Article(id=1151437192900997750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241118008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731859200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752453619456, onlineDateStr=2025-07-14, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752453619456, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752453619456, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752453619456, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151437189243089177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752453618584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767768054466, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=251, endPage=256, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151895328191033367, articleId=1151437192900997750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Comparison of physicochemical properties of Tibetan pea starch with mung bean starch and poplar-wheat starch, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To compare the physicochemical properties of Tibetan pea starch, mung bean starch, and poplar-wheat starch. Methods The amylose content, granule morphology, particle size distribution, crystalline structure, pasting properties, digestibility and thermodynamic properties of the 3 types of starch were studied. Results The amylose content in pea starch was significantly lower than that in mung bean starch and poplar-wheat starch; pea starch and poplar-wheat starch granules were mainly oval and kidney-shaped, while mung bean starch granules were mainly disc-shaped and ellipsoidal. The average particle size of pea starch was significantly different compared to the other 2 types of starch, and the relative crystallinity of the 3 types of starch types showed no significant differences; pea and mung bean starches had typical C-type crystalline structures, while poplar-wheat starch had an A-type crystalline structure. Mung bean starch had a stronger water-binding capacity, and the starch paste became more viscous after absorbing water and swelling, while pea starch and poplar-wheat starch had better thermal paste stability, with stronger heat resistance and shear resistance in high-temperature environments. Pea starch was more prone to gelation and aging, while poplar-wheat starch was less prone to aging. Poplar-wheat starch had a later pasting time, while pea starch had the earliest pasting time. Pea starch had the highest content of rapidly digestible starch and slowly digestible starch, while poplar-wheat starch had the highest content of resistant starch. Pea starch and poplar-wheat starch were easier to gelatinize than mung bean starch, which was less prone to gelatinization. Conclusion Tibetan pea starch and poplar-wheat starch are similar as granule shape and thermal paste stability, and most of their physicochemical properties are similar as those of mung bean starch.

, correspAuthors=Wen-Hui ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Cui-Cui YU, Wen-Hui ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151895333752680592, articleId=1151437192900997750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=西藏麻豌豆淀粉与绿豆淀粉、杨麦淀粉理化性质比较, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 比较西藏麻豌豆淀粉、绿豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉的理化性质。方法 研究3种淀粉的直链淀粉含量、颗粒形态、粒径分布、结晶结构、糊化特性、消化特性及热力学特性。结果 麻豌豆淀粉中直链淀粉含量占比显著低于绿豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉; 麻豌豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉颗粒主要呈椭圆形和肾形, 绿豆淀粉颗粒主要呈圆饼状和椭球形, 麻豌豆淀粉粒径平均值与其他两种淀粉对比存在显著性差异, 3种淀粉的相对结晶度无显著性差异; 麻豌豆与绿豆淀粉为典型的C-型结晶结构, 杨麦淀粉为A-型结晶结构; 绿豆淀粉与水结合能力更强, 吸水膨胀后淀粉糊更黏稠, 而麻豌豆淀粉与杨麦淀粉的热糊稳定性更好, 在高温环境有更强的耐热性和抗剪切力; 麻豌豆淀粉更易形成凝胶更易老化, 而杨麦淀粉不易老化, 杨麦淀粉成糊时间晚, 而麻豌豆淀粉成糊时间最早。麻豌豆淀粉的快消化淀粉含量和慢消化淀粉含量最高, 杨麦淀粉的抗性淀粉含量最高。麻豌豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉比绿豆淀粉更易糊化, 而绿豆淀粉不易糊化。结论 麻豌豆淀粉与杨麦淀粉在颗粒形状和热糊稳定性上相同, 其理化性质大部分与绿豆淀粉相同。

, correspAuthors=张文会, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张文会(1974—), 男, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为特色农产品开发。E-mail:
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于翠翠(1988—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为特色农产品开发。E-mail:

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于翠翠(1988—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为特色农产品开发。E-mail:

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Polymer Bulletin, 2016(11): 69-76., articleTitle=Ball mill processing of pea starch structure and the influence of the physical and chemical properties, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167030643184645095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=52, authorNames=郭洪梅, journalName=超微粉碎处理对杂粮(豆)淀粉结构及理化特性的影响, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭洪梅. 超微粉碎处理对杂粮(豆)淀粉结构及理化特性的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167030643310474217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=53, authorNames=GUO HM, journalName=The effect of ultrafine grinding treatment on the structure and physicochemical properties of starch in miscellaneous grains (beans), refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO HM. The effect of ultrafine grinding treatment on the structure and physicochemical properties of starch in miscellaneous grains (beans)[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1167030639304913831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, awardId=XZCZ-SS-2024, language=CN, fundingSource=2024年西藏居民膳食营养健康改善与优化农产品保供科技支撑项目(XZCZ-SS-2024), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1167030639359439784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, awardId=XZCZ-SS-2025, language=CN, fundingSource=2025年支持国民营养计划(五个针对)研发项目(XZCZ-SS-2025), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167030637161624452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030637170013061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, companyId=1167030637161624452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Agri-products Development and Food Sciences (IAPDFS), Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences (XZAAAS), Lhasa 850000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030637178401670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, companyId=1167030637161624452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西藏自治区农牧科学院农产品开发与食品科学研究所, 拉萨 850000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167030638331835289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Scanning electron microscope images of 3 kinds of starch granules (×1000), figureFileSmall=F+2Fm1InDXUB3kgdv0ZgLQ==, figureFileBig=iEP9SwBMchumXetwx4Ei4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030638382166938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=CN, label=图1, caption=3种淀粉颗粒扫描电子显微镜图(×1000), figureFileSmall=F+2Fm1InDXUB3kgdv0ZgLQ==, figureFileBig=iEP9SwBMchumXetwx4Ei4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030638428304283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Content of 3 kinds of basic components of starch

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 总淀粉/% 直链淀粉含量/%
麻豌豆淀粉 91.93±6.54a 29.24±0.16b
绿豆淀粉 93.22±4.86a 32.46±0.00a
杨麦淀粉 88.21±0.73a 32.52±0.08a
), ArticleFig(id=1167030638487024540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

3种淀粉基本组分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 总淀粉/% 直链淀粉含量/%
麻豌豆淀粉 91.93±6.54a 29.24±0.16b
绿豆淀粉 93.22±4.86a 32.46±0.00a
杨麦淀粉 88.21±0.73a 32.52±0.08a
), ArticleFig(id=1167030638562522013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Particle size distribution of 3 kinds of starches

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 粒径平均值/µm D10/µm D50/µm D90/µm D(3,2)/µm
麻豌豆淀粉 27.20±1.73a 9.00±0.22a 25.17±0.21a 39.60±1.92a 11.77±0.12a
绿豆淀粉 15.10±0.00b 2.68±0.02c 15.27±0.06c 26.77±0.06b 6.25±0.03c
杨麦淀粉 19.60±0.00b 8.12±0.03b 20.60±0.00b 28.33±0.06b 9.34±0.07b
), ArticleFig(id=1167030638617047966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

3种淀粉样品的粒径分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 粒径平均值/µm D10/µm D50/µm D90/µm D(3,2)/µm
麻豌豆淀粉 27.20±1.73a 9.00±0.22a 25.17±0.21a 39.60±1.92a 11.77±0.12a
绿豆淀粉 15.10±0.00b 2.68±0.02c 15.27±0.06c 26.77±0.06b 6.25±0.03c
杨麦淀粉 19.60±0.00b 8.12±0.03b 20.60±0.00b 28.33±0.06b 9.34±0.07b
), ArticleFig(id=1167030638688351135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

