Article(id=1151437192007610995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250122004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737475200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752453619243, onlineDateStr=2025-07-14, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752453619243, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752453619243, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752453619243, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151437189243089177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749916800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752453618584, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1767768054466, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=168, endPage=178, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151895323078652457, articleId=1151437192007610995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of pentachlorophenol residues in animal derived food by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1151895322692776479, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Analysis and Monitoring of Toxic and Harmful Substances in Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the determination of pentachlorophenol residues in various animal derived foods by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods Triethylamine acetonitrile water extraction and mixed anion exchange column purification were used, and detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer. This article had discussed in detail the key control points such as extraction, purification, nitrogen blowing, filtration, chromatographic-mass spectrometric separation, analysis, and qualitative and quantitative determination. The improved method optimized the proportion of extraction solvents and removed the nitrogen blowing and concentration process. Eventually, a determination method applicable to the residual amounts of pentachlorophenolic acid in muscles (pork, beef, mutton, chicken), livers (pig liver, beef liver, sheep liver, chicken liver), kidneys (pig kidney, beef kidney, sheep kidney, chicken kidney), fish, shrimp, crabs, shellfish, poultry eggs (chicken eggs, duck eggs, goose eggs, quail eggs), milk and milk powder was established. Results The pentachlorophenol were linear in the range of 0.2-8.0 ng/mL with correlation coefficients (r2) higher than 0.99. The limits of detection (S/N≥3) were 0.3 µg/kg, and the limits of quantitation (S/N≥10) were 1.0 µg/kg. The recovery rates of different matrices at LOQ, 2LOQ and 10LOQ spiked levels were all between 64.5% and 119.0%, with intra and inter assay relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 15%. Conclusion The method is simple to operate, highly accurate, and has good applicability, which can meet the detection of pentachlorophenol residues in different animal derived foods.

, authors=null, authorsList=Wen-Jiang YU, Hong ZHENG, Jun WANG, Shu-Fang SU, Xia XUE, Li-Li YIN, Yan-Ming LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li-Li YIN, Yan-Ming LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151895342632497330, articleId=1151437192007610995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物源性食品中五氯酚残留, columnId=1151895322898297380, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测各类动物源性食品中五氯酚残留的方法。方法 采用三乙胺-乙腈水提取、混合阴离子交换柱净化, 经超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测。研究提取、净化、氮吹、过滤、色谱-质谱分离分析及定性定量等关键控制点, 通过优化提取溶剂的比例、去除氮吹浓缩过程, 最终建立适用于肌肉(猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉)、肝脏(猪肝、牛肝、羊肝、鸡肝)、肾脏(猪肾、牛肾、羊肾、鸡肾)、鱼、虾、蟹、贝类、禽蛋(鸡蛋、鸭蛋、鹅蛋、鹌鹑蛋)、牛奶及奶粉中五氯酚残留量的测定方法。结果 五氯酚在0.2~8.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r2>0.99), 检出限(S/N≥3)为0.3 µg/kg, 定量限(limits of quantification, LOQ) (S/N≥10)为1.0 µg/kg。不同基质在LOQ、2LOQ和10LOQ加标水平的回收率均在64.5%~119.0%, 批内、批间相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)均小于15%。结论 方法操作简单、准确度高、适用性好, 可满足不同动物性食品中五氯酚残留量的检测。

, authors=

于文江(1985—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测与风险分析。E-mail:

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* 尹丽丽(1987—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全分析及风险预警。E-mail:
刘艳明(1981—), 女, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全分析及风险预警。E-mail:
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Discussion on source and hazard analysis of pentachlorophenol in animal-derived products[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2021, 12(19): 7840-7845., articleTitle=Discussion on source and hazard analysis of pentachlorophenol in animal-derived products, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167030824168858128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=83, issue=null, pageStart=105378, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=THOTA S, BEGUM R, KAUR G, journalName=Toxicology in Vitro, refType=null, unstructuredReference=THOTA S, BEGUM R, KAUR G, et al. Pentachlorophenol mediated regulation of DAMPs and inflammation: In vitro study[J]. 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Food Science ang Technology, 2024, 49(12): 328-332., articleTitle=Determination of pentachlorophenol residues in aquatic products using isotope internal standard method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167030828090532476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=6, issue=11, pageStart=67, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=58, authorNames=黄圣南, 刘冬妮, 王显龙, journalName=中国口岸科学技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄圣南, 刘冬妮, 王显龙, 等. 同位素内标稀释-UPLC/MS/MS快速筛查五氯酚及其钠盐残留[J]. 中国口岸科学技术, 2024, 6(11): 67-73., articleTitle=同位素内标稀释-UPLC/MS/MS快速筛查五氯酚及其钠盐残留, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167030828140864126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=6, issue=11, pageStart=67, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=59, authorNames=HUANG SN, LIU DN, WANG XL, journalName=China Port Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG SN, LIU DN, WANG XL, et al. 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China Port Science and Technology, 2024, 6(11): 67-73., articleTitle=Isotope internal standard dilution-HPLC/MS/MS rapid screening of pentachlorophenol and its sodium salt residual, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1167030823753622020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, awardId=SDNMPAFZLS202502, language=CN, fundingSource=肉及肉制品中消毒剂及消毒副产物的残留检测关键技术研究项目(SDNMPAFZLS202502), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167030819253133660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030819261522269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, companyId=1167030819253133660, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Ji’nan 250100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030819265716574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, companyId=1167030819253133660, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 山东省食品药品检验研究院, 济南 250100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167030819332825441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030819337019746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, companyId=1167030819332825441, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products, State Administration for Market Regulation, Ji’nan 250100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030819345408355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, companyId=1167030819332825441, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(肉及肉制品监管技术), 济南 250100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167030819404128614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030819412517223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, companyId=1167030819404128614, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Ji’nan 250100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030819416711528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, companyId=1167030819404128614, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 产业技术基础公共服务平台, 济南 250100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167030822059123152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=First order scanning spectra of 13C6-PCP (A) and PCP (B), figureFileSmall=8lIvW+xOCb3P+q6YOi6GAw==, figureFileBig=E1gV1XB6/XQaKJl7XcTlbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030822151397843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=CN, label=图1, caption=13C6-PCP (A)和PCP (B)一级扫描谱图, figureFileSmall=8lIvW+xOCb3P+q6YOi6GAw==, figureFileBig=E1gV1XB6/XQaKJl7XcTlbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030822226895317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Secondary fragmentation spectrum of PCP (264.8) at 30 eV, figureFileSmall=ao5EoxEaMrwgc5M50/80Ng==, figureFileBig=OoamtenB2gU17LR4Y/yHGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030822306587095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=CN, label=图2, caption=在30 eV下PCP (264.8)的二级裂解谱图, figureFileSmall=ao5EoxEaMrwgc5M50/80Ng==, figureFileBig=OoamtenB2gU17LR4Y/yHGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030822373695960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=MRM diagrams of 4 ion pairs of PCP in a mobile phase of 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate-acetonitrile, figureFileSmall=AdGBpOImkQt2Clk/iZV9GA==, figureFileBig=xsINpZTfEghG11pX7Ga2lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030822428221915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=CN, label=图3, caption=流动相为5 mmol/L醋酸铵-乙腈下PCP 4对离子对的的MRM图

