Article(id=1151437193244455204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250128001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737993600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752453619538, onlineDateStr=2025-07-14, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752453619538, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752453619538, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752453619538, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151437189243089177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752453618584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767768054466, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=113, endPage=122, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151895324555047484, articleId=1151437193244455204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Effects and mechanisms of sea cucumber intestinal ovigerm peptides on enhancing the immune function in mice through network pharmacology and animal experiments, columnId=1151895322591638525, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Functional Foods and Functional Components, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of sea cucumber intestinal ovigerm peptides (SCIOP) on enhancing the immune function of mice through network pharmacology and animal experiments. Methods The database was used to screen the active chemical components of SCIOP and the targets of immune cells. Gene ontology (GO) functional analysis, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were conducted on the relevant core targets to preliminarily explore the potential targets and mechanisms of SCIOP in enhancing immune function. Male kunming mice (KM) aged 4-5 weeks old were randomly assigned to 4 groups. The experimental groups were treated with SCIOP at doses of 0.52 g/kg (SCIOP-L) and 1.04 g/kg (SCIOP-H) via gavage, the positive control group received 0.52 g/kg of sea cucumber peptides, while the blank control group was given an equal volume of distilled water by gavage. After 30 days of gavage, various immune indicators were measured, including organ/body weight ratio, delayed-type hypersensitivity, splenic lymphocyte transformation capacity, humoral immunity, and peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activity were measured. Results The results of network pharmacology showed that the active ingredients of SCIOP in enhancing immune function mought be cucumarioside, holothurin and other 15 kinds of ingredients. The key targets mought be cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A), fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) and other 46 immune targets, which mainly enriched in cell adhesion molecules, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)and other 14 signaling pathways. Animal experiment results showed that SCIOP significantly increased delayed-type hypersensitivity, serum hemolysin level, the phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophages, and splenic lymphocyte transformation capacity. Conclusion SCIOP activates immune cells with characteristics of multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways, which may exert their immune-enhancing effects through various active components acting on multiple core targets and regulating a number of signaling pathways.

, correspAuthors=Li-Li JIN, Qiu-Yu WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-Xiao ZHOU, Ming FAN, Meng LI, Shu-Jiao LI, Yang LIU, Li-Li JIN, Qiu-Yu WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151895350245159494, articleId=1151437193244455204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=基于网络药理学和动物实验探究海参肠卵肽增强小鼠免疫功能的作用及机制, columnId=1151895323909124661, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 通过网络药理学和动物实验探讨海参肠卵肽(sea cucumber intestinal ovigerm peptides, SCIOP)增强小鼠免疫功能的作用与机制。方法 通过数据库筛选SCIOP的活性成分和免疫细胞的靶点, 并对核心靶点进行基因本体(gene ontology, GO)富集分析以及京都基因和基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)富集分析, 初步挖掘SCIOP增强免疫功能的可能机制。选取4~5周龄雄性昆明小鼠(kunming mice, KM), 随机分为4组, 实验组分别以0.52 g/kg (SCIOP-L组)和1.04 g/kg (SCIOP-H组)的SCIOP灌胃, 阳性对照组灌胃0.52 g/kg海参壁肽, 空白对照灌胃等量蒸馏水。30 d灌胃处理后, 测定脏器/体重比、迟发型变态反应、脾淋巴细胞转化能力、体液免疫和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性等各项免疫指标。结果 网络药理学结果显示SCIOP增强免疫功能的活性成分可能为黄瓜苷、海参素等15种化学成分, 关键靶点可能为细胞分裂周期25A (cell division cycle 25A, CDC25A)、成纤维细胞生长因子1 (fibroblast growth factor 1, FGF1)等46个免疫靶点, 富集在细胞黏附分子、缺氧诱导因子-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1, HIF-1)等14条信号通路。动物实验结果表明SCIOP能显著增加小鼠迟发型变态反应、血清溶血素水平、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力和脾淋巴细胞转化能力。结论 SCIOP激活免疫细胞具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点, 可能通过多种活性成分作用于多核心靶点, 调控多条信号通路实现增强免疫功能的作用。

, correspAuthors=金莉莉, 王秋雨, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 金莉莉(1971—), 女, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为生物活性肽的生物化学与分子生物学。E-mail:
王秋雨(1961—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为生物活性肽的细胞分子生物学。E-mail:
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周雨潇(2001—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为生物活性肽功能。E-mail:

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周雨潇(2001—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为生物活性肽功能。E-mail:

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Biochemical Pharmacology, 2025, 232: 116712., articleTitle=Promoting macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells for effective cancer immunotherapy, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167030860239876530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030860244070835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, companyId=1167030860239876530, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030860252459444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, companyId=1167030860239876530, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 辽宁大学生命科学院, 沈阳 110036)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167030860315374006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030860323762615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, companyId=1167030860315374006, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Life and Health Sciences, Shenyang City University, Shenyang 110112, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030860336345528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, companyId=1167030860315374006, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 沈阳城市学院生命与健康管理学院, 沈阳 110112)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167030863293329923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Network diagram of SCIOP-active component-target, figureFileSmall=HCxkM97cOTnigZy27JRusQ==, figureFileBig=4pQ3+nJtWs5q4QCyUIuZlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030863389798917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=CN, label=图1, caption=SCIOP-有效成分-活性靶点网络图

