Article(id=1217845644589450117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250331002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743350400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768286628147, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768286628147, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768286628147, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768286628147, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217845635080962613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768286625881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768287480278, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=268, endPage=278, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217845646179091380, articleId=1217845644589450117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Response surface-artificial neural networks optimized ultrasonic extraction process of dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis grossedentata and content analysis, columnId=1151895321719223288, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Processing and Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To optimize the ultrasonic extraction process of dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis grossedentata using artificial neural networks combined with response surface methodology. Methods The stems and leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata were used as the research material. An ultrasonic extraction system for dihydromyricetin was established, and the process parameters were systematically optimized using a combination of single-factor experiments, response surface methodology and artificial neural network models optimized by genetic algorithms. The extraction yields of dihydromyricetin from different parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata were then analyzed under optimal conditions. Results The artificial neural network model exhibited superior accuracy and predictive capability in comparison to the response surface methodology. The optimal extraction conditions were determined to be an ultrasonic power of 360 W, a temperature of 42 ℃, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 20:1 (mL:g), and an extraction time of 35 min. Under these conditions, the actual extraction yield of dihydromyricetin was (39.83±0.01)%, with a relative error of only 0.36% compared to the artificial neural network-predicted value of 40.19%. Furthermore, the extraction yield of dihydromyricetin from various parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata under optimal ultrasonic conditions followed the sequence: Stems and leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata>branches of Ampelopsis grossedentata>pruned branches of Ampelopsis grossedentata. Conclusion This study successfully optimizes the ultrasonic extraction process to enhance the extraction efficiency of dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis grossedentata and reveals significant differences in dihydromyricetin extraction yields among different parts of the plant.

, correspAuthors=Long-Chen SHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kai-Xuan CHENG, Yang SUN, Bo-Wen LIU, Yu KANG, Chi ZHANG, Shuai CHEN, Long-Chen SHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217845650226593984, articleId=1217845644589450117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=响应面-人工神经网络优化藤茶二氢杨梅素超声提取工艺及含量分析, columnId=1151895322281734685, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品加工与工艺, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 基于人工神经网络和响应面模型优化超声提取藤茶中二氢杨梅素的工艺。方法 以藤茶茎叶为研究对象, 建立超声提取二氢杨梅素体系, 联合单因素实验、响应面法与遗传算法优化的人工神经网络模型, 系统优化工艺参数, 并利用最优工艺对藤茶不同部位提取液中二氢杨梅素的含量进行分析。结果 人工神经网络模型具有更高的准确性和预测能力, 最佳工艺条件为: 超声功率360 W、超声温度42 ℃、液料比20:1 (mL:g)、超声时间35 min。此时二氢杨梅素实际提取率达(39.83±0.01)%, 与神经网络模型预测值(40.19%)的相对误差仅为0.36%。同时, 在最优超声条件下, 藤茶不同部位提取液中二氢杨梅素的提取率为: 藤茶茎叶>藤茶梗>藤茶剪枝。结论 本研究通过优化超声提取工艺, 提高二氢杨梅素的提取效率, 并揭示藤茶不同部位提取液的二氢杨梅素提取率存在显著差异。

, correspAuthors=商龙臣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 商龙臣(1990—), 男, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品胶体与营养。E-mail:
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程凯旋(1999—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为天然产物活性与功能评价。E-mail:

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程凯旋(1999—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为天然产物活性与功能评价。E-mail:

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Química Nova, 2015, 38: 1219-1225., articleTitle=Detection and quantification of phytochemical markers of Ilex paraguariensis by liquid chromatography, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217883328116610042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, awardId=2023BBB005, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省重点研发计划项目(2023BBB005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217883328183718908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, awardId=2024AFD079, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省自然科学基金联合基金项目(2024AFD079), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217883319904162559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217883319912551167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, companyId=1217883319904162559, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Biology and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217883319916745473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, companyId=1217883319904162559, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 湖北民族大学生物与食品工程学院, 恩施 445000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217883319983854339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217883319992242947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, companyId=1217883319983854339, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217883319996437253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, companyId=1217883319983854339, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院, 恩施 445000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217883320063546122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217883320071934732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, companyId=1217883320063546122, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217883320076129037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, companyId=1217883320063546122, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 武汉大学公共健康学院, 武汉 430071)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217883324052329366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Ultraviolet spectrum of DHM standard and Ampelopsis grossedentata extract, figureFileSmall=MHZpw0H9HYOLtvQfZFIuuw==, figureFileBig=etQToY7B/R29h9BZ30Lsjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883324127826842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=图1, caption=DHM标准品和藤茶提取液的紫外光谱, figureFileSmall=MHZpw0H9HYOLtvQfZFIuuw==, figureFileBig=etQToY7B/R29h9BZ30Lsjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883324203324317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=HPLC chromatograms of DHM standard and Ampelopsis grossedentata extract, figureFileSmall=xKNrESFlwQh7h+MqhhGDYQ==, figureFileBig=XsZEUIr0UMyleLhFrFkJrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883324287210400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=图2, caption=DHM标准品和藤茶提取液的HPLC色谱图, figureFileSmall=xKNrESFlwQh7h+MqhhGDYQ==, figureFileBig=XsZEUIr0UMyleLhFrFkJrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883324379485091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different solvents on the extraction rates of DHM from Ampelopsis grossedentata, figureFileSmall=wjQKNhrsnO7QppjH7W408w==, figureFileBig=v4Kkx1ZHtcn/8h1F+4Jkqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883324484342693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同溶剂对藤茶中DHM提取率的影响

注: 不同小写字母表示具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 图4同。

, figureFileSmall=wjQKNhrsnO7QppjH7W408w==, figureFileBig=v4Kkx1ZHtcn/8h1F+4Jkqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883324543062952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of single factor on the extraction rates of DHM in Ampelopsis grossedentata, figureFileSmall=JME+qRMLyD0SISOiVCG/1g==, figureFileBig=ndw6bSMjATfMS779YRCYzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883324597588905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=图4, caption=单因素对藤茶中DHM提取率的影响, figureFileSmall=JME+qRMLyD0SISOiVCG/1g==, figureFileBig=ndw6bSMjATfMS779YRCYzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883324681474986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Normal probability plot, relation between actual and predicted values, figureFileSmall=Bo97FylflouY4eqyn4gVvw==, figureFileBig=/PJgFPGtIHYPlkVsMR0eWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883324769555372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=图5, caption=正态概率分布图与实际值和预测值关系图, figureFileSmall=Bo97FylflouY4eqyn4gVvw==, figureFileBig=/PJgFPGtIHYPlkVsMR0eWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883324866024368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Analysis plot of RSM, figureFileSmall=whppJdwg8JXqJfK+X1VO4A==, figureFileBig=DQEyq7cdiK4yU3i80RaE2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883324958299057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=图6, caption=RSM分析图, figureFileSmall=whppJdwg8JXqJfK+X1VO4A==, figureFileBig=DQEyq7cdiK4yU3i80RaE2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883325071545268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Fitting curves for the training, validation, testing and entire dataset, figureFileSmall=Rucbrpj8hnP1x2uqNAYfwA==, figureFileBig=73ctmMndpR1mVIS6+su8ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883325147042741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=图7, caption=训练、验证、测试和全部数据集的拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=Rucbrpj8hnP1x2uqNAYfwA==, figureFileBig=73ctmMndpR1mVIS6+su8ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883325205762998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Iterative change curve of population fitness values (DHM extraction rate), figureFileSmall=gh+biY/qNIv509jBMNRoYA==, figureFileBig=JwPlPQ++uU6BA5FWAMPUyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883325256094648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=图8, caption=种群适应度值(DHM提取率)迭代变化曲线, figureFileSmall=gh+biY/qNIv509jBMNRoYA==, figureFileBig=JwPlPQ++uU6BA5FWAMPUyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883325306426298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Comparison of predicted and experimental values of RSM and ANN, figureFileSmall=n5Sg9HUZjh2JmccBzoMwsg==, figureFileBig=CNVyPFbOcYlUqm5HrLM+JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883325386118078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=图9, caption=RSM和ANN的预测值与实验值的对比, figureFileSmall=n5Sg9HUZjh2JmccBzoMwsg==, figureFileBig=CNVyPFbOcYlUqm5HrLM+JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883325440644033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=HPLC chromatograms of DHM in different parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata, figureFileSmall=Wx0M2TAnmUB00JO13d7kzw==, figureFileBig=V0ar6hAN6shXSEZ6ZPe/2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883325528724420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=图10, caption=藤茶不同部位的DHM的HPLC图谱, figureFileSmall=Wx0M2TAnmUB00JO13d7kzw==, figureFileBig=V0ar6hAN6shXSEZ6ZPe/2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883325641970631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

