公司); JFZD电子式粉质仪、JFZD电子式拉伸仪(北京东孚久恒仪器技术有限公司)。
1.3 实验方法
小麦质量指标检验项目包括容重、千粒重、水分、不完善粒, 检验方法分别为: GB/T 5498—2013《粮油检验 容重测定》, GB/T 5519—2018《谷物与豆类 千粒重的测定》, GB 5009.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》, GB/T 5494—2019《粮油检验 粮食、油料的杂质、不完善粒检验》。小麦品质指标检验项目包括降落数值、粗蛋白质、湿面筋、粉质特性、拉伸特性, 检验方法分别为: GB/T 10361—2008《小麦、黑麦及其面粉, 杜伦麦及其粗粒粉 降落数值的测定Hagberg-Perten法》, GB 5009.5—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》, GB/T 5506.2—2008《小麦和小麦粉 面筋含量》第2部分: 仪器法测定湿面筋, GB/T 14614—2019《粮油检验小麦粉面团流变学特性测试 粉质仪法》, GB/T 14615—2019《粮油检验 小麦粉面团流变学特性测试 拉伸仪法》。
1.4 数据处理
使用WPS Office (12.1.0.19770)统计软件对实验数据进行处理和分析, 每个样品做2个平行, 计算平均值、变异系数、绘制图表等。
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 小麦质量调查样品采集数量及品种情况
2020—2024年采集小麦样品数分别为3696、3811、3830、3894和4018份, 涉及品种分别为510、590、595、620和636份, 具体见表1。历年间种植品种有所差异, 连续5年均种植的品种有矮抗58、百农207、丰德存麦1号、泛麦8号、西农979、新麦26、扬麦13、扬麦15、周麦16、周麦22等120个品种; 种植4年的品种有安麦1241、泛麦5号、百农219、偃展4110、赛德麦1号、冠麦2号等112个品种; 种植3年的品种达148个, 种植2年的品种达318个, 种植1年的品种达710个。可见每年品种变化较大, 品种数目逐年增加, 一些主栽品种矮抗58、周麦22、新麦26、百农207、西农979等多年来保持大面积种植, 但新品种和外省品种在我省试种较多, 种植面积较小, 且多为农户小面积种植, 随机性大, 存在单一品种种植面积小、不连片现象, 这对于收获小麦的纯度以及质量稳定性都是不利的[16,23]。
2.2 2020—2024年河南省新收获小麦质量指标情况及分析
将2020—2024年河南省小麦质量检测数据按照GB 1351—2023进行分析判定, 具体如表2所示, 2020年河南省小麦容重平均值为790 g/L, 三等以上(含三等)的比例为95.6%, 千粒重均值44.8 g, 水分均值为11.4%, 不完善粒均值为3.5%, 其中符合中等要求(≤8.0%)的比例为97.5%。2021年小麦容重均值为792 g/L, 三等以上(含三等)的比例为97.3%, 千粒重均值46.2 g, 水分均值为11.1%, 不完善粒均值为4.8%, 其中符合中等要求(≤8.0%)的比例为87.8%。2022年小麦容重均值为801 g/L, 三等以上(含三等)的比例为99.6%, 千粒重均值46.8 g, 水分均值为11.7%, 不完善粒均值为2.9%, 其中符合中等要求(≤8.0%)的比例为99.0%。2023年小麦容重均值为755 g/L, 三等以上(含三等)所占比例为64.4%, 千粒重均值41.3 g, 水分均值为11.9%, 不完善粒均值为34.6%, 其中符合中等要求(≤8.0%)的比例为19.9%。2024年小麦容重均值为795 g/L, 三等以上(含三等)所占比例为97.3%, 千粒重均值45.2 g, 水分均值为11.5%, 不完善粒均值为2.7%, 其中符合中等要求(≤8.0%)的比例为99.1%。
