Article(id=1151437193660166776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250106002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736092800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752453619637, onlineDateStr=2025-07-14, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752453619637, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752453619637, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752453619637, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151437189243089177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752453618584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767768054466, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=292, endPage=299, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151895328472527514, articleId=1151437193660166776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Preparation of compound beverage by Dendrobium officinale and analysis of its immunomodulatory effect, columnId=1151895321719223288, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Processing and Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To optimize the formulation of Dendrobium officinale compound beverage and investigate its immunomodulatory effects. Methods Single-factor experiments were first conducted to explore the effects of concentrated juices from Dendrobium officinale, Polygonatum sibiricum, Astragalus membranaceus, mulberry and wolfberry on the sensory quality of the compound beverage. Subsequently, orthogonal tests were employed to optimize the formulation and determine the optimal recipe. The immunomodulatory effects were further studied using a zebrafish model. Results The optimal ingredient ratio for the Dendrobium officinale compound beverage was determined as follows: 70% Dendrobium officinale concentrated juice, 1% Polygonatum sibiricum concentrated juice, 1% Astragalus membranaceus concentrated juice, 10% mulberry concentrated juice and 5% wolfberry concentrated juice. The beverage prepared with this formulation achieved the highest sensory score. Different concentrations of the compound beverage (7.81, 15.60 and 31.20 μL/mL) significantly increased neutrophil levels in the zebrafish tail and upregulated the relative gene expression of interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Conclusion The Dendrobium officinale compound beverage exhibits a deep brown color, uniform appearance, pleasant flavor and excellent taste, demonstrating significant immune-enhancing effects.

, correspAuthors=Tu-Di YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tu-Di YANG, Chang-Qing LIU, Li-Fei SONG, Ming ZHOU, Fang-Ni YU, Shun-Yang BAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151895330406101718, articleId=1151437193660166776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=铁皮石斛复合饮料的研制及其免疫调节作用研究, columnId=1151895322281734685, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品加工与工艺, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 优化铁皮石斛复合饮料配方, 研究其免疫调节作用。方法 首先采用单因素试验探究铁皮石斛、黄精、黄芪、桑椹、枸杞等浓缩汁添加量对复合饮料感官品质的影响, 进而采用正交试验, 对复合饮料配方进行优化, 确定铁皮石斛复合饮料最优配方, 并利用斑马鱼模型研究其免疫调节作用。结果 铁皮石斛浓缩汁70%、黄精浓缩汁1%、黄芪浓缩汁1%、桑椹浓缩汁10%、枸杞浓缩汁5%为铁皮石斛复合饮料的最佳配料比, 按此配方所得的复合饮料感官评分最高; 不同质量浓度的铁皮石斛复合饮料组(7.81、15.60、31.20 μL/mL)能显著上调斑马鱼的尾部中性粒细胞, 显著提高白细胞介素-12和肿瘤坏死因子-α基因相对表达量。结论 铁皮石斛复合饮料呈深褐色、色泽纯正均匀、风味佳、口感优良, 具有显著增强免疫力的功效。

, correspAuthors=杨土娣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 杨土娣(1996—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为中药质量控制研究、大健康功能性产品开发。E-mail:
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Research progress on the interleukin-12 family and its association with infectious diseases[J]. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, 2014, 32(6): 443-446., articleTitle=Research progress on the interleukin-12 family and its association with infectious diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167030629943227262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=56, authorNames=JANG DI, LEE AH, SHIN HY, journalName=International journal of Molecular Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JANG DI, LEE AH, SHIN HY, et al. The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in autoimmune disease and current TNF-α inhibitors in therapeutics[J]. International journal of Molecular Sciences, DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052719.., articleTitle=The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in autoimmune disease and current TNF-α inhibitors in therapeutics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167030629989364607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=25, issue=6, pageStart=38, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=57, authorNames=丁海杰, 龚欣, 王烨, journalName=饮料工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=丁海杰, 龚欣, 王烨, 等. 铁皮石斛西兰花大豆多肽复合饮料的研制[J]. 饮料工业, 2022, 25(6): 38-43., articleTitle=铁皮石斛西兰花大豆多肽复合饮料的研制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167030630031307648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=25, issue=6, pageStart=38, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=58, authorNames=DING HJ, GONG X, WANG Y, journalName=Beverage Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DING HJ, GONG X, WANG Y, et al. 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Beverage Industry, 2022, 25(6): 38-43., articleTitle=Development of compound beverage of Dendrobium officinale, broccoli and soybean polypeptide, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167030630081639297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=10, pageStart=95, pageEnd=97, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=59, authorNames=夏克中, 杨芳亮, 沈春香, journalName=现代食品, refType=null, unstructuredReference=夏克中, 杨芳亮, 沈春香. 铁皮石斛花乌龙茶复合饮料制备工艺研究[J]. 现代食品, 2024, 30(10): 95-97., articleTitle=铁皮石斛花乌龙茶复合饮料制备工艺研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167030630148748162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=10, pageStart=95, pageEnd=97, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=60, authorNames=XIA KZ, YANG FL, SHEN CX, journalName=Modern Food, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIA KZ, YANG FL, SHEN CX. Study on preparation technology of Dendrobium officinale flower oolong tea complex beverage[J]. Modern Food, 2024, 30(10): 95-97., articleTitle=Study on preparation technology of Dendrobium officinale flower oolong tea complex beverage, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1167030625597928261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, awardId=黔科合支撑〔2023〕一般475, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑〔2023〕一般475), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167030621781111553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030621785305858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, companyId=1167030621781111553, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Guangzhou Zeli Pharmatech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030621793694467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, companyId=1167030621781111553, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 广州泽力医药科技有限公司, 广州 510663)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167030621848220420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030621852414725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, companyId=1167030621848220420, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Libo Pusheng Dendrobium Officinale Development Co., Ltd., Libo 558400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030621860803334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, companyId=1167030621848220420, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 荔波普生铁皮石斛开发有限责任公司, 荔波 558400)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167030624087978801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and levels of orthogonal experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A(铁皮石斛
提取液
添加量)/%
B(桑椹浓缩汁
添加量)/%
C(黄精浓缩汁
添加量)/%
D(枸杞浓缩汁
添加量)/%
1 50 8 1 3
2 60 10 3 4
3 70 12 5 5
), ArticleFig(id=1167030624159281970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