HPLC gradient elution program for the characteristic spectrum of DHM

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0~20 20→30 80→70
20~40 30→45 70→55
40~48 45→65 55→35
48~50 65→20 35→80
50~60 20 80
), ArticleFig(id=1217883325709079499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

DHM特征图谱HPLC梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0~20 20→30 80→70
20~40 30→45 70→55
40~48 45→65 55→35
48~50 65→20 35→80
50~60 20 80
), ArticleFig(id=1217883325792965582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Level setting table for single factor experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A/W B/℃ C (mL:g) D/min
1 240 20 10:1 10
2 300 30 15:1 20
3 360 40 20:1 30
4 420 50 25:1 40
5 480 60 30:1 50
6 540 70 35:1 60
7 600 80 / 70
), ArticleFig(id=1217883325872657361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

单因素实验水平设定表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A/W B/℃ C (mL:g) D/min
1 240 20 10:1 10
2 300 30 15:1 20
3 360 40 20:1 30
4 420 50 25:1 40
5 480 60 30:1 50
6 540 70 35:1 60
7 600 80 / 70
), ArticleFig(id=1217883325935571925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Experimental design and results of the Box-Behnken design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 因素 DHM提取率/%
A/W B/℃ C (mL:g) D/min 真实值 预测值
1 360 30 15 40 27.36 27.67
2 360 30 25 40 25.78 26.28
3 420 40 20 50 22.89 23.63
4 360 30 20 50 24.35 24.25
5 420 40 20 30 30.37 30.15
6 360 40 20 40 38.78 38.90
7 300 40 15 40 30.68 30.54
8 360 40 25 50 28.21 26.90
9 420 50 20 40 28.12 27.92
10 300 30 20 40 25.14 25.08
11 360 30 20 30 30.86 30.42
12 360 50 15 40 31.40 30.89
13 360 50 20 30 33.60 33.95
14 360 50 25 40 30.96 30.65
15 420 30 20 40 25.73 25.49
16 420 40 25 40 28.37 28.76
17 300 50 20 40 30.27 30.25
18 360 40 20 40 38.63 38.90
19 360 40 20 40 38.46 38.90
20 360 40 15 30 32.56 33.62
21 360 40 20 40 39.08 38.90
22 420 40 15 40 24.77 24.30
23 360 50 20 50 27.63 28.32
24 360 40 20 40 39.54 38.90
25 360 40 25 30 30.40 30.39
26 300 40 25 40 23.71 24.44
27 360 40 15 50 25.55 25.31
28 300 40 20 30 31.23 30.49
29 300 40 20 50 24.99 25.21
), ArticleFig(id=1217883326015263704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Box-Behnken实验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 因素 DHM提取率/%
A/W B/℃ C (mL:g) D/min 真实值 预测值
1 360 30 15 40 27.36 27.67
2 360 30 25 40 25.78 26.28
3 420 40 20 50 22.89 23.63
4 360 30 20 50 24.35 24.25
5 420 40 20 30 30.37 30.15
6 360 40 20 40 38.78 38.90
7 300 40 15 40 30.68 30.54
8 360 40 25 50 28.21 26.90
9 420 50 20 40 28.12 27.92
10 300 30 20 40 25.14 25.08
11 360 30 20 30 30.86 30.42
12 360 50 15 40 31.40 30.89
13 360 50 20 30 33.60 33.95
14 360 50 25 40 30.96 30.65
15 420 30 20 40 25.73 25.49
16 420 40 25 40 28.37 28.76
17 300 50 20 40 30.27 30.25
18 360 40 20 40 38.63 38.90
19 360 40 20 40 38.46 38.90
20 360 40 15 30 32.56 33.62
21 360 40 20 40 39.08 38.90
22 420 40 15 40 24.77 24.30
23 360 50 20 50 27.63 28.32
24 360 40 20 40 39.54 38.90
25 360 40 25 30 30.40 30.39
26 300 40 25 40 23.71 24.44
27 360 40 15 50 25.55 25.31
28 300 40 20 30 31.23 30.49
29 300 40 20 50 24.99 25.21
), ArticleFig(id=1217883326086566876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of the variance analysis for the regression equation of DHM extraction rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源 离差平方和 自由度 均方 F P 显著性
模型 690.86 14 49.35 94.17 <0.0001 **
A 2.77 1 2.77 5.28 0.0375 *
B 43.17 1 43.17 82.39 <0.0001 **
C 2.01 1 2.01 3.83 0.0706
D 104.47 1 104.47 199.37 <0.0001 **
AB 1.88 1 1.88 3.58 0.0794
AC 27.88 1 27.88 53.21 <0.0001 **
AD 0.3805 1 0.3805 0.7261 0.4085
BC 0.3291 1 0.3291 0.628 0.4413
BD 0.0737 1 0.0737 0.1406 0.7133
CD 5.82 1 5.82 11.1 0.0049 **
A2 298.97 1 298.97 570.53 <0.0001 **
B2 157.21 1 157.21 300.01 <0.0001 **
C2 168.84 1 168.84 322.21 <0.0001 **
D2 145.8 1 145.8 278.24 <0.0001 **
残差 7.34 14 0.524
失拟项 6.61 10 0.6609 3.63 0.1126
纯误差 0.7274 4 0.1818
总和 698.19 28
R2 调整后的R2 预测R2 标准差
0.9790 0.9439 0.7239
), ArticleFig(id=1217883326162064351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