X-ray diffraction characteristics of 3 kinds of starches

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 衍射角2θ 相对结晶度/% 晶型
15 17 23
麻豌豆淀粉 15.22 17.20 23.22 31.64±5.44a C
杨麦淀粉 15.16 17.16 23.16 27.15±2.66a A
绿豆淀粉 15.20 17.24 23.28 34.30±2.15a C
), ArticleFig(id=1167030638742877088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

3种淀粉的X-射线衍射特征参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 衍射角2θ 相对结晶度/% 晶型
15 17 23
麻豌豆淀粉 15.22 17.20 23.22 31.64±5.44a C
杨麦淀粉 15.16 17.16 23.16 27.15±2.66a A
绿豆淀粉 15.20 17.24 23.28 34.30±2.15a C
), ArticleFig(id=1167030638839346081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Gelatinization characteristic parameters of 3 kinds of starches

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 峰值黏度/cp 低谷黏度/cp 衰减值/cp 最终黏度/cp 回生值/cp 峰值时间/min 成糊温度/℃
麻豌豆淀粉 2998.5±74.2b 2353.0±93.3b 646±168b 4703.0±231.9a 2350.0±138.6a 4.73±0.00b 72.65±0.00c
绿豆淀粉 5429.5±105.4a 3344.0±38.2a 2086±144a 4904.0±75.0a 1560.0±36.8b 4.27±0.00b 74.73±0.46b
杨麦淀粉 2908.5±0.7b 2355.0±69.3b 554±70b 3310.5±77.8b 955.0±8.5c 6.94±0.09a 88.88±0.04a
), ArticleFig(id=1167030638889677730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

3种淀粉糊化特性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 峰值黏度/cp 低谷黏度/cp 衰减值/cp 最终黏度/cp 回生值/cp 峰值时间/min 成糊温度/℃
麻豌豆淀粉 2998.5±74.2b 2353.0±93.3b 646±168b 4703.0±231.9a 2350.0±138.6a 4.73±0.00b 72.65±0.00c
绿豆淀粉 5429.5±105.4a 3344.0±38.2a 2086±144a 4904.0±75.0a 1560.0±36.8b 4.27±0.00b 74.73±0.46b
杨麦淀粉 2908.5±0.7b 2355.0±69.3b 554±70b 3310.5±77.8b 955.0±8.5c 6.94±0.09a 88.88±0.04a
), ArticleFig(id=1167030638956786595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Parameters in vitro of 3 kinds of starch digestion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 RDS/% SDS/% RS/%
麻豌豆淀粉 8.92±0.03a 4.35±0.02a 80.07±0.01b
绿豆淀粉 7.06±0.07b 2.84±0.06c 87.55±0.01a
杨麦淀粉 6.33±0.06c 3.73±0.09b 88.05±0.04a
), ArticleFig(id=1167030639057449892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

3种淀粉体外消化参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 RDS/% SDS/% RS/%
麻豌豆淀粉 8.92±0.03a 4.35±0.02a 80.07±0.01b
绿豆淀粉 7.06±0.07b 2.84±0.06c 87.55±0.01a
杨麦淀粉 6.33±0.06c 3.73±0.09b 88.05±0.04a
), ArticleFig(id=1167030639120364453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Differential scanning calorimetric characteristic parameters of 3 kinds of starches

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 起始糊化温度/℃ 峰值温度/℃ 终止温度/℃ 糊化温度范围/℃ 焓变/(J/g)
麻豌豆淀粉 57.18±0.71b 63.03±0.88b 72.79±0.26ab 15.61±0.97a 7.04±0.01a
绿豆淀粉 63.92±1.13a 69.13±0.97a 74.62±2.84a 10.70±3.97a 6.53±0.54a
杨麦淀粉 58.59±0.42b 62.84±0.64b 68.98±1.47b 10.39±1.05a 4.10±2.00b
), ArticleFig(id=1167030639183279014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192900997750, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