正交因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A(铁皮石斛
提取液
添加量)/%
B(桑椹浓缩汁
添加量)/%
C(黄精浓缩汁
添加量)/%
D(枸杞浓缩汁
添加量)/%
1 50 8 1 3
2 60 10 3 4
3 70 12 5 5
), ArticleFig(id=1167030624226390835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensory evaluation standards

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 评分标准 分值
/分
风味
(30分)
香气协调柔和, 有石斛、桑椹、枸杞的混合气味 20~30
复合香气不够柔和, 部分原料气味突出 10~19
风味一般, 气味过淡或过浓 0~9
色泽
(10分)
棕黑色, 色泽均匀, 有光泽 6~10
色泽不均匀, 无光泽 1~5
组织形态
(25分)
质地均匀一致, 无沉淀, 无分层现象 16~25
质地基本均匀一致, 含少量沉淀 6~15
质地不均匀, 沉淀明显, 分层现象明显 1~5
口感
(35分)
偏酸或偏甜, 口感顺滑 21~35
过酸或过甜, 口感粗糙, 有涩味 11~20
有苦味, 口味刺激, 口感不佳 1~10
), ArticleFig(id=1167030624285111092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 评分标准 分值
/分
风味
(30分)
香气协调柔和, 有石斛、桑椹、枸杞的混合气味 20~30
复合香气不够柔和, 部分原料气味突出 10~19
风味一般, 气味过淡或过浓 0~9
色泽
(10分)
棕黑色, 色泽均匀, 有光泽 6~10
色泽不均匀, 无光泽 1~5
组织形态
(25分)
质地均匀一致, 无沉淀, 无分层现象 16~25
质地基本均匀一致, 含少量沉淀 6~15
质地不均匀, 沉淀明显, 分层现象明显 1~5
口感
(35分)
偏酸或偏甜, 口感顺滑 21~35
过酸或过甜, 口感粗糙, 有涩味 11~20
有苦味, 口味刺激, 口感不佳 1~10
), ArticleFig(id=1167030624389968693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Group of laboratory animal (n=30)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 成分
正常对照组
模型对照组 酒石酸长春瑞滨+水
阳性对照组 百令胶囊(15.0 µg/mL)+酒石酸长春瑞滨+水
铁皮石斛复合饮料
(7.81 μL/mL)
铁皮石斛复合饮料(7.81 μL/mL)酒石酸长春瑞滨+水
铁皮石斛复合饮料
(15.6 μL/mL)
铁皮石斛复合饮料(15.6 μL/mL)酒石酸长春瑞滨+水
铁皮石斛复合饮料
(31.2 μL/mL)
铁皮石斛复合饮料(31.2 μL/mL)酒石酸长春瑞滨+水
), ArticleFig(id=1167030624482243382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验动物分组(n=30)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 成分
正常对照组
模型对照组 酒石酸长春瑞滨+水
阳性对照组 百令胶囊(15.0 µg/mL)+酒石酸长春瑞滨+水
铁皮石斛复合饮料
(7.81 μL/mL)
铁皮石斛复合饮料(7.81 μL/mL)酒石酸长春瑞滨+水
铁皮石斛复合饮料
(15.6 μL/mL)
铁皮石斛复合饮料(15.6 μL/mL)酒石酸长春瑞滨+水
铁皮石斛复合饮料
(31.2 μL/mL)
铁皮石斛复合饮料(31.2 μL/mL)酒石酸长春瑞滨+水
), ArticleFig(id=1167030624545157943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Concentration and purity of total RNA (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 浓度
RNA浓度/(μg/μL) 纯度(A260/A280)
样本1 样本2 样本3 样本1 样本2 样本3
正常对照组 - 0.901 0.926 0.923 1.96 1.92 1.93
模型对照组 - 0.825 0.804 0.724 1.92 1.96 1.95
百令胶囊 15.0 µg/mL 0.833 0.840 0.825 1.95 1.96 1.95
铁皮石斛
复合饮料
7.81 µL/mL 0.724 0.727 0.647 1.96 1.96 1.92
15.60 µL/mL 0.541 0.798 0.800 1.99 1.97 1.98
31.20 µL/mL 0.732 0.862 0.730 1.96 1.95 1.96
), ArticleFig(id=1167030624620655416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

总RNA的浓度及纯度(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 浓度
RNA浓度/(μg/μL) 纯度(A260/A280)
样本1 样本2 样本3 样本1 样本2 样本3
正常对照组 - 0.901 0.926 0.923 1.96 1.92 1.93
模型对照组 - 0.825 0.804 0.724 1.92 1.96 1.95
百令胶囊 15.0 µg/mL 0.833 0.840 0.825 1.95 1.96 1.95
铁皮石斛
复合饮料
7.81 µL/mL 0.724 0.727 0.647 1.96 1.96 1.92
15.60 µL/mL 0.541 0.798 0.800 1.99 1.97 1.98
31.20 µL/mL 0.732 0.862 0.730 1.96 1.95 1.96
), ArticleFig(id=1167030624704541497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Information of primer sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因 引物序列
β-actin 正向 5'-TCGAGCAGGAGATGGGAACC-3'
反向 5'-CTCGTGGATACCGCAAGATTC-3'
IL-12 正向 5'-ACTCCTACAAGCCCAGCAC-3'
反向 5'-GGACACTCGGTCGTCAAAC-3'
TNF-α 正向 5'-ATCTTCAAAGTCGGGTGTATG-3'
反向 5'-TGTGCCCAGTCTGTCTCC-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1167030624767456058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

