Article(id=1151437190027424026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250101001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735660800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752453618771, onlineDateStr=2025-07-14, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752453618771, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752453618771, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752453618771, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151437189243089177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752453618584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767768054466, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=162, endPage=167, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151895325343100934, articleId=1151437190027424026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of 6 kinds of carbamate pesticide residues in vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography and research on degradation rule, columnId=1151895322692776479, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Analysis and Monitoring of Toxic and Harmful Substances in Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the determination of 6 kinds of carbamate pesticide residues in vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and study the degradation rule of carbamate pesticides in vegetables. Methods The samples were extracted with acetonitrile to extract carbamate pesticides. The supernatant was purified by solid phase adsorbent, concentrated and dried, and then diluted with methanol. The quantitative analysis was carried out by HPLC-post column derivatization.Results Through optimization of the method, it was found that there was a good linear relationship between peak area and concentration of 6 kinds of carbamate pesticides in the mass concentration range of 0.10-2.00 μg/mL, with correlation coefficients not less than 0.9996. The limit of detection was 0.002-0.005 mg/kg, the average recovery rate was 86%-95%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 3.5%. At the same time, the residual status and degradation rule of amino esters in vegetables were obtained, and it was found that the order of pesticide residue content of methomyl was: Unwashed potato peel>washed potato peel>potato interior. Conclusion This method has high sensitivity, low limit of detection, good recovery rate and feasible operation, meeting the experimental requirements. The degradation rules of pesticide residues show significant differences, providing a theoretical basis for evaluating the safety of vegetables after the use of carbamate pesticides.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Long ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wei HAO, Zhen-Yu HUA, Fu-Lan WANG, Na JIANG, A-Bu-Du-La GULISITAN, Xiao-Long ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151895347795211038, articleId=1151437190027424026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中6种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留及降解规律的研究, columnId=1151895322898297380, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)测定蔬菜中6种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的分析方法, 并研究氨基甲酸酯类农药在蔬菜中的降解规律。方法 样品经乙腈打浆提取氨基甲酸酯类农药, 上清液经固相吸附剂净化, 浓缩干后用甲醇定容, 采用HPLC-柱后衍生法进行定量分析。结果 方法经优化发现6种氨基甲酸酯类农药在0.10~2.00 μg/mL质量浓度范围内峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系, 相关系数均不小于0.9996, 检出限为0.002~0.005 mg/kg, 平均回收率为86%~95%, 相对标准偏差均小于3.5%。同时得到氨基甲酸酯类在蔬菜中的残留状况与降解规律, 发现灭多威农药残留含量的大小顺序为: 无清洗过的土豆皮>清洗过的土豆皮>土豆内部。结论 本方法灵敏度高、检出限低、回收率好、操作可行, 满足实验要求。农药残留降解规律具有显著差异性, 为评价氨基甲酸酯类农药使用后的蔬菜的安全性提供理论依据。

, correspAuthors=周晓龙, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 周晓龙(1976—), 男, 硕士, 正高级实验师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:
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郝蔚(1989—), 女, 实验师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与检测。E-mail:

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Journal of Chromatography A, 2004, 1023(1): 93-104., articleTitle=A new multi-residue method for analysis of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1167030781428904035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, awardId=11NB1502037820251601, language=CN, fundingSource=2025年自治区农产品质量安全检验检测项目(11NB1502037820251601), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167030778039906342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030778048294951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, companyId=1167030778039906342, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agricultural Products Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Laboratory (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs‌, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety‌‌, Urumqi 830052, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167030778052489256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, companyId=1167030778039906342, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所, 农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(乌鲁木齐), 新疆农产品质量安全重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167030780258693201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chromatograms of mixed standard solutions of 6 kinds of carbamate pesticides, figureFileSmall=dm0RnQrU33DSaVZoOQw0Vg==, figureFileBig=xSb3dZn9cXEYR3ZpjbxOXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030780304830546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=CN, label=图1, caption=6种氨基甲酸酯农药的混合标准溶液色谱图, figureFileSmall=dm0RnQrU33DSaVZoOQw0Vg==, figureFileBig=xSb3dZn9cXEYR3ZpjbxOXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030780380328019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different purification volumes on the recovery rates of 6 kinds of pesticide residues in ordinary cabbage, figureFileSmall=7/RzZaDmSLgWlP7Aae8J+w==, figureFileBig=wsPFTL6dceu+HyMu4/hu+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030780434853972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同净化体积对6种农药残留在普通白菜中回收率的影响, figureFileSmall=7/RzZaDmSLgWlP7Aae8J+w==, figureFileBig=wsPFTL6dceu+HyMu4/hu+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030780501962837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different purification volumes on the recovery rates of 6 kinds of pesticide residues in apple, figureFileSmall=QkrH2We1pTezUUMnyZ7sOw==, figureFileBig=GEmUqjURIsz2WJabKXH0Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030780552294486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同净化体积对6种农药残留在苹果中回收率的影响, figureFileSmall=QkrH2We1pTezUUMnyZ7sOw==, figureFileBig=GEmUqjURIsz2WJabKXH0Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030780611014743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of recovery rates of 6 kinds of pesticide residues in vegetables determined by matrix calibration method and solvent calibration method, figureFileSmall=hkprU4obTTctSd9uC/VdUw==, figureFileBig=dniEfsorZygt3XgB2jzwuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030780690706520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基质标定法和溶剂标定法测定蔬菜中6种农药残留的回收率对比, figureFileSmall=hkprU4obTTctSd9uC/VdUw==, figureFileBig=dniEfsorZygt3XgB2jzwuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030780757815385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Content of metamidophos in different parts of potatoes, figureFileSmall=65/o77YbNELsrIrtOfcL0w==, figureFileBig=GZ5vR6z5UDxqO/rZWNOV2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030780808147034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=CN, label=图5, caption=灭多威在土豆不同部位的含量

注: 柱子上方不同小写字母表示相同时期下组间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=65/o77YbNELsrIrtOfcL0w==, figureFileBig=GZ5vR6z5UDxqO/rZWNOV2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030780854284379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gradient elution mode of mobile phases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 甲醇/% 水/%
0.00 15 85
2.00 25 75
8.00 25 75
9.00 40 60
10.00 45 55
19.00 80 20
25.00 80 20
26.00 15 85
28.00 15 85
29.00 15 85
), ArticleFig(id=1167030780904616028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

流动相梯度洗脱表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 甲醇/% 水/%
0.00 15 85
2.00 25 75
8.00 25 75
9.00 40 60
10.00 45 55
19.00 80 20
25.00 80 20
26.00 15 85
28.00 15 85
29.00 15 85
), ArticleFig(id=1167030780984307805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Stability test results of derivatization reagent

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药名称 60 μL β-巯基乙醇 120 μL β-巯基乙醇
当天峰面积 3 d后峰面积 9 d后峰面积 当天峰面积 3 d后峰面积 9 d后峰面积
涕灭威亚砜 2158a 1058b 185c 4621a 3960a 1116b
涕灭威砜 2158a 985b 190c 5117a 4259a 1220b
灭多威 4158a 1985b 258c 7185a 6161a 1766b
三羟基克百威 2789a 1205b 249c 4704a 5323a 1174b
涕灭威 3875a 1587b 289c 6427a 5869a 1538b
克百威 2987a 1425b 199c 5031a 4251a 1297b
), ArticleFig(id=1167030781059805278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

衍生试剂稳定性实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药名称 60 μL β-巯基乙醇 120 μL β-巯基乙醇
当天峰面积 3 d后峰面积 9 d后峰面积 当天峰面积 3 d后峰面积 9 d后峰面积
涕灭威亚砜 2158a 1058b 185c 4621a 3960a 1116b
涕灭威砜 2158a 985b 190c 5117a 4259a 1220b
灭多威 4158a 1985b 258c 7185a 6161a 1766b
三羟基克百威 2789a 1205b 249c 4704a 5323a 1174b
涕灭威 3875a 1587b 289c 6427a 5869a 1538b
克百威 2987a 1425b 199c 5031a 4251a 1297b
), ArticleFig(id=1167030781126914143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Retention times, linear ranges, correlation coefficients and limits of detection of 6 kinds of carbamate pesticides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 保留时间/min 线性范围/(μg/mL) 相关系数
(r2)
检出限/(mg/kg)
涕灭威 19.670 0.10~2.00 0.9997 0.003
涕灭威亚砜 9.340 0.10~2.00 0.9998 0.003
涕灭威砜 11.564 0.10~2.00 0.9996 0.002
灭多威 13.821 0.10~2.00 0.9998 0.005
克百威 21.256 0.10~2.00 0.9997 0.005
三羟基克
百威
16.933 0.10~2.00 0.9999 0.005
), ArticleFig(id=1167030781198217312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

