Article(id=1151437197552480893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250228003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740672000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752453620565, onlineDateStr=2025-07-14, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752453620565, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752453620565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752453620565, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151437189243089177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752453618584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767768054466, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=131, endPage=139, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151895326425707113, articleId=1151437197552480893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine in Datura stramonium Linn. by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1151895322692776479, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Analysis and Monitoring of Toxic and Harmful Substances in Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the rapid extraction of Datura stramonium Linn. seeds, Datura stramonium Linn. flowers, Datura stramonium Linn. shells, Datura stramonium Linn. leaves and Datura stramonium Linn. stems and simultaneous determination of scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods The Datura stramonium Linn. seeds were extracted with methanol, flowers were extracted with ethanol and others were extracted with 1% formic acid solution. An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine by external standard method in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol as the mobile phase in a gradient elution and electrospray ionization with a positive ion source. Results Scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine showed good linearity (r≥0.999) in the range of mass concentrations from 0.1 to 10.0 ng/mL. Limits of detection were 30-76 μg/kg, limits of quantitation were 80-253 μg/kg. The average recoveries of the 3 alkaloids at the low, medium and high spiked concentration levels ranged from were 81.9%-117.0%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 0.7%-7.2%. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, accurate, can provide reliable technical support for the determination of scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine in Datura stramonium Linn..

, correspAuthors=Lian-Hong WANG, Hua-Liang LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shu-Ling DENG, Feng ZHU, Hao ZHANG, Zhong-Li HUO, Lian-Hong WANG, Hua-Liang LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151895344545100047, articleId=1151437197552480893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=液相色谱-串联质谱法测定曼陀罗中东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品含量, columnId=1151895322898297380, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立快速提取曼陀罗籽、曼陀罗花、曼陀罗壳、曼陀罗叶和曼陀罗茎的前处理法, 采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)同时检测东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品。方法 以甲醇提取曼陀罗籽, 以乙醇提取花, 以1%甲酸水提取壳、叶和茎, 选用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)为色谱柱, 以0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱, 电喷雾离子源正离子扫描, 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式采集, 外标法定量。结果 在质量浓度0.1~10.0 ng/mL范围内, 东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品呈现良好的线性关系(r≥0.999); 检出限为30~76 μg/kg, 定量限为80~253 μg/kg; 3种生物碱在低、中、高3个加标浓度水平的平均回收率为81.9%~117.0%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSDs)为0.7%~7.2%。结论 该方法操作简单、快速、准确, 为测定曼陀罗多种组织中东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品提供了可靠的技术支持。

, correspAuthors=王联红, 刘华良, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王联红(1974—), 女, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为环境分析。E-mail:
刘华良(1973—), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食物中毒检验方法研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=SITWuImvlxH6BpXEf2dnpw==, magXml=SBmpK2kuIbYLSUYRL36Dsw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xgGLBXEJ0syn5Ptux4u/lA==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=TDJ9X30xvh6AqnbIKaaokQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

邓淑铃(1998—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为卫生理化检验。E-mail:

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邓淑铃(1998—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为卫生理化检验。E-mail:

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邓淑铃(1998—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为卫生理化检验。E-mail:

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Extraction procedure of Datura stramonium Linn. flower, leaf, shell and stem

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 提取溶剂 超声时间/min
曼陀罗籽 甲醇 5
曼陀罗花 乙醇 5
曼陀罗叶 1%甲酸 5
曼陀罗壳 1%甲酸 20
曼陀罗茎 1%甲酸 20
), ArticleFig(id=1167030815536980225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437197552480893, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