3种淀粉样品的差示扫描量热分析特征参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 起始糊化温度/℃ 峰值温度/℃ 终止温度/℃ 糊化温度范围/℃ 焓变/(J/g)
麻豌豆淀粉 57.18±0.71b 63.03±0.88b 72.79±0.26ab 15.61±0.97a 7.04±0.01a
绿豆淀粉 63.92±1.13a 69.13±0.97a 74.62±2.84a 10.70±3.97a 6.53±0.54a
杨麦淀粉 58.59±0.42b 62.84±0.64b 68.98±1.47b 10.39±1.05a 4.10±2.00b
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西藏麻豌豆淀粉与绿豆淀粉、杨麦淀粉理化性质比较
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于翠翠 , 张文会 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(11): 251-256
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(11): 251-256
西藏麻豌豆淀粉与绿豆淀粉、杨麦淀粉理化性质比较
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于翠翠 , 张文会*
作者信息
  • 西藏自治区农牧科学院农产品开发与食品科学研究所, 拉萨 850000
  • 于翠翠(1988—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为特色农产品开发。E-mail:

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* 张文会(1974—), 男, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为特色农产品开发。E-mail:
Comparison of physicochemical properties of Tibetan pea starch with mung bean starch and poplar-wheat starch
Cui-Cui YU , Wen-Hui ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • Institute of Agri-products Development and Food Sciences (IAPDFS), Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences (XZAAAS), Lhasa 850000, China
出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241118008
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目的 比较西藏麻豌豆淀粉、绿豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉的理化性质。方法 研究3种淀粉的直链淀粉含量、颗粒形态、粒径分布、结晶结构、糊化特性、消化特性及热力学特性。结果 麻豌豆淀粉中直链淀粉含量占比显著低于绿豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉; 麻豌豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉颗粒主要呈椭圆形和肾形, 绿豆淀粉颗粒主要呈圆饼状和椭球形, 麻豌豆淀粉粒径平均值与其他两种淀粉对比存在显著性差异, 3种淀粉的相对结晶度无显著性差异; 麻豌豆与绿豆淀粉为典型的C-型结晶结构, 杨麦淀粉为A-型结晶结构; 绿豆淀粉与水结合能力更强, 吸水膨胀后淀粉糊更黏稠, 而麻豌豆淀粉与杨麦淀粉的热糊稳定性更好, 在高温环境有更强的耐热性和抗剪切力; 麻豌豆淀粉更易形成凝胶更易老化, 而杨麦淀粉不易老化, 杨麦淀粉成糊时间晚, 而麻豌豆淀粉成糊时间最早。麻豌豆淀粉的快消化淀粉含量和慢消化淀粉含量最高, 杨麦淀粉的抗性淀粉含量最高。麻豌豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉比绿豆淀粉更易糊化, 而绿豆淀粉不易糊化。结论 麻豌豆淀粉与杨麦淀粉在颗粒形状和热糊稳定性上相同, 其理化性质大部分与绿豆淀粉相同。

麻豌豆淀粉  /  绿豆淀粉  /  杨麦淀粉  /  理化性质

Objective To compare the physicochemical properties of Tibetan pea starch, mung bean starch, and poplar-wheat starch. Methods The amylose content, granule morphology, particle size distribution, crystalline structure, pasting properties, digestibility and thermodynamic properties of the 3 types of starch were studied. Results The amylose content in pea starch was significantly lower than that in mung bean starch and poplar-wheat starch; pea starch and poplar-wheat starch granules were mainly oval and kidney-shaped, while mung bean starch granules were mainly disc-shaped and ellipsoidal. The average particle size of pea starch was significantly different compared to the other 2 types of starch, and the relative crystallinity of the 3 types of starch types showed no significant differences; pea and mung bean starches had typical C-type crystalline structures, while poplar-wheat starch had an A-type crystalline structure. Mung bean starch had a stronger water-binding capacity, and the starch paste became more viscous after absorbing water and swelling, while pea starch and poplar-wheat starch had better thermal paste stability, with stronger heat resistance and shear resistance in high-temperature environments. Pea starch was more prone to gelation and aging, while poplar-wheat starch was less prone to aging. Poplar-wheat starch had a later pasting time, while pea starch had the earliest pasting time. Pea starch had the highest content of rapidly digestible starch and slowly digestible starch, while poplar-wheat starch had the highest content of resistant starch. Pea starch and poplar-wheat starch were easier to gelatinize than mung bean starch, which was less prone to gelatinization. Conclusion Tibetan pea starch and poplar-wheat starch are similar as granule shape and thermal paste stability, and most of their physicochemical properties are similar as those of mung bean starch.