注: FXYD结构域离子转运调节蛋白2 (FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 2, FXYD2); 钠/钾依赖性ATP酶α亚基(ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1, ATP1A1); DNA聚合酶β (DNA polymerase beta, POLB); 细胞色素P450家族51亚家族A成员1 (cytochrome P450 family 51 subfamily A member 1, CYP51A1); 磷脂酶A2组IIF (phospholipase A2 group IIF, PLA2G2F); 蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶非受体7型(protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 7, PTPN7); 胰蛋白酶原C (chymotrypsinogenC, CTRC); ATP合酶F1亚基β (ATP synthase F1 subunit beta, ATP5F1B); 丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂家族C成员1 (serpin family C member 1, SERPINC1); 溶质载体家族10成员2 (solute carrier family 10 member 2, SLC10A2)。蓝色长方形为有效成分; 绿色圆形为目标靶点; 连线越多代表越重要。

, figureFileSmall=HCxkM97cOTnigZy27JRusQ==, figureFileBig=4pQ3+nJtWs5q4QCyUIuZlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030863473684999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Venn diagram of SCIOP and immune cells, figureFileSmall=/HOK00iyUb9CTXPFacIajA==, figureFileBig=6vurQaWWVCGGUdFpaQVTVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030863553376777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=CN, label=图2, caption=SCIOP-免疫细胞基因映射Venn图, figureFileSmall=/HOK00iyUb9CTXPFacIajA==, figureFileBig=6vurQaWWVCGGUdFpaQVTVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030863624679947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=GO analysis of potential targets in SCIOP and immune cells, figureFileSmall=f1Ez3iutENpI7xjQDRkI5g==, figureFileBig=FfrzaICtfaNL2REGz1b2Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030863687594509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=CN, label=图3, caption=SCIOP-免疫细胞潜在靶点的GO分析, figureFileSmall=f1Ez3iutENpI7xjQDRkI5g==, figureFileBig=FfrzaICtfaNL2REGz1b2Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030863771480591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=KEGG pathway analysis of potential targets in SCIOP and immune cells, figureFileSmall=tKI6kYAfidOsV4OEncuqcg==, figureFileBig=x7K7YMTBWW9mVzQBvtia7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030863851172368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=CN, label=图4, caption=SCIOP-免疫细胞潜在靶点的KEGG通路分析, figureFileSmall=tKI6kYAfidOsV4OEncuqcg==, figureFileBig=x7K7YMTBWW9mVzQBvtia7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030863918281233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of SCIOP on delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice (n=8), figureFileSmall=CrkFTlDWQF8r/Q0/W5EnwA==, figureFileBig=87iVaTm9RgXa9F2QKlQTHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030864023138835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=CN, label=图5, caption=SCIOP对小鼠迟发型变态反应的影响(n=8)

注: 与CON比较, **表示具有极显著性差异(P<0.01), 图67同; ***表示具有强极显著性差异(P<0.001), 图8同。

, figureFileSmall=CrkFTlDWQF8r/Q0/W5EnwA==, figureFileBig=87iVaTm9RgXa9F2QKlQTHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030864086053397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of SCIOP on ConA-induced lymphocyte proliferation in mice (n=6), figureFileSmall=lar+lhFt2OgbIMlnNkMY4w==, figureFileBig=tplRf99oEUGdj2Khvh5lWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030864161550871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=CN, label=图6, caption=SCIOP对ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞增殖能力的影响(n=6), figureFileSmall=lar+lhFt2OgbIMlnNkMY4w==, figureFileBig=tplRf99oEUGdj2Khvh5lWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030864220271129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of SCIOP on serum hemolysin level in mice (n=8), figureFileSmall=mYAP7uocw5ShosxPc2khWw==, figureFileBig=46Q01TSAu8KCp4ElX/T52A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030864304157211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=CN, label=图7, caption=SCIOP对小鼠血清溶血素水平的影响(n=8), figureFileSmall=mYAP7uocw5ShosxPc2khWw==, figureFileBig=46Q01TSAu8KCp4ElX/T52A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030864375460381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of SCIOP on phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages in mice (n=8), figureFileSmall=8VIeKWvtHrLwubRkh+2P5A==, figureFileBig=HdNQi1B+bXnjiSI7/XoHbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030864467735071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=CN, label=图8, caption=SCIOP对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力的影响(n=8)

注: 与PC比较, #表示具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=8VIeKWvtHrLwubRkh+2P5A==, figureFileBig=HdNQi1B+bXnjiSI7/XoHbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030864547426849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main active ingredients and target of SCIOP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 分子标识号 名称 分子式 类别 免疫相关靶点
1 MOL013747 黄瓜苷 C30H44O8 三萜糖苷类 CDC25A、PTPRC、AR、NR3C1、FGF1
2 MOL013876 海参素 C54H85NaO27S 三萜皂苷类 S1PR3、SELP、AR、NR3C1、SELE
3 MOL013945 海参毒素 C54H85NaO25S 三萜皂苷类 CDC25A、VEGFA、FGF1、FGF2
4 MOL014137 绿刺参苷 C68H110O32 三萜寡糖苷类 NR3C1、F2、ESR1、AR、ACHE
5 MOL014083 野蔷薇苷 C36H58O10 三萜寡糖苷类 VEGFA、FGF1、NR3C1、FGF2
6 MOL013827 去硫酸化佩纳乌斯特苷 C59H100O24 三萜皂苷类 AR、NR3C1、GAA
7 MOL014245 海参糖胺聚糖 (C54H85NaO25S)n 多糖类 CD22、MAG、SELP
8 MOL013840 冰岛刺参皂苷A C60H95NaO29S 三萜糖苷类 AR、NR3C1
9 MOL014149 刺参苷 C43H68O13 三萜皂苷类 PTPRC、FGF1
10 MOL014183 紫参苷 C17H14O5 三萜皂苷类 CDC25A、PTPRC
11 MOL014040 木犀草苷 C25H32O13 黄酮类糖苷 PTPRC、CDC25A
12 MOL014156 合成乳糖苷 C12H22O11 糖苷类 FGF1
13 MOL013676 25(26)-去氢硫色苷 - 三萜皂苷类 FGF1
14 MOL013725 双带苷 C67H110O32 三萜糖苷类 AR
15 MOL013671 24,26-二甲基胆固醇-5-烯-3-O-木糖苷 C33H56O4 甾体糖苷类 CDC25A
), ArticleFig(id=1167030864631312931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

