Article(id=1215670318971142242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250429006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1745856000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767767990105, onlineDateStr=2026-01-07, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767767990105, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767767990105, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767767990105, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1215670311140381365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767767988237, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767970098618, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1216518023599538606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1216518023599538607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=230, endPage=236, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1215670319528984717, articleId=1215670318971142242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of 17 kinds of amino acids in 3 kinds of animal blood tofu products by ultra performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for determination of 17 kinds of amino acids in 3 kinds of animal blood tofu products (duck, pig, sheep) by ultra performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization. Methods The samples were hydrolyzed in 6 mol/L HCl for 24 h at 110 ℃. Norvaline was used as the internal standard and 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate was used as the derivatizing agent. The derivative products were separated using an Acquity UPLC™BEH C18 chromatographic column (2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.8 μm), with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature adopted the programmed temperature rise mode, and the detection wavelength was 260 nm. The quantification of amino acids was performed using an internal standard method. Results The calibration curves of 17 kinds of amino acids showed good linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The limits of detection were 0.06-0.14 mg/g, the limits of quantitation were 0.19-0.45 mg/g. Recoveries were in range of 85.1%-108.8%, and the relative standard deviations were within 0.3%-6.7%. The established method was adopted to determine the 3 kinds of animal blood tofu sold online respectively. The 17 kinds of amino acids were found in all products. The content of total amino acids in duck, pig, sheep blood tofu was 63.82, 95.61, 93.52 mg/g. Conclusion The 17 kinds of amino acids can be separated completely within 22 min by use of this method. The established method has good repeatability and high accuracy, and is suitable for the 17 kinds of amino acids determination in animal blood tofu.

, correspAuthors=Dong CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bing LI, Yan QI, Li-Ping LI, Hai-Yan ZHAO, Dong CHEN, Sai FAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1215670321055711555, articleId=1215670318971142242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱法测定3种动物血豆腐中17种氨基酸, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱法检测鸭、猪、羊3种动物血豆腐中的17种氨基酸的含量的方法。方法 试样中使用6 mol/L盐酸在110 ℃下水解24 h。以正缬氨酸为内标, 以6-氨基喹啉-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺氨基甲酸酯为衍生剂。衍生产物采用Acquity UPLC™BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.8 μm)分离, 流速为0.4 mL/min, 柱温采用程序升温模式, 检测波长为260 nm。内标法定量测定。结果 17种氨基酸在各自线性范围内均呈现良好的线性关系, 相关系数大于0.999, 检出限为0.06~0.14 mg/g, 定量限为0.19~0.45 mg/g。回收率为85.1%~108.8%, 相对标准偏差为0.3%~6.7%。采用建立的方法分别对网售的3种动物血豆腐进行测定, 3种动物血豆腐中均含有17种氨基酸, 鸭血豆腐、猪血豆腐、羊血豆腐氨基酸总量为63.82、95.61、93.52 mg/g。结论 本方法能够在22 min内实现17种氨基酸的分离, 具有良好的准确性和重复性, 适用于动物血豆腐中的17种氨基酸含量测定。