pea starch  /  mung bean starch  /  poplar-wheat starch  /  physicochemical properties
于翠翠, 张文会. 西藏麻豌豆淀粉与绿豆淀粉、杨麦淀粉理化性质比较. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (11) : 251 -256 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241118008
Cui-Cui YU, Wen-Hui ZHANG. Comparison of physicochemical properties of Tibetan pea starch with mung bean starch and poplar-wheat starch[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (11) : 251 -256 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241118008
豌豆又称毕豆、寒豆、麦豆等, 形状为卵形[1], 为豆科一年生草本植物, 是世界主要豆类作物之一。豌豆中富含碳水化合物、蛋白质及膳食纤维等多种物质, 同时其脂肪含量低, 也是B族维生素和铁、钾、钙等营养物质较好来源[2]。现代研究表明食用豌豆不仅可以提高机体免疫力, 还可以降低低密度脂蛋白及结肠癌等疾病的发病率[3]。淀粉是豌豆的主要成分之一, 其含量约占豌豆的40%~50%; 与其他淀粉比较可知豌豆淀粉中直链淀粉含量高, 具有热黏度高、凝胶透明度高及强度高的特点, 可以作为粉皮和粉丝加工原料而用于食品加工业[4], 另外豌豆淀粉可通过改性后用于纺织、医药、化工等领域[5-9]。张燕鹏等[10]将豌豆与马铃薯和玉米淀粉进行对比研究表明, 豌豆淀粉的回生值与糊化温度较高、慢消化淀粉含量较高, 但其衰减值较低; 与马铃薯淀粉对比可知豌豆淀粉透明度低, 凝沉性强。研究表明, 不同产地与品种豌豆淀粉的组分含量及理化性质有较大差异, 同时淀粉产品品质与理化性质有着密切相关[10]。不同来源淀粉结构特征存在差异, 使其具有不同的理化性质, 影响淀粉在食品加工工业中的应用, 目前对于西藏地区种植麻豌豆淀粉的研究较少, 因此本研究以西藏日喀则地区种植麻豌豆为原料提取淀粉, 与绿豆淀粉、杨麦淀粉进行系统研究, 明确西藏麻豌豆淀粉结构、理化特性以及区别, 为西藏麻豌豆淀粉开发利用提供理论依据。
麻豌豆淀粉(西藏日喀则地区产麻豌豆); 绿豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉(西北农林科技大学食品学院提供); 直链淀粉、支链淀粉标准品[阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司]; Megzyme试剂盒(美国Megazyme公司); 糖化酶(100000 U/mL)、猪胰 α-淀粉酶(USP Grade)(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 氢氧化钠(分析纯, 沧州市汇昇化工产品销售有限公司); 无水硫酸铜、乙醇、醋酸、醋酸钠、石油醚(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 硫酸钾(分析纯, 武汉鹏垒生物科技有限公司)。