曼陀罗花、叶、壳、茎的提取步骤

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 提取溶剂 超声时间/min
曼陀罗籽 甲醇 5
曼陀罗花 乙醇 5
曼陀罗叶 1%甲酸 5
曼陀罗壳 1%甲酸 20
曼陀罗茎 1%甲酸 20
), ArticleFig(id=1167030815604089091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437197552480893, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mass spectrometry detection parameters of scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物 保留
时间
母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 碰撞能量/V 去簇电压/V
东莨菪碱 2.80 304.0 138.1* 27 77
156.0 22 77
消旋山莨菪碱 2.80
2.89
306.3 140.0* 35 94
122.3 42 94
阿托品 3.05 290.0 124.0* 33 89
93.1 45 89
), ArticleFig(id=1167030815692169476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437197552480893, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品的质谱检测参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物 保留
时间
母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 碰撞能量/V 去簇电压/V
东莨菪碱 2.80 304.0 138.1* 27 77
156.0 22 77
消旋山莨菪碱 2.80
2.89
306.3 140.0* 35 94
122.3 42 94
阿托品 3.05 290.0 124.0* 33 89
93.1 45 89
), ArticleFig(id=1167030815784444166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437197552480893, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

MEs of scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine in various tissues of Datura stramonium Linn.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 化合物名称 MEs/%
曼陀罗籽 东莨菪碱 -18.2
消旋山莨菪碱 -23.2
阿托品 -23.6
曼陀罗花 东莨菪碱 -2.3
消旋山莨菪碱 -16.5
阿托品 -23.7
曼陀罗叶 东莨菪碱 -15.1
消旋山莨菪碱 -14.2
阿托品 21.4
曼陀罗壳 东莨菪碱 -3.8
消旋山莨菪碱 6.7
阿托品 21.6
曼陀罗茎 东莨菪碱 -1.4
消旋山莨菪碱 6.2
阿托品 -0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1167030815868330248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437197552480893, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品在曼陀罗各种组织中的MEs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 化合物名称 MEs/%
曼陀罗籽 东莨菪碱 -18.2
消旋山莨菪碱 -23.2
阿托品 -23.6
曼陀罗花 东莨菪碱 -2.3
消旋山莨菪碱 -16.5
阿托品 -23.7
曼陀罗叶 东莨菪碱 -15.1
消旋山莨菪碱 -14.2
阿托品 21.4
曼陀罗壳 东莨菪碱 -3.8
消旋山莨菪碱 6.7
阿托品 21.6
曼陀罗茎 东莨菪碱 -1.4
消旋山莨菪碱 6.2
阿托品 -0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1167030815935439114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437197552480893, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Ranges of linearity, regression equations, correlations, limits of detection, limits of quantitation of scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
名称
线性范围/(ng/mL) 线性方程 相关
系数
检出限/(μg/kg) 定量限/(μg/kg)
东莨
菪碱
0.1~10.0 Y=4.398×105X+1419 0.99995 30 80
消旋莨
菪碱
Y=1.818×105X+786.6 0.99999 60 200
阿托品 Y=6.876×105X+5147 0.99997 76 253
), ArticleFig(id=1167030816002547980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437197552480893, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品的线性范围、线性方程、相关系数、检出限与定量限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
名称
线性范围/(ng/mL) 线性方程 相关
系数
检出限/(μg/kg) 定量限/(μg/kg)
东莨
菪碱
0.1~10.0 Y=4.398×105X+1419 0.99995 30 80
消旋莨
菪碱
Y=1.818×105X+786.6 0.99999 60 200
阿托品 Y=6.876×105X+5147 0.99997 76 253
), ArticleFig(id=1167030816094822670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437197552480893, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Recovery rates and precision at different spiked levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 检测物 加标量/(μg/mL) 平均
回收率/%
RSDs
/%
曼陀罗籽 东莨菪碱 1.6 86.9 6.3
4.0 101.0 6.2
8.0 107.0 1.4
消旋山莨菪碱 1.6 87.5 1.1
4.0 93.4 3.8
8.0 98.8 1.4
阿托品 1.6 82.6 2.2
4.0 93.7 3.2
8.0 98.9 0.8
曼陀罗花 东莨菪碱 1.6 84.6 1.5
4.0 97.0 2.2
8.0 112.0 1.5
消旋山莨菪碱 1.6 87.2 3.2
4.0 98.4 2.8
8.0 110.0 1.5
阿托品 1.6 86.2 3.8
4.0 100.0 5.7
8.0 112.0 4.7
曼陀罗叶 东莨菪碱 1.6 81.9 1.9
4.0 105.0 3.6
