Article(id=1151881494349312757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250319002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742313600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752559549176, onlineDateStr=2025-07-15, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752559549176, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752559549176, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752559549176, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151881493552394994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752559548986, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756202008453, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167159075906265916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167159075906265917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=19, endPage=27, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151923893725393559, articleId=1151881494349312757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Antioxidant properties and fatty acid content of walnut oil from different matrices based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, columnId=1151881695071924743, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Highlight: The 9th Academic Conference Papers on Food Quality, Safety and Intelligent Testing, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the antioxidant effects and fatty acid content of walnut oil derived from different substrates. Methods Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the fatty acid content in walnut oil and unqualified walnut oil at different pressing temperatures. Single variable control method was used to study the antioxidant effects of walnut oil with different air content. After adding a complex of natural antioxidants, fat soluble rosemary at 0.04 g/100 g and vitamin E at 0.1 g/100 g, 2 sets of experiments were conducted. The first set contained 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mL oil samples in 500 mL glass bottles, while the second set contained 100 mL oil samples in 100, 250 and 500 mL glass bottles. The samples were rapidly oxidized in a constant temperature drying oven at 63 ℃±1 ℃ and kept at that temperature for 70 days. The aroma, taste, peroxide value and acid value of the oil samples were measured every 10 days. Results The fatty acids in walnut oil were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. The content of fatty acids varies with storage time and pressing temperature, and the unqualified oil sample didn’t contain oleic acid. The walnut oil pressure pressing temperature of 130-140 ℃ had the best quality. The 2 sets of experiments had confirmed that walnut oil with lower air content could be stored for a longer period of time, up to a maximum of 100 days. Conclusion The less contact with air during storage or the decrease in the ratio of initial air volume to initial oil sample volume, the longer the shelf life. The conduct of this study provides a reference for the storage conditions of walnut oil.

, correspAuthors=Kong YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wen-Fang YAN, Kong YANG, Yu-Xin ZHANG, Hai-Ying YANG, Ze-Qian SONG, Yu-Fen PAN, Yong WU, Ting LI, Heng LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151923912415211886, articleId=1151881494349312757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=基于气相色谱-质谱法分析不同基质核桃油抗氧化性及脂肪酸含量, columnId=1151881695206142473, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专栏:第九届食品质量安全与智能检测学术会议论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究不同基质核桃油抗氧化效果及脂肪酸含量。方法 采用气相色谱-质谱仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)对不同压榨温度的核桃油和不合格核桃油中脂肪酸含量进行分析。控制单一变量法对不同空气含量的核桃油抗氧化效果进行研究。添加复配天然抗氧化剂脂溶性迷迭香0.04 g/100 g、维生素E 0.1 g/100 g后, 做两组实验, 第一组分别将100、200、300、400、500 mL油样装于500 mL玻璃瓶中, 第二组将100 mL油样分别装入100、250、500 mL的玻璃瓶中, 于63 ℃±1 ℃的恒温干燥箱中快速氧化, 保温70 d, 每10 d测定油样香气和滋味、过氧化值和酸价。结果 核桃油中脂肪酸分别为棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、油酸, 脂肪酸含量随着保存时间和压榨温度的变化而变化, 不合格油样中不含油酸, 通过对脂肪酸种类及含量分析得出压榨温度130~140 ℃品质最佳。通过两组实验验证了空气含量越低的核桃油, 储存时间越长, 最多可延长到100 d。结论 保存过程中与空气接触越少或初始空气体积:初始油样体积比值的减小, 保质期越长。该研究的进行为核桃油的储存条件提供参考。

, correspAuthors=杨孔, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 杨孔(1995—), 男, 助教, 主要研究方向为天然产物化学及生物活性研究。E-mail:
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严文芳(1975—), 女, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品分析与检验技术、食品质量安全检验技术。E-mail:

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严文芳(1975—), 女, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品分析与检验技术、食品质量安全检验技术。E-mail:

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Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2017, 38(24): 53-57., articleTitle=37 fatty acid methyl esters separation with different chromatographic columns under optimal condition, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1167158767574593987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, awardId=20232904C030009, language=CN, fundingSource=大理州科技计划项目“创新引导与科技型企业培训计划”专项(20232904C030009), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167158763199934817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167158763208323426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, companyId=1167158763199934817, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Institute of Health Science and Technology, Dianxi University of Applied Sciences, Dali 671006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167158763380289897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, companyId=1167158763363512679, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.滇西应用技术大学健康科技学院, 大理 671006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167158763430621546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167158763439010155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, companyId=1167158763430621546, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167158763447398764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, companyId=1167158763430621546, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.大理大学药学院, 大理 671000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167158766177890722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Linear relationship between the initial volume ratio of air to oil sample and the peroxide value during the insulation process (yk-1-yk-6), figureFileSmall=3RD9n/Cy2rAcnb3R8An/Gg==, figureFileBig=OvPfeiL+1eHGVM5vI+bknw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158766236610979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=CN, label=图1, caption=初始空气与初始油样体积比值和保温过程中过氧化值线性关系(yk-1~yk-6), figureFileSmall=3RD9n/Cy2rAcnb3R8An/Gg==, figureFileBig=OvPfeiL+1eHGVM5vI+bknw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158766303719844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Linear relationship between the initial volume ratio of air to oil sample and the peroxide value during the insulation process (yk-6-yk-8), figureFileSmall=Gx8nEoy8DzSLVPfWl2eSdA==, figureFileBig=fW3ATUSyb8GKhGwPpc35jQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158766362440101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=CN, label=图2, caption=初始空气与初始油样体积比值和保温过程中过氧化值线性关系(yk-6~yk-8), figureFileSmall=Gx8nEoy8DzSLVPfWl2eSdA==, figureFileBig=fW3ATUSyb8GKhGwPpc35jQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158766416966054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different pressing temperatures on the fatty acid content of walnut oil, figureFileSmall=W4Dr+wgWgNWZbAakcdlwRg==, figureFileBig=W6IJkJ07tEAhW80WPhBXzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158766471492008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同压榨温度对核桃油脂肪酸含量的影响, figureFileSmall=W4Dr+wgWgNWZbAakcdlwRg==, figureFileBig=W6IJkJ07tEAhW80WPhBXzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158766538600874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Total ion current chromatogram diagram of sample wf-2, figureFileSmall=fh9z1ppROHCbSTjKUao0Zg==, figureFileBig=OkF/DwBWuq4IArqBg2WTag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158766614098349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=CN, label=图4, caption=样品wf-2总离子流图, figureFileSmall=fh9z1ppROHCbSTjKUao0Zg==, figureFileBig=OkF/DwBWuq4IArqBg2WTag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158766685401519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Total ion current chromatogram diagram of sample wf-12, figureFileSmall=n3PNTjfEg2UQ6IVImgUPaQ==, figureFileBig=ys3gKl4fjyKr7aDRPr8YoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158766748316081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=CN, label=图5, caption=样品wf-12总离子流图, figureFileSmall=n3PNTjfEg2UQ6IVImgUPaQ==, figureFileBig=ys3gKl4fjyKr7aDRPr8YoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167158766811230643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Relationship between the number of days of heat preservation for walnut oil of varying volumes in glass bottles of the same capacity and the peroxide value (g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 保温天数
0 d 10 d 20 d 30 d 40 d 50 d 60 d 70 d 80 d 90 d 100 d 105 d
yk-1 0.03 0.11 0.41 0.50 0.59 0.76 0.92 1.20 - - - -
yk-2 0.03 0.08 0.20 0.22 0.31 0.35 0.41 0.52 - - - -
yk-3 0.03 0.66 0.15 0.16 0.22 0.27 0.30 0.36 - - - -
yk-4 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.21 - - -
yk-5 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.17 0.21
), ArticleFig(id=1167158766907699636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

相同容积玻璃瓶加入不同体积的核桃油保温天数与过氧化值的关系(g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 保温天数
0 d 10 d 20 d 30 d 40 d 50 d 60 d 70 d 80 d 90 d 100 d 105 d
yk-1 0.03 0.11 0.41 0.50 0.59 0.76 0.92 1.20 - - - -
yk-2 0.03 0.08 0.20 0.22 0.31 0.35 0.41 0.52 - - - -