SCIOP的主要活性成分与靶点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 分子标识号 名称 分子式 类别 免疫相关靶点
1 MOL013747 黄瓜苷 C30H44O8 三萜糖苷类 CDC25A、PTPRC、AR、NR3C1、FGF1
2 MOL013876 海参素 C54H85NaO27S 三萜皂苷类 S1PR3、SELP、AR、NR3C1、SELE
3 MOL013945 海参毒素 C54H85NaO25S 三萜皂苷类 CDC25A、VEGFA、FGF1、FGF2
4 MOL014137 绿刺参苷 C68H110O32 三萜寡糖苷类 NR3C1、F2、ESR1、AR、ACHE
5 MOL014083 野蔷薇苷 C36H58O10 三萜寡糖苷类 VEGFA、FGF1、NR3C1、FGF2
6 MOL013827 去硫酸化佩纳乌斯特苷 C59H100O24 三萜皂苷类 AR、NR3C1、GAA
7 MOL014245 海参糖胺聚糖 (C54H85NaO25S)n 多糖类 CD22、MAG、SELP
8 MOL013840 冰岛刺参皂苷A C60H95NaO29S 三萜糖苷类 AR、NR3C1
9 MOL014149 刺参苷 C43H68O13 三萜皂苷类 PTPRC、FGF1
10 MOL014183 紫参苷 C17H14O5 三萜皂苷类 CDC25A、PTPRC
11 MOL014040 木犀草苷 C25H32O13 黄酮类糖苷 PTPRC、CDC25A
12 MOL014156 合成乳糖苷 C12H22O11 糖苷类 FGF1
13 MOL013676 25(26)-去氢硫色苷 - 三萜皂苷类 FGF1
14 MOL013725 双带苷 C67H110O32 三萜糖苷类 AR
15 MOL013671 24,26-二甲基胆固醇-5-烯-3-O-木糖苷 C33H56O4 甾体糖苷类 CDC25A
), ArticleFig(id=1167030864711004709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Key targets of SCIOP acting on immune cells

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 交集靶点 靶点中文名称
1 CDC25A 细胞分裂周期25A
2 FGF1 成纤维细胞生长因子1
3 NR3C1 核受体亚家族3C组成员1
4 PTPRC 蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶受体C
5 FGF2 成纤维细胞生长因子2
6 VEGFA 血管内皮生长因子A
7 AR 雄激素受体
8 CD22 CD22分子(B细胞表面抗原)
9 SELP 选择素P
10 MAG 髓鞘相关糖蛋白
), ArticleFig(id=1167030864773919271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

SCIOP作用于免疫细胞的关键靶点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 交集靶点 靶点中文名称
1 CDC25A 细胞分裂周期25A
2 FGF1 成纤维细胞生长因子1
3 NR3C1 核受体亚家族3C组成员1
4 PTPRC 蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶受体C
5 FGF2 成纤维细胞生长因子2
6 VEGFA 血管内皮生长因子A
7 AR 雄激素受体
8 CD22 CD22分子(B细胞表面抗原)
9 SELP 选择素P
10 MAG 髓鞘相关糖蛋白
), ArticleFig(id=1167030864845222441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of SCIOP on organ/body weight ratio in mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 CON PC SCIOP-L SCIOP-H
初始体重/g 33.86±1.67 34.15±1.49 33.46±1.13 33.07±1.91
终末体重/g 46.73±1.50 43.88±2.25 42.50±4.70 43.60±3.06
脾脏重量/g 0.14±0.02 0.14±0.01 0.14±0.02 0.13±0.01
胸腺重量/g 0.10±0.01 0.08±0.02 0.08±0.03 0.08±0.04
脾脏指数/% 0.30±0.04 0.32±0.02 0.33±0.06 0.30±0.01
胸腺指数/% 0.22±0.03 0.18±0.05 0.18±0.07 0.17±0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1167030864950080043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437193244455204, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

