Article(id=1151881498522645340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741536000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752559550171, onlineDateStr=2025-07-15, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752559550171, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752559550171, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752559550171, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151881493552394994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752559548986, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756202008453, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167159075906265916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167159075906265917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=198, endPage=205, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151923898175550211, articleId=1151881498522645340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene combined with phytic acid treatment on the storage quality of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. fruits, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To study the effects of different concentrations of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and phytic acid (PA) on the physiology and storage quality of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.. Methods Based on the optimal concentration of 1-MCP and PA alone, the study was carried out under the conditions of room temperature (20±1) ℃ and relative humidity (80%-90%), and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. without preservative treatment were used as the control, the full factorial composite experiments of 0.8 μL/L and 1 μL/L 1-MCP and 0.05% and 0.1% PA were carried out, and measured the mass loss rate, hardness, soluble solids content (SSC), ethylene release, peroxidase (POD) activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, and sensory evaluation of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. during the storage period. Results The 1 μL/L 1-MCP+0.1% PA treatment group had a sensory evaluation score of 85.6 after 12 d of storage, with a weight loss of 0.93%, hardness of 5.04 kg/cm2, SSC content of 8.4%, ethylene release of 0.4398 μL/(kg·h), and POD vigour and DPPH radical scavenging rates of 96.9 U/g FW and 82.60%. Conclusion This study show that 1 μL/L 1-MCP+0.1% PA compound treatment is more helpful for the improvement of POD activity and DPPH radical scavenging rate, which in turn delayed the loss of quality, hardness and SSC, low ethylene release, and the overall maintenance of higher sensory scores, which effectively maintained a better storage quality and prolonged the freshness period of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., and provided technical references for the freshness preservation of more categories of fruits and vegetables. It provides a technical reference for more categories of fruits and vegetables.

, correspAuthors=An LI, Jie ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tian-Xiao XUE, Yue ZHANG, Gang LIANG, Li-Gang PAN, Meng WANG, An LI, Jie ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151923919830741741, articleId=1151881498522645340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=1-甲基环丙烯结合植酸处理对樱桃番茄果实贮藏品质的影响, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究不同浓度的1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP)和植酸(phytic acid, PA)复合处理对樱桃番茄生理及贮藏品质的影响。方法 本研究基于前期获得的1-MCP 与PA 单独处理番茄最优浓度的基础上, 室温(20±1) ℃, 相对湿度80%~90%条件下, 以未使用任何保鲜剂处理的樱桃番茄为对照组, 进行了0.8 μL/L和1.0 μL/L的1-MCP与0.05%和0.1%的PA全因子复合试验, 测定了樱桃番茄的质量损失率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量(soluble solids content, SSC)、乙烯释放量、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除率等指标在贮藏过程中的变化, 并在贮藏期内对樱桃番茄进行了感官评价。结果 1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.1% PA处理组在贮藏12 d时, 感官评价得分为85.6分, 失重率0.93%, 硬度5.04 kg/cm2, SSC含量8.4%, 乙烯释放量0.4398 μL/(kg·h), POD活力和DPPH自由基清除率分别是96.9 U/g FW和82.60%。结论 本研究表明1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA复合处理有助于POD活力的提升, 并提高DPPH自由基清除率, 进而延缓质量损失、硬度和SSC的降低, 乙烯释放量较低, 整体保持较高的感官评分, 有效保持了较好的贮藏品质并延长樱桃番茄的保鲜期, 为更多品类的果蔬保鲜提供了技术参考。

, correspAuthors=李安, 赵杰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李安(1985—), 男, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:
赵杰(1986—), 男, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:
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薛天笑(2003—), 男, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:

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Food Science, 2021, 42(19): 218-225., articleTitle=Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene fumigation combined with tea polyphenol coating treatment on quality preservation of Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1167158711396085809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, awardId=2019YFC1605600, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划专项(2019YFC1605600), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1167158711442223154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, awardId=KJCX20230309, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230309), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167158707373749220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167158707382137829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, companyId=1167158707373749220, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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注: 不同小写字母表示不同组别间的显著性差异(P<0.05), 下同。

, figureFileSmall=L8bXd4ZLPjDqsaaxZpc+vA==, figureFileBig=sE60AW48rkcBI3M9uxoN9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158710628528166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of compound preservative treatment on weight loss rate of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. during storage, figureFileSmall=ywfsmpYwtR/LX8No4T6iuA==, figureFileBig=oKwMWspnsA8JweXMwBtPhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158710678859815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, language=CN, label=图3, caption=复合保鲜剂处理对樱桃番茄贮藏期间硬度的影响, figureFileSmall=ywfsmpYwtR/LX8No4T6iuA==, figureFileBig=oKwMWspnsA8JweXMwBtPhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158710745968680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of compound preservative treatment on SSC content of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. during storage, figureFileSmall=iedpT/rdCt7/6N9NDOXLDA==, figureFileBig=wfgiwr+3b9lP/NEYlC9cHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158710842437673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, language=CN, label=图4, caption=复合保鲜剂处理对樱桃番茄贮藏期间SSC含量的影响, figureFileSmall=iedpT/rdCt7/6N9NDOXLDA==, figureFileBig=wfgiwr+3b9lP/NEYlC9cHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158710917935146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of compound preservative treatment on ethylene release from Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. during storage, figureFileSmall=+dxrzfYnnDAXRKpWrhWTGA==, figureFileBig=2E0Jzll+lSYIh1wUq3Y4AQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158710980849707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, language=CN, label=图5, caption=复合保鲜剂处理对樱桃番茄贮藏期间乙烯释放量的影响, figureFileSmall=+dxrzfYnnDAXRKpWrhWTGA==, figureFileBig=2E0Jzll+lSYIh1wUq3Y4AQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158711047958572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of compound preservatives on POD activity (A) and DPPH free radical scavenging rate (B) of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. during storage, figureFileSmall=jkcJJ/BAmjIJLMTzFyl8KQ==, figureFileBig=VcKT3JJnIPLOAkd16g9Ssw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158711119261742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, language=CN, label=图6, caption=复合保鲜剂处理对樱桃番茄贮藏期间POD活力(A)和DPPH自由基清除率(B)的影响, figureFileSmall=jkcJJ/BAmjIJLMTzFyl8KQ==, figureFileBig=VcKT3JJnIPLOAkd16g9Ssw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158711173787695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation standard of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. grading standards

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价项目 100~90分(一级) 89~80分(二级) 79~70分(三级) 69~60分(四级) <60分(五级)
外观(30%) 新鲜红润有光泽, 具备该品种成熟时的正常颜色 基本具备该品种成熟时的正常颜色, 颜色稍深略有光泽 色泽发黑,
暗淡无光泽
轻微褐变,
黄斑>1/2
明显褐变,
黑斑出现
形态(40%) 软硬适度, 果皮
舒展光滑饱满
硬度轻微下降, 部分果皮稍微皱缩 硬度不均匀, 果皮稍有
软陷, 部分果皮明显皱缩
果实较软, 果皮
明显开裂、皱缩
果实软烂, 全部果皮明显皱缩萎蔫
气味(30%) 番茄固有香气, 且气味
清鲜, 芳香无异味
番茄气味浓, 无异味 番茄气味较淡, 无异味 番茄气味较淡,
有轻微异味
有严重异味
), ArticleFig(id=1167158711249285168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881498522645340, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

樱桃番茄感官评价得分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价项目 100~90分(一级) 89~80分(二级) 79~70分(三级) 69~60分(四级) <60分(五级)