yk-3 0.03 0.66 0.15 0.16 0.22 0.27 0.30 0.36 - - - -
yk-4 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.21 - - -
yk-5 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.17 0.21
), ArticleFig(id=1167158766983197109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Relationship between the number of days of heat preservation and peroxide value of walnut oil with the same volume added to glass bottles of different volumes (g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 保温天数
0 d 10 d 20 d 30 d 40 d 50 d 60 d 70 d
yk-6 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.17 0.20
yk-7 0.03 0.06 0.20 0.30 0.42 0.53 0.71 0.93
yk-8 0.03 0.09 0.38 0.46 0.55 0.67 0.74 0.97
), ArticleFig(id=1167158767054500278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同容积玻璃瓶加入同体积的核桃油保温天数与过氧化值的关系(g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 保温天数
0 d 10 d 20 d 30 d 40 d 50 d 60 d 70 d
yk-6 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.17 0.20
yk-7 0.03 0.06 0.20 0.30 0.42 0.53 0.71 0.93
yk-8 0.03 0.09 0.38 0.46 0.55 0.67 0.74 0.97
), ArticleFig(id=1167158767129997751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Composition analysis of qualified walnut oil samples before insulation (120-160 ℃)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 化学成分 分子式 CAS号 wf-1
(120 ℃)
wf-2
(130 ℃)
wf-3
(140 ℃)
wf-4
(150 ℃)
wf-5
(160 ℃)
wf-6
(130 ℃)
峰面积比/%
1 1-十八烯 C18H36 000112-88-9 10.90 - - - - -
2 9-芴酮 C13H8O 000486-25-9 1.59 - - - - -
3 C14H10 000085-01-8 5.38 - - - - -
4 C14H10 000120-12-7 2.56 - - - - -
5 二苯乙炔 C14H10 000501-65-5 0.65 - - - - -
6 1-甲基蒽 C15H12 000610-48-0 0.88 - - - - -
7 9-亚甲基-9-芴 C14H10 004425-82-5 - - - 0.97 - -
8 棕榈酸甲酯 C17H34O2 000112-39-0 2.37 4.01 5.05 4.75 5.87 4.92
9 棕榈酸乙酯 C18H36O2 000628-97-7 - 2.13 1.03 1.26 - 0.96
10 荧蒽 C16H10 000206-44-0 5.82 - - - - -
11 10,13-亚油酸甲酯 C19H34O2 056554-62-2 - - - 41.69 - -
12 顺亚油酸乙酯 C19H34O2 000112-63-0 20.20 36.77 47.58 - 57.07 46.58
13 反-9-亚油酸甲酯 C19H36O2 001937-62-8 16.97 24.75 27.20 29.22 33.21 29.55
14 硬脂酸甲酯 C19H38O2 000112-61-8 - 1.14 1.41 1.26 - 1.42
15 亚油酸乙酯 C20H36O2 000544-35-4 - 17.62 9.25 7.86 - -
16 反油酸乙酯 C20H38O2 006114-18-7 - 12.02 - - - 9.74
17 异硬脂酸甲酯 C19H38O2 005129-61-3 0.86 - - - - -
18 7-十五炔 C15H12 022089-89-0 1.00 - - - - -
19 油酸乙酯 C20H38O2 000111-62-6 - - 6.42 2.52 1.49 6.83
20 2,2’-亚甲基双(4-叔丁基对甲酚) C23H32O2 000119-47-1 1.94 1.50 2.06 2.52 2.36 -
合计 71.13 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1167158767234855352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

核桃油保温前合格样品成分分析(120~160 ℃)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 化学成分 分子式 CAS号 wf-1
(120 ℃)
wf-2
(130 ℃)
wf-3
(140 ℃)
wf-4
(150 ℃)
wf-5
(160 ℃)
wf-6
(130 ℃)
峰面积比/%
1 1-十八烯 C18H36 000112-88-9 10.90 - - - - -
2 9-芴酮 C13H8O 000486-25-9 1.59 - - - - -
3 C14H10 000085-01-8 5.38 - - - - -
4 C14H10 000120-12-7 2.56 - - - - -
5 二苯乙炔 C14H10 000501-65-5 0.65 - - - - -
6 1-甲基蒽 C15H12 000610-48-0 0.88 - - - - -
7 9-亚甲基-9-芴 C14H10 004425-82-5 - - - 0.97 - -
8 棕榈酸甲酯 C17H34O2 000112-39-0 2.37 4.01 5.05 4.75 5.87 4.92
9 棕榈酸乙酯 C18H36O2 000628-97-7 - 2.13 1.03 1.26 - 0.96
10 荧蒽 C16H10 000206-44-0 5.82 - - - - -
11 10,13-亚油酸甲酯 C19H34O2 056554-62-2 - - - 41.69 - -
12 顺亚油酸乙酯 C19H34O2 000112-63-0 20.20 36.77 47.58 - 57.07 46.58
13 反-9-亚油酸甲酯 C19H36O2 001937-62-8 16.97 24.75 27.20 29.22 33.21 29.55
14 硬脂酸甲酯 C19H38O2 000112-61-8 - 1.14 1.41 1.26 - 1.42
15 亚油酸乙酯 C20H36O2 000544-35-4 - 17.62 9.25 7.86 - -
16 反油酸乙酯 C20H38O2 006114-18-7 - 12.02 - - - 9.74
17 异硬脂酸甲酯 C19H38O2 005129-61-3 0.86 - - - - -
18 7-十五炔 C15H12 022089-89-0 1.00 - - - - -
19 油酸乙酯 C20H38O2 000111-62-6 - - 6.42 2.52 1.49 6.83
20 2,2’-亚甲基双(4-叔丁基对甲酚) C23H32O2 000119-47-1 1.94 1.50 2.06 2.52 2.36 -
合计 71.13 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1167158767322935740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Composition analysis of unqualified walnut oil samples after being incubated with different substrates

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 化学成分 分子式 CAS号 wf-7 wf-8 wf-9 wf-10 wf-11 wf-12
峰面积比/%
1 棕榈酸甲酯 C17H34O2 000112-39-0 5.54 5.02 5.22 5.23 4.71 -
2 环己基甲基二甲氧基硅烷 C9H20O2Si 017865-32-6 - - - - - 1.28
3 11,14-亚油酸甲酯 C19H34O2 056554-61-1 - - - 50.82 - -
4 14-甲基十五酸甲酯 C17H34O2 005129-60-2 - - - - - 5.30
5 十四甲基环庚硅氧烷 C14H56O7Si7 000107-50-6 - 2.46 - - 2.05 -
6 9,12-亚油酸甲酯 C19H34O2 000112-63-0 - 42.18 - - - 52.57
7 8,11-亚油酸甲酯 C19H34O2 056599-58-7 - - - - 44.98 -
8 10,13-亚油酸甲酯 C19H34O2 056554-62-2 51.29 - 51.38 - - -
9 反亚油酸甲酯 C19H36O2 001937-62-8 38.96 31.73 41.80 38.01 33.19 39.45
10 异硬脂酸甲酯 C19H38O2 005129-61-3 1.54 1.12 1.61 - - -
11 1-亚油酸单甘油酯 C21H38O4 002277-28-3 - 1.30 - - - -
12 7-甲基-2,4-辛二烯 C9H16 037050-05-8 1.46 - - - - -
13 13-十八烯醛 C18H34O 058594-45-9 1.21 - - - - -
14 硬脂酸甲酯 C19H38O2 000112-61-8 - - - 1.49 1.26 1.40
15 亚油酸乙酯 C20H36O2 000544-35-4 - - - 1.74 1.33 -