引物序列信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因 引物序列
β-actin 正向 5'-TCGAGCAGGAGATGGGAACC-3'
反向 5'-CTCGTGGATACCGCAAGATTC-3'
IL-12 正向 5'-ACTCCTACAAGCCCAGCAC-3'
反向 5'-GGACACTCGGTCGTCAAAC-3'
TNF-α 正向 5'-ATCTTCAAAGTCGGGTGTATG-3'
反向 5'-TGTGCCCAGTCTGTCTCC-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1167030624842953531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Design and results of orthogonal tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 A B C D 感官评分/分
1 1 1 1 1 76
2 1 2 2 2 79
3 1 3 3 3 77
4 2 1 2 3 80
5 2 2 3 1 79
6 2 3 1 2 78
7 3 1 3 2 76
8 3 2 1 3 86
9 3 3 2 1 80
k1 77.33 77.33 80.00 78.33
k2 79.00 81.33 79.67 77.67
k3 80.67 78.33 77.33 81.00
R 3.34 4.00 2.67 3.33
因素主次 B>A>D>C
最佳工艺 A3B2C1D3
), ArticleFig(id=1167030624943616828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

正交试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 A B C D 感官评分/分
1 1 1 1 1 76
2 1 2 2 2 79
3 1 3 3 3 77
4 2 1 2 3 80
5 2 2 3 1 79
6 2 3 1 2 78
7 3 1 3 2 76
8 3 2 1 3 86
9 3 3 2 1 80
k1 77.33 77.33 80.00 78.33
k2 79.00 81.33 79.67 77.67
k3 80.67 78.33 77.33 81.00
R 3.34 4.00 2.67 3.33
因素主次 B>A>D>C
最佳工艺 A3B2C1D3
), ArticleFig(id=1167030625019114301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Table of variance analysis of orthogonal experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变异来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F 显著性
A 16.67 2 1.130 19.00 -
B 26.00 2 2.050 19.00 -
C 12.67 2 1.000 19.00 -
D 18.67 2 1.474 19.00 -
误差 12.67 2 0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1167030625082028862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

正交试验方差分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变异来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F 显著性
A 16.67 2 1.130 19.00 -
B 26.00 2 2.050 19.00 -
C 12.67 2 1.000 19.00 -
D 18.67 2 1.474 19.00 -
误差 12.67 2 0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1167030625157526335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

MTC of zebrafish to Dendrobium officinale compound beverage (n=30)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(μL/mL) 死亡数
/尾
死亡率/% 表型
正常对照组 / 0 0 未见明显异常
模型对照组 / 0 0 未见明显异常
铁皮石斛复合饮料 7.81 0 0 与模型对照组状态相似
15.60 0 0 与模型对照组状态相似
31.20 0 0 与模型对照组状态相似
62.50 20 67 /
125.00 30 100 /
), ArticleFig(id=1167030625212052288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

斑马鱼对铁皮石斛复合饮料的MTC (n=30)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 质量浓度/(μL/mL) 死亡数
/尾
死亡率/% 表型
正常对照组 / 0 0 未见明显异常
模型对照组 / 0 0 未见明显异常
铁皮石斛复合饮料 7.81 0 0 与模型对照组状态相似
15.60 0 0 与模型对照组状态相似
31.20 0 0 与模型对照组状态相似
62.50 20 67 /
125.00 30 100 /
), ArticleFig(id=1167030625274966849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Effects of Dendrobium officinale compound beverage on the number of neutrophils in zebrafish (n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 浓度 尾部中性粒细胞数量/个
正常对照组 / 67.10±1.88
模型对照组 / 47.10±1.48&&&
百令胶囊 15.0 µg/mL 60.60±2.92***
铁皮石斛复合饮料 7.81 µL/mL 50.40±2.36
15.60 µL/mL 50.70±2.72
31.20 µL/mL 57.10±3.84*
), ArticleFig(id=1167030625321104194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

铁皮石斛复合饮料对斑马鱼中性粒细胞数目的影响(n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 浓度 尾部中性粒细胞数量/个
正常对照组 / 67.10±1.88
模型对照组 / 47.10±1.48&&&
百令胶囊 15.0 µg/mL 60.60±2.92***
铁皮石斛复合饮料 7.81 µL/mL 50.40±2.36
15.60 µL/mL 50.70±2.72
31.20 µL/mL 57.10±3.84*
), ArticleFig(id=1167030625392407363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Effects of Dendrobium officinale compound beverage on IL-12、TNF-α gene expression (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 浓度 IL-12基因相对
表达量
TNF-α基因相对
表达量
正常
对照组
/ 2.110±0.012 2.080±0.104
模型
对照组
/ 1.000±0.057&&& 1.000±0.124&&
百令胶囊 15.0 µg/mL 2.090±0.216** 1.970±0.190*
铁皮石斛复合饮料 7.81 µL/mL 1.170±0.142 1.220±0.024
15.60 µL/mL 1.310±0.082 1.250±0.050
31.20 µL/mL 1.800±0.278* 1.730±0.270*
), ArticleFig(id=1167030625442739012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193660166776, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