外观(30%) 新鲜红润有光泽, 具备该品种成熟时的正常颜色 基本具备该品种成熟时的正常颜色, 颜色稍深略有光泽 色泽发黑,
暗淡无光泽
轻微褐变,
黄斑>1/2
明显褐变,
黑斑出现
形态(40%) 软硬适度, 果皮
舒展光滑饱满
硬度轻微下降, 部分果皮稍微皱缩 硬度不均匀, 果皮稍有
软陷, 部分果皮明显皱缩
果实较软, 果皮
明显开裂、皱缩
果实软烂, 全部果皮明显皱缩萎蔫
气味(30%) 番茄固有香气, 且气味
清鲜, 芳香无异味
番茄气味浓, 无异味 番茄气味较淡, 无异味 番茄气味较淡,
有轻微异味
有严重异味
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1-甲基环丙烯结合植酸处理对樱桃番茄果实贮藏品质的影响
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薛天笑 1, 2, 3 , 张悦 1, 2 , 梁刚 1, 2 , 潘立刚 1, 2 , 王蒙 1, 2 , 李安 1, 2, * , 赵杰 1, 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(10): 198-205
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(10): 198-205
1-甲基环丙烯结合植酸处理对樱桃番茄果实贮藏品质的影响
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薛天笑1, 2, 3 , 张悦1, 2, 梁刚1, 2, 潘立刚1, 2, 王蒙1, 2, 李安1, 2, * , 赵杰1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.北京市农林科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所, 北京 100097
  • 2.农业部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(北京), 北京 100097
  • 3.河北北方学院农林科技学院, 张家口 075000
  • 薛天笑(2003—), 男, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 李安(1985—), 男, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:
赵杰(1986—), 男, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:
Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene combined with phytic acid treatment on the storage quality of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. fruits
Tian-Xiao XUE1, 2, 3 , Yue ZHANG1, 2, Gang LIANG1, 2, Li-Gang PAN1, 2, Meng WANG1, 2, An LI1, 2, * , Jie ZHAO1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
  • 2. Ministry of Agriculture, Risk Assessment Lab for Agro-products (Beijing), Beijing 100097, China
  • 3. College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310005
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目的 研究不同浓度的1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP)和植酸(phytic acid, PA)复合处理对樱桃番茄生理及贮藏品质的影响。方法 本研究基于前期获得的1-MCP 与PA 单独处理番茄最优浓度的基础上, 室温(20±1) ℃, 相对湿度80%~90%条件下, 以未使用任何保鲜剂处理的樱桃番茄为对照组, 进行了0.8 μL/L和1.0 μL/L的1-MCP与0.05%和0.1%的PA全因子复合试验, 测定了樱桃番茄的质量损失率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量(soluble solids content, SSC)、乙烯释放量、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除率等指标在贮藏过程中的变化, 并在贮藏期内对樱桃番茄进行了感官评价。结果 1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.1% PA处理组在贮藏12 d时, 感官评价得分为85.6分, 失重率0.93%, 硬度5.04 kg/cm2, SSC含量8.4%, 乙烯释放量0.4398 μL/(kg·h), POD活力和DPPH自由基清除率分别是96.9 U/g FW和82.60%。结论 本研究表明1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA复合处理有助于POD活力的提升, 并提高DPPH自由基清除率, 进而延缓质量损失、硬度和SSC的降低, 乙烯释放量较低, 整体保持较高的感官评分, 有效保持了较好的贮藏品质并延长樱桃番茄的保鲜期, 为更多品类的果蔬保鲜提供了技术参考。

1-甲基环丙烯  /  植酸  /  贮藏品质  /  保鲜  /  樱桃番茄

Objective To study the effects of different concentrations of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and phytic acid (PA) on the physiology and storage quality of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.. Methods Based on the optimal concentration of 1-MCP and PA alone, the study was carried out under the conditions of room temperature (20±1) ℃ and relative humidity (80%-90%), and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. without preservative treatment were used as the control, the full factorial composite experiments of 0.8 μL/L and 1 μL/L 1-MCP and 0.05% and 0.1% PA were carried out, and measured the mass loss rate, hardness, soluble solids content (SSC), ethylene release, peroxidase (POD) activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, and sensory evaluation of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. during the storage period. Results The 1 μL/L 1-MCP+0.1% PA treatment group had a sensory evaluation score of 85.6 after 12 d of storage, with a weight loss of 0.93%, hardness of 5.04 kg/cm2, SSC content of 8.4%, ethylene release of 0.4398 μL/(kg·h), and POD vigour and DPPH radical scavenging rates of 96.9 U/g FW and 82.60%. Conclusion This study show that 1 μL/L 1-MCP+0.1% PA compound treatment is more helpful for the improvement of POD activity and DPPH radical scavenging rate, which in turn delayed the loss of quality, hardness and SSC, low ethylene release, and the overall maintenance of higher sensory scores, which effectively maintained a better storage quality and prolonged the freshness period of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., and provided technical references for the freshness preservation of more categories of fruits and vegetables. It provides a technical reference for more categories of fruits and vegetables.