合计 100.00 83.81 100.00 97.28 87.52 100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1167158767415210432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881494349312757, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同基质核桃油保温后不合格样品成分分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 化学成分 分子式 CAS号 wf-7 wf-8 wf-9 wf-10 wf-11 wf-12
峰面积比/%
1 棕榈酸甲酯 C17H34O2 000112-39-0 5.54 5.02 5.22 5.23 4.71 -
2 环己基甲基二甲氧基硅烷 C9H20O2Si 017865-32-6 - - - - - 1.28
3 11,14-亚油酸甲酯 C19H34O2 056554-61-1 - - - 50.82 - -
4 14-甲基十五酸甲酯 C17H34O2 005129-60-2 - - - - - 5.30
5 十四甲基环庚硅氧烷 C14H56O7Si7 000107-50-6 - 2.46 - - 2.05 -
6 9,12-亚油酸甲酯 C19H34O2 000112-63-0 - 42.18 - - - 52.57
7 8,11-亚油酸甲酯 C19H34O2 056599-58-7 - - - - 44.98 -
8 10,13-亚油酸甲酯 C19H34O2 056554-62-2 51.29 - 51.38 - - -
9 反亚油酸甲酯 C19H36O2 001937-62-8 38.96 31.73 41.80 38.01 33.19 39.45
10 异硬脂酸甲酯 C19H38O2 005129-61-3 1.54 1.12 1.61 - - -
11 1-亚油酸单甘油酯 C21H38O4 002277-28-3 - 1.30 - - - -
12 7-甲基-2,4-辛二烯 C9H16 037050-05-8 1.46 - - - - -
13 13-十八烯醛 C18H34O 058594-45-9 1.21 - - - - -
14 硬脂酸甲酯 C19H38O2 000112-61-8 - - - 1.49 1.26 1.40
15 亚油酸乙酯 C20H36O2 000544-35-4 - - - 1.74 1.33 -
合计 100.00 83.81 100.00 97.28 87.52 100.00
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基于气相色谱-质谱法分析不同基质核桃油抗氧化性及脂肪酸含量
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严文芳 1 , 杨孔 1, * , 张玉信 1 , 杨海英 2 , 宋泽倩 3 , 盘玉芬 3 , 武勇 3 , 李婷 3 , 刘衡 4
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专栏:第九届食品质量安全与智能检测学术会议论文 2025,16(10): 19-27
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专栏:第九届食品质量安全与智能检测学术会议论文 2025, 16(10): 19-27
基于气相色谱-质谱法分析不同基质核桃油抗氧化性及脂肪酸含量
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严文芳1 , 杨孔1, * , 张玉信1, 杨海英2, 宋泽倩3, 盘玉芬3, 武勇3, 李婷3, 刘衡4
作者信息
  • 1.大理农林职业技术学院工程学院, 大理 671003
  • 2.云南民族大学化学与环境学院, 昆明 650500
  • 3.滇西应用技术大学健康科技学院, 大理 671006
  • 4.大理大学药学院, 大理 671000
  • 严文芳(1975—), 女, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品分析与检验技术、食品质量安全检验技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 杨孔(1995—), 男, 助教, 主要研究方向为天然产物化学及生物活性研究。E-mail:
Antioxidant properties and fatty acid content of walnut oil from different matrices based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis
Wen-Fang YAN1 , Kong YANG1, * , Yu-Xin ZHANG1, Hai-Ying YANG2, Ze-Qian SONG3, Yu-Fen PAN3, Yong WU3, Ting LI3, Heng LIU4
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Engineering, Dali Agricultural and Forestry Vocational and Technical College, Dali 671003, China
  • 2. College of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
  • 3. Institute of Health Science and Technology, Dianxi University of Applied Sciences, Dali 671006, China
  • 4. College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250319002
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目的 探究不同基质核桃油抗氧化效果及脂肪酸含量。方法 采用气相色谱-质谱仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)对不同压榨温度的核桃油和不合格核桃油中脂肪酸含量进行分析。控制单一变量法对不同空气含量的核桃油抗氧化效果进行研究。添加复配天然抗氧化剂脂溶性迷迭香0.04 g/100 g、维生素E 0.1 g/100 g后, 做两组实验, 第一组分别将100、200、300、400、500 mL油样装于500 mL玻璃瓶中, 第二组将100 mL油样分别装入100、250、500 mL的玻璃瓶中, 于63 ℃±1 ℃的恒温干燥箱中快速氧化, 保温70 d, 每10 d测定油样香气和滋味、过氧化值和酸价。结果 核桃油中脂肪酸分别为棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、油酸, 脂肪酸含量随着保存时间和压榨温度的变化而变化, 不合格油样中不含油酸, 通过对脂肪酸种类及含量分析得出压榨温度130~140 ℃品质最佳。通过两组实验验证了空气含量越低的核桃油, 储存时间越长, 最多可延长到100 d。结论 保存过程中与空气接触越少或初始空气体积:初始油样体积比值的减小, 保质期越长。该研究的进行为核桃油的储存条件提供参考。

核桃油  /  气相色谱-质谱法  /  空气含量  /  抗氧化

Objective To explore the antioxidant effects and fatty acid content of walnut oil derived from different substrates. Methods Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the fatty acid content in walnut oil and unqualified walnut oil at different pressing temperatures. Single variable control method was used to study the antioxidant effects of walnut oil with different air content. After adding a complex of natural antioxidants, fat soluble rosemary at 0.04 g/100 g and vitamin E at 0.1 g/100 g, 2 sets of experiments were conducted. The first set contained 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mL oil samples in 500 mL glass bottles, while the second set contained 100 mL oil samples in 100, 250 and 500 mL glass bottles. The samples were rapidly oxidized in a constant temperature drying oven at 63 ℃±1 ℃ and kept at that temperature for 70 days. The aroma, taste, peroxide value and acid value of the oil samples were measured every 10 days. Results The fatty acids in walnut oil were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. The content of fatty acids varies with storage time and pressing temperature, and the unqualified oil sample didn’t contain oleic acid. The walnut oil pressure pressing temperature of 130-140 ℃ had the best quality. The 2 sets of experiments had confirmed that walnut oil with lower air content could be stored for a longer period of time, up to a maximum of 100 days. Conclusion The less contact with air during storage or the decrease in the ratio of initial air volume to initial oil sample volume, the longer the shelf life. The conduct of this study provides a reference for the storage conditions of walnut oil.