, correspAuthors=陈东, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*陈东(1981—), 男, 硕士, 主任技师, 主要研究方向为食品卫生检验。E-mail:
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李兵(1983—), 女, 硕士, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食物成分检测与评价。E-mail:

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李兵(1983—), 女, 硕士, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食物成分检测与评价。E-mail:

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Journal of Aoac International, 2019, 102(5): 1574-1588., articleTitle=Total amino acids by UHPLC-UV in infant formulas and adult nutritionals, first action 2018.06, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215686867333337732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=58, authorNames=杨月欣, 葛可佑, journalName=中国营养科学全书, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨月欣, 葛可佑. 中国营养科学全书[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215686867429806725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=59, authorNames=YANG YX, GE KY, journalName=Encyclopedia of nutrition science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG YX, GE KY. Encyclopedia of nutrition science[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215686852351284141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215686852359672751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, companyId=1215686852351284141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215686852368061362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, companyId=1215686852351284141, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京市疾病预防控制中心, 北京 100013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215686856826605791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chromatogram of 16 kinds of derivatized amino acid standards, figureFileSmall=TGaDx5BOOn9NJa40+UwvTg==, figureFileBig=W1/6NXz5O8CKRXdS8kX8Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686856935657704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=CN, label=图1, caption=16种氨基酸标准衍生物色谱图, figureFileSmall=TGaDx5BOOn9NJa40+UwvTg==, figureFileBig=W1/6NXz5O8CKRXdS8kX8Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686857065681140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Chromatogram of derivatized Cys standard, figureFileSmall=dNHFSNfbpjGPblDWsMrvRg==, figureFileBig=RNwbKeFgG1ZMUAs7tFD7Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686857195704575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Cys标准衍生物色谱图, figureFileSmall=dNHFSNfbpjGPblDWsMrvRg==, figureFileBig=RNwbKeFgG1ZMUAs7tFD7Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686857317339399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Chromatogram of 17 kinds of derivatized amino acids in sheep blood tofu, figureFileSmall=MGTjHnAko5MArYBWzQBGMA==, figureFileBig=tm9qaVUJxnncDtlg1qFuGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686857438974223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=CN, label=图3, caption=羊血豆腐中17种氨基酸衍生物的色谱图, figureFileSmall=MGTjHnAko5MArYBWzQBGMA==, figureFileBig=tm9qaVUJxnncDtlg1qFuGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686857585774873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of