JYL-G12E型高速破壁机(鼎立医疗器械有限公司); TDL-5-A台式离心机(上海安亨科学仪器厂); N6000型紫外分光光度计(上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司); Hitachi S-3400型扫描电子显微镜[日立分析仪器(上海)有限公司]; SJ-9A-27-JY射频发生器(河北华氏有限公司); MASTERS12ER-2000激光粒度仪(英国Malvern公司); SUPER3 RVA快速黏度分析仪(澳大利亚Newport公司); D/max2200PCX-射线衍射仪(日本理学公司); HSJ-4A型HH系列数显恒温水浴锅(常州澳华仪器有限公司); Q2000差式扫描量热分析仪(美国TA公司); JB-12多头磁力搅拌器(常州市金坛友联仪器研究所); BSA2238-CW电子天平(精度0.1 mg, 赛多利科学仪器北京有限公司); 101-1AB型电热鼓风干燥箱(天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司)。
将麻豌豆磨粉后过60目筛, 按1:20 (g:mL)料液比加纯水后搅拌36 h。将提取液放入4000 r/min离心机中离心10 min, 倒掉上清液并刮去上层黄灰色物质, 所得淀粉经纯水清洗3次后在放入离心机离心, 所得淀粉倒入平皿中常温晾干[11]
(1)总淀粉含量
根据Megzyme试剂盒法(直链淀粉/支链淀粉检测试剂盒)测定。
(2)直链淀粉含量
将一定比例直链淀粉和支链淀粉混合液与碘显色, 根据朗伯-比尔定理, 直链淀粉浓度与吸光度成线性关系的原理[12], 参考文献[13]中单波长分光光度法修改后对淀粉中直链淀粉含量进行测定。
将适当处理后淀粉轻放置在其上黏附有导电胶带的载物台上, 通过离子溅射镀膜仪对淀粉进行喷镀, 取出后, 将其置于扫描电子显微镜中并拍照[14]
取适量淀粉溶解于蒸馏水中, 在粒度分析仪中进行淀粉粒度测定。采用激光粒度分析仪, 检测淀粉颗粒平均直径。然后配制浓度为1%淀粉分散液, 以水为背景调试机器, 取少量分散液加入样品池, 在0~1 μm之间扫描, 记录数据并计算分析[15]
将淀粉置于铝片孔(15 mm×20 mm, 1.5 mm), 压紧并使用X射线衍射仪进行测定。测定条件为: 衍射角2θ为4°~60°, 管压、管流分别为40 kV、30 mA, 步长为0.02°,
扫描速度为6°/min, 积分时间为0.2 min; 靶型为Cu[16]。相对结晶度根据XRD峰, 通过非线性峰拟合进行计算[17]
参照AACC76-21所述方法, 按样品各自的含水量称取麻豌豆淀粉于铝盒中, 先用螺旋桨手动搅拌几下使样品均匀分散, 装好铝盒后按设定好的升温降温程序(50 ℃保温1 min, 以12 ℃/min升温至95 ℃, 保温2.5 min后以12 ℃/min降温至50 ℃, 保温2 min), 用快速粘度分析仪测定样品糊化特性。
参考ENGLYST等[18]的方法并略作修改, 称取100 mg淀粉再加入0.5 mol/L醋酸钠缓冲液10 mL, 加1 mL糖化酶(2500 U/mL)和4 mL猪胰α-淀粉酶, 然后在37 ℃水解20 min并沸水浴灭活, 采用DNS法测葡萄糖含量。用相同方法将样品在37 ℃下水解120 min后测定葡萄糖含量。按照公式(1)~(3)计算快消化淀粉(rapidly digest starch, RDS), 慢消化淀粉(slowly digest starch, SDS)和抗性淀粉(resistant starch, RS)的含量:
$\mathrm{RDS} /\%=\frac{(G 20-G 0) \times 0.9}{W} \times 100 \%$
$\mathrm{SDS} /\%=\frac{(G 120-G 0) \times 0.9}{W} \times 100 \%$
$\mathrm{RS} /\%=(1-\mathrm{RDS}-\mathrm{SDS}) \times 100 \%$
式中, G0为淀粉酶解前葡萄糖含量, mg; G20为20 min内淀粉产生的葡萄糖含量, mg; G120为淀粉水解120 min产生的葡萄糖含量, mg; W为样品的质量, g。
称取3.0 mg淀粉(湿基)置于差示扫描量热仪。选用最大量程20 μL的移液枪按比例添加蒸馏水, 在室温条件下将制备的样品放置4 h。用差示扫描量热仪测定平衡好的样品, 升温速率为10 ℃/min, 测定温度范围20~95 ℃, 选择密封的空铝盘作为参比。所得图谱用仪器自带的热分析软件进行分析。