8.0 115.0 1.4
消旋山莨菪碱 1.6 94.8 1.8
4.0 109.0 2.1
8.0 111.0 5.7
阿托品 1.6 82.4 2.1
4.0 95.7 2.5
8.0 113.0 1.0
曼陀罗壳 东莨菪碱 1.6 101.0 1.2
4.0 113.0 2.4
8.0 114.0 3.8
消旋山莨菪碱 1.6 104.0 3.5
4.0 106.0 3.5
8.0 108.0 1.6
阿托品 1.6 94.2 7.2
4.0 110.2 5.8
8.0 111.0 4.3
曼陀罗茎 东莨菪碱 1.6 86.1 4.2
4.0 96.2 2.1
8.0 112.0 3.2
消旋山莨菪碱 1.6 88.3 1.7
4.0 93.8 0.7
8.0 117.0 1.3
阿托品 1.6 83.1 3.0
4.0 94.8 3.2
8.0 117.0 1.6
), ArticleFig(id=1167030816178708752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437197552480893, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同加标水平的回收率和精密度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 检测物 加标量/(μg/mL) 平均
回收率/%
RSDs
/%
曼陀罗籽 东莨菪碱 1.6 86.9 6.3
4.0 101.0 6.2
8.0 107.0 1.4
消旋山莨菪碱 1.6 87.5 1.1
4.0 93.4 3.8
8.0 98.8 1.4
阿托品 1.6 82.6 2.2
4.0 93.7 3.2
8.0 98.9 0.8
曼陀罗花 东莨菪碱 1.6 84.6 1.5
4.0 97.0 2.2
8.0 112.0 1.5
消旋山莨菪碱 1.6 87.2 3.2
4.0 98.4 2.8
8.0 110.0 1.5
阿托品 1.6 86.2 3.8
4.0 100.0 5.7
8.0 112.0 4.7
曼陀罗叶 东莨菪碱 1.6 81.9 1.9
4.0 105.0 3.6
8.0 115.0 1.4
消旋山莨菪碱 1.6 94.8 1.8
4.0 109.0 2.1
8.0 111.0 5.7
阿托品 1.6 82.4 2.1
4.0 95.7 2.5
8.0 113.0 1.0
曼陀罗壳 东莨菪碱 1.6 101.0 1.2
4.0 113.0 2.4
8.0 114.0 3.8
消旋山莨菪碱 1.6 104.0 3.5
4.0 106.0 3.5
8.0 108.0 1.6
阿托品 1.6 94.2 7.2
4.0 110.2 5.8
8.0 111.0 4.3
曼陀罗茎 东莨菪碱 1.6 86.1 4.2
4.0 96.2 2.1
8.0 112.0 3.2
消旋山莨菪碱 1.6 88.3 1.7
4.0 93.8 0.7
8.0 117.0 1.3
阿托品 1.6 83.1 3.0
4.0 94.8 3.2
8.0 117.0 1.6
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液相色谱-串联质谱法测定曼陀罗中东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品含量
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邓淑铃 1 , 朱峰 2 , 张昊 2 , 霍宗利 2 , 王联红 3, * , 刘华良 1, 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025,16(11): 131-139
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025, 16(11): 131-139
液相色谱-串联质谱法测定曼陀罗中东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品含量
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邓淑铃1 , 朱峰2, 张昊2, 霍宗利2, 王联红3, * , 刘华良1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1. 南京医科大学公共卫生学院, 南京 211166
  • 2. 江苏省疾病预防控制中心, 南京 210009
  • 3. 南京大学环境学院, 水污染控制与资源绿色循环全国重点实验室, 南京 210023
  • 邓淑铃(1998—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为卫生理化检验。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王联红(1974—), 女, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为环境分析。E-mail:
刘华良(1973—), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食物中毒检验方法研究。E-mail:
Determination of scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine in Datura stramonium Linn. by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Shu-Ling DENG1 , Feng ZHU2, Hao ZHANG2, Zhong-Li HUO2, Lian-Hong WANG3, * , Hua-Liang LIU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
  • 2. Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
  • 3. State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250228003
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目的 建立快速提取曼陀罗籽、曼陀罗花、曼陀罗壳、曼陀罗叶和曼陀罗茎的前处理法, 采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)同时检测东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品。方法 以甲醇提取曼陀罗籽, 以乙醇提取花, 以1%甲酸水提取壳、叶和茎, 选用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)为色谱柱, 以0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱, 电喷雾离子源正离子扫描, 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式采集, 外标法定量。结果 在质量浓度0.1~10.0 ng/mL范围内, 东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品呈现良好的线性关系(r≥0.999); 检出限为30~76 μg/kg, 定量限为80~253 μg/kg; 3种生物碱在低、中、高3个加标浓度水平的平均回收率为81.9%~117.0%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSDs)为0.7%~7.2%。结论 该方法操作简单、快速、准确, 为测定曼陀罗多种组织中东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品提供了可靠的技术支持。