derivatizing agent concentration on amino acid derivatitives’peak aeras, figureFileSmall=/t+ufgk3sCp5HBFdn/kbeA==, figureFileBig=uf/UFWa5g7HYLVDST6aYDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686857703215391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=CN, label=图4, caption=衍生剂浓度对氨基酸衍生物峰面积的影响, figureFileSmall=/t+ufgk3sCp5HBFdn/kbeA==, figureFileBig=uf/UFWa5g7HYLVDST6aYDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686857808072998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of 3,3’-dithiodipropionic acid mass concentration on cystine derivatitives’peak aeras, figureFileSmall=BvkZUrG/VNY0c8NkfB5FSQ==, figureFileBig=fhwFfIUMaXeyJx9YcfRffw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686857887764778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=CN, label=图5, caption=3,3’-二硫代二丙酸质量浓度对胱氨酸衍生物峰面积的影响, figureFileSmall=BvkZUrG/VNY0c8NkfB5FSQ==, figureFileBig=fhwFfIUMaXeyJx9YcfRffw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686858021982518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Linear equations, correlation coefficients, LODs and LOQs of the 17 kinds of amino acids

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 线性方程 r2 LODs
/(mg/g)
LOQs
/(mg/g)
His Y=3.11×10-2X+4.11×10-1 0.9996 0.12 0.39
Ser Y=4.63×10-2X+8.64×10-1 0.9994 0.09 0.31
Arg Y=2.85×10-2X+2.44×10-1 0.9999 0.08 0.26
Gly Y=6.40×10-2X+8.32×10-1 0.9998 0.13 0.44
Asp Y=3.60×10-2X+5.66×10-1 0.9997 0.06 0.19
Glu Y=3.21×10-2X+8.19×10-1 0.9997 0.10 0.33
Thr Y=4.17×10-2X+3.91×10-1 0.9998 0.11 0.37
Ala Y=5.46×10-2X+4.68×10-1 0.9997 0.09 0.30
Pro Y=3.95×10-2X+6.95×10-1 0.9999 0.07 0.22
Lys Y=5.49×10-2X+5.32×10-1 0.9998 0.09 0.29
Tyr Y=2.76×10-2X+2.14×10-1 0.9998 0.11 0.37
Met Y=3.31×10-2X+4.87×10-1 0.9996 0.14 0.45
Val Y=4.25×10-2X+3.28×10-1 0.9998 0.11 0.37
Lle Y=3.92×10-2X+1.78 0.9994 0.09 0.29
Leu Y=3.94×10-2X+1.75 0.9991 0.10 0.33
Phe Y=3.07×10-2X+3.93×10-1 0.9996 0.10 0.33
Xcys Y=3.58×10-2X+1.16×10-1 0.9992 0.12 0.41
), ArticleFig(id=1215686858122645818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

17种氨基酸的线性方程、相关系数、LODs和LOQs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 线性方程 r2 LODs
/(mg/g)
LOQs
/(mg/g)
His Y=3.11×10-2X+4.11×10-1 0.9996 0.12 0.39
Ser Y=4.63×10-2X+8.64×10-1 0.9994 0.09 0.31
Arg Y=2.85×10-2X+2.44×10-1 0.9999 0.08 0.26
Gly Y=6.40×10-2X+8.32×10-1 0.9998 0.13 0.44
Asp Y=3.60×10-2X+5.66×10-1 0.9997 0.06 0.19
Glu Y=3.21×10-2X+8.19×10-1 0.9997 0.10 0.33
Thr Y=4.17×10-2X+3.91×10-1 0.9998 0.11 0.37
Ala Y=5.46×10-2X+4.68×10-1 0.9997 0.09 0.30
Pro Y=3.95×10-2X+6.95×10-1 0.9999 0.07 0.22
Lys Y=5.49×10-2X+5.32×10-1 0.9998 0.09 0.29
Tyr Y=2.76×10-2X+2.14×10-1 0.9998 0.11 0.37
Met Y=3.31×10-2X+4.87×10-1 0.9996 0.14 0.45
Val Y=4.25×10-2X+3.28×10-1 0.9998 0.11 0.37
Lle Y=3.92×10-2X+1.78 0.9994 0.09 0.29
Leu Y=3.94×10-2X+1.75 0.9991 0.10 0.33
Phe Y=3.07×10-2X+3.93×10-1 0.9996 0.10 0.33
Xcys Y=3.58×10-2X+1.16×10-1 0.9992 0.12 0.41
), ArticleFig(id=1215686858248474946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of tests for precision and recovery of 17 kinds of amino acids (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 本底值
/(mg/g)
低浓度水平加标 中浓度水平加标 高浓度水平加标
