Article(id=1151437194524193402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241016001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729008000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752453619842, onlineDateStr=2025-07-14, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752453619842, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752453619842, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752453619842, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151437189243089177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752453618584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767768054466, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=275, endPage=282, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151895322214625819, articleId=1151437194524193402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Optimization of processing technology of red pitaya peel preserved fruit by response surface methodology, columnId=1151895321719223288, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Processing and Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To optimize the processing technology for preserved fruit made from red pitaya peel. Methods The 3 primary factors sodium citrate concentration, sugar solution concentration, and baking time were selected based on single factor experiments. Sensory scores of the preserved red pitaya peel fruit were used as response variables, and the optimal processing conditions were determined using response surface methodology. Results The optimal processing conditions for the peel and preserved fruit of red-fleshed pitaya was determined: 0.75% sodium citrate (for color retention), 40% sugar solution concentration and a baking time of 3.0 hours. The resulting product exhibited a vibrant color and distinctive taste. Conclusion This study proposes a novel method for producing preserved fruit using red pitaya peel, thereby effectively utilizing by-products from pitaya processing.

, correspAuthors=Xi XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li-Min YE, Chao AI, Hui-Fan LIU, Yong-Shun XIE, Qing-Hua MO, Bi-Xin XIE, Qin WANG, Lu-Kai MA, Geng-Sheng XIAO, Xi XIE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151895341265154139, articleId=1151437194524193402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=响应面法优化红心火龙果皮果脯加工工艺, columnId=1151895322281734685, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品加工与工艺, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 以红心火龙果皮为原料, 优化红心火龙果皮果脯的加工工艺。方法 通过单因素试验来确定影响火龙果皮果脯的3个主要因素(柠檬酸钠浓度、糖液浓度和烘烤时间)的取值范围, 并以成品的感官评分为响应值, 通过响应面法优化以确定红心火龙果果皮果脯的最佳制作工艺。结果 确定了红心火龙果皮果脯加工的最佳工艺, 护色处理的柠檬酸钠浓度为0.75%、腌渍糖液浓度40%、烘烤时间3.0 h的制作工艺下, 得到的火龙果果皮果脯色泽饱满, 口感独特。结论 本研究优化开发出了一种利用红心火龙果皮为原料制作的新型果脯产品, 有效利用了火龙果加工副产物。

, correspAuthors=谢曦, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 谢曦(1988—), 女, 副教授, 主要研究方向为生物技术。E-mail:
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叶丽敏(1990—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品发酵。E-mail:

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叶丽敏(1990—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品发酵。E-mail:

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Acta Horticulturae, 2009(806): 293-300., articleTitle=Studies on pomerac (Syzygium malaccense) candied fruit slices, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1167030818259083581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, awardId=2023B03J0821, language=CN, fundingSource=广州市重点研发计划项目(2023B03J0821), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1167030818326192447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, awardId=2220002000277, language=CN, fundingSource=江门市基础与应用基础研究重点项目(2220002000277), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1167030818393301314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, awardId=2023B20205001, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省重点研发计划项目(2023B20205001), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167030812730990743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030812739379352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, companyId=1167030812730990743, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food of Ministry and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030812747767961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, companyId=1167030812730990743, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 仲恺农业工程学院轻工食品学院, 农业农村部岭南特色食品绿色加工与智能制造重点试验室, 广东省岭南特色食品科学与技术重点试验室, 广州 510225)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167030812798099612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030812806488221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, companyId=1167030812798099612, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030812810682526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, companyId=1167030812798099612, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 广东海洋大学食品科技学院, 湛江 524088)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167030816266789137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of sodium citrate concentration on the quality of preserved fruit, figureFileSmall=If5BaN/tOiN7v3RJR8hNlA==, figureFileBig=Lew9jf873JbuATuv7k+4gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030816317120787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=CN, label=图1, caption=柠檬酸钠添加量对果脯品质的影响