1-methylcyclopropene  /  phytic acid  /  storage quality  /  freshness preservation  /  Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
薛天笑, 张悦, 梁刚, 潘立刚, 王蒙, 李安, 赵杰. 1-甲基环丙烯结合植酸处理对樱桃番茄果实贮藏品质的影响. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (10) : 198 -205 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310005
Tian-Xiao XUE, Yue ZHANG, Gang LIANG, Li-Gang PAN, Meng WANG, An LI, Jie ZHAO. Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene combined with phytic acid treatment on the storage quality of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. fruits[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (10) : 198 -205 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310005
樱桃番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), 属于茄科番茄属, 别名圣女果或迷你番茄。樱桃番茄含有丰富的维生素、矿物质和氨基酸, 同时樱桃番茄具有清热解毒、美容养颜、降血压、抗癌等功能特性, 这些功能主要依靠于樱桃番茄中的维生素C (vitamin C, VC)、维生素B3 (VB3)、番茄红素等[1], 冀胜鑫等[2]研究表明不同品种番茄果实VC含量存在差异, 但整体表现为樱桃番茄的VC含量为普通番茄1.5~3.0倍。
樱桃番茄是典型的呼吸跃变型果实, 含水量高, 果皮结构较脆弱, 在贮藏期间极易出现失水皱缩, 易受机械损伤, 进而降低了其口感和商品价值[3]。目前, 主要采用冷藏和气调保鲜[4]两种方式进行贮藏, 气调保鲜技术包括自发气调和人工气调两种方式, 自发气调保鲜技术达到预设气体浓度所需时间较长, 且二者对气密性要求高, 导致设备投入大且运行费用高, 增加了贮藏成本。开发一种高效、经济且操作简便的樱桃番茄采后保鲜技术, 对于保持樱桃番茄的贮藏品质和延长货架期具有重要的意义。
1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP)属于环丙烯类化合物, 常温下呈气态, 且安全无毒。研究表明1-MCP是一种高效的乙烯受体竞争性抑制剂, 通过与乙烯竞争受体进而抑制乙烯信号传递, 且其与乙烯受体的亲和力显著高于乙烯本身, 以此有效延缓果蔬成熟衰老的进程[5]。CHEN等[6]研究发现, 1-MCP处理能够增强鲜切莲藕片的过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)以及过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性, 显著提升其抗氧化能力和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除率; 同时, 1-MCP也通过抑制乙烯的信号转导, 延缓了鲜切莲藕片的酶促褐变。张玉蕾等[7]研究发现1-MCP与茶多酚联合处理樱桃番茄, 可以显著降低果实软化速度, 减缓水分, VC和可溶性固形物含量(soluble solids content, SSC)的下降速率, 降低果实腐烂率, 进而使果实的品质及营养价值得以更好的保持。TAYE等[8]研究进一步证明, 微量的1-MCP熏蒸处理能够抑制樱桃番茄果实的乙烯释放、降低呼吸强度、延缓果实颜色的转变, 维持贮藏期间的果实硬度, 并保持较高的番茄红素含量, 从而显著提升采后品质。
植酸(phytic acid, PA), 亦称肌醇六磷酸, 是一种广泛存在于植物种子, 果壳及胚芽中的有机酸。该物质具有天然无毒特性, 且展现出显著的抗氧化性能。其抗氧化机制主要体现在与金属离子发生强效的螯合作用, 使具有氧化作用的金属离子因螯合失去活性, 同时释放出氢以破坏氧化过程中产生的过氧化物[9], 此外PA在果蔬保鲜过程中阻止气体交换, 从而降低果蔬的呼吸强度, 有效抑制微生物在果蔬表面大量繁殖。姜丽等[10]研究证实PA对紫背天葵的呼吸作用具有显著抑制, 能够有效延缓花青素和叶绿素的降解, 同时抑制酚类物质和营养成分的流失, 从而有效延长紫背天葵货架期。王健等[11]通过使用不同浓度PA处理鲜切紫甘蓝, 证实PA不仅能显著降低鲜切紫甘蓝的失重率, 对酶促褐变、色素流失以及微生物增长有明显抑制作用。
目前, 1-MCP和PA作为单一保鲜剂在蔬菜贮藏保鲜中研究报道较多, 并证明对多种果蔬具有良好的保鲜效果, 然而利用二者联合处理樱桃番茄, 并考查二者对樱桃番茄的贮藏品质等的影响还鲜少见报道。因此, 本研究通过使用不同浓度的1-MCP与PA复合处理“吉甜一号”樱桃番茄, 寻找适合樱桃番茄贮藏保鲜的最佳复合保鲜剂用量及比例, 为樱桃番茄贮藏保鲜提供理论依据。
“吉甜一号”樱桃番茄, 采摘于北京天安农业尚义农场, 采后立即运回北京天安农业发展有限公司, 于(4±1) ℃ 预冷处理24 h, 散去田间热, 选取果型端正、大小均一、发育良好、无病虫害、机械损伤的樱桃番茄为试验材料。