加标量/(mg/g) 回收率/% RSDs/% 加标量/(mg/g) 回收率/% RSDs/% 加标量/(mg/g) 回收率/% RSDs/%
His 3.54 1.94 102.2 2.1 3.88 96.7 1.8 7.76 96.0 1.3
Ser 2.55 1.31 90.9 2.4 2.63 85.1 1.6 5.25 85.7 3.0
Arg 3.44 2.18 98.7 1.8 4.36 95.1 1.1 8.71 94.8 1.3
Gly 2.66 0.94 105.6 3.8 1.88 98.2 2.1 3.75 97.1 2.1
Asp 5.87 1.66 100.2 2.8 3.33 93.8 4.0 6.66 95.6 5.0
Glu 7.31 1.84 108.8 2.5 3.68 100.8 2.8 7.36 102.2 4.5
Thr 2.93 1.49 96.6 1.6 2.98 91.3 1.3 5.96 91.5 2.4
Ala 5.15 1.11 106.9 2.7 2.23 95.6 2.5 4.46 95.9 4.9
Pro 2.55 1.44 101.6 1.9 2.88 96.0 1.5 5.76 95.5 1.5
Lys 6.03 1.83 99.9 3.5 3.65 97.7 2.3 7.31 96.8 3.9
Tyr 2.46 2.26 91.8 6.4 4.53 95.6 0.8 9.06 94.6 1.2
Met 1.08 1.87 88.4 5.0 3.73 91.6 0.3 7.46 90.3 1.1
Val 4.59 1.46 105.1 3.5 2.93 100.4 2.5 5.86 97.6 2.2
Lle 2.52 1.64 103.3 1.3 3.28 98.0 1.6 6.56 95.5 0.9
Leu 6.74 1.64 107.7 6.7 3.28 97.8 5.1 6.56 95.8 3.9
Phe 4.04 2.06 98.5 5.2 4.13 94.7 5.6 8.26 95.3 1.8
Cys 1.01 1.50 100.7 3.3 3.00 96.5 1.1 6.01 95.0 1.4
), ArticleFig(id=1215686858349138252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

17种氨基酸的精密度和回收试验结果(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 本底值
/(mg/g)
低浓度水平加标 中浓度水平加标 高浓度水平加标
加标量/(mg/g) 回收率/% RSDs/% 加标量/(mg/g) 回收率/% RSDs/% 加标量/(mg/g) 回收率/% RSDs/%
His 3.54 1.94 102.2 2.1 3.88 96.7 1.8 7.76 96.0 1.3
Ser 2.55 1.31 90.9 2.4 2.63 85.1 1.6 5.25 85.7 3.0
Arg 3.44 2.18 98.7 1.8 4.36 95.1 1.1 8.71 94.8 1.3
Gly 2.66 0.94 105.6 3.8 1.88 98.2 2.1 3.75 97.1 2.1
Asp 5.87 1.66 100.2 2.8 3.33 93.8 4.0 6.66 95.6 5.0
Glu 7.31 1.84 108.8 2.5 3.68 100.8 2.8 7.36 102.2 4.5
Thr 2.93 1.49 96.6 1.6 2.98 91.3 1.3 5.96 91.5 2.4
Ala 5.15 1.11 106.9 2.7 2.23 95.6 2.5 4.46 95.9 4.9
Pro 2.55 1.44 101.6 1.9 2.88 96.0 1.5 5.76 95.5 1.5
Lys 6.03 1.83 99.9 3.5 3.65 97.7 2.3 7.31 96.8 3.9
Tyr 2.46 2.26 91.8 6.4 4.53 95.6 0.8 9.06 94.6 1.2
Met 1.08 1.87 88.4 5.0 3.73 91.6 0.3 7.46 90.3 1.1
Val 4.59 1.46 105.1 3.5 2.93 100.4 2.5 5.86 97.6 2.2
Lle 2.52 1.64 103.3 1.3 3.28 98.0 1.6 6.56 95.5 0.9
Leu 6.74 1.64 107.7 6.7 3.28 97.8 5.1 6.56 95.8 3.9
Phe 4.04 2.06 98.5 5.2 4.13 94.7 5.6 8.26 95.3 1.8
Cys 1.01 1.50 100.7 3.3 3.00 96.5 1.1 6.01 95.0 1.4
), ArticleFig(id=1215686858462384468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Amino acid composition and content of 3 kinds of animal blood tofu products

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类 氨基酸含量及组成/(mg/g)
鸭血豆腐 猪血豆腐 羊血豆腐
(n=9) (n=6) (n=6)
His 3.06±0.90b 5.71±1.50a 5.36±1.21a
Ser 2.45±0.54b 4.34±0.97a 4.06±0.55a
Arg 3.28±0.73a 4.05±0.92a 3.74±0.48a
Gly 2.54±0.51b 4.41±0.98a 3.96±0.56a
Asp 5.87±1.15b 10.98±2.33a 10.23±1.41a
Glu 8.41±2.21b 11.22±2.44a 10.55±1.14ab
Thr 2.82±0.67b 3.28±0.76b 4.57±0.64a
Ala 5.39±1.04b 7.33±1.58a 7.12±0.92a
Pro 2.34±0.53b 3.71±0.83a 3.35±0.43a
Lys 5.88±1.17b 8.46±1.82a 8.48±1.11a
Tyr 2.06±0.63a 2.31±0.53a 2.69±0.61a
Met 0.84±0.29ab 0.63±0.19b 1.08±0.34a
Cys 0.95±0.29a 0.92±0.28a 0.90±0.12a
Val 4.77±0.92b 8.73±1.88a 8.42±1.15a
Lle 2.30±0.55a 0.97±0.26b 0.77±0.32b
Leu 6.78±1.46b 12.32±2.71a 11.78±1.68a
Phe 4.06±0.85b 6.24±1.38a 6.46±0.89a
EAA 27.45±5.87b 40.64±8.93a 41.56±5.75a
TAA 63.82±14.24b 95.61±21.10a 93.52±12.88a
NEAA 36.37±8.39b 54.97±12.17a 51.96±7.13a
EAA/TAA/% 43.11±0.80b 42.51±0.17c 44.43±0.13a
EAA/NEAA/% 75.82±2.50b 73.93±0.52b 79.96±0.43a
), ArticleFig(id=1215686858584019289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670318971142242, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