铁皮石斛复合饮料对IL-12、TNF-α基因表达量的影响(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 浓度 IL-12基因相对
表达量
TNF-α基因相对
表达量
正常
对照组
/ 2.110±0.012 2.080±0.104
模型
对照组
/ 1.000±0.057&&& 1.000±0.124&&
百令胶囊 15.0 µg/mL 2.090±0.216** 1.970±0.190*
铁皮石斛复合饮料 7.81 µL/mL 1.170±0.142 1.220±0.024
15.60 µL/mL 1.310±0.082 1.250±0.050
31.20 µL/mL 1.800±0.278* 1.730±0.270*
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铁皮石斛复合饮料的研制及其免疫调节作用研究
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杨土娣 1, * , 刘常青 1 , 宋力飞 1 , 周明 2 , 玉妨妮 2 , 白顺扬 2
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品加工与工艺 2025,16(11): 292-299
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品加工与工艺 2025, 16(11): 292-299
铁皮石斛复合饮料的研制及其免疫调节作用研究
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杨土娣1, * , 刘常青1, 宋力飞1, 周明2, 玉妨妮2, 白顺扬2
作者信息
  • 1. 广州泽力医药科技有限公司, 广州 510663
  • 2. 荔波普生铁皮石斛开发有限责任公司, 荔波 558400

通讯作者:

* 杨土娣(1996—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为中药质量控制研究、大健康功能性产品开发。E-mail:
Preparation of compound beverage by Dendrobium officinale and analysis of its immunomodulatory effect
Tu-Di YANG1, * , Chang-Qing LIU1, Li-Fei SONG1, Ming ZHOU2, Fang-Ni YU2, Shun-Yang BAI2
Affiliations
  • 1. Guangzhou Zeli Pharmatech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
  • 2. Libo Pusheng Dendrobium Officinale Development Co., Ltd., Libo 558400, China
出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250106002
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目的 优化铁皮石斛复合饮料配方, 研究其免疫调节作用。方法 首先采用单因素试验探究铁皮石斛、黄精、黄芪、桑椹、枸杞等浓缩汁添加量对复合饮料感官品质的影响, 进而采用正交试验, 对复合饮料配方进行优化, 确定铁皮石斛复合饮料最优配方, 并利用斑马鱼模型研究其免疫调节作用。结果 铁皮石斛浓缩汁70%、黄精浓缩汁1%、黄芪浓缩汁1%、桑椹浓缩汁10%、枸杞浓缩汁5%为铁皮石斛复合饮料的最佳配料比, 按此配方所得的复合饮料感官评分最高; 不同质量浓度的铁皮石斛复合饮料组(7.81、15.60、31.20 μL/mL)能显著上调斑马鱼的尾部中性粒细胞, 显著提高白细胞介素-12和肿瘤坏死因子-α基因相对表达量。结论 铁皮石斛复合饮料呈深褐色、色泽纯正均匀、风味佳、口感优良, 具有显著增强免疫力的功效。

铁皮石斛  /  单因素试验  /  复合饮料  /  配方优化  /  感官品质  /  免疫调节

Objective To optimize the formulation of Dendrobium officinale compound beverage and investigate its immunomodulatory effects. Methods Single-factor experiments were first conducted to explore the effects of concentrated juices from Dendrobium officinale, Polygonatum sibiricum, Astragalus membranaceus, mulberry and wolfberry on the sensory quality of the compound beverage. Subsequently, orthogonal tests were employed to optimize the formulation and determine the optimal recipe. The immunomodulatory effects were further studied using a zebrafish model. Results The optimal ingredient ratio for the Dendrobium officinale compound beverage was determined as follows: 70% Dendrobium officinale concentrated juice, 1% Polygonatum sibiricum concentrated juice, 1% Astragalus membranaceus concentrated juice, 10% mulberry concentrated juice and 5% wolfberry concentrated juice. The beverage prepared with this formulation achieved the highest sensory score. Different concentrations of the compound beverage (7.81, 15.60 and 31.20 μL/mL) significantly increased neutrophil levels in the zebrafish tail and upregulated the relative gene expression of interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Conclusion The Dendrobium officinale compound beverage exhibits a deep brown color, uniform appearance, pleasant flavor and excellent taste, demonstrating significant immune-enhancing effects.