注: A. 空白大闸蟹; B. 定量限大闸蟹, 图4同。

, figureFileSmall=AdGBpOImkQt2Clk/iZV9GA==, figureFileBig=xsINpZTfEghG11pX7Ga2lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030822507913695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=MRM diagrams of 4 ion pairs of PCP in a mobile phase of 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate (0.1% formic acid)-acetonitrile, figureFileSmall=QCD3H5aLmKWT+EYFOEL/pQ==, figureFileBig=/AhPTo97AlbAvvBuFyLAnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030822604382689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=CN, label=图4, caption=流动相为5 mmol/L乙酸铵(0.1%甲酸)-乙腈下PCP 4对离子对的的MRM图, figureFileSmall=QCD3H5aLmKWT+EYFOEL/pQ==, figureFileBig=/AhPTo97AlbAvvBuFyLAnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030822658908643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Recovery rates of PCP prepared with different solvents under different filter membranes, figureFileSmall=f1OEikJFMMvjbC+06H8xDg==, figureFileBig=hORFak7SXVc5QZmNBu8gJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030822721823205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同溶剂配制的PCP在不同滤膜下的回收率

注: E1. 4%甲酸甲醇; E2. 4%甲酸甲醇:水=1:1; E3. 甲醇:水=1:1; E4. 甲醇; F1. 疏水性PTFE膜; F2. 有机相尼龙膜; F3. 亲水性PTFE膜; F4. MCM膜; F5. 水相膜(聚醚砜)。

, figureFileSmall=f1OEikJFMMvjbC+06H8xDg==, figureFileBig=hORFak7SXVc5QZmNBu8gJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030822780543463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Comparison of ME of different matrices, figureFileSmall=lu1reS1SZCMS80DWGZ/XXw==, figureFileBig=MRmASatj7ZgGLe85WtPhTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030822835069416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同基质的ME比较, figureFileSmall=lu1reS1SZCMS80DWGZ/XXw==, figureFileBig=MRmASatj7ZgGLe85WtPhTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030822889595369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Conditions of gradient elution

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min A/% B/%
0.00 80 20
1.00 80 20
3.00 30 70
5.00 30 70
5.10 0 100
7.00 0 100
7.10 80 20
9.00 80 20
), ArticleFig(id=1167030822948315626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

梯度洗脱条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min A/% B/%
0.00 80 20
1.00 80 20
3.00 30 70
5.00 30 70
5.10 0 100
7.00 0 100
7.10 80 20
9.00 80 20
), ArticleFig(id=1167030823002841579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Monitor ion pair, dwell time, fragmentor voltage and collision energy of PCP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 检测离子对
(m/z)
去簇电压
/V
驻留时间
/ms
碰撞能量
/eV
五氯酚酸 262.8*>262.8 -90 120 -10
264.8>264.8 -90 120 -10
266.8>266.8 -90 120 -10
268.8>268.8 -90 120 -10
), ArticleFig(id=1167030823057367532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