1-MCP(分析纯, 有效质量分数0.018%, 咸阳西秦生物科技有限公司); PA(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); POD测定试剂盒、DPPH自由基清除能力测试盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)。
PAL-1型折光仪(日本ATAGO公司); AL204-IC型电子天平(精密度0.0001 g, 上海MettlerToledo有限公司); SKY6000-C2H4型泵吸式乙烯检测仪(深圳元特科技有限公司); MY-10型手持式组织研磨器(上海净信实业发展有限公司); GY-3型果实硬度计(艾普计量仪器有限公司); MiniSpinplus型高速离心机(德国Eppendorf有限公司); Tu-1810D型紫外-可见分光光度计、GWA-UN3-F20型超纯水器(北京普析通用仪器有限公司)。
前期预试验中1-MCP和PA采用熏蒸和喷涂两种方式分别处理樱桃番茄, 参照张悦等[12]的方法并进行了适当调整。1-MCP的浓度设定为0、0.5、1.0、1.5 μL/L, PA的浓度设定为0%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20% (w/w), 每组样品为70颗樱桃番茄, 每个指标测定3次。结果确定了1-MCP处理的最佳浓度为1.0 μL/L, PA处理的最佳浓度为0.1% (w/w)。基于以上结果, 本研究设定1-MCP浓度分别为0.8 μL/L和1 μL/L, PA处理浓度为0.05%和0.1%, 在此基础上进行全因子复合试验, 得到保鲜剂复合处理组浓度分别为: 0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA、0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA、1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA、1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA。
试验樱桃番茄随机分成5组, 每组70颗, 按照以下组别进行处理: (1)对照组: 1-MCP和PA浓度为0, 用CK表示为对照组。(2) 0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA组: 根据密封箱体积73.6 L, 计算出0.8 μL/L 1-MCP所需要的粉剂为0.733 g, 按1:5 (m/V)的比例加入蒸馏水混匀, 置于装好樱桃番茄的密封箱熏蒸24 h, 处理完毕后开盖通风0.5 h, 再使用0.05%的PA溶液喷涂处理。根据(2)组的处理方法处理其他组, 使最终的1-MCP和PA浓度达到要求, 并分别标记为0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA组、1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA组、1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA组, 将5组处理完成后的样品装入周转筐内, 使用聚乙烯袋包装但不密封置于室温(20 ℃±1 ℃), 相对湿度80%~90%条件下贮藏12 d, 每隔3 d从各组随机取样进行设定指标测定, 每个指标设3次重复[12]
(1)感官评价
感官评价依据张悦等[12]的方法进行修改, 感官评价小组由6名具备感官分析及相关领域知识和实践经验, 并接受感官功能测试、方法培训、产品知识培训及定期能力评估评审员组成, 以确保评价的客观性、准确性、一致性和可重复性, 具体评价内容包括樱桃番茄的外观、形态、气味3方面, 采用百分制进行分级评定, 其中外观占30分、形态占40分、气味占30分; 最后根据评分得到5个等级结果, 具体评判标准见表1
(2)质量损失率的测定
质量损失率的测定采用称质量法[13], 通过公式(1)计算每组樱桃番茄的质量损失率。
$\text { 质量损失率 } /\%=\frac{\text { 初始质量 } /\mathrm{g}-\text { 测定时质量 } /\mathrm{g}}{\text { 初始质量 } /\mathrm{g}} \times 100 \%$
(3)硬度变化的测定
硬度的变化通过GY-3型果实硬度计进行测定, 参照曹建康等[14]的方法, 测定樱桃番茄赤道位置的硬度, 每组试验重复3次。
(4)可溶性固形物含量的测定
SSC质量分数测定依据CAI等[15]的方法, 使用PAL-1型折光仪进行测定。
(5)乙烯释放量测定
乙烯释放量的测定参考张悦等[12]和陈洪彬等[16]的方法, 并进行适当调整。每组试验取15颗樱桃番茄, 平均分成3组进行测定。具体操作如下: 称量樱桃番茄质量后置于密封箱中, (20±1) ℃密闭保存2 h, 再使用SKY6000-C2H4型泵吸式乙烯检测仪测定密封箱中乙烯含量。乙烯释放量以每小时每千克樱桃番茄释放的乙烯体积表示。乙烯释放量计算如公式(2)。
$\text { 乙烯释放量/}[\mu \mathrm{L} /(\mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{~h})]=\frac{c \times V}{m \times t \times 1000}$
式中: c为便携式乙烯气体测定仪测定的乙烯含量, μL/L; V为密封容器体积, mL; t为测定时间, h; m为样品质量, kg。
(6) POD活力测定