SCIOP对小鼠脏器/体重比值的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 CON PC SCIOP-L SCIOP-H
初始体重/g 33.86±1.67 34.15±1.49 33.46±1.13 33.07±1.91
终末体重/g 46.73±1.50 43.88±2.25 42.50±4.70 43.60±3.06
脾脏重量/g 0.14±0.02 0.14±0.01 0.14±0.02 0.13±0.01
胸腺重量/g 0.10±0.01 0.08±0.02 0.08±0.03 0.08±0.04
脾脏指数/% 0.30±0.04 0.32±0.02 0.33±0.06 0.30±0.01
胸腺指数/% 0.22±0.03 0.18±0.05 0.18±0.07 0.17±0.08
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基于网络药理学和动物实验探究海参肠卵肽增强小鼠免疫功能的作用及机制
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周雨潇 1 , 范铭 2 , 李梦 1 , 李姝娇 1 , 刘阳 2 , 金莉莉 1, * , 王秋雨 1, 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分 2025,16(11): 113-122
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分 2025, 16(11): 113-122
基于网络药理学和动物实验探究海参肠卵肽增强小鼠免疫功能的作用及机制
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周雨潇1 , 范铭2, 李梦1, 李姝娇1, 刘阳2, 金莉莉1, * , 王秋雨1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1. 辽宁大学生命科学院, 沈阳 110036
  • 2. 沈阳城市学院生命与健康管理学院, 沈阳 110112
  • 周雨潇(2001—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为生物活性肽功能。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 金莉莉(1971—), 女, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为生物活性肽的生物化学与分子生物学。E-mail:
王秋雨(1961—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为生物活性肽的细胞分子生物学。E-mail:
Effects and mechanisms of sea cucumber intestinal ovigerm peptides on enhancing the immune function in mice through network pharmacology and animal experiments
Yu-Xiao ZHOU1 , Ming FAN2, Meng LI1, Shu-Jiao LI1, Yang LIU2, Li-Li JIN1, * , Qiu-Yu WANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
  • 2. School of Life and Health Sciences, Shenyang City University, Shenyang 110112, China
出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250128001
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目的 通过网络药理学和动物实验探讨海参肠卵肽(sea cucumber intestinal ovigerm peptides, SCIOP)增强小鼠免疫功能的作用与机制。方法 通过数据库筛选SCIOP的活性成分和免疫细胞的靶点, 并对核心靶点进行基因本体(gene ontology, GO)富集分析以及京都基因和基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)富集分析, 初步挖掘SCIOP增强免疫功能的可能机制。选取4~5周龄雄性昆明小鼠(kunming mice, KM), 随机分为4组, 实验组分别以0.52 g/kg (SCIOP-L组)和1.04 g/kg (SCIOP-H组)的SCIOP灌胃, 阳性对照组灌胃0.52 g/kg海参壁肽, 空白对照灌胃等量蒸馏水。30 d灌胃处理后, 测定脏器/体重比、迟发型变态反应、脾淋巴细胞转化能力、体液免疫和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性等各项免疫指标。结果 网络药理学结果显示SCIOP增强免疫功能的活性成分可能为黄瓜苷、海参素等15种化学成分, 关键靶点可能为细胞分裂周期25A (cell division cycle 25A, CDC25A)、成纤维细胞生长因子1 (fibroblast growth factor 1, FGF1)等46个免疫靶点, 富集在细胞黏附分子、缺氧诱导因子-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1, HIF-1)等14条信号通路。动物实验结果表明SCIOP能显著增加小鼠迟发型变态反应、血清溶血素水平、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力和脾淋巴细胞转化能力。结论 SCIOP激活免疫细胞具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点, 可能通过多种活性成分作用于多核心靶点, 调控多条信号通路实现增强免疫功能的作用。

海参肠卵肽  /  网络药理学  /  有效成分  /  靶点  /  免疫增强  /  作用机制

Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of sea cucumber intestinal ovigerm peptides (SCIOP) on enhancing the immune function of mice through network pharmacology and animal experiments. Methods The database was used to screen the active chemical components of SCIOP and the targets of immune cells. Gene ontology (GO) functional analysis, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were conducted on the relevant core targets to preliminarily explore the potential targets and mechanisms of SCIOP in enhancing immune function. Male kunming mice (KM) aged 4-5 weeks old were randomly assigned to 4 groups. The experimental groups were treated with SCIOP at doses of 0.52 g/kg (SCIOP-L) and 1.04 g/kg (SCIOP-H) via gavage, the positive control group received 0.52 g/kg of sea cucumber peptides, while the blank control group was given an equal volume of distilled water by gavage. After 30 days of gavage, various immune indicators were measured, including organ/body weight ratio, delayed-type hypersensitivity, splenic lymphocyte transformation capacity, humoral immunity, and peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activity were measured. Results The results of network pharmacology showed that the active ingredients of SCIOP in enhancing immune function mought be cucumarioside, holothurin and other 15 kinds of ingredients. The key targets mought be cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A), fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) and other 46 immune targets, which mainly enriched in cell adhesion molecules, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)and other 14 signaling pathways. Animal experiment results showed that SCIOP significantly increased delayed-type hypersensitivity, serum hemolysin level, the phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophages, and splenic lymphocyte transformation capacity. Conclusion SCIOP activates immune cells with characteristics of multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways, which may exert their immune-enhancing effects through various active components acting on multiple core targets and regulating a number of signaling pathways.