液相色谱-串联质谱法  /  曼陀罗  /  东莨菪碱  /  消旋山莨菪碱  /  阿托品

Objective To establish a method for the rapid extraction of Datura stramonium Linn. seeds, Datura stramonium Linn. flowers, Datura stramonium Linn. shells, Datura stramonium Linn. leaves and Datura stramonium Linn. stems and simultaneous determination of scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods The Datura stramonium Linn. seeds were extracted with methanol, flowers were extracted with ethanol and others were extracted with 1% formic acid solution. An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine by external standard method in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol as the mobile phase in a gradient elution and electrospray ionization with a positive ion source. Results Scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine showed good linearity (r≥0.999) in the range of mass concentrations from 0.1 to 10.0 ng/mL. Limits of detection were 30-76 μg/kg, limits of quantitation were 80-253 μg/kg. The average recoveries of the 3 alkaloids at the low, medium and high spiked concentration levels ranged from were 81.9%-117.0%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 0.7%-7.2%. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, accurate, can provide reliable technical support for the determination of scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine in Datura stramonium Linn..

liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  Datura stramonium Linn.  /  scopolamine  /  racanisodamine  /  atropine
邓淑铃, 朱峰, 张昊, 霍宗利, 王联红, 刘华良. 液相色谱-串联质谱法测定曼陀罗中东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品含量. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (11) : 131 -139 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250228003
Shu-Ling DENG, Feng ZHU, Hao ZHANG, Zhong-Li HUO, Lian-Hong WANG, Hua-Liang LIU. Determination of scopolamine, racanisodamine and atropine in Datura stramonium Linn. by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (11) : 131 -139 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250228003