walnut oil  /  gas chromatography-mass spectrometry  /  air content  /  antioxidant
严文芳, 杨孔, 张玉信, 杨海英, 宋泽倩, 盘玉芬, 武勇, 李婷, 刘衡. 基于气相色谱-质谱法分析不同基质核桃油抗氧化性及脂肪酸含量. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (10) : 19 -27 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250319002
Wen-Fang YAN, Kong YANG, Yu-Xin ZHANG, Hai-Ying YANG, Ze-Qian SONG, Yu-Fen PAN, Yong WU, Ting LI, Heng LIU. Antioxidant properties and fatty acid content of walnut oil from different matrices based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (10) : 19 -27 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250319002
云南作为中国核桃重要产区之一, 近几年种植产量占全国的40%, 大理、临沧、楚雄和保山4个州市占全省核桃栽培面积的64%, 其中大理漾濞的“漾濞泡核桃”品质优良, 主要以干果、核桃油、核桃酱等产业为主, 东方红“御福年”核桃油入选新华社民族品牌工程[1-3]。核桃油中不饱和脂肪酸含量高, 可结合现代分析技术核磁[4]、气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)[5]、紫外分光光度法[6]、红外光谱法[7]、高效液相色谱法[8]、指纹图谱结合化学计量学法[9]等对脂肪酸含量进行测定, 主要含有亚油酸、油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生四烯酸等, 具有丰富的营养价值[10-11]。核桃油的提取方法以液压冷榨法和超临界CO2萃取法为主[12], 还有水酶法、水代法、浸提法等[13]。核桃油存在着开封后食用不及时, 常温保存时易被氧化酸败, 出现哈辣味的问题, 既影响了食用, 又造成了资源浪费[14-15]。目前核桃油的抗氧化研究有添加天然的或者合成的抗氧化剂[16]、采用超高压结合热辅助处理[17]、酶膜反应器提取生物活性肽[18]、糖化豌豆分离蛋白-姜黄素偶联物[19]等都能不同程度的延长核桃油的货架期, 但在储存过程中依然存在着开封后易氧化、酸败、变质等问题。研究表明通过氮气处理隔绝空气能够保证核桃产品品质, 延长货架期[20]
为揭示核桃油贮藏时不同基质对核桃油氧化快慢的影响, 本研究选择大理漾濞“漾濞泡核桃”的核桃油进行快速氧化及脂肪酸含量的研究, 采用GC-MS对不同加工工艺、储存时间、保存方式、添加天然抗氧剂的核桃油进行分析, 进一步探究生产过程的最佳工艺和储存方式, 以期为核桃产业的可持续发展提供参考。
核桃油, 以干泡核桃仁为原料, 榨油机工作温度130 ℃时压榨得到, 贮存了6个月(样品存放于大理农林职业技术学院工程学院), 经大理州质量技术监督综合检测中心检验脂肪酸含量分别为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸; 脂溶性迷迭香(嘉合生物科技有限公司); 维生素E(浙江一诺生物科技有限公司)。
三氯甲烷、甲醇、石油醚、氢氧化钠、冰乙酸(分析纯)、重铬酸钾(优级纯)(四川西陇科学有限公司); 碘化钾(分析纯, 天津科密欧化学试剂有限公司); 无水乙醇(分析纯, 云南杨林工业开发园区汕滇药业有限公司); 五水合硫代硫酸钠、苯(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司)。
S01型韩皇榨油机(东都宝电器科技有限公司); HD1710型食用油灌装机(新向往机械有限公司); DHG-9240A电热鼓风干燥箱(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司); PX224ZH/E电子天平(精度0.0001 g, 奥豪斯仪器常州有限公司); 7890A GC/5975C MS型气相色谱仪-质谱联用仪[配有电子电离源(electron impact, EI)]、HP-5MS色谱柱(30 m× 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm)(美国Ailent Technologies公司)。
(1)相同容积玻璃瓶加入不同体积的核桃油
在核桃油中按最佳复配比例迷迭香0.04 g/100 g、维生素E 0.10 g/100 g添加制成油样[21], 于容积为510 mL玻璃油瓶中分别装入100、200、300、400、500 mL油样, 初始空气体积与初始油样体积比值为4.10:1、1.55:1、0.70:1、0.28:1、0.02:1(编号为yk-1~yk-5), 置于63 ℃±1 ℃的恒温干燥箱中进行快速氧化实验, 保温实验分两个阶段进行。第一阶段5个样品均保温70 d, 每10 d测定过氧化值、酸价和香气滋味。根据GB 5009.227—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中过氧化值的测定》、GB 5009.229—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中酸价的测定》、GB/T 5525—2008《植物油脂透明度、气味、滋味鉴定法》进行测定[22]。第二阶段将保温70 d仍合格的样品继续实验, 当指标不合格时停止该样品的保温实验。研究分析不同容积玻璃瓶与相同油样的过氧化值, 根据初始空气体积与初始油样体积比值和保温天数绘制线性关系, 通过回归方程可计算样品的过氧化值, 进一步计算5个样品过氧化值指标每天的增加值。