DHM提取率回归方程的方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源 离差平方和 自由度 均方 F P 显著性
模型 690.86 14 49.35 94.17 <0.0001 **
A 2.77 1 2.77 5.28 0.0375 *
B 43.17 1 43.17 82.39 <0.0001 **
C 2.01 1 2.01 3.83 0.0706
D 104.47 1 104.47 199.37 <0.0001 **
AB 1.88 1 1.88 3.58 0.0794
AC 27.88 1 27.88 53.21 <0.0001 **
AD 0.3805 1 0.3805 0.7261 0.4085
BC 0.3291 1 0.3291 0.628 0.4413
BD 0.0737 1 0.0737 0.1406 0.7133
CD 5.82 1 5.82 11.1 0.0049 **
A2 298.97 1 298.97 570.53 <0.0001 **
B2 157.21 1 157.21 300.01 <0.0001 **
C2 168.84 1 168.84 322.21 <0.0001 **
D2 145.8 1 145.8 278.24 <0.0001 **
残差 7.34 14 0.524
失拟项 6.61 10 0.6609 3.63 0.1126
纯误差 0.7274 4 0.1818
总和 698.19 28
R2 调整后的R2 预测R2 标准差
0.9790 0.9439 0.7239
), ArticleFig(id=1217883326262727652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Training results of different neuron BP ANN

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
网络拓扑结构 MSE 迭代次数 网络拓扑结构 MSE 迭代次数
4×4×1 2.18789×10-1 20 4×8×1 6.06271×10-2 7
4×5×1 2.05582×10-1 18 4×9×1 9.42597×10-2 11
4×6×1 1.82885×10-1 11 4×10×1 1.03017×10-1 7
4×7×1 1.66155×10-1 14 4×11×1 1.17238×10-1 7
), ArticleFig(id=1217883326329836518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同神经元BP ANN的训练结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
网络拓扑结构 MSE 迭代次数 网络拓扑结构 MSE 迭代次数
4×4×1 2.18789×10-1 20 4×8×1 6.06271×10-2 7
4×5×1 2.05582×10-1 18 4×9×1 9.42597×10-2 11
4×6×1 1.82885×10-1 11 4×10×1 1.03017×10-1 7
4×7×1 1.66155×10-1 14 4×11×1 1.17238×10-1 7
), ArticleFig(id=1217883326434694123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of evaluation parameters between RSM and ANN models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型 R2 RMSE AAD SEP
RSM 0.9895 0.5065 0.4058 0.5150
ANN 0.9981 0.2165 0.1613 0.2203
), ArticleFig(id=1217883326497608683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

