Article(id=1217845638901973600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250409002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1744128000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768286626792, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768286626792, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768286626792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768286626792, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217845635080962613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768286625881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768287480278, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=214, endPage=220, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217845640151876243, articleId=1217845638901973600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Effects of in vitro simulated digestion on total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in Canarium album and its products, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To study the effects of in vitro simulated digestion on the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of Canarium album and its products. Methods The study investigated the changes in total polyphenol content and scavenging capacities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation (ABTS+) free radical, hydroxyl free radical and superoxide anion free radical during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion using 5 samples: Canarium album polyphenol extract, fresh Canarium album, sweet Canarium album, salt-preserved Canarium album, and licorice-flavored Canarium album. Results The polyphenol content of the 5 samples in both the gastric and intestinal digestion stages was lower than that in the undigested samples. During the gastric digestion stage, the scavenging capacities of the 5 samples for ABTS+ free radicals and DPPH free radicals were significantly stronger than those of the undigested samples. In the intestinal digestion stage, the free radical scavenging capacities of most samples decreased. The hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities of Canarium album extract and fresh Canarium album were weaker than those of the other samples, but their scavenging capacities in the intestinal stage were stronger than those in the gastric stage. Significant differences were observed in the superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities among the 5 samples: The superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity of Canarium album polyphenol extract increased initially and then decreased over time during gastrointestinal digestion; the scavenging capacity of fresh Canarium album during gastrointestinal digestion was stronger than that of the undigested counterpart; due to the presence of processed ingredients, the scavenging capacities of sweet Canarium album, salte-preserved Canarium album and licorice-flavored Canarium album showed no obvious correlation with their polyphenol content. Conclusion Compared with the undigested samples, different Canarium album samples still exhibit good antioxidant activity after digestion. This study provides a reference for the further research and application of Canarium album polyphenols, and offers a theoretical basis for the development, deep processing and utilization of Canarium album and its products.

, correspAuthors=Feng-Xia LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yang CHEN, Qiao-Hua ZHENG, Ping ZHANG, Feng-Xia LI, Yuan-Qing HU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217845642538435312, articleId=1217845638901973600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=体外模拟消化对橄榄及其制品中总多酚含量及抗氧化活性的影响, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究体外模拟消化对橄榄及其制品总多酚含量及抗氧化性的影响。方法 通过研究橄榄多酚提取液、新鲜橄榄、甜橄榄、盐津橄榄和甘草橄榄5个样品在体外模拟胃肠道消化过程中总多酚含量及其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基、2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸阳离子[2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation, ABTS+]自由基、羟自由基及超氧阴离子自由基清除能力的变化。结果 在胃、肠消化阶段5个样品多酚含量均低于未消化样品; 在胃消化阶段, 5个样品对ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基的清除能力显著强于未消化; 肠消化阶段, 多数样品的自由基清除能力降低; 橄榄多酚提取液和新鲜橄榄的羟自由基清除能力弱于其余样品, 但肠阶段的的清除能力强于胃阶段; 5个样品对超氧阴离子自由基清除能力差异显著, 橄榄多酚提取液的超氧阴离子自由基清除能力在胃肠消化阶段随时间先增强后下降; 新鲜橄榄胃、肠消化阶段清除能力均强于未消化; 甜橄榄、盐津橄榄、甘草橄榄因含加工成分, 其清除能力与多酚含量无明显关联。结论 与未消化对比, 不同的橄榄类样品经消化后仍具有良好的抗氧化性, 本研究为橄榄多酚的进一步研究应用提供参考, 为橄榄及其制品的开发和深加工利用提供理论依据。

, correspAuthors=李凤霞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李凤霞(1978—), 女, 硕士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品质量控制、功能性食品的研制与开发。E-mail:
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陈洋(2000—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食源性病原菌流行病学及耐药性研究。E-mail:

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陈洋(2000—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食源性病原菌流行病学及耐药性研究。E-mail:

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注: 不同小写字母表示同一样品不同消化阶段差异显著(P<0.05), 图2~5同。