Dendrobium officinale  /  single factors experiment  /  compound beverages  /  formula optimization  /  sensory quality  /  immunomodulation
杨土娣, 刘常青, 宋力飞, 周明, 玉妨妮, 白顺扬. 铁皮石斛复合饮料的研制及其免疫调节作用研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (11) : 292 -299 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250106002
Tu-Di YANG, Chang-Qing LIU, Li-Fei SONG, Ming ZHOU, Fang-Ni YU, Shun-Yang BAI. Preparation of compound beverage by Dendrobium officinale and analysis of its immunomodulatory effect[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (11) : 292 -299 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250106002
后疫情时代, 由于免疫力减弱导致的免疫性疾病逐渐增多[1], 可见增强免疫力是新世纪人类保持健康的首要任务。在中医药基础理论指导下, 药食同源类中药材提取物被开发成具有增强免疫力功效的饮品, 以期成为助力人类健康发展的重要抓手。铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo)是兰科石斛属的一种多年生附生草本植物。铁皮石斛含有多糖[2](约35%)、黄酮类[3](约0.07%)、生物碱[4](约0.03%)、芪类化合物[5]、氨基酸[6]、维生素[7]等多种功效成分。据药理研究报告显示, 铁皮石斛具有多种功效活性, 如增强免疫力[8]、降血糖[9]、抗病毒[10]、抗氧化[11]、抑制肿瘤细胞生长[12]等。黄精主要包括多糖、皂苷、黄酮、氨基酸及无机盐、挥发油、木脂素、生物碱等成分, 其中多糖和皂苷是黄精发挥药理活性的关键成分[13]。黄精具有多种药理活性, 如抗氧化、抗衰老、调节免疫、抗肿瘤、降血糖、调血脂等[14]。黄芪含有多糖、黄酮类和皂苷类化合物等多种成分, 具有调节免疫、抗癌、降血糖、抗氧化、保护心脏和保肝等作用[15]。桑椹含有丰富的化学成分, 包括黄酮类、酚酸类、多糖类、生物碱类、苯丙素类、苯并呋喃类、萜类及甾醇类等; 现代药理研究已证实桑椹提取物具有降血糖、调血脂、保肝及神经保护等多种重要生物活性[16]。枸杞含有多糖、多种氨基酸、牛磺酸、生物碱等化学成分[17], 其药用价值包括调节免疫系统, 有效预防心血管疾病[18]。铁皮石斛位列“中华九大仙草”首位, 营养成分丰富, 药用价值高[19], 铁皮石斛逐渐被用来研制复合饮料, 但大多数配方中均添加了食品添加剂, 且鲜有报道对研制的复合饮料进行免疫调节作用研究[20-21]
斑马鱼具有众多优点, 使其成为生物医学研究中的重要模式生物, 如, 体型小, 繁殖周期短、身体完全透明、繁殖能力强, 与人类基因同源性高达85%等优点[22]。研究表明[23-24], 斑马鱼的免疫系统在结构和功能上与其他高等脊椎动物相似, 其免疫细胞主要包括中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞(B细胞和T细胞)。现阶段荧光标记的转基因品系斑马鱼模型在增强免疫等功能性食品领域的功效评价中具有广泛的应用前景[25-26]
鉴于铁皮石斛、黄精、黄芪、桑椹、枸杞均具有提高免疫力等功效, 本研究选用铁皮石斛为主要原料, 并加以黄精、桑椹、黄芪和枸杞进行科学组合, 采用现代新型提取技术-高效高压差低温连续式提取浓缩分离技术(high-pressure differential and low temperature continuous extraction, HHLSE)提取制成铁皮石斛复合饮料, 并采用单因素试验及正交试验, 对复合饮料配方进行优化, 确定铁皮石斛复合饮料最优配方, 并利用斑马鱼模型研究其免疫调节作用, 为铁皮石斛等天然中药材资源的精深加工提供参考, 并为铁皮石斛复合饮料调节免疫力作用提供理论基础和试验指导。
铁皮石斛(荔波普生铁皮石斛开发有限责任公司); 桑椹、枸杞、黄精(玉林市弘健中药材有限公司); 黄芪(达茂旗天创中药材科技有限公司); 百令®百令胶囊(以下简称百令胶囊, 杭州中美华东制药有限公司); 斑马鱼(杭州环特生物科技有限股份有限公司)。
甲基纤维素(质量浓度65 mg/mL, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 酒石酸长春瑞滨注射液(质量浓度0.2 mg/mL, 江苏豪森药业股份有限公司); 氯化钠注射液(纯度0.9%, 湖南科伦制药有限公司); biorad绿色荧光定量预混液(美国Bio-Rad公司); Hifair III即用型逆转录预混液[翌圣生物科技(上海)股份有限公司]; 总RNA提取试剂(通用型)(佛山奥维生物科技有限公司)。
GY-B5-YF-11014高效高压差连续式低温提取分离浓缩集成技术装备(广州泽力医药科技有限公司); DV215CD型电子天平(精度0.1 mg, 上海奥豪斯公司); SZX7解剖显微镜(日本OLYMPUS公司); CP214精密电子天平(精度0.001 mg, 美国OHAUS公司); T100普通PCR扩增仪(美国Bio-Rad公司); Heraeus Fresco17高速冷冻离心机、Nanodrop 2000紫外-可见光分光光度计(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); BE-6100微孔板迷你离心机(海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司); Auto-Pure32A全自动核酸提取仪(杭州奥盛仪器有限公司); JP-010T超声波清洗机(深圳市洁盟清洗设备有限公司)。