(2)不同容积玻璃瓶中加入相同体积的核桃油
在核桃油中按最佳复配比例添加天然抗氧化剂制成油样, 于容积为110、260、510 mL的玻璃油瓶中分别装入100 mL油样, 初始空气体积与初始油样体积比值为0.10:1、1.60:1、4.10:1(编号为yk-6~yk-8), 置于63 ℃±1 ℃的恒温干燥箱中进行快速氧化实验, 保温实验分两个阶段进行。第一阶段3个样品均保温70 d, 每10 d测定过氧化值、酸价和香气滋味。第二阶段将保温70 d仍合格的样品继续实验, 当指标不合格时停止该样品的保温实验。研究分析不同容积玻璃瓶与相同油样的过氧化值, 根据初始空气体积与初始油样体积比值和保温天数绘制线性关系, 通过回归方程可计算样品的过氧化值, 进一步计算3个样品过氧化值指标每天的增加值。
根据过氧化值的测定, 当过氧化值小于等于0.20 g/100 g时, 样品为合格[22]
(1)保温前合格样品测定
将榨油机工作温度分别设定为120、130、140、150、160 ℃对核桃仁进行压榨工艺参数的研究, 得到5个核桃油样品(编号为wf-1~wf-5), 核桃油压榨时间为2024年6月15日。对照组为130 ℃压榨核桃油(编号为wf-6), 核桃油压榨时间为2023年12月16日。采用GC-MS分析, 对核桃油脂肪酸组分进行测定。
(2)保温后不合格样品测定
核桃油按照0.04 g/100 g的标准加入天然抗氧剂迷迭香油得到油样, 不同容积相同油样体积抗氧化实验[23]。分别在110、260、510 mL玻璃瓶中, 装入100 mL油样于63 ℃保温73 d(编号为wf-7~wf-9), 核桃油压榨时间为2023年12月16日。核桃油对照组将100 mL核桃油加入110 mL的玻璃瓶于63 ℃保温70 d(编号为wf-10), 核桃油压榨时间为2023年12月16日。维生素E对照组[24]将核桃油按照0.10 g/100 g的标准加入维生素E得到油样, 将100 mL油样加入110 mL的玻璃瓶于63 ℃保温70 d(编号为wf-11), 核桃油压榨时间为2024年6月15日。未添加抗氧剂的核桃油(编号为wf-12), 压榨温度为130 ℃, 压榨时间为2024年6月15日。将上述在63 ℃±1 ℃保温实验中判定为不合格的样品进行GC-MS分析, 探究核桃油中脂肪酸的含量变化。
(3)样品甲酯化处理
取100 mg样品放入10 mL容量瓶内, 称样后进行快速甲酯化, 用1:1苯-石油醚2 mL, 快速溶解5~6 min, 再加入0.5 mol/L 氢氧化钠-甲醇溶液2 mL, 振摇后置于50 ℃水浴约15 min、取出后沿管壁加入蒸馏水使有机层上升至容量瓶颈部, 静置分层后, 再在上清液加几滴无水乙醇, 取上层清液进行GC-MS分析[25-27]
(4)仪器方法
参考文献[28-32]结合现有条件进行修改。色谱柱HP-5MS柱(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm), 进样口温度270 ℃, 柱温100 ℃, 以10 ℃/min升到170 ℃, 保持1 min以后以3 ℃/min升到250 ℃, 保持4 min, 载气氦气, 流速为恒流模式2.4 mL/min, 分流进样分流比为50:1, 进样量为1 μL。质谱条件: 电子轰击(EI)源, 离子源温度200 ℃, 接口温度250 ℃, 溶剂切除时间1.5 min, 检测器电压1.14 kV, 扫描质量范围30~500 m/z
用IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0.2.0软件进行统计分析, 过氧化值数据实验重复测定3次, 结果用算术平均值表示, 标准曲线线性方程由金山WPS office (12.1.0.20305)进行处理, 使用WPS office (12.1.0.20305)表格进行表格和图的绘制。
实验结果表明加入核桃油体积越多, 玻璃瓶中的空气越少, 保存天数越长。从氧化实验中发现样品yk-1在保存20 d、yk-2保存30 d、yk-3保存40 d、yk-4保存80 d、yk-5保存105 d过氧化值分别为0.41、0.22、0.22、0.21、0.21 g/100 g超过0.20 g/100 g。过氧化值测定结果详见表1。保温70 d时, yk-1的过氧化值已高达1.20 g/100 g, yk-5的仅为0.07 g/100 g。yk-1~yk-5样品合格天数分别为10、20、30、70、100 d, 结果表明在容积为510 mL的具盖玻璃油瓶中, 随着油样等量增加, 空气等量减少时, 油样的合格天数呈显著增加趋势。当初始空气体积与初始油样体积比值为0.02:1时, 合格天数是比值为4.1:1的10倍, 增加了90 d, 即样品yk-5的保存时间最长。