, figureFileSmall=bHUA7o7ulQzJyjYhZ/praw==, figureFileBig=SukARtJGasjZyflJprsz/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864264849736238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845638901973600, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of Canarium album polyphenols after simulated digestion in vitro on ABTS+ free radical clearance rate, figureFileSmall=zReEYzgGn5+lf1pdopg7Rg==, figureFileBig=oHcF/Bfwst4aPm0gCqHy7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864264962982456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845638901973600, language=CN, label=图2, caption=体外模拟消化后橄榄多酚对ABTS+自由基清除率的影响, figureFileSmall=zReEYzgGn5+lf1pdopg7Rg==, figureFileBig=oHcF/Bfwst4aPm0gCqHy7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864265118171712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845638901973600, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of Canarium album polyphenols after simulated digestion in vitro 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体外模拟消化对橄榄及其制品中总多酚含量及抗氧化活性的影响
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陈洋 1 , 郑巧华 1 , 张萍 2 , 李凤霞 2, * , 胡元庆 2
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(16): 214-220
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(16): 214-220
体外模拟消化对橄榄及其制品中总多酚含量及抗氧化活性的影响
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陈洋1 , 郑巧华1, 张萍2, 李凤霞2, * , 胡元庆2
作者信息
  • 1 闽南师范大学菌物产业工程技术中心, 漳州 363000
  • 2 闽南师范大学生物科学与技术学院, 漳州 363000
  • 陈洋(2000—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食源性病原菌流行病学及耐药性研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 李凤霞(1978—), 女, 硕士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品质量控制、功能性食品的研制与开发。E-mail:
Effects of in vitro simulated digestion on total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in Canarium album and its products
Yang CHEN1 , Qiao-Hua ZHENG1, Ping ZHANG2, Feng-Xia LI2, * , Yuan-Qing HU2
Affiliations
  • 1 The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
  • 2 College of Biological Science and Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250409002
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目的 研究体外模拟消化对橄榄及其制品总多酚含量及抗氧化性的影响。方法 通过研究橄榄多酚提取液、新鲜橄榄、甜橄榄、盐津橄榄和甘草橄榄5个样品在体外模拟胃肠道消化过程中总多酚含量及其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基、2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸阳离子[2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation, ABTS+]自由基、羟自由基及超氧阴离子自由基清除能力的变化。结果 在胃、肠消化阶段5个样品多酚含量均低于未消化样品; 在胃消化阶段, 5个样品对ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基的清除能力显著强于未消化; 肠消化阶段, 多数样品的自由基清除能力降低; 橄榄多酚提取液和新鲜橄榄的羟自由基清除能力弱于其余样品, 但肠阶段的的清除能力强于胃阶段; 5个样品对超氧阴离子自由基清除能力差异显著, 橄榄多酚提取液的超氧阴离子自由基清除能力在胃肠消化阶段随时间先增强后下降; 新鲜橄榄胃、肠消化阶段清除能力均强于未消化; 甜橄榄、盐津橄榄、甘草橄榄因含加工成分, 其清除能力与多酚含量无明显关联。结论 与未消化对比, 不同的橄榄类样品经消化后仍具有良好的抗氧化性, 本研究为橄榄多酚的进一步研究应用提供参考, 为橄榄及其制品的开发和深加工利用提供理论依据。

橄榄  /  橄榄制品  /  总多酚  /  体外模拟消化  /  抗氧化活性

Objective To study the effects of in vitro simulated digestion on the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of Canarium album and its products. Methods The study investigated the changes in total polyphenol content and scavenging capacities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation (ABTS+) free radical, hydroxyl free radical and superoxide anion free radical during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion using 5 samples: Canarium album polyphenol extract, fresh Canarium album, sweet Canarium album, salt-preserved Canarium album, and licorice-flavored Canarium album. Results The polyphenol content of the 5 samples in both the gastric and intestinal digestion stages was lower than that in the undigested samples. During the gastric digestion stage, the scavenging capacities of the 5 samples for ABTS+ free radicals and DPPH free radicals were significantly stronger than those of the undigested samples. In the intestinal digestion stage, the free radical scavenging capacities of most samples decreased. The hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities of Canarium album extract and fresh Canarium album were weaker than those of the other samples, but their scavenging capacities in the intestinal stage were stronger than those in the gastric stage. Significant differences were observed in the superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities among the 5 samples: The superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity of Canarium album polyphenol extract increased initially and then decreased over time during gastrointestinal digestion; the scavenging capacity of fresh Canarium album during gastrointestinal digestion was stronger than that of the undigested counterpart; due to the presence of processed ingredients, the scavenging capacities of sweet Canarium album, salte-preserved Canarium album and licorice-flavored Canarium album showed no obvious correlation with their polyphenol content. Conclusion Compared with the undigested samples, different Canarium album samples still exhibit good antioxidant activity after digestion. This study provides a reference for the further research and application of Canarium album polyphenols, and offers a theoretical basis for the development, deep processing and utilization of Canarium album and its products.