注: 同一组标注相同小写字母表示无差异显著, 试验结果的统计分析采用单因素方差分析(P<0.05), 图2~3同。

, figureFileSmall=If5BaN/tOiN7v3RJR8hNlA==, figureFileBig=Lew9jf873JbuATuv7k+4gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030816371646740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of sugar concentration on the quality of preserved fruit, figureFileSmall=hF8sAK22FUgEMx6tD0KgeQ==, figureFileBig=H6sczwcbv8MNiCQ1MZHbIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030816426172693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=CN, label=图2, caption=糖液浓度对果脯品质的影响, figureFileSmall=hF8sAK22FUgEMx6tD0KgeQ==, figureFileBig=H6sczwcbv8MNiCQ1MZHbIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030816476504343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of baking time on the quality of preserved fruit, figureFileSmall=bPa8hROoyH9GWUWiHzOATw==, figureFileBig=f6A0kvyV54LqJ97AzlfgVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030816535224601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=CN, label=图3, caption=烘烤时间对果脯品质的影响, figureFileSmall=bPa8hROoyH9GWUWiHzOATw==, figureFileBig=f6A0kvyV54LqJ97AzlfgVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030816598139163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Response surface diagram of the effects of 3 factors on sensory scores, figureFileSmall=sjhjOEyFEkkwIzGXi5aX1g==, figureFileBig=5Z4gw1WtrlftBT7/d15dQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030816656859421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=CN, label=图4, caption=3个因素对感官评分的影响响应曲面图, figureFileSmall=sjhjOEyFEkkwIzGXi5aX1g==, figureFileBig=5Z4gw1WtrlftBT7/d15dQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030816702996767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria of pitaya peel preserved fruit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感官指标 评分标准 分值/分
外观色泽
(30)
颜色不均匀, 不透明, 无光泽, 少量反砂 1’9
颜色较均匀, 半透明, 有光泽, 无反砂 10’19
颜色均匀一致, 透明, 富有光泽 20’30
组织形态
(30)
肉质软化、饱满度差、干缩明显或严重、没有柔软度, 韧性太强或太弱, 有杂质 1’9
肉质疏松、有一定的饱满度、有一点黏手、没有柔软度, 韧性较强或较弱, 无杂质 10’19
肉质致密、饱满度好、无破损、不黏手、柔软适度, 韧性适中, 无杂质 20’30
口感风味
(20)
过甜或过咸、无原果味、硬度过高或过低、口感粗糙、不适口 1’7
甜度和咸度不协调、原果味不浓、硬度适中、口感偏硬或偏软 8’13
甜度和咸度适中、原果味浓、硬度适中、有一定的嚼劲 14’20
气味
(20)
没有火龙果香气、有异味 1’7
火龙果香气一般、无异味 8’14
火龙果香气较浓、无异味 14’20
), ArticleFig(id=1167030816774299937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

火龙果皮果脯的感官评分标准表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感官指标 评分标准 分值/分
外观色泽
(30)
颜色不均匀, 不透明, 无光泽, 少量反砂 1’9
颜色较均匀, 半透明, 有光泽, 无反砂 10’19
颜色均匀一致, 透明, 富有光泽 20’30
组织形态
(30)
肉质软化、饱满度差、干缩明显或严重、没有柔软度, 韧性太强或太弱, 有杂质 1’9
肉质疏松、有一定的饱满度、有一点黏手、没有柔软度, 韧性较强或较弱, 无杂质 10’19
肉质致密、饱满度好、无破损、不黏手、柔软适度, 韧性适中, 无杂质 20’30
口感风味
(20)
过甜或过咸、无原果味、硬度过高或过低、口感粗糙、不适口 1’7
甜度和咸度不协调、原果味不浓、硬度适中、口感偏硬或偏软 8’13
甜度和咸度适中、原果味浓、硬度适中、有一定的嚼劲 14’20
气味
(20)
没有火龙果香气、有异味 1’7
火龙果香气一般、无异味 8’14
火龙果香气较浓、无异味 14’20
), ArticleFig(id=1167030816845603107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Factors and levels table of response surface test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A(柠檬酸钠浓度)/% B(糖液浓度)/% C(烘烤时间)/h
-1 0.50 30 2.5
0 0.75 40 3.0
1 1.00 50 3.5
), ArticleFig(id=1167030816900129061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面试验因素与水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A(柠檬酸钠浓度)/% B(糖液浓度)/% C(烘烤时间)/h
-1 0.50 30 2.5
0 0.75 40 3.0
1 1.00 50 3.5
), ArticleFig(id=1167030816988209447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of sodium citrate concentration on color of preserved fruits

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果脯颜色指标 柠檬酸钠浓度/%
0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.5 2.0
ΔL -0.097±1.77b -4.57±0.26a -4.77±0.27a -1.24±1.38b -1.55±0.62b -0.87±1.72b
Δa -7.21±0.89c -18.31±1.23a -14.65±0.75b -6.76±1.50c -4.18±1.35d -9.26±1.38c
Δb -2.59±0.27a -3.00±0.57a -2.76±0.86a -0.52±0.48b 0.96±1.77b -0.31±0.76b
ΔE 7.80±0.89b 19.12±1.19d 15.67±0.85c 6.99±1.56b 4.89±0.83a 9.42±1.51b
), ArticleFig(id=1167030817063706921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