曼陀罗籽、曼陀罗花、曼陀罗壳、曼陀罗叶和曼陀罗茎分别为茄科植物曼陀罗属曼陀罗(Datura stramonium Linn.)的种子、花、果壳、叶和茎[1-3], 消旋山莨菪碱(racanisodamine)、东莨菪碱(scopolamine)、阿托品(atropine)属莨菪烷类生物碱, 是曼陀罗等茄科有毒植物中的主要毒性或活性成分[4-5], 结构式见图1。曼陀罗全株植物有毒, 果实和种子毒性最强[6-9]
近年曼陀罗中毒案例中, 曼陀罗叶、曼陀罗籽和曼陀罗花中毒案例屡见不鲜。曼陀罗叶常被误认为是可食用的野菜, 导致误食中毒的事件时有发生[10]; 曼陀罗籽容易被当作芝麻误用, 甚至有村民用曼陀罗籽泡酒外敷或内服以治疗寒湿[11-12]; 曼陀罗花则经常被村民当成“药材”来煲汤或泡茶饮用导致中毒[13-14]。根茎和外壳则容易与曼陀罗籽、叶等其他组织一起误食而引起中毒[15-16]。但目前同时测定曼陀罗不同组织的相关研究报道较少, 主要是分别对曼陀罗籽[17-18]、曼陀罗花[19-21]、曼陀罗叶[22]等进行测定等, 并且测定的有毒物质只有一两种。
另外, 目前国内的文献报道对东莨菪碱, 消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品的测定方法主要集中于高效液相色谱法[17,22-23]、气相色谱-串联质谱法[24]、液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS) [25-28]等。其中液相色谱-串联质谱法具有分离效果好, 灵敏度高, 选择性高、检测时间短等优点, 可满足多组分检测的要求。
因此, 本研究建立一种以LC-MS/MS为检测仪器, 对曼陀罗不同组织中东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品同时进行测定的方法, 以期为曼陀罗组织中东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品的测定和相关检测标准的研制提供数据支撑和理论依据。
曼陀罗籽、花、壳、叶和茎500 g, 网上购买, 经南京大学王联红教授鉴定为曼陀罗。
甲醇、乙腈、甲酸(色谱纯, 美国TEDIA公司); 甲醇、乙醇、甲酸、氨水(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 东莨菪碱(纯度为99.7%, CAS: 51-34-3)、消旋山莨菪碱(纯度为97.3%, CAS:17659-49-3)(上海安谱璀世标准技术服务有限公司); 阿托品(纯度为98.3%, CAS: 51-55-8, 坛墨质检-标准物质中心); 0.22 μm聚醚砜(polyethersulfone, PES)滤膜、0.22 μm尼龙滤膜、0.45 μm尼龙滤膜(宁波鸿谱仪器科技有限公司); 0.45 μm水系PES滤膜、0.22 μm水系聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)滤膜(江苏绿盟科学仪器有限公司)。
LC-30A超高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司); QTrap 5500三重四极杆串联质谱仪(美国AB Sciex公司); Thermo Scientific Multifuge X1R Pro离心机(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); Genius3涡旋混匀器 (德国IKA公司); ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)(美国Waters公司); Elmasonic P型超声波清洗仪(德国Elma有限公司)。
标准储备液(1 mg/mL): 分别准确称取东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品标准品10 mg(精确至0.0001 mg)至10 mL容量瓶中, 加乙腈适量使溶解并稀释至标线, 配制成质量浓度为1 mg /mL的标准储备液。-18 ℃避光冷冻保存, 有效期为6个月。
混合标准中间液(10 μg /mL): 分别准确移取0.1 mL东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品标准储备液至10 mL容量瓶中, 加10%乙腈稀释至标线, 配制成质量浓度为10 μg/mL的混合标准中间液。-18 ℃避光冷冻保存, 有效期为1个月。
混合标准工作液: 准确量取混合标准中间液适量, 用10%乙腈溶液稀释, 配制成质量浓度分别为1、10和100 ng/mL的混合标准工作液, 临用现配。
分别取50 g曼陀罗植物组织试样, 经组织粉碎机粉碎均匀后再进行以下提取步骤。
称取曼陀罗籽0.5 g(精确至0.001 g), 置于15 mL离心管中, 加入10 mL甲醇, 涡旋混匀1 min, 超声提取5 min, 10000 r/min离心10 min。吸取上清液0.1 mL置于10 mL容量瓶中, 加10%乙腈至刻度, 混合均匀后取1 mL置于10 mL容量瓶中, 加10%乙腈至刻度, 混合均匀, 经0.22 μm PES微孔滤膜过滤后测定。花、叶、壳和茎的提取溶剂和超声时间与籽不同, 其他同上。具体见表1