所有数据均为3次平行测量的平均值, 对同组数据利用SPSS 17.0进行显著性分析, 显著性差异水平(P<0.05)。
表1可知, 绿豆总淀粉含量高于麻豌豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉, 但3种淀粉之间并不存在显著性差异。麻豌豆淀粉中直链淀粉占比显著低于绿豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉。直链淀粉具有高溶解性和低黏度, 而支链淀粉具有低溶解性和高黏度; 直链淀粉不易形成凝胶, 而支链淀粉具有良好的凝胶形成能力[19]
图1可以看出, 麻豌豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉的颗粒主要呈肾形和椭圆形, 且表面光滑, 但因部分淀粉复粒有褶皱; 绿豆淀粉颗粒主要呈椭球形和圆饼状。
表2可知3种淀粉粒径平均值具有显著性差异, 其中麻豌豆淀粉粒径平均值最大为27.2 µm, 绿豆淀粉淀粉粒径平均值最小为15.1 µm。D10、D50、D90分别指累计粒度分布百分数达到10%、50%、90%所对应的粒径值; 麻豌豆淀粉粒径值D10、D50、D90均与其他淀粉呈现显著性差异, 分别为9.00、25.17、39.60 µm。D(3,2)表示面积平均径, D(3,2)越大, 粒度分布越宽[20]。麻豌豆淀粉的D(3,2)面积平均粒径与绿豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉具有显著性差异, 显著高于另外两种淀粉。
表3, 可知麻豌豆淀粉、绿豆淀粉表现出较为相似的衍射特征, 在衍射角2θ为 15°、17°和23°具有较强衍射峰, 是典型C型淀粉, 而杨麦淀粉在15°、17°、18°、23°时有明显的衍射峰, 17°、18°附近的衍射峰是相连的双峰, 这是典型A型淀粉。3种淀粉的相对结晶度无显著性差异(P>0.05), 麻豌豆淀粉和绿豆淀粉结晶度最高, 但其直链淀粉含量相对较低, 支链淀粉含量较高, 可能是由于支链淀粉通过其特有的支链结构, 有助于形成淀粉分子之间更为有序的排列, 进而提高淀粉的整体结晶度[20]; 相对结晶度高其淀粉结构稳定性越好, 这可能是由于淀粉分子内部双螺旋间相互作用程度强、晶粒取向较好等原因[21]
淀粉糊的黏度与淀粉颗粒的大小、淀粉种类、直链淀粉含量及淀粉晶体结构、脂类物质含量、支链淀粉的侧链长度等因素有关[22]。峰值黏度代表了淀粉最大的膨胀力, 衰减值反映的是淀粉糊的热稳定性, 衰减值越大表明淀粉的热糊稳定性越差[23-24]。由表4可知, 麻豌豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉的峰值黏度、低谷黏度和衰减值显著低于绿豆淀粉(P<0.05), 说明绿豆淀粉与水结合能力更强, 吸水膨胀后淀粉糊更黏稠, 而麻豌豆淀粉与杨麦淀粉的热糊稳定性更好, 在高温环境有更强的耐热性和抗剪切力。回生值高说明淀粉制的产品质地坚硬, 老化变硬速度更快; 3种淀粉的回生值呈现显著性差异(P<0.05), 说明麻豌豆淀粉更易形成凝胶更易老化, 而杨麦淀粉不易老化。峰值时间可反映淀粉糊化的难易程度, 成糊温度代表黏度开始增加的温度[25]。由此可知, 杨麦淀粉成糊温度显著高于另外两种淀粉, 说明杨麦淀粉糊化时间晚, 而麻豌豆淀粉成糊时间最早。