柠檬酸钠浓度对果脯颜色的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
果脯颜色指标 柠檬酸钠浓度/%
0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.5 2.0
ΔL -0.097±1.77b -4.57±0.26a -4.77±0.27a -1.24±1.38b -1.55±0.62b -0.87±1.72b
Δa -7.21±0.89c -18.31±1.23a -14.65±0.75b -6.76±1.50c -4.18±1.35d -9.26±1.38c
Δb -2.59±0.27a -3.00±0.57a -2.76±0.86a -0.52±0.48b 0.96±1.77b -0.31±0.76b
ΔE 7.80±0.89b 19.12±1.19d 15.67±0.85c 6.99±1.56b 4.89±0.83a 9.42±1.51b
), ArticleFig(id=1167030817147593003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of sugar concentration on color of preserved fruits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
果脯颜色指标 糖液浓度/%
30 40 50 60 70
ΔL 1.57±1.67c -1.73±0.28a -2.35±0.50a -0.19±0.28b -2.17±0.48a
Δa -5.37±2.36b -4.55±0.62b -7.85±0.42a -2.77±0.41b -3.64±1.17b
Δb 1.65±0.22ab 2.82±0.34c -0.073±2.04a 3.86±0.17c 1.87±0.27ab
ΔE 6.16±1.57a 5.65±0.41a 8.38±0.26b 4.78±0.08a 4.66±1.12a
), ArticleFig(id=1167030817210507565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

糖液对果脯颜色的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
果脯颜色指标 糖液浓度/%
30 40 50 60 70
ΔL 1.57±1.67c -1.73±0.28a -2.35±0.50a -0.19±0.28b -2.17±0.48a
Δa -5.37±2.36b -4.55±0.62b -7.85±0.42a -2.77±0.41b -3.64±1.17b
Δb 1.65±0.22ab 2.82±0.34c -0.073±2.04a 3.86±0.17c 1.87±0.27ab
ΔE 6.16±1.57a 5.65±0.41a 8.38±0.26b 4.78±0.08a 4.66±1.12a
), ArticleFig(id=1167030817290199343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of baking time on color of preserved fruits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
果脯颜色指标 烘烤时间/h
2.5 3.0 3.5
ΔL 2.15±0.69b -0.39±0.05a -0.19±0.70a
Δa -0.01±2.11a -2.83±1.47a -3.60±1.48a
Δb 3.35±0.98a 2.37±0.80a 2.83±1.49a
ΔE 4.44±0.36a 3.92±0.73a 4.92±0.17a
), ArticleFig(id=1167030817491525938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

烘烤时间对果脯颜色的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
果脯颜色指标 烘烤时间/h
2.5 3.0 3.5
ΔL 2.15±0.69b -0.39±0.05a -0.19±0.70a
Δa -0.01±2.11a -2.83±1.47a -3.60±1.48a
Δb 3.35±0.98a 2.37±0.80a 2.83±1.49a
ΔE 4.44±0.36a 3.92±0.73a 4.92±0.17a
), ArticleFig(id=1167030817822875956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Design and experimental results of response surface

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 A(柠檬酸钠
浓度)/%
B(糖液
浓度)/%
C(烘烤
时间)/h
Z(感官
评分)/分
B1 -1 -1 0 71.60
B2 1 -1 0 70.28
B3 -1 1 0 70.60
B4 1 1 0 72.24
B5 -1 0 -1 69.00
B6 1 0 -1 71.32
B7 -1 0 1 70.60
B8 1 0 1 68.44
B9 0 -1 -1 72.68
B10 0 1 -1 71.68
B11 0 -1 1 72.04
B12 0 1 1 71.92
B13 0 0 0 77.44
B14 0 0 0 75.96
B15 0 0 0 76.12
B16 0 0 0 75.20
B17 0 0 0 75.78
), ArticleFig(id=1167030817969676598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

响应面设计及试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 A(柠檬酸钠
浓度)/%
B(糖液
浓度)/%
C(烘烤
时间)/h
Z(感官
评分)/分
B1 -1 -1 0 71.60
B2 1 -1 0 70.28
B3 -1 1 0 70.60
B4 1 1 0 72.24
B5 -1 0 -1 69.00
B6 1 0 -1 71.32
B7 -1 0 1 70.60
B8 1 0 1 68.44
B9 0 -1 -1 72.68
B10 0 1 -1 71.68
B11 0 -1 1 72.04
B12 0 1 1 71.92
B13 0 0 0 77.44
B14 0 0 0 75.96
B15 0 0 0 76.12
B16 0 0 0 75.20
B17 0 0 0 75.78
), ArticleFig(id=1167030818061951288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Regression model analysis of variance table