色谱柱: ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm); 流速: 0.3 mL/min; 柱温: 35 ℃; 进样量: 5 µL; 流动相A为0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液, B为甲醇。梯度洗脱条件如下: 0~0.50 min 时, B为10%; 0.50~3.00 min时, B由10%升至95%, 保持0.90 min; 3.90~4.00 min时, B由95%下降至10%, 保持2.00 min。
离子源: 电喷雾离子源; 电离方式: 正离子; 离子源温度: 500 ℃; 离子化电压: 5500 V; 气帘气压力: 40 kPa; 碰撞气为Media; 喷雾气流量: 30 L/min; 辅助加热气流量: 50 L/min; 扫描方式: 多反应监测(multi reaction monitoring, MRM)。质谱具体参数见表2
取曼陀罗籽、花、叶、壳和茎, 不添加东莨菪碱、阿托品和消旋山莨菪碱, 按照1.4的步骤进行操作, 此上清液作为基质溶液, 用基质溶液对标准品进行稀释得到相应浓度的待测溶液, 并进行上样检测分析, 得到的基质匹配标准曲线斜率与相同浓度的溶剂标准曲线的斜率进行比较。基质效应(matrix effect, ME)计算公式如下(1)。
ME/%=$\frac{{{K}_{1}}-{{K}_{2}}}{{{K}_{1}}}$×100%
式中: K1为基质匹配标准曲线的斜率; K2为溶剂标准曲线的斜率。
样品经1.4等步骤处理后, 在1.5仪器工作条件下检测, 试样中各待测组分的残留量按式(2)计算。
X=$\frac{C\times V\times 1000}{m}$
式中: X为试样中各待测组分的残留量, μg/kg; C为试样测定溶液中各待测组分的质量浓度, ng/mL, 外标法以消旋山莨菪碱顺、反式异构体峰面积的和计算[29]; V为提取溶剂体积, mL, 本方法为10 mL; m为试样溶液所代表的试样量, 本方法为0.5 g; 1000为提取溶液经两次稀释后的稀释倍数。计算结果应减去空白值, 结果以平行测定的算术平均数表示, 保留3位有效数字。
采用Analyst 1.7软件采集数据, 使用MultiQuant 3.0.3软件处理原始数据, 并用Microsoft Excel 2021、Origin Pro 2024软件进行数据统计分析。
本研究检测的3种化合物以五元氮杂环或六元氮杂环为基核, 是一类含氮生物碱, 流动相中加入酸有利于生物碱在质谱电喷雾离子化。因此, 本研究选择0.1%(体积分数)甲酸作为水相, 比较了甲醇和乙腈两种有机相。结果表明, 东莨菪碱和消旋山莨菪碱在使用甲醇或乙腈作为有机相时的响应相近, 但是阿托品在甲醇体系中响应更好, 灵敏度更高。因此, 本研究选择甲醇作为有机溶剂流动相, 具体见图2
滤膜在样品前处理过程中起着重要的作用, 尽管高速离心能去除大部分固体颗粒, 但有时候胶体状的杂质难以用离心过程除去, 而滤膜能有效去除这些杂质。然而, 在滤膜使用过程中必须要考虑对目标化合物有无吸附作用, 即经滤膜处理后样品溶液中目标化合物是否会有损失。基于此, 本研究分别考察了标准溶液不过滤膜以及该标准溶液分别过0.22 μm PES滤膜、0.22 μm尼龙滤膜、0.45 μm尼龙滤膜、0.45 μm水系PES滤膜、0.22 μm水系PTFE滤膜6种方式对3种生物碱浓度的影响, 结果见图3。假设不过滤膜的浓度为100%, 由图3可知, 样品处理过程中滤膜的种类对样品浓度有显著影响, 其中经0.22 μm水系PTFE滤膜和0.45 μm水系PES滤膜过滤后东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品几乎已全部被吸附, 可能的原因是亲水性PTFE滤膜和PES滤膜的原材料中含有聚乙二醇等组分[30], 即滤膜表面含有的羟基等活性基团能吸附样品溶液中带正电的生物碱, 从而导致东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品在过滤过程中的损失; 相比而言, 0.22 μm PES滤膜对标准溶液中东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品的浓度没有显著的影响, 其浓度分别为未过滤膜时的99.32%、99.28%和96.13%。因此, 后续实验均采用0.22 μm PES滤膜过滤样品溶液。
本研究考察了乙醇、甲醇、纯水、1%甲酸水和1%氨水5种提取溶剂对曼陀罗各种组织中东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品3种生物碱的提取情况, 结果见图4。假设提取效率最高回收率为100%, 由图4可知, 对于曼陀罗籽而言, 甲醇提取3种生物碱的回收率较好, 综合提取效果, 选择甲醇作为曼陀罗籽的提取溶剂。