RDS指的是淀粉在0~20 min内会迅速产生高血糖应答, 对糖尿病患者和中老年人等人群不利[21]。SDS指的是在(20~120 min)内缓慢水解的淀粉, 具有缓慢消化吸收、维持饱腹感并释放能量, 维持餐后血糖稳态等特殊功能[26-27]。RS则是在120 min内未能被水解的部分, 其在人体中不被消化, 能在结肠中发酵产生短链脂肪酸等, 具有高膳食纤维含量、低热量特点, 有助于润肠轻体等作用, 因此RS含量较高可作为糖尿病等特殊人群的主食[27-28]。3种淀粉的体外消化参数如表5所示, 从表5中可以看出3种淀粉的RDS含量具有显著性差异, 其中麻豌豆淀粉RDS含量最多, 杨麦淀粉中RDS含量最少; 3种淀粉中SDS含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 其中麻豌豆和杨麦淀粉比绿豆中SDS含量高; 杨麦与绿豆淀粉中抗性淀粉RS含量比麻豌豆淀粉含量高, 且具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。由此可知麻豌豆淀粉在在RDS含量和SDS含量高于绿豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉; 杨麦淀粉的RS含量最高。
淀粉的热力学特性是淀粉在加热糊化中淀粉分子双螺旋晶体转变、温度与糊化焓等变化情况[29]。起始糊化温度和终止糊化温度等在一定程度反映淀粉的糊化特性, 其值低则说明淀粉易糊化; 热焓值与直链淀粉双螺旋结构以及结晶区的晶体结构有关, 主要是无定形区直链淀粉双螺旋结构被破坏而吸热[30-31]。从表6可以看到, 麻豌豆淀粉与杨麦淀粉在起始糊化温度、峰值温度、终止温度低于绿豆淀粉, 并具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。这说明麻豌豆淀粉和杨麦淀粉比绿豆淀粉更易糊化, 而绿豆淀粉不易糊化, 这可能是由于绿豆淀粉的晶体结构更加稳定而不易糊化。麻豌豆淀粉的热焓值最高且与杨麦淀粉呈现显著性差异, 这可能与麻豌豆淀粉中含有较高的直链淀粉有关。
麻豌豆淀粉颗粒呈椭圆形和肾形, 粒径平均值最大, 属于典型的C-型结晶, 其支链淀粉、快消化淀粉和慢消化淀粉含量均最高, 热糊稳定性好, 容易糊化且成糊时间早, 冷却后更易形成凝胶及老化。杨麦淀粉呈椭圆形和肾形, 属于的A-型结晶, 其直链淀粉和抗性淀粉含量显著高于麻豌豆(P<0.05), 虽易糊化但成糊时间晚, 冷却后不易老化; 绿豆淀粉颗粒主要呈圆饼状和椭球形, 粉粒径平均值最小, 属于的C-型结晶, 其直链淀粉和抗性淀粉含量与杨麦淀粉无显著性差异(P>0.05), 热糊稳定性差, 不易糊化且成糊时间早, 冷却后更易形成凝胶及老化。
  • 2024年西藏居民膳食营养健康改善与优化农产品保供科技支撑项目(XZCZ-SS-2024)
  • 2025年支持国民营养计划(五个针对)研发项目(XZCZ-SS-2025)
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2025年第16卷第11期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241118008
  • 接收时间:2024-11-18
  • 首发时间:2025-07-14
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-18
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2024年西藏居民膳食营养健康改善与优化农产品保供科技支撑项目(XZCZ-SS-2024)
2025年支持国民营养计划(五个针对)研发项目(XZCZ-SS-2025)
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    西藏自治区农牧科学院农产品开发与食品科学研究所, 拉萨 850000

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* 张文会(1974—), 男, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为特色农产品开发。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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