PCP的监测离子对、驻留时间、碎裂电压和碰撞能量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 检测离子对
(m/z)
去簇电压
/V
驻留时间
/ms
碰撞能量
/eV
五氯酚酸 262.8*>262.8 -90 120 -10
264.8>264.8 -90 120 -10
266.8>266.8 -90 120 -10
268.8>268.8 -90 120 -10
), ArticleFig(id=1167030823120282093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different proportions of acetonitrile water on the extraction efficiency of pork, pure milk, yogurt and eggs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基质 项目 乙腈水
(70:30, V:V)
乙腈水
(80:20, V:V)
乙腈水
(90:10, V:V)
乙腈
(100%)
猪肉 回收率/% 85.8 93.8 92.1 90.1
精密度/% 4.32 8.41 6.84 7.91
澄清度 澄清 澄清 澄清 澄清
分散程度 分散好 分散好 分散较差 分散不好
纯牛奶 回收率/% - 78.0 96.6 87.0
精密度/% - 4.23 2.03 3.12
澄清度 特浑浊 浑浊 澄清 澄清
分散程度 分散好 分散好 分散好 分散好
酸奶
(安慕希)
回收率/% - 97.0 99.0 89.0
精密度/% - 3.21 4.15 10.00
澄清度 特浑浊 澄清 澄清 澄清
分散程度 分散好 分散好 分散好 分散不好
鸡蛋 回收率/% 88.1 77.8 86.4 88.5
精密度/% 20.40 6.41 1.96 7.70
澄清度 特浑浊 浑浊 澄清 澄清
分散程度 分散好 分散好 分散好 分散不好
), ArticleFig(id=1167030823195779566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同比例的乙腈水对猪肉、纯牛奶、酸奶和鸡蛋的提取效率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基质 项目 乙腈水
(70:30, V:V)
乙腈水
(80:20, V:V)
乙腈水
(90:10, V:V)
乙腈
(100%)
猪肉 回收率/% 85.8 93.8 92.1 90.1
精密度/% 4.32 8.41 6.84 7.91
澄清度 澄清 澄清 澄清 澄清
分散程度 分散好 分散好 分散较差 分散不好
纯牛奶 回收率/% - 78.0 96.6 87.0
精密度/% - 4.23 2.03 3.12
澄清度 特浑浊 浑浊 澄清 澄清
分散程度 分散好 分散好 分散好 分散好
酸奶
(安慕希)
回收率/% - 97.0 99.0 89.0
精密度/% - 3.21 4.15 10.00
澄清度 特浑浊 澄清 澄清 澄清
分散程度 分散好 分散好 分散好 分散不好
鸡蛋 回收率/% 88.1 77.8 86.4 88.5
精密度/% 20.40 6.41 1.96 7.70
澄清度 特浑浊 浑浊 澄清 澄清
分散程度 分散好 分散好 分散好 分散不好
), ArticleFig(id=1167030823258694130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Recovery rates, precisions and required times under different nitrogen blowing levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氮吹程度 平均回收率/% 精密度/% 时间/min
氮吹至1 mL 106 7 20
吹至近干 75 21 40
吹干 15 47 60
), ArticleFig(id=1167030823313220086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同氮吹程度下的回收率、精密度和所需时间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氮吹程度 平均回收率/% 精密度/% 时间/min
氮吹至1 mL 106 7 20
吹至近干 75 21 40
吹干 15 47 60
), ArticleFig(id=1167030823367746042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Linear range, regression equation and correlation coefficient of PCP in different matrices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 基质名称 线性范围/(ng/mL) 线性方程 相关系数(r2)
1 猪肉 0.2~8.0 Y=270621X+31726.4 0.99794
2 牛肉 0.2~8.0 Y=178866X-282.70760 0.99907
3 羊肉 0.2~8.0 Y=200958X+7293.76272 0.99986
4 鸡肉 0.2~8.0 Y=211033X+19828.18163 0.99971
5 猪肝 0.2~8.0 Y=298040X+134788 0.99973
6 牛肝 0.2~8.0 Y=250636X+14407.63892 0.99993
7 羊肝 0.2~8.0 Y=330565X+6558.54703 0.99942
8 鸡肝 0.2~8.0 Y=215598X+4596.12794 0.99988
9 猪肾 0.2~8.0 Y=308497X+6646.13658 0.99935
10 牛肾 0.2~8.0 Y=284842X-564.12599 0.99963
11 羊肾 0.2~8.0 Y=317931X+665.36063 0.99978
12 鸡肾 0.2~8.0 Y=213773X+12794.86965 0.99974
13 带鱼 0.2~8.0 Y=217718X-1125.63346 0.99939
14 罗非鱼 0.2~8.0 Y=243053X-5186.81175 0.99930
15 青虾 0.2~8.0 Y=126862X+3287.03213 0.99962
16 对虾 0.2~8.0 Y=169964X+1714.15139 0.99971
17 花蛤 0.2~8.0 Y=273874X+8751.63015 0.99954
18 海螺 0.2~8.0 Y=198277X-2372.63345 0.99986
19 大闸蟹 0.2~8.0 Y=171307X+303.23938 0.99988
20 梭子蟹 0.2~8.0 Y=231097X-2424.32477 0.99955
21 鸡蛋 0.2~8.0 Y=199407X-3720.95208 0.99992
22 鸭蛋 0.2~8.0 Y=192858X+5449.13456 0.99874
23 鹅蛋 0.2~8.0 Y=206503X+5965.07988 0.99876
24 鹌鹑蛋 0.2~8.0 Y=208906X-5448.35111 0.99938
25 奶粉 0.2~8.0 Y=155478X+3351.74445 0.99982
26 调制乳 0.2~8.0 Y=160959X+4836.03141 0.99904
27 灭菌乳 0.2~8.0 Y=259881X+2992.34972 0.99812
28 发酵乳 0.2~8.0 Y=267967X+2632.18509 0.99970
), ArticleFig(id=1167030823485186556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同基质中PCP的线性范围、回归方程和相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 基质名称 线性范围/(ng/mL) 线性方程 相关系数(r2)
1 猪肉 0.2~8.0 Y=270621X+31726.4 0.99794
2 牛肉 0.2~8.0 Y=178866X-282.70760 0.99907
3 羊肉 0.2~8.0 Y=200958X+7293.76272 0.99986
4 鸡肉 0.2~8.0 Y=211033X+19828.18163 0.99971
5 猪肝 0.2~8.0 Y=298040X+134788 0.99973
6 牛肝 0.2~8.0 Y=250636X+14407.63892 0.99993
7 羊肝 0.2~8.0 Y=330565X+6558.54703 0.99942
8 鸡肝 0.2~8.0 Y=215598X+4596.12794 0.99988
9 猪肾 0.2~8.0 Y=308497X+6646.13658 0.99935
10 牛肾 0.2~8.0 Y=284842X-564.12599 0.99963
11 羊肾 0.2~8.0 Y=317931X+665.36063 0.99978
12 鸡肾 0.2~8.0 Y=213773X+12794.86965 0.99974
13 带鱼 0.2~8.0 Y=217718X-1125.63346 0.99939
14 罗非鱼 0.2~8.0 Y=243053X-5186.81175 0.99930
15 青虾 0.2~8.0 Y=126862X+3287.03213 0.99962
16 对虾 0.2~8.0 Y=169964X+1714.15139 0.99971
17 花蛤 0.2~8.0 Y=273874X+8751.63015 0.99954
18 海螺 0.2~8.0 Y=198277X-2372.63345 0.99986
19 大闸蟹 0.2~8.0 Y=171307X+303.23938 0.99988
20 梭子蟹 0.2~8.0 Y=231097X-2424.32477 0.99955
21 鸡蛋 0.2~8.0 Y=199407X-3720.95208 0.99992
22 鸭蛋 0.2~8.0 Y=192858X+5449.13456 0.99874
23 鹅蛋 0.2~8.0 Y=206503X+5965.07988 0.99876
24 鹌鹑蛋 0.2~8.0 Y=208906X-5448.35111 0.99938
25 奶粉 0.2~8.0 Y=155478X+3351.74445 0.99982
26 调制乳 0.2~8.0 Y=160959X+4836.03141 0.99904
27 灭菌乳 0.2~8.0 Y=259881X+2992.34972 0.99812
28 发酵乳 0.2~8.0 Y=267967X+2632.18509 0.99970
), ArticleFig(id=1167030823560684030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Summary table of spiked recovery rates and precision results of target substances at different levels in different matrices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 基质类型 平均回收率/% 批内RSDs/% 批间RSDs/%
1 猪肉 74.5~115.6 2.9~8.6 5.2~7.0
2 牛肉 81.3~104.3 1.3~8.1 3.2~7.5
3 羊肉 76.3~97.8 1.6~4.3 2.5~3.6
4 鸡肉 78.8~105.0 1.5~9.5 3.1~6.4
5 猪肝 64.5~102.0 1.5~8.9 11.7~13.1
6 牛肝 74.4~112.2 3.6~11.4 5.2~10.6
7 羊肝 81.3~94.0 1.6~3.8 2.0~3.5
8 鸡肝 81.4~100.1 1.6~8.6 2.6~4.7
9 猪肾 67.5~94.3 0.9~10.7 4.0~6.0
10 牛肾 76.9~88.6 0.4~4.5 3.1~4.7
11 羊肾 85.9~112.5 0.7~4.7 1.4~8.3
12 鸡肾 79.0~97.0 2.2~7.3 4.6~7.2
13 带鱼 80.3~110.2 4.3~6.7 5.0~6.5