Canarium album  /  Canarium album products  /  total polyphenols  /  in vitro simulated digestion  /  antioxidant activiy
陈洋, 郑巧华, 张萍, 李凤霞, 胡元庆. 体外模拟消化对橄榄及其制品中总多酚含量及抗氧化活性的影响. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (16) : 214 -220 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250409002
Yang CHEN, Qiao-Hua ZHENG, Ping ZHANG, Feng-Xia LI, Yuan-Qing HU. Effects of in vitro simulated digestion on total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in Canarium album and its products[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (16) : 214 -220 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250409002
橄榄[Canarium album (Lour.) Rauesch.], 是橄榄科橄榄属植物, 在台湾、广西、广东、福建等地种植广泛[1]。橄榄的果实又名青果, 是中华人民共和国卫生健康委员会公示的药食同源作物之一[2], 橄榄多酚是一种复杂的酚类次生代谢产物, 存在于橄榄叶或橄榄果实中, 橄榄多酚具有特殊生理活性和药理活性, 如抗氧化、预防癌症、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、动脉粥样硬化和增强免疫力等[3-7]
体外模拟胃肠消化体系, 一种通过模拟人体胃肠道的生理环境和消化过程, 在体外研究食物、药物或其他物质消化吸收特性的实验模型, 近年来被广泛应用于研究和评价多酚的抗氧化活性[8-10]。目前对橄榄多酚的研究多集中在其化学成分的分析、提取条件的探究和工艺优化等方面, 关于体外模拟消化对橄榄多酚的抗氧化效果的研究相对较少。除此之外, 在日常生活中食用橄榄多酚的途径主要来自于新鲜橄榄及其制品, 经过胃肠消化后橄榄多酚的抗氧化效果如何变化也报道较少。
综上所述, 本研究以橄榄提取液、新鲜橄榄以及经过加工市售的甜橄榄、盐津橄榄和甘草橄榄为研究对象, 通过体外胃肠模拟消化处理, 测定未消化、胃肠消化后多酚的含量及其抗氧化特性的变化, 以期为橄榄多酚的体内消化特性及橄榄制品的进一步开发提供更多科学依据。
新鲜橄榄, 市售, 品种为檀香; 盐津橄榄、甜橄榄、甘草橄榄, 购于当地糖巢零食超市。
胃蛋白酶(生物试剂级, 酶活力≥1200.0 U/g, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)、2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸[ABTS]试剂、福林酚试剂(分析纯, 福州飞净生物科技有限公司); 胰蛋白酶(酶活力≥250.0 U/mg)、胆酸钠(生物试剂级)、没食子酸(生物试剂级)(上海麦克林生化科技有限公司); 无水乙醇(分析纯, 西陇科学股份有限公司); 30%过氧化氢(H2O2)、过硫酸钾、硫酸亚铁、水杨酸、氯化钠(NaCl)、碳酸钠(Na2CO3)、碳酸氢钠、盐酸(HCl)(分析纯, 永华化学股份有限公司); 邻苯三酚(分析纯, 上海迈瑞尔生化科技有限公司)。