3种动物血豆腐的氨基酸含量组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类 氨基酸含量及组成/(mg/g)
鸭血豆腐 猪血豆腐 羊血豆腐
(n=9) (n=6) (n=6)
His 3.06±0.90b 5.71±1.50a 5.36±1.21a
Ser 2.45±0.54b 4.34±0.97a 4.06±0.55a
Arg 3.28±0.73a 4.05±0.92a 3.74±0.48a
Gly 2.54±0.51b 4.41±0.98a 3.96±0.56a
Asp 5.87±1.15b 10.98±2.33a 10.23±1.41a
Glu 8.41±2.21b 11.22±2.44a 10.55±1.14ab
Thr 2.82±0.67b 3.28±0.76b 4.57±0.64a
Ala 5.39±1.04b 7.33±1.58a 7.12±0.92a
Pro 2.34±0.53b 3.71±0.83a 3.35±0.43a
Lys 5.88±1.17b 8.46±1.82a 8.48±1.11a
Tyr 2.06±0.63a 2.31±0.53a 2.69±0.61a
Met 0.84±0.29ab 0.63±0.19b 1.08±0.34a
Cys 0.95±0.29a 0.92±0.28a 0.90±0.12a
Val 4.77±0.92b 8.73±1.88a 8.42±1.15a
Lle 2.30±0.55a 0.97±0.26b 0.77±0.32b
Leu 6.78±1.46b 12.32±2.71a 11.78±1.68a
Phe 4.06±0.85b 6.24±1.38a 6.46±0.89a
EAA 27.45±5.87b 40.64±8.93a 41.56±5.75a
TAA 63.82±14.24b 95.61±21.10a 93.52±12.88a
NEAA 36.37±8.39b 54.97±12.17a 51.96±7.13a
EAA/TAA/% 43.11±0.80b 42.51±0.17c 44.43±0.13a
EAA/NEAA/% 75.82±2.50b 73.93±0.52b 79.96±0.43a
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柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱法测定3种动物血豆腐中17种氨基酸
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李兵 , 戚燕 , 李丽萍 , 赵海燕 , 陈东 * , 范赛
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(14): 230-236
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(14): 230-236
柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱法测定3种动物血豆腐中17种氨基酸
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李兵 , 戚燕, 李丽萍, 赵海燕, 陈东* , 范赛
作者信息
  • 北京市疾病预防控制中心, 北京 100013
  • 李兵(1983—), 女, 硕士, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食物成分检测与评价。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*陈东(1981—), 男, 硕士, 主任技师, 主要研究方向为食品卫生检验。E-mail:
Determination of 17 kinds of amino acids in 3 kinds of animal blood tofu products by ultra performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization
Bing LI , Yan QI, Li-Ping LI, Hai-Yan ZHAO, Dong CHEN* , Sai FAN
Affiliations
  • Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250429006
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目的 建立柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱法检测鸭、猪、羊3种动物血豆腐中的17种氨基酸的含量的方法。方法 试样中使用6 mol/L盐酸在110 ℃下水解24 h。以正缬氨酸为内标, 以6-氨基喹啉-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺氨基甲酸酯为衍生剂。衍生产物采用Acquity UPLC™BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.8 μm)分离, 流速为0.4 mL/min, 柱温采用程序升温模式, 检测波长为260 nm。内标法定量测定。结果 17种氨基酸在各自线性范围内均呈现良好的线性关系, 相关系数大于0.999, 检出限为0.06~0.14 mg/g, 定量限为0.19~0.45 mg/g。回收率为85.1%~108.8%, 相对标准偏差为0.3%~6.7%。采用建立的方法分别对网售的3种动物血豆腐进行测定, 3种动物血豆腐中均含有17种氨基酸, 鸭血豆腐、猪血豆腐、羊血豆腐氨基酸总量为63.82、95.61、93.52 mg/g。结论 本方法能够在22 min内实现17种氨基酸的分离, 具有良好的准确性和重复性, 适用于动物血豆腐中的17种氨基酸含量测定。

动物血豆腐  /  氨基酸  /  6-氨基喹啉-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺氨基甲酸酯  /  超高效液相色谱法

Objective To establish a method for determination of 17 kinds of amino acids in 3 kinds of animal blood tofu products (duck, pig, sheep) by ultra performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization. Methods The samples were hydrolyzed in 6 mol/L HCl for 24 h at 110 ℃. Norvaline was used as the internal standard and 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate was used as the derivatizing agent. The derivative products were separated using an Acquity UPLC™BEH C18 chromatographic column (2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.8 