6种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的保留时间、线性范围、相关系数以及检出限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 保留时间/min 线性范围/(μg/mL) 相关系数
(r2)
检出限/(mg/kg)
涕灭威 19.670 0.10~2.00 0.9997 0.003
涕灭威亚砜 9.340 0.10~2.00 0.9998 0.003
涕灭威砜 11.564 0.10~2.00 0.9996 0.002
灭多威 13.821 0.10~2.00 0.9998 0.005
克百威 21.256 0.10~2.00 0.9997 0.005
三羟基克
百威
16.933 0.10~2.00 0.9999 0.005
), ArticleFig(id=1167030781252743265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Recoveries and precisions of the method (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 添加浓度/(μg/mL) 平均回收率/% RSDs/%
涕灭威亚砜 0.10 86 3.1
0.50 87 2.9
2.00 94 3.1
涕灭威砜 0.10 86 3.2
0.50 87 2.4
2.00 91 2.4
灭多威 0.10 87 2.8
0.50 89 2.3
2.00 95 3.1
涕灭威 0.10 86 2.9
0.50 88 3.1
2.00 93 3.3
克百威 0.10 87 3.1
0.50 91 3.4
2.00 93 2.9
三羟基克百威 0.10 86 3.3
0.50 90 3.3
2.00 94 2.8
), ArticleFig(id=1167030781328240738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437190027424026, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

方法回收率及精密度(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 添加浓度/(μg/mL) 平均回收率/% RSDs/%
涕灭威亚砜 0.10 86 3.1
0.50 87 2.9
2.00 94 3.1
涕灭威砜 0.10 86 3.2
0.50 87 2.4
2.00 91 2.4
灭多威 0.10 87 2.8
0.50 89 2.3
2.00 95 3.1
涕灭威 0.10 86 2.9
0.50 88 3.1
2.00 93 3.3
克百威 0.10 87 3.1
0.50 91 3.4
2.00 93 2.9
三羟基克百威 0.10 86 3.3
0.50 90 3.3
2.00 94 2.8
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高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中6种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留及降解规律的研究
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郝蔚 , 华震宇 , 王富兰 , 姜娜 , 古丽斯坦·阿不都拉 , 周晓龙 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025,16(11): 162-167
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025, 16(11): 162-167
高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中6种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留及降解规律的研究
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郝蔚 , 华震宇, 王富兰, 姜娜, 古丽斯坦·阿不都拉, 周晓龙*
作者信息
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所, 农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(乌鲁木齐), 新疆农产品质量安全重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 郝蔚(1989—), 女, 实验师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全与检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 周晓龙(1976—), 男, 硕士, 正高级实验师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:
Determination of 6 kinds of carbamate pesticide residues in vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography and research on degradation rule
Wei HAO , Zhen-Yu HUA, Fu-Lan WANG, Na JIANG, A-Bu-Du-La GULISITAN, Xiao-Long ZHOU*
Affiliations
  • Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agricultural Products Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Laboratory (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs‌, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety‌‌, Urumqi 830052, China
出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250101001
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目的 建立高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)测定蔬菜中6种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的分析方法, 并研究氨基甲酸酯类农药在蔬菜中的降解规律。方法 样品经乙腈打浆提取氨基甲酸酯类农药, 上清液经固相吸附剂净化, 浓缩干后用甲醇定容, 采用HPLC-柱后衍生法进行定量分析。结果 方法经优化发现6种氨基甲酸酯类农药在0.10~2.00 μg/mL质量浓度范围内峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系, 相关系数均不小于0.9996, 检出限为0.002~0.005 mg/kg, 平均回收率为86%~95%, 相对标准偏差均小于3.5%。同时得到氨基甲酸酯类在蔬菜中的残留状况与降解规律, 发现灭多威农药残留含量的大小顺序为: 无清洗过的土豆皮>清洗过的土豆皮>土豆内部。结论 本方法灵敏度高、检出限低、回收率好、操作可行, 满足实验要求。农药残留降解规律具有显著差异性, 为评价氨基甲酸酯类农药使用后的蔬菜的安全性提供理论依据。