而对于曼陀罗花, 乙醇的提取效率更高, 选择乙醇作为曼陀罗花的提取溶剂。壳、叶和茎, 使用1%甲酸水能够最大程度的把3种生物碱提取出来, 于是选择1%甲酸水作为曼陀罗籽的提取溶剂。另外, 醇类提取曼陀罗叶的同时会把叶绿素提取出来, 影响后续的上机测定, 因此不建议用醇类提取曼陀罗叶。
比较了不同超声时间对曼陀罗提取效率的影响。结果见图5。假设提取效率最高回收率为100%, 由图5可知, 当超声时间为5 min时, 曼陀罗籽、叶和花中3种生物碱提取效率最高; 而当超声时间为20 min时, 壳和茎中3种生物碱提取效率最高, 因此确定籽、叶和花的超声时间为5 min, 壳和茎的超声时间为20 min。
基质效应结果见表3, 表3结果表明, 3种目标物的基质效应±25%以内[27,31], 说明目标物受基质效应影响较小, 因此选用溶剂标准曲线。
精密吸取混合标准工作液用10%乙腈稀释逐级稀释, 配制成0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0 ng/mL的系列线性溶液。使用1.5.1及1.5.2中色谱条件与质谱条件进行测定, 以目标峰面积(消旋山莨菪碱以两个峰面积之和)为纵坐标(Y), 标准品浓度为横坐标(X, ng/mL)做标准曲线。在0.1~10.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围, 3种目标物在各基质中线性相关系数r≥0.999, 线性关系良好。见表4
称取曼陀罗样品各18份。在样品中添加3种浓度的混合标准溶液各0.1 mL, 每个浓度水平平行6份, 使得上机测定前试液中待测物理论质量浓度分别为1.6、4.0、8.0 μg/mL。计算平均回收率反映准确度, 计算平行样相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSDs)反映精密度(表5)。
3种生物碱在曼陀罗组织中的平均回收率在81.9%~117.0%间, RSDs在0.7%~7.2%之间(n=6), 准确度、精密度均符合检测需求, 表明曼陀罗组织中3种生物碱的分析检测方法是可行的。
本研究建立了LC-MS/MS测定曼陀罗多种组织中东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品的分析方法。本方法与卫生标准WS/T 3—1996《曼陀罗食物中毒诊断标准及处理原则》相比, 检测对象由曼陀罗浆果、种子和叶子拓宽到曼陀罗种子、叶子、花、壳和茎, 检测仪器改用灵敏度更高、定性定量能力更好的液相色谱联用质谱仪。与现有曼陀罗中毒检测文献相比, 该方法操作快速, 无需净化过程, 节省了前处理时间, 而且选择性好、定性准确、定量限远远低于中毒的最低剂量, 可规避假阳性, 符合曼陀罗有毒植物中毒的应急检测要求。东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品在0.1~10.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性良好, 相关系数r>0.999, 定量限为80~253 μg/kg, 在低、中、高3个浓度水平的加标回收率范围为81.9%~117.0%, RSD在0.7%~7.2%。说明本方法前处理简单, 能满足曼陀罗样品中生物碱的检测需求, 可以为制定曼陀罗食品安全地方标准提供可靠的技术支持。
  • 江苏省重点研发计划(社会发展)项目(BE2023720)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250228003
  • 接收时间:2025-02-28
  • 首发时间:2025-07-14
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-28
基金
江苏省重点研发计划(社会发展)项目(BE2023720)
作者信息
    1. 南京医科大学公共卫生学院, 南京 211166
    2. 江苏省疾病预防控制中心, 南京 210009
    3. 南京大学环境学院, 水污染控制与资源绿色循环全国重点实验室, 南京 210023

通讯作者:

* 王联红(1974—), 女, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为环境分析。E-mail:
刘华良(1973—), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食物中毒检验方法研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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