POD活力测定参照张悦等[12]和郁杰等[17]的愈创木酚法进行测定。以37 ℃条件下, 每克组织每分钟催化1 μg底物的酶量表示为一个酶活力单位(U/g FW)。
(7) DPPH自由基清除率
DPPH自由基清除率测定参考张悦等[12]和YANG等[18]方法。
数据预处理使用Excel 2020进行, 采用SPSS Statistics 26软件对预处理后的数据进行单因素方差分析, P<0.05表示差异显著, 并采用Origin Pro 2021软件绘制相关图表。
感官评分可以直观地表现樱桃番茄贮藏期内的感官品质[19], 由图1可以看出, CK组樱桃番茄在贮藏初期和复合保鲜剂处理组的感官评分差别较小, 而在6 d后, CK组樱桃番茄感官评分明显低于复合保鲜剂处理组。从图1可以看出, 在贮藏9 d时, CK组樱桃番茄色泽发黑, 暗淡无光泽, 部分樱桃番茄开始发生褐变, 此时樱桃番茄的感官评分为67.7分, 而复合保鲜剂处理组的樱桃番茄仍外表有光泽, 其中1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA处理组感官评分最高, 贮藏9 d时, 其感官评分比为89.5分, 在贮藏12 d时, CK组樱桃番茄失去了商品价值(感官评分<60分), 而1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA处理组感官评分为85.6分, 1-MCP结合PA复合保鲜剂处理的樱桃番茄在贮藏中后期感官评分下降缓慢, 复合保鲜剂处理的樱桃番茄贮藏12 d时仍然具有商品价值。
樱桃番茄机体内水分占比能达到70%, 水分流失使得其果皮在贮藏过程中容易发生皱缩现象, 伴随着果实失重率的上升。从图2可以看出, 樱桃番茄贮藏过程中果实失重率先缓慢上升, 在6~9 d内迅速上升, 此时是樱桃番茄呼吸跃变期, 果实蒸腾和呼吸代谢持续进行, 其失水失重也越明显。由图分析可知, 贮藏9 d时, 0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA、0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA、1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA 3个复合处理组的失重率低于CK组, 但差异不明显(P>0.05), 而1.0 μL/L1-MCP+0.10% PA处理组樱桃番茄的失重率显著低于CK组(P<0.05), 贮藏12 d时, 0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA、1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA、1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA处理组的樱桃番茄失重率均显著低于CK组(P<0.05), 其中1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA处理组失重率最低, 为0.93%, 说明复合保鲜剂对贮藏期樱桃番茄质量保持起到了积极作用。
贮藏过程中, 随着樱桃番茄果实的原果胶逐渐转化为果胶和果胶酸, 细胞的完整性也遭受破坏, 使其硬度逐渐下降, 发生品质劣变[20]。如图3所示, CK组样本果实硬度在贮藏6 d后迅速下降, 而复合保鲜剂处理组樱桃番茄果实硬度下降缓慢, 在贮藏中后期6~12 d内, 1-MCP结合PA保鲜剂处理组樱桃番茄的硬度显著高于CK组(P<0.05), 这说明1-MCP结合PA处理, 可以显著减缓贮藏中后期樱桃番茄果实的硬度变化。其中1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA处理维持樱桃番茄果实的硬度最好, 为5.04 kg/cm2。这也表明复合保鲜剂处理可以较好的维持樱桃番茄果实的硬度。
樱桃番茄贮藏过程中的SSC含量可以用来衡量樱桃番茄品质的变化, 是衡量樱桃番茄中营养成分的重要指标[21], 同时也是决定樱桃番茄风味的重要物质[22]。从图4可以看出, 樱桃番茄贮藏过程中前期(0~6 d) SSC含量变化不大, 而在后期(6~12 d)下降较快, 这是由于贮藏中后期, 果实的呼吸作用会不断的分解糖类物质为机体提供生理活动能量, 从而使SSC含量逐渐下降。整体而言贮藏过程中, 复合保鲜剂处理组的樱桃番茄SSC含量高于CK组, 特别是贮藏9 d时, 复合保鲜剂处理组SSC含量显著高于CK组(P<0.05), 其中1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA处理组显著高于0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA和1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA处理组(P<0.05), 贮藏12 d时, 1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA处理组樱桃番茄SSC含量为8.4%, 比CK组樱桃番茄的SSC含量高2.2%, 该结果也证明复合保鲜剂处理可以减缓樱桃番茄SSC含量的降低, 对品质保持具有积极作用。