高效液相色谱法  /  蔬菜  /  氨基甲酸酯  /  农药  /  降解规律

Objective To establish a method for the determination of 6 kinds of carbamate pesticide residues in vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and study the degradation rule of carbamate pesticides in vegetables. Methods The samples were extracted with acetonitrile to extract carbamate pesticides. The supernatant was purified by solid phase adsorbent, concentrated and dried, and then diluted with methanol. The quantitative analysis was carried out by HPLC-post column derivatization.Results Through optimization of the method, it was found that there was a good linear relationship between peak area and concentration of 6 kinds of carbamate pesticides in the mass concentration range of 0.10-2.00 μg/mL, with correlation coefficients not less than 0.9996. The limit of detection was 0.002-0.005 mg/kg, the average recovery rate was 86%-95%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 3.5%. At the same time, the residual status and degradation rule of amino esters in vegetables were obtained, and it was found that the order of pesticide residue content of methomyl was: Unwashed potato peel>washed potato peel>potato interior. Conclusion This method has high sensitivity, low limit of detection, good recovery rate and feasible operation, meeting the experimental requirements. The degradation rules of pesticide residues show significant differences, providing a theoretical basis for evaluating the safety of vegetables after the use of carbamate pesticides.

high performance liquid chromatography  /  vegetables  /  carbamate  /  pesticide  /  degradation rule
郝蔚, 华震宇, 王富兰, 姜娜, 古丽斯坦·阿不都拉, 周晓龙. 高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中6种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留及降解规律的研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (11) : 162 -167 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250101001
Wei HAO, Zhen-Yu HUA, Fu-Lan WANG, Na JIANG, A-Bu-Du-La GULISITAN, Xiao-Long ZHOU. Determination of 6 kinds of carbamate pesticide residues in vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography and research on degradation rule[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (11) : 162 -167 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250101001
农药残留超标问题一直是影响着人们健康的重要因素。传统的有机磷、有机氯农药具有残留期长、不易代谢、毒性高等特点, 因此针对这些缺点人们开发出了新型广谱杀虫、杀螨除草剂—氨基甲酸酯类农药。此类农药对人畜低毒, 通过抑制昆虫体内乙酰胆碱酶和羧酸酯酶活性, 使得昆虫神经功能紊乱而死[1-3], 广泛应用于蔬菜等农作物的病虫妨害。随着国家对食品安全重视的不断提升, 蔬菜中的氨基甲酸酯类农药残留检测变得尤为重要[4-8]