UV5100B紫外可见分光光度计(上海元析仪器有限公司); RE-2000A旋转蒸发仪(上海亚荣生化仪器厂); CE-IS09001叠加式恒温培养摇床(上海世平实验设备有限公司); TGL-20M台式高速冷冻离心机(上海卢湘仪离心机仪器有限公司); KQ5200DE台式数控超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司); HFD-120大型冷风干燥机(大连乐乐家机械有限公司); Sartorius BSA224S1电子天平[精度0.1 mg, 赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司]。
将新鲜去核橄榄25 g, 干燥至恒重, 粉碎, 过80目筛; 精确称取20 g橄榄粉, 加入100 mL体积分数为70 %乙醇溶液(料液比=1:20, g:mL), 80 W超声提取25 min[11], 抽滤并收集滤液, 70 ℃旋蒸20 min, 定容至100 mL, 将橄榄多酚提取液于‒20 ℃保存备用; 分别准确称量25 g的新鲜橄榄、甜橄榄、盐津橄榄、甘草橄榄(均已去核), 各加入100 mL蒸馏水用搅拌机打碎, 得到相应的样液。
体外模拟消化实验包括模拟肠消化和模拟胃消化两部分, 参照文献[12-17]报道方法并略做修改。
模拟胃液的配制: 用浓度为0.1 mol/L的HCl溶液配制质量浓度为4 mg/mL胃蛋白酶溶液。
模拟肠液的配制: 50 mg胰酶和25 g的胆酸钠, 分别溶于0.1 mol/L NaHCO3并定容到25 mL, 使用前1:1 (V:V)混合。
模拟胃消化: 橄榄多酚提取液、新鲜橄榄样液、甜橄榄样液、盐津橄榄样液、甘草橄榄样液各用移液管移取7 mL放入不同烧杯, 分别加入14 mL 0.15 mol/L NaCl溶液和14 mL模拟胃液, 将pH调节至2.0; 胃消化前样品: 取上述5种样品溶液(各7 mL), 加入28 mL 0.15 mol/L NaCl溶液(pH=7.0), 取10.0 mL保存(胃0 h样液); 剩余的溶液置于37 ℃恒温摇床中培养1 h后, 调节pH至7.0, 用于肠消化。
模拟肠消化: 取18.00 mL上面已预先调节pH=7.0的胃消化液(1 h), 按比例1:2 (V:V)加入36 mL预先配制好的肠液, 将pH调节至7.0, 取5个10 mL的具塞试管, 编号为0~4, 然后分别取10 mL肠消化液至已做标记的具塞试管中, 置于37 ℃恒温摇床中培养, 隔1 h取出1管(共5管), 作为0~4 h之内每小时的消化样液; 空白对照: 以不含胃液和肠液的样品溶液, 按上述操作步骤进行模拟胃肠消化, 按时取样; 为了保证橄榄多酚的稳定性以及抑制胰蛋白酶活性, 每取出一管消化液, 均用2.0 mol/L HCl调节样品pH至2.0。
将不同消化阶段以及不同样品的样液分别在4000 r/min下离心10 min, 将上清液取出, 放入‒20 ℃的冰柜中储存备用。
参考文献[12,18-19]方法: 以没食子酸为标准品, 取5只试管(15 mL), 编号1~5, 取5.0 mL 0.1 mol/L的福林酚试剂加入已标记好的试管中后, 取1.0 mL配制好的标准溶液分别加入盛有福林酚试剂的试管中, 摇匀后静置反应6 min, 随后加入4.0 mL体积分数为7.5%的Na2CO3, 摇匀、在避光的环境下放置60 min后, 测定样品在765 nm处的吸光度; 将得到的数据绘制成标准曲线; 用上述的方法, 测定经胃肠消化的样品的吸光度值, 最后根据标准曲线得出的方程, 以没食子酸为标准品, 计算出样品中的总酚含量, 结果以每克多酚提取物(以干基计)所含的没食子酸当量(gallic acid equivalent, GAE)的毫克数表示。