图5可以看出, CK组樱桃番茄在贮藏第9 d时有一个明显的乙烯释放量高峰, 而复合保鲜剂处理组显著降低了樱桃番茄的乙烯释放量(P<0.05), 且在贮藏9 d时, 1-MCP浓度较高的复合保鲜剂处理组(1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA处理组、1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA)乙烯释放量低于1-MCP浓度较低的低浓度复合保鲜剂处理组(0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA、0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA)处理组, 但整体差异不显著(P>0.05)。贮藏末期12 d时, 1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA处理组樱桃番茄的乙烯释放量最低, 为0.4398 μL/(kg·h), 显著低于CK组(P<0.05), 相较于CK组低44.9%, 该研究结果也证明1-MCP对乙烯的释放具有较明显的抑制作用。
图6A可以看出, 樱桃番茄在贮藏过程中POD活力经历了先增加后减弱的变化过程, 在贮藏6 d时, 樱桃番茄的POD活力达到最大值, 但在整个贮藏过程中, 复合保鲜剂处理组樱桃番茄的POD活力显著高于CK组(P<0.05), 贮藏6 d后, CK组樱桃番茄POD活力开始迅速下降, 而复合保鲜剂处理组樱桃番茄的POD活力维持较高水平, 贮藏12 d时, 1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA处理组樱桃番茄的POD活力为96.9 U/g FW显著高于0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA和0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA处理组(P<0.05), 与1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA处理组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。整体来看, 1-MCP结合PA复合保鲜剂处理显著提升了樱桃番茄贮藏期内的POD活力, 有利于减弱果实的膜脂质过氧化作用, 抑制果实细胞内的活性氧积累, 从而延缓了樱桃番茄果实品质的降低。
樱桃番茄中含有丰富的酚类和类黄酮类化合物[23], 通过DPPH自由基清除率可以展示酚类物质的含量, 从而对樱桃番茄品质进行评价。如图6B所示, 在贮藏过程中, 各组樱桃番茄DPPH自由基清除率均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势, 然而CK组樱桃番茄在贮藏6 d后DPPH自由基清除率即开始下降, 而复合处理组樱桃番茄的DPPH自由基清除率在9 d后开始降低, 这说明1-MCP结合PA处理延缓了樱桃番茄的DPPH自由基清除率的降低, 使得樱桃番茄在贮藏中后期仍保持较高的抗氧化性。贮藏9 d时, 0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA、0.8 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA、1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.05% PA、1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA处理组樱桃番茄的DPPH自由基清除率分别为: 82.3%、83.1%、84.0%、86.7%, 显著高于CK组(P<0.05), 但各处理组之间不存在明显差异。随着贮藏时间的延长, 在12 d时, 1.0 μL/L1-MCP+0.10% PA处理组樱桃番茄的DPPH自由基清除率为82.60%显著高于其余处理组(P<0.05)。
本研究采用1-MCP与PA复合处理樱桃番茄维持了果实硬度和SSC水平, 降低了失重率和乙烯释放量, 提升了POD活性, 明显延长了樱桃番茄的货架期。在果蔬采后保鲜过程中, 乙烯和氧化反应严重影响果实的品质。乙烯释放量的增加会提高细胞壁降解酶的活性, 加速细胞壁的水解从而导致樱桃番茄的硬度降低[24], 同时乙烯会促进呼吸跃变型果蔬的呼吸高峰的出现增强植物组织的呼吸强度, 导致SSC含量降低, 降低乙烯的释放量可以维持樱桃番茄的硬度与SSC含量水平。在植物体内乙烯的生物合成主要是依赖1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(1-amino-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, ACC)和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸氧化酶(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, ACO)的活性催化, 首先甲硫氨酸通过S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶(S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, SAMS)转化为S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(S-adenosyl methionine, SAM), 随后SAM在ACC合成酶的作用下转化为ACC, 最终ACC被ACC氧化酶氧化成乙烯[25], 而1-MCP可以通过与乙烯受体结合抑制乙烯信号传导相关的基因表达, 从而减少乙烯的生物合成, 防止乙烯诱导的收获后损失[26]