在检验行业中有多种测定氨基甲酸酯类的方法, 如高效液相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、液相柱后衍生法、酶抑制法、液相色谱-串联质谱法等。其中质谱检测灵敏度较高但因其价格昂贵、操作复杂、尚不便于基层检测实验室应用。目前高效液相色谱法重现性好、灵敏度高可替代性较高、价格适中, 在氨基甲酸酯类农药的检测工作中应用较为广泛[9-11]
本研究依据当前有效的NY/T 761—2008《蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留的测定》行业规范, 详细说明如何配制衍生试剂的方法, 从而降低了购置试剂的成本。对前处理条件进行优化, 建立一种简便操作流程、耗材成本低、高精确度的高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中6种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量, 并分析6种农药含量在蔬菜中的降解规律, 以期为蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯类的使用提供参考。
各类蔬菜样品均购于乌鲁木齐市市场以及农家田地。
6种氨基甲酸酯(克百威、三羟基克百威、涕灭威、涕灭威砜、灭多威、涕灭威亚砜)(纯度≥98%, 成都瑞芬思有限公司); 甲醇、乙腈、二氯甲烷、氢氧化钠(色谱纯)、氯化钠、邻苯二甲醛、β-巯基乙醇、四硼酸钠·10H2O(分析纯)(上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司); 实验用水为超纯水。
Agilent 1260型高效液相色谱仪(配荧光检测器)、CARB/NH2 (500 mg/6 mL)固相萃取小柱(美国安捷伦科技有限公司); MS型分析天平(精度0.001 g, 瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司); Hei-VAP型旋转蒸发仪、N-1100V-W型旋转蒸发仪、CT18RT型离心机(德国Heidolph公司); Vortex4 basic型旋涡混合仪(德国艾卡公司); CNW® Athena C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm, 上海安谱公司)。
称取25.0 g蔬菜放入50 mL离心试管内, 接着添加50 mL乙腈和10 g氯化钠振荡, 随后使用超声波提取20 min, 10000 r/min离心5 min。然后从上清吸取10 mL溶液到40 ℃的水浴中浓缩至干, 再依次加入2 mL甲醇:二氯甲烷(1:99, V:V), 分3次加入已经预洗好的固定相萃取微型柱(NH2, 500 mg/6 mL)浓缩近干。加2.5 mL甲醇定容过0.22 μm有机膜, 待测[12-13]
衍生试剂1和衍生试剂2流速均为0.3 mL/min; 衍生反应器温度为95 ℃。柱温设定为42 ℃, 衍生剂1的配制: 称取1.00 g氢氧化钠溶解到水中, 然后定容到500 mL, 过膜备用; 衍生剂2的配制: 0.1 g的邻苯二甲醛溶入10 mL甲醇, 然后将这个混合物添加进含有19.1 g四硼酸钠·10H2O的水溶液中。最后在所得溶液中注入80 μL的β-巯基乙醇, 存放于棕色流动相瓶中待用。所得的溶液中, 加入80 μL β-巯基乙醇, 混合后备用。
色谱柱: CNW® Athena C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm); 激发波长: 330 nm; 发射波长: 465 nm; 进样体积: 20 μL。柱温: 30 ℃; 流动相流量: 1.0 mL/min。流动相A: 甲醇, 流动相B: 水, 流动相梯度洗脱程序见表1
实验采用Excel 2010、SPSS 20进行数据统计和分析。
6种氨基甲酸酯农药(克百威、三羟基克百威、涕灭威、涕灭威砜、灭多威、涕灭威亚砜)的混合标准溶液色谱图如图1所示, 结果表明采用本研究的色谱条件, 谱图中基线更平整、无明显杂峰。
为节省实验成本, 本研究采用的衍生试剂为自行配制,具体配制步骤参见1.2.2部分。经研究发现β-巯基乙醇影响出峰质量, 本研究围绕β-巯基乙醇与放置时间两个因素进行前处理的优化。把配好的衍生剂分为两个棕色流动相瓶子, 一个加入60 μL β-巯基乙醇, 另一个加入120 μL β-巯基乙醇, 上机测定氨基甲酸酯类农药的峰面积。结果显示, 经过3次测定所得峰面积的对比数据发现60 μL和120 μL的β-巯基乙醇峰面积均会在9 d后显着下降, 区别在于加入60 μL在第3 d时显著下降, 稳定性低于加入120 μL β-巯基乙醇。这表明该衍生化试剂里的β-巯基乙醇会降解, 影响灵敏度。由此可知, 加入120 μL β-巯基乙醇的峰面积稳定性好。
经研究发现衍生剂中的β-巯基乙醇会随着时间的延长而降解, 导致峰面积下降, 并且加入的体积大小也会影响出峰时间, 建议衍生试剂放置时间不要超过9 d并且加入量不要太低, 在使用时需要避免阳光直射, 并建议使用棕色的流动相瓶进行配制。具体数据见表2[14-15]