yk-1~yk-5油样初始空气体积与初始油样体积比值分别为4.10:1、1.55:1、0.70:1、0.28:1、0.02:1, 以保温天数为X轴, 过氧化值为Y轴, 分别绘制保温10、20、30、40、50、60、70 d的线性关系, 得到回归方程和相关系数, 结果详见图1。样品yk1~yk-5线性关系的斜率分别为0.0159、0.0067、0.0046、0.0024、0.0006, 初始空气体积与初始油样体积比值越小, 保存时间越长的样品线性关系斜率越小, 线性趋势越缓。随着初始空气体积与初始油样体积比值的增加, 保温时样品过氧化值呈增加趋势, 当比值由0.02:1、0.28:1、0.70:1、1.55:1、4.10:1时, 过氧化值每天增速约为4.17倍、7.50倍、10.50倍和24.67倍。比值越大, 氧化越快, 当比值达0.70:1时, 氧化速度显著上升。
实验结果表明玻璃瓶容积越小, 玻璃瓶中的空气越少, 保存天数越长。从氧化实验中发现样品yk-8在保存20 d、yk-7保存30 d、yk-6保存70 d过氧化值分别为0.38、0.30、0.20 g/100 g, 大于等于0.20 g/100 g, 3个样品保存至70 d均不合格停止后续保温实验。过氧化值测定结果详见表2。保温70 d时, yk-8的过氧化值为0.97 g/100 g, yk-6的仅为0.20 g/100 g。yk-6~yk-8样品合格天数分别为70、20、10 d, 结果表明在容积为110 mL的具盖玻璃油瓶中等体积的油样保存时间更长。
通过换算, yk-6~yk-8油样初始空气体积与初始油样体积比值为0.10:1、1.60:1、4.10:1, 以保温天数为X轴, 过氧化值为Y轴, 分别绘制保温10、20、30、40、50、60、70 d的线性关系, 得到回归方程和相关系数, 结果详见图2。样品yk-6~yk-8线性关系的斜率分别为0.0129、0.0127、0.0025, 初始空气体积与初始油样体积比值越小, 保存时间越长的样品线性关系斜率越小, 线性趋势越缓。
表1表2可知, 样品yk-6 (0.10:1)合格天数为70 d, yk-4 (0.28:1)合格天数为70 d, 样品yk-1 (4.10:1)和yk-8 (4.10:1)合格天数均为10 d, 样品yk-2 (1.55:1)和yk-7 (1.60:1)合格天数为20 d, 在初始空气体积与初始油样体积比值接近的实验条件下, 两组实验得出的合格天数为20 d。
通过GC-MS对不同压榨温度的核桃油进行分析, 样品wf-1~wf-6峰面积比分别为71.13%、100.00%、100.00%、100.00%、100.00%、100.00%, 结果详见表3。核桃油wf-1存在鉴定比例低和杂质较多的情况, 菲、蒽、炔、烯、酮等化学成分占总峰面积的28.78%, 主要成分棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、油酸的峰面积比分别为2.37%、37.17%、0.86%、0.00%。核桃油wf-2主要成分棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、油酸的峰面积比分别为6.14%、79.14%、1.14%、12.02%。核桃油wf-3主要成分棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、油酸的峰面积比分别为6.08%、84.03%、1.41%、6.42%。核桃油wf-4主要成分棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、油酸的峰面积比分别为6.01%、78.77%、1.26%、2.52%。核桃油wf-5主要成分棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、油酸的峰面积比分别为5.87%、90.28%、0.00%、1.49%。核桃油wf-6主要成分棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、油酸的峰面积比分别为5.88%、76.13%、1.42%、16.57%。由图3可知, 不同压榨温度对核桃油营养成分脂肪酸的含量及种类存在非常显著的影响, 通过比较分析选择130~140 ℃为压榨温度得到的核桃油脂肪酸类型及含量比较稳定。实验发现鲜榨核桃油中存在具有抗氧化作用的2,2’-亚甲基双(4-叔丁基对甲酚)与油脂中抗氧化剂二叔丁基甲酚具有类似的作用[33-34], 不同提取温度对应含量分别为1.94%、1.50%、2.06%、2.52%、2.36%, 储存时间越长2,2’-亚甲基双(4-叔丁基对甲酚)的含量逐渐降低, 样品wf-6含量为0.00%, 由此可见, 压榨法提取的核桃油本身具有一定抗氧作用, 在对保质期的研究中具有重要的参考意义。
根据样品wf-2的总离子流图确定核桃油脂肪酸的保留时间, 棕榈酸保留时间最短, 其次是亚油酸、硬脂酸、油酸, 保留时间最长的是2,2’-亚甲基双(4-叔丁基对甲酚), 结果详见图4