sea cucumber intestinal ovigerm peptides  /  network pharmacology  /  effective components  /  targets  /  immune enhancement  /  mechanism of action
周雨潇, 范铭, 李梦, 李姝娇, 刘阳, 金莉莉, 王秋雨. 基于网络药理学和动物实验探究海参肠卵肽增强小鼠免疫功能的作用及机制. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (11) : 113 -122 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250128001
Yu-Xiao ZHOU, Ming FAN, Meng LI, Shu-Jiao LI, Yang LIU, Li-Li JIN, Qiu-Yu WANG. Effects and mechanisms of sea cucumber intestinal ovigerm peptides on enhancing the immune function in mice through network pharmacology and animal experiments[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (11) : 113 -122 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250128001
海参是隶属于棘皮动物门海参纲刺参科的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)、绿刺参(Stichopus chloronotus)、花刺参(Stichopus variegatus)等无脊椎动物[1]。作为重要的药食两用天然产物, 海参富含丰富的多糖、皂苷、多肽等多种活性物质[2], 具有较好的降血压、降血脂、抗疲劳及调节免疫力的功效[3-5]。海参加工的产业化程度很高, 其体壁(约占总体重的50%)是主要的市场产品, 主要以干燥形式销售。然而, 在海参加工过程中, 海参肠卵等非市场部分被作为加工废物丢弃。这些肠卵副产物占收获生物量的50%, 其氨基酸总量、蛋白质含量和皂苷含量均高于海参体壁, 还含有海参体壁中所没有的牛磺酸[6-8]及虾青素、角黄素、海胆紫酮等性腺色素[9]
近年研究发现海参肠卵的食用价值和药用价值甚至远高于海参。如YIN等[10]研究发现, 口服海参肠卵肽(sea cucumber intestinal ovigerm peptides, SCIOP)可以促进M1型巨噬细胞向M2型巨噬细胞极化, 并通过M2型巨噬细胞介导的转化生长因子(transforming growth factor, TGF)和外泌体的分泌, 促进小鼠形成软骨愈伤组织。FENG等[11]研究发现, 口服SCIOP可以降低小鼠白细胞介素-6 (interleukin 6, IL-6)和转化生长因子-β (transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β)等机体促炎细胞因子的表达水平, 在硫酸葡聚糖钠盐(dextran sulfate, DSS)诱导的结肠炎中有显著的抗炎效果。彭曦等[12]研究表明, SCIOP可以促进自然杀伤(natural killer, NK)细胞的增殖和活化, 提高T细胞介导的细胞免疫能力。上述研究表明, 海参的肠卵具有增强免疫力的功效[13-15]。然而, 目前对于SCIOP增强免疫功能的主要成分和作用机制尚不清楚。
本研究以网络药理学为基础, 从系统层次和生物网络的整体角度出发[16], 对SCIOP的有效成分进行计算机虚拟筛选, 构建药物-成分-靶点作用网络, 揭示SCIOP增强免疫功能的作用机制, 并结合动物实验, 探讨SCIOP增强免疫的作用, 为进一步解析SCIOP功效及功能性食品开发提供依据。
海参新鲜肠卵由大连国臻肽生物科技有限公司提供。
脾细胞分离液(深圳达科为生物技术股份有限公司); RPMI 1640 (roswell park memorial institute, RPMI)培养基、台盼蓝溶液、姬姆萨染液、刀豆蛋白A (concanavalin A, Con A)、3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide, MTT)试剂、绵羊红细胞(sheep red blood cells, SRBC)(北京索莱宝科技有限公司); 异丙醇(分析纯, 沈阳试剂一厂); 二硝基氟苯(2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, DNFB)(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司); 鸡红细胞(chicken red blood cell, CRBC)采自健康公鸡心脏血; 都氏试剂(析标生物科技有限公司); 中性蛋白酶(酶活力8000 U/g)(诺维信生物技术有限公司)。
AL204电子分析天平(精度0.1 mg, 瑞士梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司); ReadMax 1200型光吸收全波长酶标仪(上海闪谱生物科技有限公司); BB150 CO2培养箱(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); CF1524R台式高速微量冷冻离心机(美国赛洛捷克公司); SW-CJ超净工作台(苏州安泰空气技术有限公司); 722S紫外分光光度计(上海菁华科技仪器有限公司)。
海参肠卵清洗后, 用去离子水按料液比1:5 (g:mL)的比例均质, 然后用2.0%中性蛋白酶在37 ℃, pH为7的条件下水解7.2 h, 上清液通过滤膜过滤, 并使用截留分子量为3000 Da的截留膜超滤, 滤液在100 ℃下灭酶10 min后减压浓缩, 浓缩液喷雾干燥获取SCIOP。
健康的无特定病原体(specific pathogen free, SPF)级雄性昆明(kunming mice, KM)小鼠, 4~5周龄, 体重24~27 g, 购自沈阳澳睫生物科技有限公司, 实验动物生产许可证号: SCXK(辽)2023-0004。实验动物饲养于SPF级动物实验室中, 环境条件保持在室温(25±2) ℃, 相对湿度50%±5%, 12 h/12 h光照黑暗周期, 小鼠标准饲料常规饲养, 自由摄食和饮水。