从节省实验成本的角度来看, 希望能以最低的试剂用量得到最好的回收率。为此, 本研究用两种具有代表性的基质(苹果和普通白菜)进行实验, 在浓缩干之后分别加入2、6、12 mL提取液复溶, 将上述3个不同体积复溶液加入固相萃小柱净化, 上机测定并评价其回收率。如图23所示, 当吸取体积为2 mL时, 各类农药的回收率相对偏低, 而吸取体积为6 mL时各类农药均有良好的回收率。当吸取体积为12 mL时, 除灭多威回收率良好, 其余均低于6 mL。另外在吸取6 mL时水果的回收率与蔬菜相差不大。因此本研究选择6 mL作为净化的体积。
由于净化需过氨基柱使得回收率降低, 本研究采用基质和定溶液来配制系列标准液, 绘制标准曲线进行回收率的对比。如图4可知, 采用基质标定法测定的回收率高于溶剂标定法。因此, 本研究确定采用基质绘制的标准曲线, 以降低基质效应对目标化合物定量的影响[16-20]
将质量浓度为0.10、0.25、0.50、1.00、2.00 μg/mL的混合标准溶液上机制作标准曲线, 得到相应的回归方程和相关系数, 检出限按照3倍信噪比计算, 结果见表3。由表3可以看出, 在0.10~2.00 μg/mL质量浓度范围内, 6种氨基甲酸酯类农药的质量浓度与峰面积具有良好的线性关系, 其线性相关系数为0.9996~0.9999, 检出限在0.002~0.005 mg/kg之间, 灵敏度高, 操作可行, 可以满足实验要求。
向空白样品中加入3种水平浓度的被测组分, 配制成氨基甲酸酯质量浓度为0.10、0.50、2.00 μg/mL的模拟样品, 每一浓度平行制作6份, 记录氨基甲酸酯的峰面积值, 带入标准曲线计算测得浓度, 得方法的回收率和精密度[21-23]。由表4可以看出, 在0.10、0.50、2.00 μg/mL的添加水平下, 6种氨基甲酸酯类农药的平均回收率范围在86%~95%之间, RSDs均小于3.5%, 符合农药多残留检测的要求[24]
灭多威系高毒农药并且稳定性较差, 尤其在通风、日光或较高温度下会迅速分解。为评价其在蔬菜上使用的安全性, 本研究进行了灭多威的残留监测实验。选择含有灭多威的土豆, 用上述方法测定水洗过的土豆皮、没有水洗过的土豆皮, 以及土豆内部3个部位不同间隔期的农药残留含量, 并用采用SPSS 20进行差异性分析[25], 结果详见图5
图5可知, 灭多威在蔬菜中的残留量随着时间的延长呈明显的下降趋势, 不同时期土豆中农药残留量的大小顺序均为: 无清洗土豆皮>清洗过土豆皮>土豆内部, 2 h后灭多威在土豆不同部位上的残留量具有显著差异(P<0.05)[26-27], 随着时间的推移不同部位上的农药残留量差异性越来越小。没有清洗过的土豆皮中灭多威的初始残留量是清洗过的土豆皮的2倍左右, 而清洗过的土豆皮中与土豆内部的灭多威初始残留量与前者同规律。土豆内部的残留量比外部低的原因是农药容易附着在表面, 所以总体含量不高。
本研究通过对衍生试剂的优化、提取液净化体积的选择等建立了高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中6种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的分析方法, 结果发现试剂消耗少,可节约实验成本, 且具有良好的线性关系、较好的回收率和精密度, 该方法的平均回收率在86%~95%之间, RSDs均小于3.5%, 灵敏度、精密度等均能够达到要求, 并具有操作简便、灵敏度高、适用范围广等优点, 可以应用于日常检验检测工作[28-30]
通过观察蔬菜中的降解规律发现灭多威残留量在土豆的不同部位具有较大差异, 土豆外部残留量明显高于土豆内部, 其中无清洗过的表皮高于清洗过的表皮。由此可知, 灭多威为亲脂性, 沉积在果蔬表面时会很快溶入蜡质层, 较难以物理方式消除, 因此去除果蔬中农药残留是个亟待解决的问题, 需要长期引起重视。
  • 2025年自治区农产品质量安全检验检测项目(11NB1502037820251601)
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2025年第16卷第11期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250101001
  • 接收时间:2025-01-01
  • 首发时间:2025-07-14
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-01
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2025年自治区农产品质量安全检验检测项目(11NB1502037820251601)
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    新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所, 农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(乌鲁木齐), 新疆农产品质量安全重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052

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* 周晓龙(1976—), 男, 硕士, 正高级实验师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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