(1) ABTS+自由基清除能力的测定
参照文献[20-22]的方法: 将2.45 mmol/L过硫酸钾溶液与7 mmol/L ABTS+自由基溶液按体积比1:2混合, 以黑暗常温的环境为前提条件下静置反应15 h后, 制得ABTS+自由基储备液, 用去离子水将其稀释, 然后在734 nm波长处的吸光度值, 使其吸光值的波动范围为0.70±0.02, 即得到ABTS+自由基反应液, 量取0.1 mL的经胃肠消化后的各样液分别与2.9 mL ABTS+自由基反应液混合后, 在黑暗室温的条件下反应10 min, 最后在波长为734 nm下测定待测液的吸光度(AS), 用去0.1 mL去离子水代替样液, 重复上述步骤, 得到空白对照溶液的吸光度(Ab)。每个样品重复测量3次, 则样品对ABTS+自由基清除能力按公式(1)计算。
ABTS+自由基清除率/%=(1-As/Ab)×100%
(2) DPPH自由基清除能力的测定
参照文献[23]方法: 待测溶液的吸光度(AT): 向样品管中加入1.0 mL待测样液和2.0 mL 48 mg/L DPPH自由基溶液后, 将溶液摇匀, 在避光的条件下静置反应30 min, 在波长为517 nm下测定吸光值; 初始溶液的吸光度(A0): 向空白管中加入1.0 mL无水乙醇和2.0 mL DPPH溶液, 将溶液摇匀, 在上述条件下反应30 mim, 测定其吸光值; 参比溶液的吸光度(Ar): 向待测样品管中加入2.0 mL无水乙醇待和测样液1.0 mL, 重复以上操作。测定其吸光度值; DPPH自由基清除能力按计算(2)公式计算。
DPPH自由基清除率/%=[1-(AT-Ar)/A0]×100%
(3)羟自由基清除能力的测定
参照文献[24]方法: 在比色管中分别加入2.0 mL 1.8 mmol/L的硫酸亚铁溶液、1.5 mL 1.8 mmol/L水杨酸-乙醇溶液1.5 mL和待测液1 mL混合均匀后, 再将0.1 mL 0.03% H2O2溶液加入比色管中, 然后将溶液摇匀后, 在37 ℃的条件下水浴加热30 min, 在波长为510 nm处测吸光度A1; 用蒸馏水代替待测液, 按以上相同步骤操作后, 测定其吸光度A2; 用蒸馏水取代待测液和H2O2溶液, 按以上相同方法操作测量其吸光度A3, 每个样品均重复3次。羟自由基清除能力按计算(3)公式计算。
羟自由基清除率/%=(A1-A2)/(A3-A2)×100%
(4)超氧阴离子自由基清除能力的测定
参照文献[25]的方法: 取4.5 mL Tris-HCl缓冲溶液放入试管中, 先在25 ℃水浴中放置20 min后, 取出, 再分别加入1 mL的待测液和0.4 mL 25 mmol/L的邻苯三酚溶液, 混合均匀后, 再次放入在25 ℃水浴中让其反应5 min, 最后加入1 mL 10 mmol/L的HCl溶液让反应停止, 在波长为420 nm处测定吸光度A10, 空白用蒸馏水代替待测液, 测定吸光度A20。每个样品设3个平行, 均重复测量3次。超氧阴离子自由基清除能力按计算(4)公式计算。
超氧阴离子自由基清除率/%=(A20-A10)/A20×100%
每个数据重复3次, 将实验数据采用Excel 2010软件进行处理并绘图, 应用SPSS 27.0软件对数据进行显著性差异分析。
采用Folin-Ciocalteu法测定5个样品中的总酚含量, 标准线性方程为Y=0.1736X+0.0102, r2=0.9986。式中: Y为没食子酸的吸光度; X为没食子酸的质量浓度, μg/mL。根据得到的线性方程, 计算5个样品在不同的消化阶段中的总酚含量。