14 罗非鱼 69.0~114.0 6.2~13.1 8.4~10.1
15 青虾 77.6~111.0 4.0~11.0 4.9~8.9
16 对虾 83.1~116.6 1.4~6.7 5.0~7.7
17 大闸蟹 92.5~113.8 1.8~3.3 2.1~2.9
18 梭子蟹 78.0~101.5 1.3~8.9 3.9~8.0
19 花蛤 77.6~103.5 2.8~7.6 4.3~7.3
20 海螺 72.8~119.0 1.3~7.0 2.2~6.8
21 鸡蛋 74.8~99.0 1.3~6.1 2.1~4.3
22 鸭蛋 73.1~98.0 1.4~6.6 2.4~4.5
23 鹌鹑蛋 73.0~98.8 1.3~6.2 2.1~4.5
24 鹅蛋 72.8~98.0 1.3~6.2 2.1~4.6
25 奶粉 75.9~106.0 2.7~8.5 4.2~8.3
26 调制乳 74.4~100.8 2.7~8.4 3.8~7.0
27 灭菌乳 86.8~115.3 0.4~9.5 1.4~7.9
28 发酵乳 86.8~115.3 0.8~6.2 1.3~5.3
), ArticleFig(id=1167030823631987201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同基质中目标物的各水平加标回收率与精密结果汇总表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 基质类型 平均回收率/% 批内RSDs/% 批间RSDs/%
1 猪肉 74.5~115.6 2.9~8.6 5.2~7.0
2 牛肉 81.3~104.3 1.3~8.1 3.2~7.5
3 羊肉 76.3~97.8 1.6~4.3 2.5~3.6
4 鸡肉 78.8~105.0 1.5~9.5 3.1~6.4
5 猪肝 64.5~102.0 1.5~8.9 11.7~13.1
6 牛肝 74.4~112.2 3.6~11.4 5.2~10.6
7 羊肝 81.3~94.0 1.6~3.8 2.0~3.5
8 鸡肝 81.4~100.1 1.6~8.6 2.6~4.7
9 猪肾 67.5~94.3 0.9~10.7 4.0~6.0
10 牛肾 76.9~88.6 0.4~4.5 3.1~4.7
11 羊肾 85.9~112.5 0.7~4.7 1.4~8.3
12 鸡肾 79.0~97.0 2.2~7.3 4.6~7.2
13 带鱼 80.3~110.2 4.3~6.7 5.0~6.5
14 罗非鱼 69.0~114.0 6.2~13.1 8.4~10.1
15 青虾 77.6~111.0 4.0~11.0 4.9~8.9
16 对虾 83.1~116.6 1.4~6.7 5.0~7.7
17 大闸蟹 92.5~113.8 1.8~3.3 2.1~2.9
18 梭子蟹 78.0~101.5 1.3~8.9 3.9~8.0
19 花蛤 77.6~103.5 2.8~7.6 4.3~7.3
20 海螺 72.8~119.0 1.3~7.0 2.2~6.8
21 鸡蛋 74.8~99.0 1.3~6.1 2.1~4.3
22 鸭蛋 73.1~98.0 1.4~6.6 2.4~4.5
23 鹌鹑蛋 73.0~98.8 1.3~6.2 2.1~4.5
24 鹅蛋 72.8~98.0 1.3~6.2 2.1~4.6
25 奶粉 75.9~106.0 2.7~8.5 4.2~8.3
26 调制乳 74.4~100.8 2.7~8.4 3.8~7.0
27 灭菌乳 86.8~115.3 0.4~9.5 1.4~7.9
28 发酵乳 86.8~115.3 0.8~6.2 1.3~5.3
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超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物源性食品中五氯酚残留
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于文江 1, 2, 3 , 郑红 1, 2, 3 , 王骏 1, 2, 3 , 宿书芳 1, 2, 3 , 薛霞 1, 2, 3 , 尹丽丽 1, 2, 3, * , 刘艳明 1, 2, 3, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025,16(11): 168-178
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食品安全质量检测学报 |本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025 , 16 (11) : 168 -178
超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物源性食品中五氯酚残留
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3. 产业技术基础公共服务平台, 济南 250100, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167030819253133660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030819261522269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, companyId=1167030819253133660, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Ji’nan 250100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030819265716574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, companyId=1167030819253133660, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 山东省食品药品检验研究院, 济南 250100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167030819332825441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030819337019746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, companyId=1167030819332825441, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products, State Administration for Market Regulation, Ji’nan 250100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030819345408355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, companyId=1167030819332825441, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(肉及肉制品监管技术), 济南 250100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167030819404128614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030819412517223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, companyId=1167030819404128614, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Ji’nan 250100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030819416711528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437192007610995, companyId=1167030819404128614, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 产业技术基础公共服务平台, 济南 250100)])])]
于文江1, 2, 3 , 郑红1, 2, 3, 王骏1, 2, 3, 宿书芳1, 2, 3, 薛霞1, 2, 3, 尹丽丽1, 2, 3, * , 刘艳明1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1. 山东省食品药品检验研究院, 济南 250100
  • 2. 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(肉及肉制品监管技术), 济南 250100
  • 3. 产业技术基础公共服务平台, 济南 250100
通讯作者:
* 尹丽丽(1987—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全分析及风险预警。E-mail:
刘艳明(1981—), 女, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全分析及风险预警。E-mail:
Determination of pentachlorophenol residues in animal derived food by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Wen-Jiang YU1, 2, 3 , Hong ZHENG1, 2, 3, Jun WANG1, 2, 3, Shu-Fang SU1, 2, 3, Xia XUE1, 2, 3, Li-Li YIN1, 2, 3, * , Yan-Ming LIU1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Ji’nan 250100, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products, State Administration for Market Regulation, Ji’nan 250100, China
  • 3. Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Ji’nan 250100, China
出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250122004
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目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测各类动物源性食品中五氯酚残留的方法。方法 采用三乙胺-乙腈水提取、混合阴离子交换柱净化, 经超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测。研究提取、净化、氮吹、过滤、色谱-质谱分离分析及定性定量等关键控制点, 通过优化提取溶剂的比例、去除氮吹浓缩过程, 最终建立适用于肌肉(猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉)、肝脏(猪肝、牛肝、羊肝、鸡肝)、肾脏(猪肾、牛肾、羊肾、鸡肾)、鱼、虾、蟹、贝类、禽蛋(鸡蛋、鸭蛋、鹅蛋、鹌鹑蛋)、牛奶及奶粉中五氯酚残留量的测定方法。结果 五氯酚在0.2~8.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r2>0.99), 检出限(S/N≥3)为0.3 µg/kg, 定量限(limits of quantification, LOQ) (S/N≥10)为1.0 µg/kg。不同基质在LOQ、2LOQ和10LOQ加标水平的回收率均在64.5%~119.0%, 批内、批间相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)均小于15%。结论 方法操作简单、准确度高、适用性好, 可满足不同动物性食品中五氯酚残留量的检测。