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方差来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F P 显著性
模型 108.5500 9 12.0600 25.0600 0.0002 **
A(柠檬酸钠
浓度)
0.0288 1 0.0288 0.0598 0.8138
B(糖液浓度) 0.0032 1 0.0032 0.0066 0.9373
C(烘烤时间) 0.3528 1 0.3528 0.7331 0.4202
AB 2.1900 1 2.1900 4.5500 0.0703
AC 5.0200 1 5.0200 10.4300 0.0145 *
BC 0.1936 1 0.1936 0.4023 0.5461
A2 53.9600 1 53.9600 112.1300 <0.0001 **
B2 7.5600 1 7.5600 15.7100 0.0054 **
C2 30.2400 1 30.2400 62.8400 <0.0001 **
残差 3.3700 7 0.4813
失拟项 0.6408 3 0.2136 0.3132 0.8163
误差 2.7300 4 0.6820
总和 111.9200 16
R 0.9699
R2adj 0.9312
), ArticleFig(id=1167030818141643066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437194524193402, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

回归模型方差分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F P 显著性
模型 108.5500 9 12.0600 25.0600 0.0002 **
A(柠檬酸钠
浓度)
0.0288 1 0.0288 0.0598 0.8138
B(糖液浓度) 0.0032 1 0.0032 0.0066 0.9373
C(烘烤时间) 0.3528 1 0.3528 0.7331 0.4202
AB 2.1900 1 2.1900 4.5500 0.0703
AC 5.0200 1 5.0200 10.4300 0.0145 *
BC 0.1936 1 0.1936 0.4023 0.5461
A2 53.9600 1 53.9600 112.1300 <0.0001 **
B2 7.5600 1 7.5600 15.7100 0.0054 **
C2 30.2400 1 30.2400 62.8400 <0.0001 **
残差 3.3700 7 0.4813
失拟项 0.6408 3 0.2136 0.3132 0.8163
误差 2.7300 4 0.6820
总和 111.9200 16
R 0.9699
R2adj 0.9312
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响应面法优化红心火龙果皮果脯加工工艺
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叶丽敏 1 , 艾超 2 , 刘袆帆 1 , 谢永顺 1 , 莫清华 1 , 谢必新 1 , 王琴 1 , 马路凯 1 , 肖更生 1 , 谢曦 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品加工与工艺 2025,16(11): 275-282
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品加工与工艺 2025, 16(11): 275-282
响应面法优化红心火龙果皮果脯加工工艺
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叶丽敏1 , 艾超2, 刘袆帆1, 谢永顺1, 莫清华1, 谢必新1, 王琴1, 马路凯1, 肖更生1, 谢曦1, *
作者信息
  • 1. 仲恺农业工程学院轻工食品学院, 农业农村部岭南特色食品绿色加工与智能制造重点试验室, 广东省岭南特色食品科学与技术重点试验室, 广州 510225
  • 2. 广东海洋大学食品科技学院, 湛江 524088
  • 叶丽敏(1990—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品发酵。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 谢曦(1988—), 女, 副教授, 主要研究方向为生物技术。E-mail:
Optimization of processing technology of red pitaya peel preserved fruit by response surface methodology
Li-Min YE1 , Chao AI2, Hui-Fan LIU1, Yong-Shun XIE1, Qing-Hua MO1, Bi-Xin XIE1, Qin WANG1, Lu-Kai MA1, Geng-Sheng XIAO1, Xi XIE1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food of Ministry and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
  • 2. College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241016001
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目的 以红心火龙果皮为原料, 优化红心火龙果皮果脯的加工工艺。方法 通过单因素试验来确定影响火龙果皮果脯的3个主要因素(柠檬酸钠浓度、糖液浓度和烘烤时间)的取值范围, 并以成品的感官评分为响应值, 通过响应面法优化以确定红心火龙果果皮果脯的最佳制作工艺。结果 确定了红心火龙果皮果脯加工的最佳工艺, 护色处理的柠檬酸钠浓度为0.75%、腌渍糖液浓度40%、烘烤时间3.0 h的制作工艺下, 得到的火龙果果皮果脯色泽饱满, 口感独特。结论 本研究优化开发出了一种利用红心火龙果皮为原料制作的新型果脯产品, 有效利用了火龙果加工副产物。