5个样品在未消化、经胃肠消化的多酚含量变化趋势如图1所示。未消化的样品中总酚含量最高。经过胃消化, 5个样品的多酚含量呈显著性增长趋势(胃0 h与1 h相比, P<0.05)与文献[26]报道一致, 这可能是因为胃蛋白酶作用于结合态多酚的共价键, 促进了多酚的释放; 在肠消化过程中(肠0 h与肠4 h相比, P<0.05), 提取液、甜橄榄及甘草橄榄的多酚含量显著增加, 这可能是胆汁及胰酶促进了橄榄中多酚物质的释出, 而新鲜橄榄和盐津橄榄其他样品则呈降低趋势(P<0.05), 可能与盐浓度升高作用时间长导致橄榄多酚的降解有关。
图2所示, 在胃消化阶段, 5个样品对ABTS+自由基的清除率均表现最好(P<0.05), 甚至显著高于未消化阶段, 这是因为胃消化阶段的pH=2.0为强酸性, 除有利于橄榄多酚的释放, 还有利于橄榄内其他抗氧化物质的释放, 如黄酮等。肠消化阶段的pH>7.0, 在弱碱性环境下, 可能会导致抗氧化物质发生降解或者会改变多酚类物质的结构从而降低其抗氧化活性[27]。另外, 通过图2还可以发现在肠消化阶段, 5个样品对ABTS+自由基的清除能力与其多酚含量变化趋势不一致, 据彭梦雪等[28]研究结果指出在肠消化阶段酚类物质和抗氧化活性相关性较弱(r=-0.47~0.47, P<0.05), 所以在肠消化阶段多酚含量的大小并不能完全代表抗氧化性的强弱。
图3所示, 在胃消化阶段, 5 个样品对DPPH自由基的清除率均高于未消化时, 这是因为高酸性促进了抗氧化物质的释放; 橄榄多酚提取液、新鲜橄榄和甜橄榄对DPPH自由基的清除能力显著性增强(胃0 h和1 h相比, P<0.05), 与各自的多酚含量变化趋势一致, 而盐津橄榄和甘草橄榄对DPPH自由基的清除能力显著性降低(P<0.05), 可能是由于这两个样品里食盐含量高抑制了其对DPPH自由基的清除能力。在肠消化阶段, 肠消化4 h时, 除甘草橄榄, 其余4个样品对DPPH自由基的清除率均最低, 这与闫亚茹等[29]的研究结果一致; 甘草橄榄在肠消化4 h时对DPPH自由基的清除率最高, 可能与其配料甘草有关[30]; 新鲜橄榄与盐津橄榄除了在肠消化4 h时对DPPH自由基的清除能力低于未消化, 其余消化时间段都高于未消化, 可能是因为此时是消化的最后阶段, 反应体系中胰蛋白酶活性的降低, 从而使多酚释放量减少, 导致对DPPH自由基的清除能力下降; 甜橄榄在肠消化4 h时对DPPH自由基的清除能力低于未消化, 可能是随着消化时间的延长, 其中存在的防腐剂山梨酸钾抑制了其抗氧化性[30]
图4中可以看出, 与其他3个样品相比, 多酚提取液和新鲜橄榄在整个消化阶段对羟自由基的清除能力均低于其余样品, 且在肠消化阶段的清除能力均强于胃消化阶段, 从彦丽等[31]研究中可以知道, 这是由于羟自由基与生物体内的活性分子发生相互作用需要通过加成、脱氢以及电子转移等方式, 而胃消化液的pH=2.0, 属于强酸环境, 在此环境下影响了羟自由基与生物体内的活性物质之间的相互作用, 从而削弱了在胃消化阶段活性成分对羟自由基的清除作用; 其余3个样品可能是由于是经加工后可直接食用的食品, 里面添加了柠檬酸、山梨酸钾等添加剂, 甘草橄榄添加了甘草等成分, 甘草里含有的黄酮和甘草多糖以及柠檬酸等有机酸[30]成分会增强其抗氧化性, 所以体现出了其对羟自由基的清除能力比提取物和新鲜橄榄好。
图5所示, 5个样品对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力呈现差异性变化。