五氯酚  /  混合型强阴离子交换固相萃取柱  /  超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法  /  动物源性食品

Objective To establish a method for the determination of pentachlorophenol residues in various animal derived foods by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods Triethylamine acetonitrile water extraction and mixed anion exchange column purification were used, and detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer. This article had discussed in detail the key control points such as extraction, purification, nitrogen blowing, filtration, chromatographic-mass spectrometric separation, analysis, and qualitative and quantitative determination. The improved method optimized the proportion of extraction solvents and removed the nitrogen blowing and concentration process. Eventually, a determination method applicable to the residual amounts of pentachlorophenolic acid in muscles (pork, beef, mutton, chicken), livers (pig liver, beef liver, sheep liver, chicken liver), kidneys (pig kidney, beef kidney, sheep kidney, chicken kidney), fish, shrimp, crabs, shellfish, poultry eggs (chicken eggs, duck eggs, goose eggs, quail eggs), milk and milk powder was established. Results The pentachlorophenol were linear in the range of 0.2-8.0 ng/mL with correlation coefficients (r2) higher than 0.99. The limits of detection (S/N≥3) were 0.3 µg/kg, and the limits of quantitation (S/N≥10) were 1.0 µg/kg. The recovery rates of different matrices at LOQ, 2LOQ and 10LOQ spiked levels were all between 64.5% and 119.0%, with intra and inter assay relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 15%. Conclusion The method is simple to operate, highly accurate, and has good applicability, which can meet the detection of pentachlorophenol residues in different animal derived foods.