铁皮石斛浓缩汁、桑椹浓缩汁、枸杞浓缩汁、黄精浓缩汁、黄芪浓缩汁(以上原材均符合2020年中国药典要求)→混合调配→瞬时灭菌→分装→成品。
(1)铁皮石斛浓缩汁的制备
铁皮石斛药材(干品)采用0.8 mm筛网干法粉碎得细碎品, 加31倍纯化水经HHLSE[27]制成铁皮石斛浓缩汁(固含量1.5%, 投入:产出=1:25~1:27, V:V, 下同)。
(2)桑椹浓缩汁的制备
桑椹药材采用1.2 mm筛网湿法粉碎得细碎浆, 加31倍纯化水经HHLSE[27]制成桑椹浓缩汁(固含量45%, 投入:产出=1:0.9~1:1.1)。
(3)枸杞浓缩汁的制备
枸杞药材采用1.2 mm筛网湿法粉碎得细碎浆, 加31倍纯化水经HHLSE[27]制成枸杞浓缩汁(固含量45%, 投入: 产出=1: 1~1:1.2)。
(4)黄精浓缩汁的制备
黄精药材经蒸制(蒸制温度121 ℃, 时间20 min), 后采用1.2 mm筛网湿法粉碎得细碎浆, 加31倍纯化水经HHLSE制成铁皮石斛浓缩汁(固含量23%, 投入:产出=1:2~1:2.2)[27]
(5)黄芪浓缩汁的制备
黄芪药材(干品)采用0.8 mm筛网干法粉碎得细碎品, 加31倍纯化水经HHLSE制成铁皮石斛浓缩汁(固含量6%, 投入:产出=1:3.5~1:3.8)[27]
(6)混合调配
将铁皮石斛浓缩汁、桑椹浓缩汁、枸杞浓缩汁、黄精浓缩汁、黄芪浓缩汁按试验配方充分混合调配、瞬时灭菌、分装将混合完的复合饮料再经灭菌、分装等工序即得铁皮石斛复合饮料成品。
配制铁皮石斛复合饮料, 分别添加40%、50%、60%、70%、80%的铁皮石斛浓缩汁, 添加5%桑椹浓缩汁添加量、3%枸杞浓缩汁添加量、3%黄精浓缩汁添加量、1%黄芪浓缩汁添加量, 重复3次, 以感官评价总分为指标, 确定铁皮石斛浓缩汁的最佳添加量。然后再依次改变桑椹浓缩汁(3%、5%、8%、10%、12%)、黄精浓缩汁(1%、3%、5%、7%、9%)、枸杞浓缩汁(1%、2%、3%、4%、5%)、黄芪浓缩汁(0.5%、1%、1.5%、2.5%、3%), 已确定的上一个因素最佳工艺条件为固定不变, 其他条件依次改变。
根据单因素试验的结果分析, 黄芪浓缩汁添加量对复合饮料口感的影响较其他4个因素(铁皮石斛浓缩汁添加量、桑椹浓缩汁添加量、黄精浓缩汁添加量、枸杞浓缩汁)弱, 且黄芪浓缩汁的最佳添加量为1%, 故固定黄芪浓缩汁添加量为1%, 选取铁皮石斛浓缩汁添加量、桑椹浓缩汁添加量、黄精浓缩汁添加量、枸杞浓缩汁添加量4个因素, 进行L9(34)的正交试验, 因素水平见表1
参考GB/T 31326—2014《植物饮料》以及结合产品特点, 得出具体感官评价评分标准如表2所示, 由10名感官评定人员对制得的复合饮料进行评分, 评分项目主要包括以下4个: 风味、色泽、组织状态、口感, 并对最终所得总分求平均值。
参考GB 5009.237—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品pH值的测定》采用pH计检测复合饮料的pH; 参考GB/T 12143—2008《饮料通用分析方法》使用手持糖度计可溶性固形物; 参考GB 4789.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 大肠菌群计数》, 对铁皮石斛复合饮料进行菌落总数和大肠菌群的检验微生物指标。
(1)动物分组及给样方法
首先通过静脉注射酒石酸长春瑞滨注射液制备免疫力低下斑马鱼模型, 将免疫力低下斑马鱼遵循随机分配原则分为模型组、百令胶囊对照组、铁皮石斛复合饮料低、中、高浓度组, 此外再另选正常斑马鱼(未经酒石酸长春瑞滨处理)作为对照组, 详情参见表3; 铁皮石斛复合饮料低、中、高浓度组分别水溶给予铁皮石斛复合饮料7.81、15.60、31.20 μL/mL, 阳性对照百令胶囊组采用15.0 μg/mL的百令胶囊水溶液浓度进行给药。每组试验单元(即试验孔)均包含30尾斑马鱼。28 ℃处理2 d后, 依据简单随机抽样的科学原则, 从各组中选取斑马鱼样本, 用于后续一系列相关指标的测定。
(2)最大耐受浓度测定
考查免疫力低下模型斑马鱼对不同质量浓度(7.81、15.6、31.2、62.5、125 μL/mL)铁皮石斛复合饮料的耐受情况。依据简单随机抽样的科学原则选取该模式斑马鱼并分配至6孔培养板中, 每组试验单元(即试验孔)均包含30尾斑马鱼, 分别给予不同质量浓度的铁皮石斛复合饮料水溶液, 此外设置正常对照组和模型对照组。28 ℃处理2 d后, 确定免疫力低下型斑马鱼对铁皮石斛复合饮料的最大耐受浓度(minimum toxic concentration, MTC)。
(3)增强免疫功效评价(中性粒细胞数量和基因)
依据简单随机抽样的科学原则选取3 dpf转基因中性粒细胞绿色荧光斑马鱼, 并分配至6孔培养板中, 每组试验单元(即试验孔)均包含30尾斑马鱼, 分别给予不同质量浓度的铁皮石斛复合饮料水溶液(浓度见表3), 同时设立了阳性对照组, 其中百令胶囊的质量浓度为15.0 μg/mL。此外, 本研究还设置了正常对照组和模型对照组。除正常对照组外, 其余各组均通过静脉注射方式给予酒石酸长春瑞滨注射液, 以此诱导免疫力低下模型。28 ℃处理2 d后, 依据简单随机抽样的科学原则, 从各组中选取10尾斑马鱼, 将其置于荧光显微镜下进行拍照记录, 并使用NIS-Elements D 3.20高级图像处理软件对拍摄的图片进行数据采集, 从而记录斑马鱼尾部中性粒细胞的数量变化, 以此探究铁皮石斛复合饮料对免疫力低下斑马鱼模型的免疫调节作用。