通过GC-MS对保温后不合格样品进行分析, 样品wf-7~wf-12峰面积比分别为100.00%、83.81%、100.00%、97.28%、87.52%、100.00%, 结果详见表4。核桃油wf-7~wf-9将相同体积油样装入不同容积的玻璃瓶保存73 d样品不合格后进行GC-MS分析, 其主要成分棕榈酸峰面积比分别为5.54%、5.02%、5.22%, 亚油酸峰面积比分别为90.25%、75.21%、93.18%, 硬脂酸峰面积比分别为1.54%、1.12%、1.61%, 油酸未能检测出。样品wf-10主要成分棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、油酸的峰面积比分别为5.23%、90.57%、1.49%、0.00%。样品wf-11主要成分棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、油酸的峰面积比分别为4.71%、79.50%、1.26%、0.00%。样品wf-12主要成分棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、油酸的峰面积比分别为5.30%、92.02%、1.40%、0.00%。结果表明不合格样品不能检测到油酸和2,2’-亚甲基双(4-叔丁基对甲酚), 油酸的含量与核桃油保质期存在一定关系, 后续可以进一步探究油酸对核桃油保质期的影响。此外, 不合格样品中出现以下新的化学成分, 油样的稳定性差造成GC-MS分析结果峰面积比不稳定。通过对样品wf-7、wf-10、wf-11的比较发现亚油酸的两个双键位置分别为10和13位、11和14位、8和11位, 加入迷迭香和维生素E促进了亚油酸结构的异构化。
根据样品yk-20的总离子流图确定核桃油脂肪酸的保留时间, 棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸的含量降低, 油酸和2,2’-亚甲基双(4-叔丁基对甲酚)降解未检测出。结果详见图5
本研究采用云南大理“漾濞泡核桃”为原料, 采用压榨法得到核桃油, 通过压榨工艺温度的研究发现压榨温度控制在130~140 ℃得到的核桃油脂肪酸棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、油酸等具有含量高、种类丰富、油样稳定的优点。本次分析的所有样品中亚麻酸未检测出, 可能是采用高温提取并储存了一段时间亚麻酸多不饱和脂肪酸转化为单不饱和脂肪酸油酸[35]。在63 ℃条件下保存, 探究相同容积玻璃瓶中加入不同体积油样和不同容积玻璃瓶中加入相同体积油样过氧化值的变化情况, 玻璃瓶中空气含量越低或初始空气体积与初始油样体积比值越小, 核桃油被氧化的速度越慢, 过氧化值越低, 保存时间越长。采用GC-MS对过氧化值小于等于0.20 g/100 g合格样品和过氧化值大于等于0.20 g/100 g不合格样品进行分析, 化学成分类型发生较大变化, 其中油酸和2,2’-亚甲基双(4-叔丁基对甲酚)的变化明显, 不合格样品中不能检测到该类成分, 由此推测核桃油保质期与油酸和2,2’-亚甲基双(4-叔丁基对甲酚)存在一定关系, 后续将进一步探究其与核桃油保质期的关系。
本研究通过研究探讨了空气含量和压榨温度对核桃油的影响, 但也还存在以下几个方面局限性: (1)实验中仅研究了空气含量和压榨温度对核桃油的影响, 对于其他可能影响核桃油品质的因素, 如光照、湿度、品种等, 未进行深入探讨。(2)核桃油保质期与油酸和2,2’-亚甲基双(4-叔丁基对甲酚)之间的关系没有进一步阐述对其可能的化学反应机制和影响因素。(3)甲酯化反应: 样品中存在少量乙醇或其他酯类物质(如甘油三酯的酯交换产物), 可能会发生酯交换反应, 生成脂肪酸乙酯; 无水乙醇的加入可能是为了去除少量水分, 但乙醇本身也可能与样品中的脂肪酸甲酯发生酯交换反应, 生成脂肪酸乙酯[36]; 色谱分离的局限性和柱温程序的影响[37]。后续将围绕以上几个问题更深入地对核桃油快速氧化过程中化学成分的变化机制及影响因素进行研究。
目前, 核桃油保质期短的问题依然是影响核桃产业发展的重要因素, 企业生产或人们在生活中使用易出现过氧化值高和酸败严重出现哈辣味, 加入天然的抗氧剂迷迭香或维生素E可能会促进脂肪酸化学结构的异构化。通过控制变量法实现单一因素进行实验探究得出最佳的核桃油生产工艺及后续储存方法是: 核桃油压榨温度130~140 ℃品质最佳, 保存过程中与空气接触越少, 保质期越长。该研究的开展为云南大理核桃产业和当地核桃油生产企业的发展提供参考, 以期实现核桃产业的可持续发展。
  • 大理州科技计划项目“创新引导与科技型企业培训计划”专项(20232904C030009)
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2025年第16卷第10期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250319002
  • 接收时间:2025-03-19
  • 首发时间:2025-07-15
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-19
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大理州科技计划项目“创新引导与科技型企业培训计划”专项(20232904C030009)
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    1.大理农林职业技术学院工程学院, 大理 671003
    2.云南民族大学化学与环境学院, 昆明 650500
    3.滇西应用技术大学健康科技学院, 大理 671006
    4.大理大学药学院, 大理 671000

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* 杨孔(1995—), 男, 助教, 主要研究方向为天然产物化学及生物活性研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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