火龙果皮果脯  /  响应面法  /  质构特性  /  感官评分  /  单因素试验

Objective To optimize the processing technology for preserved fruit made from red pitaya peel. Methods The 3 primary factors sodium citrate concentration, sugar solution concentration, and baking time were selected based on single factor experiments. Sensory scores of the preserved red pitaya peel fruit were used as response variables, and the optimal processing conditions were determined using response surface methodology. Results The optimal processing conditions for the peel and preserved fruit of red-fleshed pitaya was determined: 0.75% sodium citrate (for color retention), 40% sugar solution concentration and a baking time of 3.0 hours. The resulting product exhibited a vibrant color and distinctive taste. Conclusion This study proposes a novel method for producing preserved fruit using red pitaya peel, thereby effectively utilizing by-products from pitaya processing.

pitaya peel preserved fruit  /  response surface method  /  texture characteristics  /  sensory score  /  single factor experiments
叶丽敏, 艾超, 刘袆帆, 谢永顺, 莫清华, 谢必新, 王琴, 马路凯, 肖更生, 谢曦. 响应面法优化红心火龙果皮果脯加工工艺. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (11) : 275 -282 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241016001
Li-Min YE, Chao AI, Hui-Fan LIU, Yong-Shun XIE, Qing-Hua MO, Bi-Xin XIE, Qin WANG, Lu-Kai MA, Geng-Sheng XIAO, Xi XIE. Optimization of processing technology of red pitaya peel preserved fruit by response surface methodology[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (11) : 275 -282 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241016001
火龙果(Hylocereus spp.)是广泛种植在世界各地的热带或亚热带地区, 属于仙人掌科量天尺属的果实, 原产于墨西哥和中美洲以及南美洲的热带地区[1]。根据果肉和果皮的外观可分为红肉/红皮、白肉/红皮和白肉/黄皮3种火龙果[2]。在我国种植区域主要集中在广东、广西、福建和海南等地[3]。火龙果富含可溶性糖、蛋白质和钾、镁、钙等矿物质, 同时含有多酚、类黄酮和维生素C、花青素等具有抗氧化性的成分[4]。火龙果在华南地区广泛种植, 产量大, 但贮藏期短, 以鲜果销售的方式进入市场造成极大的浪费, 随着种植面积逐年扩大, 贮藏期短成为了制约火龙果产业发展的短板, 因此对火龙果进行深加工势在必行。