同时通过预装磁珠法通用型RNA提取试剂盒对各组斑马鱼进行总RNA的提取, 且采用紫外-可见光分光光度计对总RNA的浓度和纯度(A260/A280比值)进行测定, 结果见表4, 纯度均在1.8~2.2范围内, 表明提取得到的斑马鱼总RNA具有较高的质量, 达到后续用于定量聚合酶链反应试验的要求[28]
引物序列见表5。取2.00 μg斑马鱼样品总RNA, 参照cDNA第一链合成试剂盒的操作指南, 合成20.0 μL cDNA, 并采用定量聚合酶链反应技术检测β-actin、白细胞介素-12 (interleukin-12, IL-12)和肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)基因的表达。用β-actin作为基因表达的内参, 计算IL-12TNF-α基因的RNA相对表达量。
上述各项数据测定均重复3次, 统计学处理结果采用平均值±标准偏差表示。用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析, P<0.05表明差异具有统计学意义。
铁皮石斛复合饮料的感官评分随铁皮石斛浓缩汁添加量的增多呈先上升后下降, 当铁皮石斛浓缩汁添加量达到60%的时候, 复合饮料口感协调、铁皮石斛香味浓郁, 感官评分最高, 为(81.00±0.07)分, 与其他添加感官评分差异显著P<0.05)。当添加量低于60%的时候, 铁皮石斛药材味道较清淡、铁皮石斛添加量超过60%后, 铁皮石斛味道越浓郁; 当铁皮石斛添加量为80%时, 口感欠佳, 感官评分下降。因此选择铁皮石斛浓缩汁添加量50%、60%、70%为正交试验的水平。
随着桑椹浓缩汁添加量的增多, 复合饮料中桑椹的香味愈发浓郁, 感官评分持续上升, 在桑椹浓缩汁的添加量达到10%的条件下,, 此时复合饮料呈深褐色、呈现出浓郁的桑椹风味, 口感达到最佳状态, 感官评价结果最优(82.00±1.36); 而当桑椹浓缩汁添加量超过10%的时候, 凸显桑椹的涩味, 感官评分下降。因此选择桑椹浓缩汁添加量8%、10%、12%作为正交试验的考察水平。
铁皮石斛复合饮料的感官评分随着黄精浓缩汁添加量的增大, 呈现先升高后降低的趋势。当黄精浓缩汁添加量为3%时, 饮料呈深褐色, 口感较好, 感官评分最高, 为(82.00±1.15)分。随后继续增加黄精浓缩汁添加量, 感官评分逐渐下降。黄精浓缩汁添加量过多后, 饮料涩味较重, 口感较差。因此选择黄精浓缩汁添加量1%、3%、5%作为正交试验的考察水平。
铁皮石斛复合饮料的感官评分随着枸杞浓缩汁添加量的增加而增加, 当枸杞浓缩汁添加量达到4%时, 感官评分最高, 为(80.1±1.08)分, 此时饮料展现出浓郁的枸杞风味且口感达到最优; 之后随着枸杞浓缩汁添加量的增加, 感官评分呈下降趋势, 主要是由于枸杞风味过于浓郁, 减弱了石斛和其他药材特有的气味, 口感不协调, 这与刘根梅等[20]的研究结果相似。综合考虑, 选择枸杞浓缩汁添加量3%、4%、5%作为正交试验的考察水平。
根据单因素试验的结果分析, 选取铁皮石斛浓缩汁、桑椹浓缩汁、黄精浓缩汁、枸杞浓缩汁4个因素作为正交试验因素, 固定黄芪浓缩汁比例为1%, 进行正交试验, 对复合饮料配方进行优化, 正交结果见表6
通过极差R分析(见表6)可以得知, 影响铁皮石斛复合饮料感官评价的因素主次为: B(桑椹浓缩汁添加量)>A(铁皮石斛浓缩汁添加量)>D(枸杞浓缩汁添加量)>C(黄精浓缩汁汁添加量), 其中桑椹浓缩汁添加量对复合饮料的感官评价影响最大。通过k值确定了铁皮石斛复合饮料的最优配方组合为A3B2C1D3。为了验证这一最优配方的可靠性, 我们按照此配方进行了3次重复性验证试验, 具体配比为: 铁皮石斛浓缩汁70%、桑椹浓缩汁10%、黄精浓缩汁1%、枸杞浓缩汁5%及黄芪浓缩汁1%。试验结果显示, 采用此配方制备的复合饮料在感官评价上获得了平均86.5分的高分, 与正交结果相互印证。因此, 确定铁皮石斛复合饮料的最优工艺配方如下: 铁皮石斛浓缩汁添加量70%, 桑椹浓缩汁添加量10%, 黄精浓缩汁添加量1%, 枸杞浓缩汁添加量5%, 黄芪浓缩汁添加量1%。
由铁皮石斛复合饮料配方正交试验方差分析结果(见表7)可知, 桑椹浓缩汁的添加量是对结果影响最大, 其次是铁皮石斛浓缩汁的添加量, 再次为枸杞浓缩汁的添加量, 这与正交试验极差分析结果(表6)一致在95%的置信水平下, 4个因素的F比值均未超过临界值19, 均未达到统计学上的显著水平, 这一结果可能与正交试验设计时所选试验条件的范围较为狭窄有关, 较窄的试验条件会使得因素影响不显著。
最佳配方研制的铁皮石斛复合饮料为深褐色液体, 无可见杂质, 色泽均匀, 具铁皮石斛、黄精、黄芪、桑椹、枸杞等药材特有气味, 同时口感细腻柔和。pH为4.80; 可溶性固形物含量为8.5%; 菌落总数、大肠菌群均合格(均小于10), 符合GB 7101—2022《食品安全国家标准 饮料》。
最小中毒浓度(minimum toxic concentration, MTC)即药物在体内达到某一浓度时, 开始引起毒性反应的最小值, 是一种常用的评定化合物毒性的检测方法[29], 因此使用MTC法评估铁皮石斛复合饮料的最大耐受浓度。由表8可知, 铁皮石斛复合饮料在62.50和125.00 μL/mL浓度下分别诱发67%和100%死亡, 在≤31.2 μL/mL浓度下, 均未诱发斑马鱼死亡, 且与模型对照组状态相似; 结果表明铁皮石斛复合饮料对增强免疫功效评价的MTC为31.20 μL/mL。
表9可知, 酒石酸长春瑞宾可致使斑马鱼免疫力低下, 表现为模型对照组(47.10±1.48)个与正常对照组(67.10±1.88)个比较, 尾部中性粒细胞数量显著降低(P<0.001), 提示斑马鱼免疫力低下模型构建成功。不同浓度(7.81、15.6和31.2 μL/mL)的铁皮石斛复合饮料干预处理后, 尾部中性粒细胞数量与模型对照组(47.10±1.48)个均显著增加, 分别为(50.40±2.36)个(P>0.05)、(50.70±2.72)个(P>0.05)、(57.10±3.84)个(P<0.05)。