整体来看, 除2023年小麦受雨水影响质量下降外, 河南省小麦的质量在2020—2024年间呈现出波动上升的趋势。具体而言, 小麦的容重有所提升, 不完善粒指标有所下降, 表明河南省小麦的整体质量在逐年改善。
按照国家仓储小麦收购标准, 一般要求小麦质量达到三等及以上。5年数据对比分析, 如图1所示, 2020、2021、2022、2024年95%以上小麦样品都符合收购条件, 这4年小麦质量维持很高水平, 且缓慢上升的趋势, 究其原因主要有二点, 一是天气原因, 小麦生长期间天气较好, 特别是收割期间晴天多、阴雨天少, 利于小麦生长、收割[24]; 二是人为因素, 近年来, 河南省农业农村部门坚持藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略, 以良田、良种、良法、良机、良制相融合, “五良”齐抓, 平急兼备, 确保粮食增产、增收、优质。
2023年小麦整体质量最差, 三等以上(含三等)的比例为64.4%, 一等小麦比例仅占16.5%, 不完善粒≤6.0%的比例占14.3%, 而>10.0%的比例高达75.9%。该年小麦容重普遍较低、一等小麦比例明显下降, 不完善粒很高(其中生芽粒占比较高, 部分地区生霉、赤霉病粒较多)。造成2023年河南小麦质量较差的主要因素是天气原因, 5月底至6月初, 全省出现大范围持续阴雨天气, 降雨过程持续时间长、影响范围广、过程雨量大, 是10多年来最为严重的“烂场雨”天气, 导致小麦点片倒伏、发霉, 多地出现籽粒萌动和穗发芽现象, 中北部未成熟小麦灌浆受到阴雨天气影响, 从而导致小麦容重下降, 不完善粒升高。
2.3 2020—2024年河南省小麦品质指标情况及分析
按照10%~15%的比例, 从质量调查样品中选取优质或优良品种进行品质检测, 2020—2024年选取样品数量分别为350、562、571、575、582份, 共检测样品2640份, 主要检测指标为降落数值、粗蛋白质、湿面筋、粉质特性、拉伸特性等指标, 各指标平均值分别为: 降落数值332 s、粗蛋白质(干基)13.9%、湿面筋(14%水分计)30.1%、面团形成时间4.7 min、面团稳定时间6.7 min、最大拉伸阻力435 EU、50 mm拉伸阻力341 EU、延伸度149 mm、拉伸面积84 cm2, 具体指标见表3。由以上结果可以看出, 河南省的小麦降落数值、粗蛋白质、湿面筋较高, 稳定时间中等偏上, 2023年小麦受发芽影响, 品质下降幅度较大, 不具有可比性。从调查的品种看, 中筋品种占主导, 在河南各地均有种植, 主要有矮抗58、周麦系列、豫麦系列、郑麦系列等, 容重、蛋白质、湿面筋较高, 适合加工馒头、面条等主食[25], 具体信息见表3。
按照GB/T 17892—1999, 采用降落数值、粗蛋白质、湿面筋和稳定时间4项指标进行强筋小麦的判定, 具体品种数和品种信息见表4。2020年符合强筋小麦的样品有68份, 占19.4%; 2021年符合强筋小麦的样品有54份, 占9.6%; 2022年符合强筋小麦的样品有42份, 占7.4%; 2023年符合强筋小麦的样品有5份, 占0.9%; 2024年符合强筋小麦的样品有22份, 占3.8%。从调查的品种看, 优质强筋小麦在各地不断地试种和推广, 如新麦26、师栾02-1等优质品种连续多年表现出很好的强筋特性, 在生产中受到很高评价[26-28]。近几年表现较好的强筋品种还有郑麦366、泛麦8号、西农979、西农9718、丰德存麦5号、百农4199、伟隆169、中麦578等。河南绝大部分地区均适合种植优质强筋小麦, 但不同的品种适宜种植的地区有所不同, 比如, 新麦26适宜在河南的豫北、豫中及豫西地区种植, 包括安阳、鹤壁、许昌、平顶山等部分区域; 郑麦366适合在河南中北部地区种植, 包括郑州、新乡、焦作、洛阳等平原地区; 西农979适合在河南中南部地区种植, 包括南阳、驻马店、信阳等部分区域。