1周适应性喂养后, 将小鼠随机分为空白对照组(control, CON)、阳性对照组(positive control, PC)、SCIOP低剂量组(SCIOP-L)和SCIOP高剂量组(SCIOP-H)。PC组小鼠以0.52 g/kg的剂量灌胃海参壁肽, SCIOP-L组和SCIOP-H组小鼠分别以0.52 g/kg和1.04 g/kg的剂量灌胃SCIOP[17-18], CON组小鼠灌胃等量蒸馏水。每日下午3点给药, 连续灌胃30 d后, 对淋巴器官/体重比、迟发型变态反应(delayed type hypersensitivity, DTH)、脾淋巴细胞转化能力、体液免疫和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性等各项免疫指标进行测定。
以“海参”和“海参肠”为关键词, 通过中药系统药理学(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology, TCMSP)数据库(https://tcmspw.com/tcmsp.php)和本草组鉴(high-throughput experiment- and reference-guided database of traditional Chinese medicine, HERB)数据库(http://herb.ac.cn/)进行检索, 获得其全部的组成成分。在TCMSP数据库中通过口服利用度(oral bioavailability, OB)≥30%及类药性(drug-likeness, DL)≥0.18作为筛选条件[19-20], 获得有效的化学成分和有效化学成分所对应的靶点。并将有效成分靶点导入蛋白质信息查询(universal Protein, uniprot)数据库(https://www.uniprot.org), 限定物种为“Homo sapiens”, 得到SCIOP的靶点基因。将SCIOP筛选出的与免疫有关的有效化学成分及其对应的靶点基因名导入Cytoscape 3.8.0软件, 构建SCIOP增强免疫功能的“有效成分-靶点基因”的网络图。
在GeneCards数据库(https://www.genecards.org/)中以“immune cells”为关键词, 检索作用于免疫细胞的相关靶点, 筛选相关性得分≥20的靶点。并将有效成分的靶点和免疫相关靶点通过Venn图进行交集处理, 获取SCIOP增强免疫的关键靶点。
使用注释可视化和集成发现数据(database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery, DAVID)在线分析平台(https://davidbioinformatics.nih.gov)对有效成分靶点和免疫相关靶点的交集进行基因本体(gene ontology, GO)与京都基因和基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)富集分析, 将P定义小于0.05, 并使用微生信在线平台(http://www.bioinformatics.com.cn)对分析结果进行可视化绘图。
记录各组小鼠的初始体重和终末体重后, 颈椎脱位法处死小鼠。在无菌条件下, 取出小鼠的脾脏和胸腺, 称重, 计算脾脏指数(脾脏指数/%=脾脏重量/体重×100%)和胸腺指数(胸腺指数/%=胸腺重量/体重×100%)。
(1)小鼠迟发型变态反应(耳肿胀法)
灌胃给药30 d后, 对小鼠腹部进行脱毛处理, 制备3 cm× 3 cm的DNFB致敏涂抹区。随后,以50 μL的1% DNFB溶液均匀涂抹至致敏涂抹区,5 d后,用20 μL的1% DNFB溶液均匀涂抹各组小鼠右耳, 小鼠左耳作为对照。24 h后处死小鼠, 采用打孔器取直径8 mm的左右耳片进行称重, 以左右耳片的重量差表示迟发型变态反应的程度: 耳片重量差/mg=右耳重量/mg-左耳重量/mg。
(2) ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力的测定
给药30 d后, 颈椎脱位法处死小鼠。无菌环境下取出脾脏, 置于小鼠脾细胞分离液中, 用镊子将脾脏撕碎, 制成单个样本的细胞悬浮液。200目筛网过筛后, 加入1 mL RPMI 1640培养基, 3000 r/min离心30 min收集淋巴细胞层细胞。将细胞浓度调整为3×106个/mL, 加入24孔培养板中, 每孔1 mL。之后, 实验孔加入75 μL 100 μg/mL的ConA液, 对照孔加入等量的磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline, PBS), 然后, 将培养板置于CO2培养箱中, 孵育至68 h时, 每孔加入700 μL RPMI 1640基础培养基和50 μL 5 mg/mL的MTT液, 继续孵育4 h。孵育完成后, 向每孔加入1 mL的酸性异丙醇, 振荡至紫色结晶完全溶解。将溶解液转移至96孔培养板, 每组设置3个平行孔, 使用酶标仪在570 nm波长处测定吸光值。淋巴细胞的增殖能力以ConA处理孔的OD值减去未处理孔的OD值来表示。
小鼠腹腔注射0.2 mL的2% SRBC进行免疫, 随后继续灌胃给药4 d。之后, 小鼠眼眶取血, 室温静置2 h后, 4 ℃, 4000 r/min离心15 min收集血清, 并用生理盐水将血清稀释300倍。取1 mL稀释后的血清, 依次加入0.5 mL 的10% SRBC溶液和1 mL补体, 反应20 min后, 2000 r/min离心10 min。取上清液与都氏试剂按1:3体积比混和, 用酶标仪在540 nm波长处测定吸光值, 以SRBC半数溶血吸光值为对照组吸光值, 半数溶血素值(half value of hemolysin, HC50)=(实验组吸光值/对照组吸光值)×稀释倍数。
小鼠腹腔注射1 mL的6%无菌淀粉溶液以趋化诱导腹腔巨噬细胞, 连续注射3 d后, 再腹腔注射1 mL的20% CRBC悬液。轻揉小鼠腹部30 min以促使CRBC分散, 随后腹腔注射2 mL生理盐水, 并吸取1 mL腹腔液均匀滴在两片载玻片上, 使用姬姆萨染液染色3 min后, 用蒸馏水漂洗并晾干, 进行镜检。在油镜下计数100个巨噬细胞, 计算吞噬率, 吞噬百分率/%=(吞噬鸡红细胞的巨噬细胞数/计数的巨噬细胞数)×100%。