pentachlorophenol  /  mixed anion exchange solid phase extraction column  /  ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  animal derived food
于文江, 郑红, 王骏, 宿书芳, 薛霞, 尹丽丽, 刘艳明. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物源性食品中五氯酚残留. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (11) : 168 -178 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250122004
Wen-Jiang YU, Hong ZHENG, Jun WANG, Shu-Fang SU, Xia XUE, Li-Li YIN, Yan-Ming LIU. Determination of pentachlorophenol residues in animal derived food by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (11) : 168 -178 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250122004
五氯酚(pentachlorophenol, PCP)是一种氯化苯酚有机物, 属于高毒性的有机氯农药, 具有广谱生物杀伤性, 曾被广泛用作杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂等。PCP具有高含氯量和芳香族环结构, 导致其化学性质稳定、亲脂性强, 且不易降解, 并可通过空气、水体、土壤等迁移至动物体内(畜禽、鱼、虾、蟹)及其副产品(蛋、奶)和加工产品中, 人体通过接触受污染的空气、水体以及食用受污染的食物导致摄入PCP。PCP可通过抑制代谢过程中的氧化磷酸化作用, 引起急性或慢性中毒, 干扰人体内分泌功能和生长发育, 甚至影响人体生殖遗传及致癌[1-3]。2017年10月27日, 世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构公布的致癌物清单初步整理参考, PCP被列为I类致癌物[4]。“中华人民共和国农业农村部公告第250号”规定, 所有动物源食品中禁止使用五氯酚及其钠盐(五氯酚酸钠)。据实验室数据及报道发现, 水产及肉类食品中PCP检出情况时有发生[5-8], 因此, 动物源性食品中五氯酚酸钠的残留检测已列为我国食品安全监督抽检重点项目。
目前PCP的检测方法主要有气相色谱法[9-13]、气相色谱-串联质谱法[14-19]、高效液相色谱法[20-23]、液相色谱-串联质谱法[24-29], 同位素稀释及高分辨质谱法[30-35], 主要研究集中在液相色谱-串联质谱法。现行GB 23200.92—2016《食品安全国家标准 动物源性食品中五氯酚残留量的测定 液相色谱-质谱法》采用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行检测, 该方法具有定性准确、灵敏度高等优点, 但是在实验过程中发现一些按标准要求无法满足或效果不理想的情况, 现做如下总结: (1)标准规定适用范围问题: 食品基质覆盖范围窄, 只包括猪肝、猪肾、猪肉、牛奶、鱼肉、虾、蟹7种基质, 其他食品只能参照执行, 基质不包含牛、羊、鸡、鸭等畜禽肉及其副产品、奶粉等乳制品, 也未涉及禽蛋类产品, 导致许多食品基质中PCP的检验无检验依据, 只能作为监测项目; (2)前处理条件适用性问题: 部分食品基质(鸡蛋等)上柱易堵塞, 氮吹浓缩难控制(氮吹浓缩至1 mL), 特别是当样品批量大时, 难以实现; (3)前处理方法准确性问题: 采用现行前处理条件测试牛肉、鸡肉、鸡蛋等多种样品, 回收率均低于50%, 且无法达到现行定量限; (4)仪器分离条件适用性问题: 采用标准规定流动相条件, 部分基质干扰较严重, 无法准确定性定量。
受农业农村部农产品质量安全监管司委托, 针对上述GB 23200.92—2016存在的问题进行了修订研究。本研究通过扩充方法的适用范围、优化标准的前处理方法和仪器分离分析技术, 建立了一套适用范围广、净化效果好、回收率佳、灵敏度高的动物性食品中PCP残留量的检测方法, 为检验检测机构及企业提供了完善且实用的检测方法, 为市场监管部门更精准地把控食品安全风险提供了依据。
实验用28种食品基质(均为市售)。
五氯酚酸钠(C6Cl5NaO, CAS号: 131-52-2)(纯度≥95%, 天津阿尔塔科技有限公司); 甲醇、乙腈(色谱纯, 美国Fisher公司); 三乙胺(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 甲酸、氨水、乙酸铵(色谱纯, 天津科密欧化学试剂有限公司)。
AB SCIEX LC-20A超高效液相色谱仪、AB SCIEX 6500串联四极杆质谱仪(美国AB SCIEX公司); AB204-S型电子天平(精度0.1 mg)、ME2002T型电子天平(精度10 mg)(瑞士Mettler Toledo公司); SB-800DTD型超声波清洗器(中国宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司); 3-18K型冷冻离心机(德国Sigma公司); Milli-Q超纯水制备器(美国MILLIPORE公司); MS3涡旋混合器(德国IKA公司); C18色谱柱(75 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 µm)、混合型强阴离子交换固相萃取柱(60 mg/3 mL)(美国Waters公司); 疏水性PTFE针式滤器、亲水性聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)针式滤器、有机相尼龙针式滤器、水相针式滤器(聚醚砜)(上海安谱实验科技有限公司); 混合纤维素针式滤器(mixed cellulose magnetic, MCM)(天津博纳艾杰尔科技有限公司)。
标准储备液: 称量五氯酚酸钠标准品适量(相当于有效成分10 mg), 精密称定, 用甲醇溶解并定容至10 mL棕色容量瓶中, 混匀, 配成质量浓度为1 mg/mL标准储备液, -18 ℃保存, 有效期12个月。
标准中间液: 准确量取0.1 mL标准储备液于10 mL容量瓶中, 用甲醇定容至刻度, 混匀, 配制成质量浓度为10 µg/mL的标准中间溶液, -18 ℃保存, 有效期6个月。
标准工作液: 准确量取1 mL标准中间液于100 mL容量瓶中, 用甲醇定容至刻度, 混匀, 配制成质量浓度为0.1 µg/mL的标准工作溶液, 现用现配。
基质匹配空白溶液: 称取空白试样, 按与试样相同的处理方法, 制备基质匹配空白溶液。
基质匹配标准工作溶液: 分别移取适量标准工作液, 用基质匹配空白溶液稀释成质量浓度为0.2、0.4、0.8、2.0、4.0、8.0 ng/mL的系列基质匹配标准工作液, 微孔滤膜过滤后, 供超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定。以峰面积为纵坐标(Y), 基质匹配标准工作溶液质量浓度为横坐标(X, ng/mL), 绘制基质匹配标准曲线, 得到回归方程和相关系数。
(1)肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、鱼、虾、蟹、贝类
提取: 称取试料2 g(准确至0.01 g), 置于50 mL离心管中, 加入一颗磁质子, 然后加入6 mL 5%三乙胺的乙腈水溶液(80:20, V:V), 涡旋混匀1 min, 超声提取15 min, 8000 r/min离心3 min, 收集上清液于另一15 mL离心管中。离心后的残渣用上述提取液重复提取一次, 合并上清液, 混匀后, 以10000 r/min离心3 min, 待净化。