樱桃番茄是一种典型的呼吸跃变型果实, 较高的呼吸作用会导致活性氧的增加, 另外在果蔬的采后贮藏期间, 生物胁迫和非生物胁迫也会导致植物体内活性氧失去平衡, 造成细胞膜的氧化损伤, 加速果实的衰老和劣变[27]。植物细胞具有复杂的抗氧化机制, 由多种抗氧化酶和非酶抗氧化剂共同构成[28], 该机制能够有效清除活性氧包括过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子, 从而维持细胞内氧化还原反应的平衡。其中, 过POD作为植物清除活性氧的关键酶[29], 通过催化H2O2分解为水(H2O)和氧气(O2)[30], 能显著抑制活性氧在植物体内的积累。植酸作为一种高效的抗氧化剂, 因其含有众多磷酸基团, 使其具备显著螯合能力, 可以与促进氧化的金属离子进行螯合作用, 进而实现抗氧化功能[31], 该特性使其在果蔬保鲜中得到广泛应用。
此外1-MCP与植酸具有协同作用, 铜离子在植物体内是一种必需的微量过渡金属, 是许多酶和电子传递体的关键辅助因子, 乙烯受体在结合铜离子时才能正常感知乙烯, 从而传递信号[32], 植酸螯合铜离子后使乙烯受体的功能不能正常发挥, 从而减少乙烯的生物合成, 减轻乙烯释放量增加带来的不良影响。1-MCP与植酸复合处理既可以增强对乙烯生成的抑制作用, 可以显著降低果实的呼吸强度, 抑制细胞壁降解酶的活性, 维持果实的硬度以及SSC水平, 也可以维持樱桃番茄初期的感官上软硬适度, 植酸还具有抗氧化的能力, 能够抑制多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性, 减少活性氧的产生和积累进而有效抑制果实表面的褐变和风味的劣变。
本研究结果表明, 采用1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA复合处理在多个关键指标上展现出显著优势, 该处理有效降低了失重率和乙烯的释放量, 维持了较高的SSC, 且POD活力和抗氧化能力均优于对照组。张慧丽等[33]使用纸片型1-MCP处理水蜜桃能够增强ROS清除能力, 增强水蜜桃的耐贮藏性。JIANG等[34]使用植酸处理对紫背天葵增强POD和SOD活性, 提高紫背天竺葵抗氧化能力从而延长贮藏期。这与本研究结果趋势一致。另外, 李振等[35]使用1-MCP结合茶多酚处理蕨菜也具有延缓蕨菜老化褐变的效果。相比于以上研究, 本研究选用樱桃番茄作为研究对象, 樱桃番茄作为一种常见的果蔬研究其采后保鲜具有重要的实际意义。采用1-MCP熏蒸以及喷涂PA的处理方法可以使保鲜剂更加均匀的覆盖在樱桃番茄表面得使保鲜效果更显著, 利用1-MCP与PA的协同作用既有对乙烯生物合成的抑制又具有一定的抗氧化能力使得保鲜效果优于单一保鲜剂处理。与李振等采用1-MCP结合茶多酚处理蕨菜研究相比, 本研究中使用1-MCP结合植酸更加经济, 成本更低, 更有利于生产的普及。
1-MCP是一种植物调节剂, PA是一种食品添加剂, 均无毒且具有良好的降解性, 对环境十分友好, 本研究使用1-MCP与PA保鲜只需要熏蒸和喷涂处理, 操作简单, 虽然1-MCP的单价对比其他保鲜剂价格稍高, 但与植酸复合处理可以减少1-MCP的用量, 可以大大降低保鲜处理的原料成本和人工成本。PA处理樱桃番茄过程中使用喷涂, 但在实际加工过程中不一定适用于所有果蔬, 例如在处理甘蓝等蔬菜时使用喷涂可能无法使PA均匀覆盖在表面, 要根据果蔬的特征选择合适的处理方法。
本研究针对樱桃番茄贮藏过程中易发生腐烂变质的问题, 创新性的将具有两种功能的保鲜剂(1-MCP和PA)组合对樱桃番茄进行处理, 并系统评估了其在常温储存过程中樱桃番茄的各项品质指标及抗氧化能力的变化, 结果显示1.0 μL/L 1-MCP+0.10% PA的复合处理可以显著提高樱桃番茄的贮藏品质, 延缓果实的衰老进程, 进一步保持樱桃番茄的商品价值, 延长樱桃番茄的贮藏期。该研究为保鲜剂的复合使用提供了技术参考, 也为果蔬保鲜供重要的理论支撑和实践指导。然而, 本研究也对于1-MCP和PA复合处理的分子机制研究不够深入, 未来研究可以进一步探讨其在细胞和分子水平上的作用机制。
  • 国家重点研发计划专项(2019YFC1605600)
  • 北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230309)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310005
  • 接收时间:2025-03-10
  • 首发时间:2025-07-15
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10
基金
国家重点研发计划专项(2019YFC1605600)
北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230309)
作者信息
    1.北京市农林科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所, 北京 100097
    2.农业部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(北京), 北京 100097
    3.河北北方学院农林科技学院, 张家口 075000

通讯作者:

* 李安(1985—), 男, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:
赵杰(1986—), 男, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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