μm), with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature adopted the programmed temperature rise mode, and the detection wavelength was 260 nm. The quantification of amino acids was performed using an internal standard method. Results The calibration curves of 17 kinds of amino acids showed good linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The limits of detection were 0.06-0.14 mg/g, the limits of quantitation were 0.19-0.45 mg/g. Recoveries were in range of 85.1%-108.8%, and the relative standard deviations were within 0.3%-6.7%. The established method was adopted to determine the 3 kinds of animal blood tofu sold online respectively. The 17 kinds of amino acids were found in all products. The content of total amino acids in duck, pig, sheep blood tofu was 63.82, 95.61, 93.52 mg/g. Conclusion The 17 kinds of amino acids can be separated completely within 22 min by use of this method. The established method has good repeatability and high accuracy, and is suitable for the 17 kinds of amino acids determination in animal blood tofu.

animal blood tofu  /  amino acids  /  6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate  /  ultra performance liquid chromatography
李兵, 戚燕, 李丽萍, 赵海燕, 陈东, 范赛. 柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱法测定3种动物血豆腐中17种氨基酸. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (14) : 230 -236 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250429006
Bing LI, Yan QI, Li-Ping LI, Hai-Yan ZHAO, Dong CHEN, Sai FAN. Determination of 17 kinds of amino acids in 3 kinds of animal blood tofu products by ultra performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (14) : 230 -236 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250429006
血豆腐是以动物血液为主要原料加工制成的传统食品。鸭血、猪血和羊血豆腐因其独特的口感、营养价值和烹饪适应性, 成为血豆腐中最具代表性的3大种类, 具有地域饮食文化特色。研究表明血豆腐中脂肪含量较低, 蛋白含量较高, 富含维生素、矿物质等多种营养成分[1-3]。氨基酸是组成蛋白质的物质, 是蛋白质营养与代谢的基本单位。蛋白质所含氨基酸的品种、数量和比例, 决定蛋白质的营养价值[4]。食物中氨基酸的构成对于食物营养评价具有重要意义。目前动物血豆腐中氨基酸含量的报道较少, 难以满足膳食营养评价等相关研究的需要。
常规的氨基酸测定方法有氨基酸分析仪[5-8]、液相色谱法[9]、气相色谱法[10-11]、超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法[12-13]等。氨基酸分析仪是专门用来测定氨基酸的分析仪器, 广泛用于食物中氨基酸的测定, 采用柱后衍生的方法测定氨基酸, 需要购置单独的仪器。近年来许多研究采用液相色谱法测定氨基酸, 由于大部分氨基酸缺少发色团, 不能发射荧光, 因此使用液相色谱法进行测定时常需要使用不同的衍生剂将氨基酸衍生后, 再使用紫外检测器或者荧光检测器进行检测[14-15]。常用的衍生剂有邻苯二甲醛和9-芴甲基氯甲酸酯[16]、丹磺酰氯[17]、异硫氰酸苯酯[18-20]、2,4-二硝基氟苯[21]、6-氨基喹啉-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺氨基甲酸酯 (6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, AQC)[22-26]等。AQC能够跟伯胺和仲胺进行反应, 具有衍生速度快、灵敏度高、干扰少的优点[27]
GB 5009.124—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》可同时测定食物中的16种氨基酸, 但不包含半胱氨酸。因为半胱氨酸在酸水解过程中不稳定, 测定时需要单独使用过甲酸将其氧化为磺基丙氨酸, 进行测定[28-29]。而过甲酸是强氧化剂, 具有一定的危险性。BARKHOLT等[30]报道了在蛋白质酸水解过程中加入3,3’-二硫代二丙酸, 使其与胱氨酸和半胱氨酸反应生成稳定的衍生物, 通过离子色谱结合柱后衍生化检测, 显著提高了半胱氨酸的测定准确度。AOAC Official Method 2018.06在盐酸水解过程中同步使用3,3’-二硫代二丙酸将胱氨酸和半胱氨酸转化为稳定的S-2-羧乙基硫代半胱氨酸, 随后经AQC柱前衍生, 采用超高效液相色谱法实现了奶粉、谷物等食品中17种氨基酸的同时测定[31-32]
动物血豆腐通常由动物血液、食用胶、抗凝剂等成分制作而成。基质比较复杂对于样品制备和检测方法都有较高的要求。目前, AOAC Official Method 2018.06在动物血豆腐中氨基酸测定的应用报道较少。本研究采用该方法测定了3种动物血豆腐中的17种氨基酸, 采用AQC衍生, 超高效液相色谱法测定, 并考察了柱温、进样体积、衍生剂浓度及3,3’-二硫代二丙酸含量对于17种氨基酸测定的影响, 以满足动物血豆腐中17种氨基酸快速高通量检测的需求。
本研究测定的鸭血、猪血、羊血豆腐均购自网络销售平台。