按照GB/T 17893—1999, 采用降落数值、粗蛋白质、湿面筋和稳定时间4项指标进行弱筋小麦的判定, 2020年符合弱筋小麦标准的样品有3份, 占0.9%, 品种主要有扬麦13、扬麦2号; 2021年符合弱筋小麦标准的样品有5份, 占0.9%, 品种主要有扬麦15、豫麦57; 2022年符合弱筋小麦标准的样品有3份, 占0.5%, 品种为扬麦15; 2023年符合弱筋小麦标准标准的1份, 占0.2%, 品种为扬麦15; 2024年符合弱筋小麦标准的2份, 占0.3%, 品种为扬麦15。目前优质弱筋小麦主要在豫南信阳等地推广, 代表性品种主要是扬麦13、扬麦15等[29-31]。
3 结论与讨论
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综上可知, 5年来河南省小麦质量呈波动上升的趋势, 总体质量较好, 2023年由于天气原因导致质量最差, 小麦容重平均值为755 g/L, 三等以上(含三等)的比例为64.4%, 不完善粒均值高达34.6%, 而2022年的总体质量最好, 容重均值为801 g/L(一等), 三等以上(含三等)所占比例为99.6%, 不完善粒均值为2.9%。通过5年来小麦品质分析, 发现河南小麦主要以中筋品种为主, 强筋品种在全省得到有力推广, 弱筋小麦在豫南部分地区得到较好推广, 强、中、弱筋均表现出很好的品质特性, 适合加工水饺、烩面、馒头、面包、面条、饼干等各种面制品, 很好的满足了全国人民的消费需求。
河南小麦品种繁多, 规模化种植占比低, 从历年的质量调查可以看出, 各年质量调查的采样数均在3000份到4000份之间, 而涉及到的品种则高达500到600多个, 且5年间种植品种逐年增加, 主导品种变化不大, 新品种和外省品种在河南试种较多, 种植面积较小, 优胜劣汰, 有利于筛选更适合各地种植的优良品种。由于多为农户小面积种植, 随机性大, 存在单一品种种植面积小、不连片现象, 这对于收获小麦的纯度以及质量稳定性都是不利的, 建议政府有关部门加强引导, 帮助农民选择产量稳定、品质高、适宜种植的品种。
同时, 河南属暖温带-亚热带、湿润-半湿润季风气候, 一般特点是冬季寒冷雨雪少, 春季干旱风沙多, 夏季炎热雨丰沛, 秋季晴和日照足。暴雨(雪)、干旱、大风、雷电、冰雹、沙尘暴、霜冻等自然灾害时有发生, 小麦质量受天气影响较大, 每10年受天气影响较大的年份达2~3年。收获季节降雨偏多会导致小麦发芽、生霉, 使得收获小麦整体品质下降。建议育种部门注重小麦的多抗性培育, 不仅关注常见的抗旱、抗寒、抗病、抗倒伏, 还要关注小麦的抗发芽能力, 减少小麦成熟期阴雨天气导致种子发芽现象。还应加强收获季节降雨预测, 制定科学的应急预案和措施, 尽量减小降雨对收获小麦质量的影响, 同时建议农机生产部门研发雨天收割设备, 实现全天候收割。
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2025年第16卷第10期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250228004
  • 接收时间：2025-02-28
  • 首发时间：2025-07-15
  • 出版时间：2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-02-28
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    河南省食品和盐业检验技术研究院(河南省粮油饲料产品质量监督检验中心), 郑州 450000

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* 符锋(1973—), 男, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为粮油质量品质与营养分析。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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