目前火龙果的产品开发包括果酒[5]、果醋[6]、果脯[7]、果汁[8]、果酱[9]、果干[10]、果粉[11]、酸奶[12]、益生菌饮料[13]和酵素[14]等。程志华等[15]以去皮的红心火龙果为原料, 进行酒精发酵, 研究发酵过程中的酒精度、香气和生物活性成分等。沈晓怡等[16]用去皮的红心火龙果研究营养果醋的的生产最佳工艺。李国胜等[7]以去皮的白肉火龙果为原料, 研究低糖火龙果果脯的加工工艺。多数产品开发都是以火龙果的果肉为主, 果皮占火龙果的三分之一左右, 丢弃形成极大的浪费。火龙果皮中果胶含量高达63.74%, 维生素C在7.04~7.62 mg/100 g之间, 矿物质在0.17~0.22 mg/100 g之间, 总膳食纤维在56.91~79.37 g/100 g之间, 除此之外, 果皮中还富含甜菜红素、酚类化合物、萜类化合物、生物碱等[2]。KIM等[17]研究发现火龙果皮中的总多酚和黄酮类含量比果肉高。火龙果产品的开发主要集中在火龙果的果肉上, 关于火龙果皮的研究更多集中在甜菜红素[18]、总酚[19]、花青素[20]和果胶[21]等的提取, 少数是利用火龙果皮通过发酵技术得到发酵类产品, 如廖明星等[22]利用红心火龙果皮为原料制作发酵饮料, 也有通过提取火龙果皮中的花青素, 制作成凝胶果糖[23]。火龙果皮通常被视为废弃物, 通过加工利用, 可以有效减少食品废弃物, 推动资源的循环利用, 并能延长火龙果的生产和加工链条, 增加农民和企业的收入。火龙果皮的研究利用集中在营养物质的提取, 关于加工成果脯的研究较少, 果脯水分含量低, 易于保存, 方便携带, 受人们的喜爱, 将火龙果皮开发成果脯, 可以创造新的市场机会。本研究以火龙果皮为原料, 探究柠檬酸钠浓度、渗糖过程中糖液的浓度和干燥过程中烘烤时间对火龙果果脯感官评价的影响, 旨在获得一款甜度合适, 口感适口, 色泽宜人的火龙果皮果脯。
红心火龙果(购买于沃尔玛超市万达广场广州白云店); 白砂糖[上海市糖业烟酒(集团)有限公司]; 食盐(‌广东省盐业集团有限公司); 食用级柠檬酸钠(山东英轩实业股份有限公司); 食用级抗坏血酸(河南万邦化工科技有限公司)。
HH-4恒温水浴锅(上海力辰邦西仪器科技有限公司); C-RT21E01电磁炉(美的集团股份有限公司); PTX-FA120S分析天平(精度0.1 mg, 华志福建电子科技有限公司); DHG-9203A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司); HK/ZYGY-2硬度计(北京中慧天诚科技有限公司); ColorFlex EZ色差仪(美国HunterLab公司)。
火龙果皮果脯的生产工艺流程如下:
原料→筛选→清洗→护色→灭酶漂烫→冷却→脱痒喉味→低温渗糖→烘干→冷却回软→成品包装
(1)原料筛选。选择果皮完整的新鲜火龙果, 除去表皮的鳞片和枝叶, 剥下火龙果皮, 保留果皮备用, 果肉可作其他生产加工用。
(2)清洗、切分。清洗火龙果皮表面的泥土和杂质, 修理果皮的形状, 尽可能使果皮厚度一致。
(3)护色。配制柠檬酸钠和抗坏血酸的混合溶液, 抗坏血酸的浓度为0.5%, 将火龙果皮至于混合溶液中, 保持料液比为1:2 (g:mL), 护色2 h。选择不同浓度的柠檬酸钠溶液对比护色效果。
(4)漂烫灭酶。将火龙果皮放入100 ℃的水中漂烫1 min, 达到灭酶的目的。
(5)冷却。及时将火龙果皮捞出, 至于流动水下冲洗冷却1 min, 迅速降温并除去漂烫残液。
(6)脱痒喉味。在常温下, 将火龙果皮至于柠檬酸钠和食盐的混合溶液中(0.5%柠檬酸钠和0.5%的食盐), 保持料液比为1:2, 作用20 min。
(7)低温渗糖。配制白砂糖溶液, 将火龙果皮放置在白砂糖溶液, 保持料液比为1:2 (g:mL), 在常温常压下渗糖2 h。对比不同浓度白砂糖溶液的渗糖效果对成品的感官影响。
(8)烘干。火龙果皮平铺在托盘上, 防止重叠, 温度为60 ℃。烘烤过程中及时翻面, 保证烘烤时受热均匀。
(9)包装。将冷却回软的火龙果果脯放入聚乙烯塑料袋中, 约50 g一包, 封口保存。
请10名志愿者(5男5女)经过培训后组成评定小组, 采用综合评定的方法对火龙果皮果脯的外观色泽、组织状态、口感风味、气味进行感官评分。火龙果皮果脯感官评定标准见表1
以柠檬酸钠浓度为0.5%, 渗糖浓度为40%, 烘干时间为3 h为基础试验条件, 改变单一因素变量, 分别研究护色剂柠檬酸钠浓度(0.3%、0.5%、0.8%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%)、渗糖浓度(30%、40%、50%、60%、70%)、烘烤时间(2.5、3.0、3.5 h)对火龙果皮果脯感官评分、水分、硬度和色差等指标的影响。
在单因素试验的基础上, 根据中心组合(Box-Behnken)试验设计原理, 选取柠檬酸钠浓度(A)、糖液浓度(B)、烘干时间(C) 3个因素, 以火龙果皮果脯的感官评分(Z)为响应值, 设计3因素3水平的响应面试验, 优化火龙果皮果脯加工工艺, 试验因素与水平见表2