据研究, IL-12由树突状细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和B淋巴母细胞在响应抗原刺激时自然产生[30]。由统计结果可知(表10), 与正常对照组(2.110±0.012)比较, 模型对照组IL-12基因相对表达量(1.000±0.057)降低(P<0.001), 提示斑马鱼免疫力低下模型构建成功。和模型组相比, 铁皮石斛复合饮料7.81、15.60和31.20 μL/mL浓度组, 斑马鱼IL-12基因相对表达量显著增加, 分别为(1.170±0.142) (P>0.05)、(1.310±0.082) (P>0.05)、(1.800±0.278) (P<0.05), 阳性对照组百令胶囊斑马鱼IL-12基因相对表达量增加, 为(2.090±0.216) (P<0.01), 试验结果表明铁皮石斛复合饮料具有上调IL-12基因相对表达量功效。
研究表明TNF-α由活化的巨噬细胞、CD4+淋巴细胞、NK细胞、中性粒细胞、细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和神经元产; 增加TNF-α表达可促进T细胞增殖, 激活树突状细胞成熟, 在宿主器官防御系统中发挥关键作用, 并可诱导多种其他免疫调节作用[31]。据统计结果可知(表10), 与正常组相比, 模型组的TNF-α基因相对表达量显著降低(P<0.01), 提示斑马鱼免疫力低下模型构建成功; 与模型对照组比较, 铁皮石斛复合饮料7.81、15.60和31.20 μL/mL浓度组斑马鱼TNF-α基因相对表达量均显著增加, 分别为(1.220±0.024) (P>0.05)、(1.250±0.050) (P>0.05)、(1.730±0.270) (P<0.05),阳性对照百令胶囊斑马鱼TNF-α基因相对表达量也显著, 为(1.970±0.190) (P<0.05)。试验结果表明铁皮石斛复合饮料具有上调TNF-α基因相对表达量功效。
综上所述, 铁皮石斛复合饮料均具有显著增强免疫功效, 具体表现为显著上调IL-12TNF-α基因相对表达量。
本研究采用天然中药材提取物, 未添加其他食品添加剂, 以铁皮石斛、桑椹、枸杞、黄精和黄芪为主要原料制备复合饮料。由单因素试验与正交试验的综合分析可知, 该铁皮石斛复合饮料的最佳配方如下: 铁皮石斛浓缩汁70%、黄精浓缩汁1%、黄芪浓缩汁1%、桑椹浓缩汁10%、枸杞浓缩汁5%, 对铁皮石斛复合饮料感官评分影响程度为桑椹浓缩汁添加量>铁皮石斛浓缩汁添加量>枸杞浓缩汁添加量>黄精浓缩汁添加量; 在此条件下得到的铁皮石斛复合饮料呈深褐色, 组织均匀质地细腻, 无沉淀分层, 具有铁皮石斛、黄精、黄芪、桑椹、枸杞特有的混合香味, 风味协调, 且该复合饮料的理化指标和微生物指标符合国家标准要求。通过斑马鱼模型试验可知, 铁皮石斛复合饮料可显著增加免疫力低下斑马鱼中性粒细胞数量和上调IL-12TNF-α基因相对表达量, 为铁皮石斛复合饮料具有显著“增强免疫力”功效提供了依据。综上所述, 铁皮石斛为主的组合物具有增强免疫力作用, 可改善斑马鱼的低下免疫力状况。试验结果与已有的原料功效认知相一致, 具有综合调节机体免疫功能。但目前以铁皮石斛中药类为主的复合饮料认知度较低, 缺少相关功效测评, 如铁皮石斛红枣枸杞复合饮料[20], 铁皮石斛苹果复合饮料[21], 铁皮石斛西兰花大豆多肽复合饮料[32], 铁皮石斛花乌龙茶复合饮料[33], 对此类饮品引入建立合理且普遍适应的功效评价模型, 可以直观反映产品功效定位, 来推动其市场潜力的充分发挥。本次研究结果可为铁皮石斛保健养生产品的深入研发提供参考, 并为今后模式生物模型在功能评价领域的应用提供重要的数据支撑。
在本研究中, 已经发现了铁皮石斛复合饮料具有免疫调节功能, 但关于其免疫调节作用机制的研究尚不充分, 基础研究工作有待深化。具体而言, 该复合饮料配方中药材的量效关系尚未明晰, 其免疫调节的具体机制尚需仍需大量实验研究予以证实。鉴于此, 未来研究应对配方中主要原料特征免疫调节活性成分的含量进行测定, 从而研究配方中药材的协同作用, 同时继续在细胞、分子等不同层面上开展其生理功能和临床医用食品应用的研究, 旨在为铁皮石斛复合饮品的进一步临床应用及资源开发利用奠定坚实的科学理论基础。
  • 贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑〔2023〕一般475)
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2025年第16卷第11期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250106002
  • 接收时间:2025-01-06
  • 首发时间:2025-07-14
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06
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贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑〔2023〕一般475)
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    1. 广州泽力医药科技有限公司, 广州 510663
    2. 荔波普生铁皮石斛开发有限责任公司, 荔波 558400

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* 杨土娣(1996—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为中药质量控制研究、大健康功能性产品开发。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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