净化: 依次用3 mL甲醇、3 mL水活化混合阴离子交换柱。将上述待净化溶液以不高于1 mL/min的流速全部通过固相萃取柱, 弃去流出液, 依次用3 mL 5%氨水溶液、3 mL甲醇、3 mL 2%甲酸甲醇水(1:1, V:V)溶液淋洗, 弃去流出液, 抽干。以4 mL 4%甲酸甲醇溶液洗脱至具塞刻度管中, 用4%甲酸甲醇溶液定容至5 mL, 涡旋混匀, 0.22 µm PTFE微孔滤膜过滤, 供液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定。
(2)奶粉、牛奶和禽蛋
将奶粉与水以1:8(质量比)混合均匀后, 按牛奶处理。称取牛奶或禽蛋试料2 g(准确至0.01 g), 置于50 mL离心管中, 加入一颗磁质子(牛奶无需加磁质子), 然后加6 mL 5%三乙胺的乙腈水溶液(90:10, V:V), 涡旋混匀1 min, 超声提取15 min, 10000 r/min离心3 min, 收集上清液于另一15 mL离心管中。离心后的残渣用6 mL上述提取液重复提取一次, 合并上清液, 混匀后, 以10000 r/min离心3 min。待净化, 净化过程同1.3.2(1)。
(1)液相色谱条件
色谱柱: C18色谱柱(75 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 µm), 或性能相当者; 流动相: A为含0.1%甲酸的5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液, B为乙腈, 梯度洗脱条件见表1; 流速: 0.3 mL/min; 柱温: 40 ℃; 进样量: 5 μL。
(2)质谱条件
离子源: 电喷雾离子源(electric spray ion source, ESI); 检测方式: 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM); 扫描方式: 负离子扫描; 电喷雾电压: 4500 V; 雾化气压力: 55 psi; 气帘气压力: 40 psi; 辅助气压力: 55 psi; 碰撞气压力: 8 psi; 离子源温度: 550 ℃; 两个四极杆均采用单位质量分辨。
实验重复5次测定, 数据采用仪器配套的分析软件对目标物进行定性、定量分析和线性方程的计算, 采用内标法定量。回收率和平行测试5次的相对标准偏差的计算均使用金山WPS表格(2019版)进行数据整理及分析, 并分别使用WPS文字和WPS表格进行表格和图表的绘制。
考虑响应丰度和抗干扰能力, 及满足4个识别点的确证要求, 选择35Cl和37Cl两种同位素组成一系列m/z质谱峰, 即: m/z 262.6、264.6、266.6、268.6作为定性定量离子对, 见图1A。PCP含有酚羟基, 需采用负离子模式扫描(ESI-), 一级质谱扫描发现m/z 262.8、264.8、266.8、268.8天然同位素离子丰度较高, 见图1B。因其结构稳定, 二级质谱高能量打碎只产生35Cl和37Cl两种同位素碎片, 但与母离子丰度相比较低, 见图2。因m/z 262.8响应较高且无干扰, 选择定量离子。在MRM模式下优化去簇电压、碰撞能量、碰撞室出口电压, 然后联机超高效液相色谱仪, 在流动注射分析下优化碰撞气压力、雾化气压力、辅助气压力、气帘气压力、喷雾电压、离子源温度等质谱参数。优化后的质谱参数见表2
甲醇易在梯度变化时导致基线波动较大, 本研究选择用乙腈代替甲醇, 首先以5 mmol/L醋酸铵-乙腈为流动相测试不同基质的适应性, 发现大闸蟹试样在m/z 264.8离子的色谱图中目标物附近有较大的干扰峰, 若柱效稍有下降, 会严重影响定量结果; m/z 268.8离子的色谱图中目标物与干扰峰完全重合, 见图3。改变梯度条件和色谱柱长度均未能使干扰峰与目标物完全分离。为改善分离效果, 以5 mmol/L乙酸铵(0.1%甲酸)-乙腈为流动相进行实验, 加入甲酸后PCP保留特性增强, 通过优化梯度条件后分离效果明显改善, 见图4。故最终选择5 mmol/L乙酸铵(0.1%甲酸)-乙腈作为最终的流动相, 优化的流动相条件如表1所示。
PCP属于酸性化合物, 其pKa约为5, 在pH高于pKa至少两个单位的溶液下(碱性条件下)呈离子态, 更易溶于水。在pH低于pKa至少两个单位的溶液下(酸性条件下)呈分子状态, 更易溶于有机溶剂。查阅相关文献[18]发现, PCP在碱性条件下提取效率高于酸性条件下提取效率, 又因动物性食品富含脂肪、蛋白质等物质, 乙腈沉淀蛋白的效果优于甲醇等溶剂, 故本研究以GB 23200.29—2016中采用的5%的三乙胺乙腈水溶液(70:30, V:V)为基础, 设计提取优化方案。
(1)乙腈水比例的优化
由于动物性食品含水量的区别, 针对猪肉、纯牛奶、酸奶和鸡蛋4种基质, 本研究在5%三乙胺浓度比例不变的情况下, 以不同比例的乙腈水为研究对象, 考察不同动物性食品基质的提取回收率和精密度的同时, 还增加了对浑浊程度和基质分散程度的考察, 以提高净化步骤的操作效率和回收率, 考察结果见表3。当以乙腈水(70:30, V:V)为提取溶剂时, 因纯牛奶和鸡蛋本身含水量较大, 浑浊程度较高, 导致堵塞固相萃取柱; 当乙腈含量达到80%时, 因酸奶较黏稠变得澄清, 但纯牛奶和鸡蛋仍然较浑浊, 采用Waters品牌的强阴离子交换柱(MAX)时, 上样速度较慢, 影响实验效率; 当乙腈含量达到90%时, 纯牛奶、酸奶和鸡蛋不仅回收率和精密度较好, 澄清度和分散程度也达到最佳, 但此时对于猪肉基质, 分散程度较差。综合考虑, 纯牛奶和鸡蛋样品采用5%三乙胺的乙腈水(90:10, V:V)作为提取剂, 其他动物性食品采用5%三乙胺的乙腈水(80:20, V:V)作为提取剂。
(2)奶粉提取条件的优化
针对奶粉基质, 当称取2 g试样时, 尝试采用不同比例的6 mL的乙腈水(70:30、80:20、90:10, V:V)提取, 由于提取溶剂的含水量无法使奶粉分散好, 均有结块现象, 故尝试将奶粉与水按照1:8的质量比溶解后, 再采用牛奶的提取方式进行操作, 效果良好。
依据PCP在碱性条件下成离子状态, 在键合季铵基的强阴离子交换柱上能够有效保留, 与PRIME HLB和QuECHERS净化方式相比, 特异性更强, 更适合复杂的动物性食品基质。
(1)上样溶液pH的考察
因强阴离子交换柱的原理要求上样溶液需为离子状态, 目标物才能被小柱吸附, 依据PCP的pKa约为5, 在pH高于pKa至少两个单位的溶液下呈离子态, 故pH至少为7, 以发酵乳为研究对象, 测定加入提取剂前后pH由4.4提升到10以上, 满足pH>PKa+2的要求, 上样过程不需要重复调节pH。
(2)洗脱条件的优化
依据PCP的pKa接近5, 需满足pH<PKa-2的要求, 即pH至少为3, 才可将目标物从小柱上洗脱下来。本研究采用4 mL不同酸度的甲酸甲醇(0.1%甲酸甲醇、1%甲酸甲醇、2%甲酸甲醇、4%甲酸甲醇、8%甲酸甲醇、10%甲酸甲醇)进行洗脱实验(洗脱后直接上机测定), 发现当甲酸含量在1%以上时, 回收率都在90%以上, 经测定1%甲酸甲醇的pH约2.3, 即满足要求。由于甲酸溶液易挥发, 为保证洗脱效率, 最终采用4%甲酸甲醇作为洗脱液, 且现用现配。
本研究以4 mL的4%甲酸甲醇溶液为待氮吹溶液和定容溶液, 在氮吹前后的溶液中等量加入PCP标准物质, 控制温度40 ℃, 考察不同程度氮吹下的浓缩回收率, 此过程不经滤膜过滤, 结果见表4。发现氮吹干时, 损失严重, 回收率在20%以下, 且精密度差(47%); 氮吹至近干时, 平均回收率在70%以上, 但发现精密度仍较差; 氮吹至约1 mL耗时长且难控制。故本研究最终省略氮吹富集过程(灵敏度可达标)。
由于高速离心仅能去除大部分固体颗粒, 胶体状的杂质难以去除, 又因超高效液相色谱柱填料孔径较小, 细小颗粒物容易造成色谱柱堵塞, 故过滤尤其重要。但需考察滤膜对目标化合物有无吸附作用。