(1)水分
火龙果皮果脯的水测定分采用GB 5009.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》中的直接干燥法。每个样品做3次平行试验, 结果取平均值。
(2)硬度
采用硬度计随机测量不同制作方式的果脯的硬度, 在果脯上随机取3个点测量, 每种样品重复5次。
(3)色差
采用色差计测定火龙果皮果脯色泽, 同一个样品选取3处测量取平均值。火龙果皮果脯与鲜火龙果皮的色差值(ΔE)的计算见公式(1)。
$\Delta E=\sqrt{{{(L-{{L}_{0}})}^{2}}+{{(a-{{a}_{0}})}^{2}}+{{(b-{{b}_{0}})}^{2}}}$
式中: L为火龙果皮果脯亮度值; L0为鲜火龙果皮亮度值; a为火龙果皮果脯红度值; a0为鲜火龙果皮红度值; b为火龙果皮果脯黄度值; b0为鲜火龙果皮黄度值。
本研究的单因素相关数据的收集和整理工作使用OriginPro 2024和IBM SPSS Statistics 20统计软件对试验数据进行分析及绘图。利用Design-Expert 8.0.6 进行响应面分析, 结果以均值±标准偏差表示。
火龙果皮果脯在制作过程中甜菜红素不稳定, 容易发生褐变, 本研究利用柠檬酸钠进行护色, 设置6个浓度(分别为0.3%、0.5%、0.8%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%), 观察柠檬酸钠对火龙果皮果脯护色的效果。火龙果皮呈现红色主要是其富含甜菜红素, 甜菜红素在pH 3~7的范围内保持较强的稳定性, 同时有研究表明K+、Mg+、Na+等金属离子对火龙果果皮中的甜菜红素的稳定性有一定的促进作用, 而Fe3+、Al3+、Cu2+、Fe2+则相反[2]。由表3的数据可以发现各个浓度的柠檬酸钠护色后的火龙果皮果脯均与鲜火龙果皮有色差, 其中柠檬酸钠浓度为0.5%和0.8%的色差偏大, 可能是因为柠檬酸钠溶液引起pH变化导致甜菜红素不稳定, 红色褪去; 在浓度为1.0%和1.5%时护色效果有明显改善, 可能时因为柠檬酸钠中的钠离子起到稳定甜菜红素的作用。与王春丽[24]研究结果相同, 探究金属离子对红甜菜色素稳定性的影响, Na+对红甜菜色素保留率在70%以上, 且对溶液的色差影响较少。张晓宁等[25]研究不同浓度盐离子胁迫对翅碱蓬幼苗的甜菜红素影响, 随着NaC1浓度的升高甜菜红素含量呈先增加后减少的趋势。
柠檬酸钠除护色外还可作为酸度调节剂, 改善产品风味和口感, 但添加的柠檬酸钠高于1.0%时, 过量的柠檬酸钠会让果脯带有怪味影响其感官评价。由图1可知, 火龙果果脯水分含量低, 则硬度高, 主要是水分的减少会影响果脯的质构。综合火龙果皮果脯的外观色泽、组织形态、口感风味和气味进行感官评价, 柠檬酸钠浓度为0.8%感官评分最高, 72.6分。
果脯生产的重要原料之一是蔗糖, 蔗糖的添加可以增加果脯的风味和改善口感, 糖可以让果蔬原料发生渗透作用, 影响水分含量, 含水量不同的果脯口感不同, 适宜的糖浓度可以使果脯香甜软糯, 甜度宜人[26]。如图2所示, 火龙果皮经不同浓度的糖液处理, 经烘干后水分含量有明显差异, 糖液浓度在50%以上, 水分含量更低, 与RAHMAN等[27]的研究一致, 经过糖液渗透处理的果蔬由于渗透作用脱水, 初始含水量比未经糖液渗透处理的低, 且高浓度产生更高的压力梯度, 因此在高糖溶液中处理的样品显示出更高的干燥速率。由于水分损失大, 火龙果皮果脯的硬度随着水分的降低而升高, 硬度过高导致火龙果皮果脯难咀嚼, 不符合人们对果脯口感软糯的需求, 因此感官评分发生下降。与隋勇等[28]优化低糖甘薯果脯工艺中糖度影响果脯的感官评价相同, 高浓度糖液使果脯水分快速析出, 果脯甜腻, 口感偏硬, 感官评分低。
高浓度的糖液产生渗透作用, 在干燥过程中, 水果表面形成的糖层在对流干燥过程中对空气形成屏障, 防止褐变[29]。如表4所示, 糖液浓度为60%和70%的火龙果皮果脯与鲜火龙果皮的色差更小, 但由于糖度高, 甜腻导致感官评分低, 综合考虑口感、甜度及颜色等因素, 40%为最佳糖液浓度。
烘干是果脯制作过程中的重要工艺, 烘干时长影响水分及硬度, 直接影响果脯的口感[30], 适当的含水量可使果脯有韧劲, 但含水量过低, 得到的果脯质地偏硬, 出现干瘪现象, 影响果脯硬度和感官评分。由图3可知, 当烘烤时间为3.0 h时, 此时的果脯肉质紧密、饱满度好、火龙果香气浓郁, 感官评分达到最佳。当果脯烘烤时间过短, 果脯内部的物质无法均匀分散到果脯内部各处, 果脯颜色不均匀, 糖分渗透不充分, 果脯表面糖液较多且未烘干; 而烘烤时间过长, 果脯因长时间的高温烘烤而大量失水, 表面皱缩且口感干涩偏硬, 火龙果香气挥发。