乙腈(色谱纯, 北京迪马科技有限公司); 甲酸(色谱纯, 上海安谱科技实验有限公司); 甲酸铵(纯度99%, 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司); 苯酚(纯度≥99%)、3,3’-二硫代二丙酸(纯度99%)、L-胱氨酸(cystine, Cys)、L-正缬氨酸(norvaline, Nva)(纯度≥99%)、17种氨基酸混合标准溶液[包括: L-丙氨酸(alanine, Ala)、L-精氨酸(arginine, Arg)、L-天冬氨酸(aspartic acid, Asp)、L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid, Glu)、L-甘氨酸(glycine, Gly)、L-组氨酸(histidine, His)、L-亮氨酸(leucine, Leu)、L-异亮氨酸(isoleucine, Lle)、L-赖氨酸(lysine, Lys)、L-蛋氨酸(methionine, Met)、L-苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine, Phe)、L-脯氨酸(proline, Pro)、L-丝氨酸(serine, Ser)、L-苏氨酸(threonine, Thr)、L-酪氨酸(tyrosine, Tyr)、L-缬氨酸(valine, Val)和L-胱氨酸(cystine, Cys); 其中, Cys浓度为1.25 mmol/L, 其余氨基酸浓度均为2.5 mmol/L](美国Sigma公司); 盐酸、氢氧化钠(优级纯, 国药集团化学试剂公司); AccQ-Tag Ultra衍生试剂包(包括硼酸缓冲液、AQC衍生剂粉、乙腈稀释液, 美国Waters公司); 超纯水(milliq超纯水系统)。
ACQUITY UPLC H-class超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器、0.22 μm PTFE滤膜、Acquity UPLC™BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.8 μm)(美国Waters公司); Allegra X-22R离心机(美国Beckman公司); FA2004电子天平(感量0.0001 g, 上海天平仪器厂); B-400均质仪(美国BUCHI公司); OV120鼓风干燥箱(苏州环美生物医疗科技有限公司)。
内标溶液的配制: 称取正缬氨酸0.0586 g, 使用0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液溶解, 转移至50.0 mL容量瓶, 定容。配制成10 mmol/L的正缬氨酸内标溶液。
3,3’-二硫代二丙酸溶液的配制: 称取0.5000 g 3,3’-二硫代二丙酸, 使用0.2 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液溶解, 转移至50.0 mL容量瓶, 定容。配制成1% (m:V)的3,3’-二硫代二丙酸溶液溶液。
胱氨酸标准储备液的配制: 称取胱氨酸0.0600 g, 使用0.05 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液溶解, 转移至25.0 mL容量瓶, 定容。配制成10 mmol/L的胱氨酸标准储备液。
胱氨酸标准曲线溶液的配制: 分别取10 mmol/L胱氨酸标准储备液0、20、40、100、200、400 μL, 于10 mL容量瓶, 加入400 μL正缬氨酸内标溶液, 再加入1.2 mL 1% (m:V) 3,3’-二硫代二丙酸溶液, 1.2 mL 0.2 mol/L盐酸, 5 mL含0.1% (m:V)苯酚的12 mol/L盐酸溶液, 用水定容至10 mL。取5 mL标准溶液至水解瓶中, 充氮后, 水解、中和、衍生后测定。配制成上机浓度为0、0.50、1.00、2.50、5.00、10.00 nmol/mL的胱氨酸标准曲线溶液。
16种氨基酸标准曲线溶液的配制: 在10 mL容量瓶中, 加入2.5 mmol/L氨基酸混合标准溶液0、20、40、200、400、1000 μL, 加入100 μL正缬氨酸内标溶液, 用0.1 mol/L盐酸定容, 衍生后测定。配制成上机浓度为0、0.50、1.00、5.00、10.00、25.00 nmol/mL的氨基酸标准曲线溶液。
色谱柱: Acquity UPLC™BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm× 150 mm, 1.8 μm); 流动相A: 200 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液:乙腈:甲酸:水=252:33:15:1700 (V:V:V:V); 流动相B: 甲酸:乙腈=33:2500 (V:V); 梯度洗脱程序: 0~5.50 min, 99.9% A; 5.50~15.22 min, 99.9%~90.9% A; 15.22~20.74 min, 90.9%~78.8% A; 20.74~21.26 min, 78.8%~40.4% A; 21.26~21.29 min, 40.4%~10.0% A; 21.29~22.84 min, 10% A; 22.84~26.00 min, 10.0%~99.9% A; 26~35 min, 99.9% A。流速: 0.4 mL/min。进样量为1 μL; 检测波长为260 nm。色谱柱升温程序: 0~10.0 min, 50 ℃; 10~11 min, 50~55 ℃; 11~24 min, 55 ℃; 24~25 min, 55~50 ℃, 25~35 min, 50 ℃。
称取混合均匀的样品20 mg置于棕色水解瓶中, 依次加入200 μL内标、1 mL水、600 μL含1% (m:V) 3-3’-二硫代二丙酸溶液、600 μL 0.2 mol/L盐酸、2.5 mL含0.1% (m:V)苯酚的12 mol/L盐酸溶液。水解: 混匀后充氮, 110 ℃水解24 h。中和: 将水解物冷却至室温, 取0.2 mL样品, 依次加入0.2 mL 6 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液, 加0.4 mL 0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液, 充分混合, 10000 r/min 条件下离心10 min。衍生: 在1.5 mL离心管中加入70 μL AccQ-Tag Ultra衍生试剂包中的缓冲液5%四硼酸钠水溶液(m:V), 加入10 μL样液, 涡旋后加入20 μL AccQ-Tag Ultra衍生试剂包中的临用现配的衍生剂(取1 mL乙腈加入AQC粉末, 55 ℃加热10 min溶解), 迅速混匀后, 常温放置1 min, 55 ℃加热10 min后, 上机测定。
样品采用3次平行测定, 采用WPS Office 2017软件整理实验数据和绘图, 采用SPSS 19.0软件进行单因素方差分析, 结果以平均值±标准偏差表示, P<0.05表示具有显著性差异。
使用超高效液相色谱法进行分析时发现Met和胱氨酸这两个氨基酸出峰时间比较接近, 并且对温度比较敏感, 柱温55 ℃时分离度优于50 ℃, 分离度能够从1.25增加到1.58。但是柱温为55 ℃时His会出峰较快, 与其前面的色谱峰分离度为1.23, 因此选择柱程序升温模式。前10 min柱温保持50 ℃, 从10 min升高至55 ℃, 保持至25 min, 从25 min到35 min柱温保持50 ℃, 可以使两对色谱峰都达到基线分离。His和其前面的色谱峰、Met和胱氨酸两对色谱峰的分离度分别提高至3.22和1.70。因此选择了柱程序升温模式。样品中氨基酸含量较高时, 增大进样体积会出现柱子超载的情况, 导致峰形变宽, 无法定性定量测定, 因此进样体积选择1 μL。16种氨基酸标准衍生物、胱氨酸标准衍生物以及血豆腐样品中17种氨基酸衍生物的色谱图见图1~3