橄榄多酚提取液在胃消化阶段, 随着消化时间的延长, 清除能力增强; 在肠消化0 h时达到最大值且均强于未消化, 随着肠消化时间延长, 清除能力逐渐减弱, 在肠4 h以后 清除能力低于未消化, 可能是因为此时是消化的最后阶段, 反应体系中的多酚发生了氧化进而转化成其他物质(比如醌); 新鲜橄榄在胃消化阶段, 随着胃消化时间延长, 清除能力下降, 在胃消化0 h时达到最大值, 在肠消化阶段, 随着消化时间的延长, 清除能力逐渐减低, 但均强于未消化, 说明通过胃肠消化增强了新鲜橄榄对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力; 由于甜橄榄、盐津橄榄、甘草橄榄是市面上销售的经过加工的直接食用的橄榄产品, 里面含有山梨酸钾、蔗糖、食用盐、甘草等成分, 所以这3个样品对于超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力没有与含量表现出一定的变化规律, 这是因为山梨酸钾[32]、蔗糖及食盐[33]对超氧阴离子自由基的影响较为复杂, 其作用机制与浓度、抗氧化体系组成及相关酶等密切相关。
本研究系统研究5种橄榄样品(多酚提取液、新鲜橄榄及3种市售加工橄榄)在体外模拟消化过程中的多酚释放特性与抗氧化活性动态变化。结果表明: 所有样品在胃消化阶段(pH=2.0)的多酚含量均显著增加, 证实胃蛋白酶能有效促进结合态多酚的释放; 肠消化阶段则呈现样品特异性差异, 提取液、甜橄榄及甘草橄榄的多酚含量进一步上升(P<0.05), 而新鲜橄榄和盐津橄榄则显著降低(P<0.05), 这一现象可能与高盐环境导致的酚类降解有关; 由于市售橄榄含有山梨酸钾、蔗糖、食用盐、甘草等成分[31-33], 从而表现出不同于天然样品的自由基清除能力。不同自由基(DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基)的清除效率呈现明显的阶段依赖性和样品特异性; 在胃消化阶段, ABTS+自由基清除能力最优, 而羟自由基清除能力则以肠阶段更为突出。对这种样品之间的差异深入分析发现, 消化环境与样品特性的交互作用是影响抗氧化活性的关键因素。胃部的强酸性环境可以促进多酚的释放, 但也可能抑制某些自由基反应; 而肠道的碱性环境加速了多酚的转化, 但这种转化并非单纯的活性损失, 某些酚类物质(羟基酪醇)在胆汁酸盐作用下反而表现出增强的抗氧化能力[27], 这为橄榄制品开发指明方向。未来可采用液相色谱-质谱法(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, LC-MS)、气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)等方法解析多酚转化路径, 建立加工参数与活性量化模型, 开发细胞水平评价体系, 并通过动物实验验证体外结果, 为橄榄产品的营养功能评价提供更全面依据。
  • 福建省科技计划项目(2023N0015)
  • 漳州市自然科学基金项目(ZZ2024J39)
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2025年第16卷第16期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250409002
  • 接收时间:2025-04-09
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-09
基金
福建省科技计划项目(2023N0015)
漳州市自然科学基金项目(ZZ2024J39)
作者信息
    1 闽南师范大学菌物产业工程技术中心, 漳州 363000
    2 闽南师范大学生物科学与技术学院, 漳州 363000

通讯作者:

* 李凤霞(1978—), 女, 硕士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品质量控制、功能性食品的研制与开发。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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