本研究选取4种稀释溶剂和5种常见材质的滤膜, 根据过滤前后PCP的峰面积比值, 计算其损失情况, 结果见图5。当稀释溶剂中含有水(4%甲酸甲醇/水或甲醇/水)时, 疏水性PTFE膜阻力较大, 这是因为疏水膜在与水接触时, 表面张力起作用, 将水从空隙中祛除。有机相尼龙滤膜对目标物有严重吸附, 回收率不到20%, 聚醚砜膜对目标物也有吸附(50%和77%)。只有亲水性PTFE和MCM膜可行, 回收率接近100%。当稀释溶剂为纯有机溶剂(4%甲酸甲醇和甲醇)时, 5种材质的滤膜回收率都较好, 但MCM膜被穿透, 失去过滤作用。总述, 亲水性PTFE、MCM和聚醚砜针式滤器的回收率在考察的4种溶剂下PCP的回收率都很好, 适用性更强。本研究最终采用4%甲酸甲醇为上机溶液, 故可选择亲水性PTFE滤膜、MCM和聚醚砜膜。
基质效应(matrix effect, ME)来源于基质中不易挥发的共洗脱成分与目标分析物在喷雾液滴转移到气态离子过程发生竞争, ME表现为离子抑制或离子增强, 大大影响了检测结果的准确性。它是质谱分析中影响分析方法灵敏度和准确度等的关键因素。
本研究采用相对响应值法研究不同动物性食品对PCP的ME, 根据公式ME=Am/As进行量化评估, 其中Am表示基质标准溶液中目标物的峰面积, As表示同浓度溶剂标物的峰面积。当ME<100%时, 为基质抑制效应; 当ME>100%时, 为基质增强效应。当80%≤ME≤120%为弱ME, 无需采取补偿措施。以阴性肌肉、肝、肾、蛋、奶、鱼、虾、蟹、贝类等28种基质作为代表, 按优化后的样品处理方法, 制备基质空白溶液, 并用其稀释标准工作溶液, 配制得到质量浓度为4 ng/mL基质标准溶液, 结果见图6
图6可以看出, 在选取的28种基质中, 经前处理净化后, PCP在大部分基质中的ME在80%~120%之间, 但在猪、牛、羊、鸡的肝脏、肾脏中仍呈较强的基质增强作用。肝脏、肾脏中富含的磷脂、代谢产物、生物活性物质等是产生基质增强的重要因素。由于不同品牌仪器的离子源结构不同, 导致ME会有差异, 为保证定量结果的准确性, 仍需对PCP在所有基质中的ME进行校正。
为弥补ME和避免烦琐的基质标准曲线配制过程, 首先尝试采用内标定量方式, 目前商品化的PCP内标只有13C6-PCP, 通过母离子扫描发现目标物和内标共有m/z 268.8, 见图1, 故若采用内标定量方式, 需重新选择MRM离子对, 但因35Cl和37Cl两种同位素碎片的响应值比其母离子低10倍, 若选择这两个碎片, 需将洗脱液浓缩, 增加其响应值。同时发现某些品牌仪器响应值欠佳, 导致结果波动较大, 因此最终仍选择基质匹配标准曲线来补偿ME。
将基质混合标准溶液依次注入液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定, 获得标准溶液的质量色谱图。以定量离子对的色谱峰面积为纵坐标(Y), 以标准工作溶液的质量浓度为横坐标(X, ng/mL), 绘制标准曲线, 得到线性回归方程, 不同基质中PCP的基质标准曲线及线性范围见表5。在0.2~0.8 ng/mL范围内, 各基质的PCP基质标准曲线灵敏度较高、线性良好, 相关系数均大于0.99。
采用空白样品加标, 以3倍信噪比确定方法的检出限(limits of detection, LOD), 以能准确定量的浓度最低点确定为方法的定量限(limits of quantitation, LOQ), 由于各基质计算LOD及LOQ稍有差异且差别不大, 在满足各基质的情况下统一LOD及LOQ, 最终确定PCP在各基质中的LOD为0.3 µg/kg, LOQ为1.0 µg/kg。
分别向肌肉(猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉)、肝脏(猪肝、牛肝、羊肝、鸡肝)、肾脏(猪肾、牛肾、羊肾、鸡肾)、鱼(带鱼和罗非鱼)、虾(青虾和对虾)、蟹(大闸蟹和梭子蟹)、贝类(花蛤和海螺)、蛋(鸡蛋、鸭蛋、鹅蛋、鹌鹑蛋)、乳制品(灭菌乳、发酵乳、调制乳)和奶粉共28个基质的空白样品中分别进行低、中、高3水平的加标。根据GB 27404—2008《实验室质量控制规范 食品理化检测》对于禁用的化合物需进行3个添加水平的测定, 分别为LOQ、2LOQ和10LOQ。每种加标样品平行测定5份, 每个加标水平重复3次, 分别考察5个平行样品的批内相对标准偏差和批间相对标准偏差。28种基质中目标物的回收率和精密结果汇总情况见表6。由表6可以看出, 不同基质在LOQ、2LOQ和10LOQ加标水平均回收率均在64.5%~119.0%, 批内、批间RSDs均小于15%, 可以满足实验室检验检测的需求。由于各动物源性食品基质复杂且加标水平多样, 造成基质平均回收率及精密度略有差异。
为验证方法准确性, 实验室购买了由中国检验检疫科学院制作的猪肉冻干粉质控样品(货号: QC-RG-702)。五氯酚酸钠在猪肉冻干粉中的理论值为18.28 µg/kg, 按照1:3的比例复原后, 折算为鲜猪肉中PCP的理论含量为4.20 µg/kg, 采用本方法实际测定值为4.41 µg/kg, RSD为5%。结果表明, 按本方法得出的检测结果与理论设计值吻合。
采用本方法对猪、牛、羊、鸡的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏及鱼、虾、蟹、贝类、牛奶和奶粉等400批次样品进行测定(每种基质5批次)样品进行了分析, 结果发现: 有1批羊肉样品中检出PCP, 检出值分别为7.8 μg/kg; 1批猪肝样品检出PCP, 检出值为2.5 μg/kg; 1批猪肉样品检出PCP, 检出值为6.0 μg/kg; 1批次鸡肉检出PCP, 检出值为2.8 μg/kg; 4批次乌鸡检出PCP, 检出值分别为8.4、4.5、27.0、43.0 μg/kg。由于PCP具有蓄积作用, 上述基质中检出PCP, 主要来源可能为接触了受污染的水源、土壤、食用受污染的植物以及人为的违法使用。
本研究对GB 23200.92—2016进行修订研究, 将动物性食品基质扩大到28种, 解决了基质覆盖低的问题; 针对不同食品基质的特性, 优化提取剂比例, 无需氮吹, 直接定容, 操作简单、回收率高, 精密度好, 解决难操作、回收率低的问题; 修改了仪器条件和参数, 解决部分基质干扰严重的问题。综上, 修订后的方法检测效率高、适用性强、准确度高, 为检验检测机构及企业提供了完善且实用的检测方法, 便于批量样品的快速、准确检测, 为市场监管部门更精准地把控食品安全风险提供了技术支撑。
  • 肉及肉制品中消毒剂及消毒副产物的残留检测关键技术研究项目(SDNMPAFZLS202502)
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2025年第16卷第11期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250122004
  • 接收时间:2025-01-22
  • 首发时间:2025-07-14
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-22
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肉及肉制品中消毒剂及消毒副产物的残留检测关键技术研究项目(SDNMPAFZLS202502)
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    1. 山东省食品药品检验研究院, 济南 250100
    2. 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(肉及肉制品监管技术), 济南 250100
    3. 产业技术基础公共服务平台, 济南 250100

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* 尹丽丽(1987—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全分析及风险预警。E-mail:
刘艳明(1981—), 女, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全分析及风险预警。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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