使用乙腈配制成浓度分别为1、2、4、8、10、12 mmol/L的AQC衍生剂。配制衍生后浓度分别为25 nmol/mL和10 nmol/mL的16种氨基酸混合标准溶液和胱氨酸标准溶液, 考察了不同浓度衍生剂对于衍生效果的影响, 结果见图4。从图4中可以明显看出各氨基酸衍生物的峰面积随衍生剂浓度的增高而增大, 说明衍生剂浓度对于衍生效果具有重要影响。衍生剂浓度为8~12 mmol/L时各氨基酸衍生物的峰面积相差不多, 10 mmol/L时略高。衍生剂浓度越大, 溶解时所需时间增长, 因此本研究选择了衍生剂浓度为10 mmol/L。
在盐酸水解前加入3,3’-二硫代二丙酸, 在水解的同时会将胱氨酸和半胱氨酸转化为S-2-羧乙基硫代半胱氨酸, 测定的胱氨酸值代表半胱氨酸和胱氨酸的总量。水解液中胱氨酸浓度为0.4 μmol/mL时, 考察了3,3’-二硫代二丙酸加入量对于胱氨酸衍生物峰面积的影响。如图5结果表明, 胱氨酸衍生物峰面积随3,3’-二硫代二丙酸在水解液中的浓度的增大而增高, 说明3,3’-二硫代二丙酸加入量对于胱氨酸衍生物峰面积具有重要影响。3,3’-二硫代二丙酸在水解液中含量为0.8、1.2、1.6 mg/mL时衍生物峰面积相差不多。为保证水解完全, 本研究选择了3,3’-二硫代二丙酸在水解液中的质量浓度为1.2 mg/mL。
以17种氨基酸质量浓度为横坐标(X, nmol/mL), 以峰面积/内标面积(Y), 绘制标准曲线。以3倍和10倍信噪比确定方法的检出限(limit of detection, LOD)和定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ)。17种氨基酸的线性方程、相关系数(correlation coefficient, r2)、LODs、LOQs见表1。结果表明, 16种氨基酸和胱氨酸在0~25 nmol/mL和0~10 nmol/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系, 相关系数为0.9991~0.9999, LODs为0.06~0.14 mg/g, LOQs为0.19~0.45 mg/g, 能够满足实际检测的需要。
按照测定1.4方法进行3个浓度水平的加标回收试验, 每个浓度水平平行测定6次, 计算回收率和相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD), 见表2。结果表明17种氨基酸的回收率为85.1%~108.8%,测定值的RSDs为0.3%~6.7%, 说明方法具有良好的准确度和精密度。
按照建立的检测方法对3种动物血豆腐进行了测定, 结果见表3。在3种动物血豆腐中均检测出17种氨基酸。猪、羊血豆腐的TAA相近(P>0.05)含量分别为95.61 mg/g、93.52 mg/g, 显著高于鸭血豆腐(P<0.05)的TAA 63.82 mg/g。猪、羊血豆腐中含量最高的氨基酸是Leu, 含量分别为12.32 mg/g、11.78 mg/g, 其次是Glu, 含量分别为11.22 mg/g、10.55 mg/g, 还有Asp, 含量分别为10.98 mg/g、10.23 mg/g。鸭血豆腐中含量最高的氨基酸依次为Glu, Leu和Lys, 含量分别为8.41、6.78、5.88 mg/g。
EAA是指在体内不能合成或合成速度不能满足机体需要, 必须由食物供给的氨基酸。EAA有Lle、Leu、Lys、Met、Phe、Thr、色氨酸、Nva[33]。猪、羊血豆腐的EAA总量相近(P>0.05), 分别为40.64 mg/g、41.56 mg/g, 且均显著高于鸭血豆腐(P<0.05)的27.45 mg/g。鸭、猪、羊血豆腐中含量最高的EAA均为Leu, 分别为6.78、12.32、11.78 mg/g。鸭、猪血豆腐中含量最低的EAA为Met, 分别为0.84 mg/g、0.63 mg/g。羊血豆腐中含量最低的EAA为Lle, 含量为0.77 mg/g。
NEAA是指人体自身能够合成, 不一定需要通过食物获得的氨基酸。NEAA并非无用, 在营养和代谢上与EAA具有相同的重要性[33]。NEAA有Ala、Arg、天门冬氨酸、Glu、Gly、Pro、Ser、半胱氨酸、Tyr、His。猪、羊血豆腐的NEAA总量相近(P>0.05), 分别为54.97、51.96 mg/g, 且均显著高于鸭血豆腐(P<0.05)的36.37 mg/g。鸭、猪、羊血豆腐中含量最高的NEAA均为Glu, 分别为8.41、11.22、10.55 mg/g。鸭、猪、羊血豆腐中含量最低的非必需氨基酸为均半胱氨酸, 分别为为0.95、0.92、0.90 mg/g。半胱氨酸和Tyr也称为条件必需氨基酸。条件EAA是指本可自身合成, 但在某些特定条件下, 不能满足机体需要, 必须从食物中获得的氨基酸[33]。鸭、猪、羊血豆腐中的Tyr含量相近(P>0.05), 分别为2.06、2.31、2.69 mg/g。目前His被认为是婴儿的EAA。猪、羊血豆腐的His含量相近(P>0.05), 分别为5.71 mg/g、5.36 mg/g, 均显著高于鸭血豆腐(P<0.05)的His含量3.06 mg/g。鸭、猪、羊血豆腐的EAA/TAA分别为43.11%、42.51%、44.43%, EAA/NEAA分别为75.82%、73.93%、79.96%。
动物血豆腐是一些地区饮食中常见的传统食材, 具有高蛋白低脂肪的特点。动物血豆腐中氨基酸含量的研究鲜有报道。AOAC Official Method 2018.06方法多应用于奶粉、谷物等食物中氨基酸的测定。本研究采用此方法测定了鸭、猪、羊3种动物血豆腐中的17种氨基酸, 进行了方法学验证。通过优化色谱条件, 采用柱程序升温的方法, 提高了Met和胱氨酸的分离度, 同时确保了His的分离效果不受影响。考察了衍生剂浓度和3,3’-二硫代二丙酸在水解时中的浓度对结果的影响, 结果表明衍生剂浓度为1、2、4 mmol/L时, 部分氨基酸结果明显降低, 3,3’-二硫代二丙酸在水解液中的质量浓度为0、0.2、0.4 mg/mL时, 胱氨酸的结果也明显较低。方法验证结果表明衍生剂浓度为10 mmol/L和3,3’-二硫代二丙酸在水解液中的质量浓度为1.2 mg/mL时, 17种氨基酸具有良好的准确度和精密度, 本方法能够在22 min内实现17种氨基酸的分离, 能够满足动物血豆腐中17种氨基酸检测的要求。本研究获得了鸭、猪、羊3种动物血豆腐的含量数据, 能够为动物血豆腐营养评价等相关研究提供基础数据。
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2025年第16卷第14期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250429006
  • 接收时间:2025-04-29
  • 首发时间:2026-01-07
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-29
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    北京市疾病预防控制中心, 北京 100013

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*陈东(1981—), 男, 硕士, 主任技师, 主要研究方向为食品卫生检验。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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