数据结果以均值±标准偏差表示, 并使用Graphpad prism 8软件进行数据分析和制图, 多组间数据比较采用单因素方差分析(one way analysis of variance, ANOVA), 当P<0.05时认为有显著性差异, 当P<0.01时认为具有极显著性差异, 当P<0.001时认为具有强极显著性差异。
从TCMSP数据库中检索得到SCIOP的活性成分化合物共48类, 利用Uniprot数据库进行标准化处理, 汇总去重后得到231个目标靶点。从目标靶点里筛选出与免疫相关的有效成分为15类(表1), 将SCIOP中与免疫相关的化学成分和作用靶点信息导入Cytoscape 3.8.0软件, 构建“成分-靶点”网络图, 该网络图共包含39个节点, 304条边, 直观展示了SCIOP有效成分免疫调节作用的潜在机制(图1)。
表1类别汇总显示, SCIOP大部分活性成分属于三萜皂苷类和三萜糖苷类化合物。研究表明, 这两类化合物在海洋生物中广泛存在, 并具有显著的免疫调节作用。它们能激活巨噬细胞、T细胞等免疫细胞, 增强免疫反应; 调节IL-6、白细胞介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α)等细胞因子水平, 提升免疫功能; 促进免疫细胞在细胞外基质上的迁移和黏附, 增强其活性[21]; 并通过调节磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶B (phosphatidylinositol 3kinase-protein kinase B,PI3K-Akt)、激活丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPK)等信号通路, 影响免疫细胞的增殖与活化[22]。如刺参苷具有抗肿瘤、诱导细胞凋亡等生物活性, 可通过抑制蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin, Akt/mTOR)通路诱导细胞自噬[23], 对肿瘤细胞表现出显著的抗癌效果。黄瓜苷对多种癌细胞具有显著的抑制作用, 具有调节机体免疫力和抗炎的效果[24]。海参素可以通过调节干扰素(interferon, IFN)和白细胞介素等细胞因子的分泌、增强巨噬细胞的吞噬功能, 发挥免疫调节作用[25]
从GeneCards数据库中筛选出1653个与免疫细胞作用相关的靶点, 通过Venn图分析确定SCIOP作用于免疫细胞的46个关键靶点(图2)。再根据“有效成分-活性靶点”网络图(图1)及“度值”排序, 筛选出排名前10的关键靶点(表2)。其中CDC25A是一种磷酸酶, 可以通过去磷酸化作用激活细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(cyclin-dependent kinases, CDK)促进细胞周期进程, 影响免疫细胞的功能[26]。FGF1可以通过MAPK和磷脂酶Cγ (phospholipase Cγ, PLCγ)等信号通路, 促进免疫细胞的增殖与存活。LAMPART等[27]研究表明, FGF1在细胞应激条件下可直接与p53相互作用, 调节细胞凋亡。NR3C1参与炎症反应, 其可以与糖皮质激素(glucocorticoids, GCs)结合, 通过抑制体内促炎因子的表达, 减少炎症细胞的活化[28]。PTPRC作为免疫系统中重要的调节分子, 可以通过去磷酸化调节T细胞和B细胞的抗原受体, 从而参与机体的免疫过程。CD22分子在B细胞的调节和体液免疫中发挥着重要作用。当B细胞抗原受体(B-cell receptor, BCR)被抗原激活时, CD22通过去磷酸化作用, 抑制BCR的信号传导, 从而影响免疫反应[29]。SELP可以通过中性粒细胞和单核细胞与内皮细胞的黏附, 促进炎症部位免疫细胞的浸润[30]
对SCIOP和免疫细胞的共同靶点进行GO分析, 结果显示细胞组分(cellular component, CC) 有16个条目, 生物学过程(biological process, BP)有94个条目, 分子功能(molecular function, MF)有27个条目。根据P筛选, 排名前10的生物学功能条目见图3。分析表明, 免疫细胞的细胞组分主要包括细胞质、细胞核、内质网、细胞外外泌体等; 生物学过程主要涉及信号转导、MAPK级联的正调控、基因表达的负调控、细胞迁移的正调控等; 分子过程主要为DNA结合、钙调蛋白结合、生长因子活性、血红素结合等。
对SCIOP和免疫细胞的共同靶点进行KEGG富集分析, 并根据P绘制气泡图。结果显示, 这些靶点主要富集在14条信号通路, 包括精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、血管内皮生长因子信号通路、血小板活化、缺氧诱导因子-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1, HIF-1)信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、糖尿病并发症中晚期糖基化终末产物-晚期糖基化终末产物受体(advanced gycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products, AGE-RAGE)信号通路、细胞黏附分子等(图4)。其中PI3K-Akt、HIF-1和细胞黏附分子等信号通路通过调节相关基因表达和细胞代谢在免疫细胞的生存、增殖、迁移和功能发挥中扮演着关键角色。例如, 激活PI3K-Akt信号通路可以促进T细胞和B细胞的增殖和存活, 对于免疫细胞的活化、增殖和调节起重要作用[31]; 在体液免疫中, 细胞黏附分子可以促进B细胞与抗原呈递细胞结合, 促进机体产生抗体[32], 在细胞免疫中, 细胞黏附分子促进T细胞和巨噬细胞迁移至炎症部位[33]; 在HIF-1信号通路中, HIF-1α可以促进B细胞的增殖和分化, 促进巨噬细胞向M1型极化[34]
SCIOP连续灌胃期间, 所有小鼠状态良好, 行为特征未见异常或者死亡, 各组小鼠体重均有增加, 但初始体重和终末体重均无显著性差异, 表明SCIOP灌胃对小鼠未产生毒副作用。脾脏与胸腺作为机体中重要的淋巴器官, 其系数可以反映免疫器官的发育情况与免疫细胞的功能状况, 从而反应机体的免疫水平[35]。连续灌胃给药后, 与CON组和PC组相比, SCIOP灌胃各组小鼠脾脏指数与胸腺指数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05), 具体数据见表3