甜菜红素稳定性受温度影响, 随温度的升高, 吸光度先增大后减小, 在40 ℃时, 吸光度达到最小值[31], 因此火龙果皮果脯在烘干过程中甜菜红素含量会减少。由表5可知, 不同烘烤时间的火龙果皮果脯色差均与鲜火龙果皮有差异, Δa在加工后为负值, 说明红度下降, Δb为正值, 说明颜色偏黄, 且随着时间的延长, Δa偏向负值越大。红色的损失主要是由于甜菜红色在烘干过程中不稳定, 在高温的条件下色素发生降解, 火龙果皮果脯由红色变为棕红色。这与BACCUS-TAYLOR等[32]的研究结果一致, 新鲜的波美拉克由于果肉呈深红色, 红色值大, 制成蜜饯的波美拉克在干燥过程中变成浅棕色, 红色值下降, 是由于花青素在高温的条件下不稳定发生分解所导致。随着红色色差的增大, 火龙果皮果脯的颜色变为棕红色, 影响感官评分。综合考虑火龙果果脯的硬度及色差, 在烘烤时间为3.0 h的条件下感官评分最高。
在火龙果皮果脯单因素试验的基础上, 以柠檬酸钠浓度、糖液浓度和烘烤时间为自变量, 火龙果皮果脯感官评分为响应值, 研究自变量及各因素间的交互作用对火龙果果皮果脯感官评价的影响。试验设计及结果见表6
表6进行多元回归拟合处理之后, 分别获取到火龙果皮果脯感官评分值(Z)、柠檬酸钠浓度(A)、糖液浓度(B)、烘烤时间(C)的二次方程模型为: Z=76.10+0.0600A- 0.0200B-0.2100C+0.7400AB-1.12AC+0.2200BC-3.58A2-1.34B2 -2.68C2, 回归模型的方差分析结果见表7
表7分析得出, 所选因素对感官评分的影响强弱顺序为C(烘烤时间)>A(柠檬酸钠浓度)>B(糖液浓度)。该回归方程P=0.0002<0.05, 说明模型建立极显著; 失拟项P=0.8163>0.05不显著, 说明试验所得二次回归方程能很好地对响应值进行预测; 因变量与所考察自变量之间的复相关数R2=0.9699说明该模型拟合程度较好, 试验误差小。模型调整确定系数R2adj=0.9312, 说明该模型能解释93.12%响应值的变化, 拟合程度较好。从表7图4可以看出, 各个交互因素的最佳作用点都落在试验范围内, 经过优化, 得到最佳的工艺为柠檬酸钠浓度为0.753%、糖液浓度为39.92%、烘烤时间为2.98 h, 在此优化条件下, 感官评分的理论预测值为76.11分。但考虑到实际工艺操作, 将柠檬酸钠浓度改为0.75%、糖液浓度改为40%、烘烤时间3 h。在经过3次重复试验验证, 在优化后的试验条件下, 所得产品的感官评分的平均值为73.24分, 接近预测值。因此, 在响应曲面分析法优化分析得出的试验结果准确可靠, 具有稳定性和实用性。
试验在单因素试验的基础上, 使用响应曲面分析法制作火龙果果脯的条件进行优化, 以感官评分作为标准得出优化工艺条件: 柠檬酸钠浓度修正为0.75%、糖液浓度修正为40%、烘烤时间3.0 h; 在此条件下, 感官评分为73.24分, 试验所得产品颜色均匀一致、肉质致密、饱满度好柔软适度, 韧性适中, 无杂质, 甜度和咸度适中火龙果香气较浓、无异味。该果脯的研发对促进火龙果深加工、提升火龙果的价值开发具有一定的意义。
  • 广州市重点研发计划项目(2023B03J0821)
  • 江门市基础与应用基础研究重点项目(2220002000277)
  • 广东省重点研发计划项目(2023B20205001)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241016001
  • 接收时间:2024-10-16
  • 首发时间:2025-07-14
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-16
基金
广州市重点研发计划项目(2023B03J0821)
江门市基础与应用基础研究重点项目(2220002000277)
广东省重点研发计划项目(2023B20205001)
作者信息
    1. 仲恺农业工程学院轻工食品学院, 农业农村部岭南特色食品绿色加工与智能制造重点试验室, 广东省岭南特色食品科学与技术重点试验室, 广州 510225
    2. 广东海洋大学食品科技学院, 湛江 524088

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* 谢曦(1988—), 女, 副教授, 主要研究方向为生物技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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