迟发型变态反应是一种由T淋巴细胞介导的炎症过程, 其特征是致敏淋巴细胞与特定抗原结合后, 引发以单核细胞浸润和细胞坏死为特征的局部变态反应性炎症。由DNFB诱导的迟发型变态反应会导致小鼠耳部组织增厚, 因此, 可以通过测量小鼠耳廓肿胀差值来评估药物对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响[36]。SCIOP连续灌胃30 d后, CON、PC、SCIOP-L与SCIOP-H组的耳廓肿胀差值分别为(24.76±0.63)、(28.64±1.17)、(28.58±1.80)、(29.88±3.59) mg; PC组(P<0.01)、SCIOP-L组(P<0.01)与SCIOP-H组(P<0.001)小鼠的耳廓肿胀差值均显著高于CON组(图5)。结果表明, 不同剂量的SCIOP均能显著增强DNFB诱发的迟发性变态反应, 正向调节小鼠的细胞免疫功能。
淋巴细胞的转化率是评估机体免疫功能的一个重要指标。ConA刺激T淋巴细胞后, 能够促进其转化为母细胞并持续增殖。脾淋巴细胞的转化能力越强, 表明机体的免疫功能越强[36]。如图6所示, SCIOP-H显著提升了淋巴细胞的增殖能力, 与CON组相比, 差异极显著(P<0.01)。结果说明SCIOP-H能有效增强ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力, 从而提高机体的免疫力。
以SRBC免疫小鼠, 使小鼠血清中产生特异性SRBC抗体, 再在补体的作用下裂解SRBC细胞。半数溶血素值HC50可以用来评估SRBC细胞产生半数溶血所需溶血素的最小量, 从而评价机体的体液免疫功能[37]。小鼠连续灌胃SCIOP 30 d后, CON组、PC组、SCIOP-L组与SCIOP-H组半数溶血素值HC50分别为(30.00±2.22)、(32.70±1.00)、(32.94±1.35)和(33.06±1.92) U/mL, PC组、SCIOP-L组与SCIOP-H组半数溶血素值HC50均显著高于CON组(P<0.01) (图7)。结果表明, 不同剂量的SCIOP处理均能显著提高SRBC细胞溶血时产生溶血素的能力, 从而增强机体的体液免疫能力。
通过观察腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力, 可以评估机体的非特异性免疫功能[38]。小鼠连续灌胃SCIOP 30 d后, CON组、PC组、SCIOP-L组与SCIOP-H组的吞噬率分别为18.29%±1.98%、28.71%±3.64%、29.26%±3.56%、32.71%±3.40%。PC组、SCIOP-L组与SCIOP-H组的吞噬率均高于CON组, 差异极显著(P<0.001) (图8)。SCIOP-H组巨噬细胞的吞噬率显著高于PC组(P<0.05) (图8)。该结果表明, SCIOP可以增强巨噬细胞的吞噬能力, 提高小鼠的非特异性免疫功能, 且其效果优于海参壁肽。
本研究显示, SCIOP含有黄瓜苷和海参素等多种活性成分, 这些成分可能通过靶向CDC25A、NR3C1和FGF1等免疫细胞相关蛋白, 调节免疫功能, 从而增强机体的免疫应答。根据GO和KEGG分析, SCIOP影响了细胞质、细胞核、内质网、细胞外外泌体等多个细胞组分; 调节了信号转导、MAPK级联的正调控、基因表达的负调控、细胞迁移的正调控等多个生物学过程, 参与了DNA结合、钙调蛋白结合、生长因子活性、血红素结合等多个分子过程, 并通过PI3K-Akt、HIF-1、细胞黏附分子等信号通路发挥其对免疫细胞激活的调控作用。
动物实验结果显示, SCIOP可以提高小鼠迟发型变态反应、脾淋巴细胞转化能力、体液免疫以及腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性。其中, 迟发型变态反应依赖于T细胞的识别和活化, 是T细胞介导的免疫反应的一个重要指标。脾淋巴细胞转化能力反映了T细胞的活化和增殖能力。体液免疫指标主要涉及B细胞的功能, 即机体产生抗体应对外来抗原的能力。而腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性则衡量巨噬细胞的吞噬和消化功能, 反映了固有免疫的状态, 也与调节和协调适应性免疫应答有关[39-40]。研究结果表明, SCIOP能够在体液免疫和细胞免疫两个层面全面增强小鼠的免疫系统功能。
综上所述, 本研究采用网络药理学方法初步阐明了SCIOP在免疫调节中作用的靶点及相关通路, SCIOP可能通过其多样化的成分、针对多个靶点及调节多条通路来调节机体的免疫能力, 其效用与海参壁相当, 尤其在提升巨噬细胞吞噬活性方面, 表现更为显著。因此, SCIOP有望作为一种有效的免疫调节剂, 在增强机体免疫防御功能方面具有潜在的应用价值。
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2025年第16卷第11期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250128001
  • 接收时间:2025-01-28
  • 首发时间:2025-07-14
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-28
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    1. 辽宁大学生命科学院, 沈阳 110036
    2. 沈阳城市学院生命与健康管理学院, 沈阳 110112

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* 金莉莉(1971—), 女, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为生物活性肽的生物化学与分子生物学。E-mail:
王秋雨(1961—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为生物活性肽的细胞分子生物学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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