RSM和ANN模型评估参数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型 R2 RMSE AAD SEP
RSM 0.9895 0.5065 0.4058 0.5150
ANN 0.9981 0.2165 0.1613 0.2203
), ArticleFig(id=1217883326568911855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of 2 kinds of models under the optimal conditions for prediction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型 因素 DHM提取率/%
A/W B/℃ C (mL:g) D/min 预测值 真实值
RSM 356 41 20:1 37 39.55 38.39±0.33
ANN 360 42 20:1 35 40.19 39.83±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1217883326627632113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

两种模型预测最优条件下的对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型 因素 DHM提取率/%
A/W B/℃ C (mL:g) D/min 预测值 真实值
RSM 356 41 20:1 37 39.55 38.39±0.33
ANN 360 42 20:1 35 40.19 39.83±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1217883327911089138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Detection of DHM content and purity of extracts from different parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata by HPLC

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 名称 DHM提取率/% DHM纯度/%
1 藤茶茎叶 44.65±1.09 92.75±9.16
2 藤茶梗 22.89±1.21 97.22±0.86
3 藤茶剪枝 1.26±0.03 43.07±3.29
), ArticleFig(id=1217883327978198005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845644589450117, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

HPLC检测藤茶不同部位提取液的DHM含量和纯度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 名称 DHM提取率/% DHM纯度/%
1 藤茶茎叶 44.65±1.09 92.75±9.16
2 藤茶梗 22.89±1.21 97.22±0.86
3 藤茶剪枝 1.26±0.03 43.07±3.29
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响应面-人工神经网络优化藤茶二氢杨梅素超声提取工艺及含量分析
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程凯旋 1 , 孙洋 1 , 刘博文 1 , 康宇 2 , 张驰 1 , 陈帅 3 , 商龙臣 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品加工与工艺 2025,16(16): 268-278
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品加工与工艺 2025, 16(16): 268-278
响应面-人工神经网络优化藤茶二氢杨梅素超声提取工艺及含量分析
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程凯旋1 , 孙洋1, 刘博文1, 康宇2, 张驰1, 陈帅3, 商龙臣1, *
作者信息
  • 1 湖北民族大学生物与食品工程学院, 恩施 445000
  • 2 恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院, 恩施 445000
  • 3 武汉大学公共健康学院, 武汉 430071
  • 程凯旋(1999—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为天然产物活性与功能评价。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 商龙臣(1990—), 男, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品胶体与营养。E-mail:
Response surface-artificial neural networks optimized ultrasonic extraction process of dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis grossedentata and content analysis
Kai-Xuan CHENG1 , Yang SUN1, Bo-Wen LIU1, Yu KANG2, Chi ZHANG1, Shuai CHEN3, Long-Chen SHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Biology and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
  • 2 Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
  • 3 School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250331002
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目的 基于人工神经网络和响应面模型优化超声提取藤茶中二氢杨梅素的工艺。方法 以藤茶茎叶为研究对象, 建立超声提取二氢杨梅素体系, 联合单因素实验、响应面法与遗传算法优化的人工神经网络模型, 系统优化工艺参数, 并利用最优工艺对藤茶不同部位提取液中二氢杨梅素的含量进行分析。结果 人工神经网络模型具有更高的准确性和预测能力, 最佳工艺条件为: 超声功率360 W、超声温度42 ℃、液料比20:1 (mL:g)、超声时间35 min。此时二氢杨梅素实际提取率达(39.83±0.01)%, 与神经网络模型预测值(40.19%)的相对误差仅为0.36%。同时, 在最优超声条件下, 藤茶不同部位提取液中二氢杨梅素的提取率为: 藤茶茎叶>藤茶梗>藤茶剪枝。结论 本研究通过优化超声提取工艺, 提高二氢杨梅素的提取效率, 并揭示藤茶不同部位提取液的二氢杨梅素提取率存在显著差异。

藤茶  /  二氢杨梅素  /  超声提取  /  响应面法  /  人工神经网络

Objective To optimize the ultrasonic extraction process of dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis grossedentata using artificial neural networks combined with response surface methodology. Methods The stems and leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata were used as the research material. An ultrasonic extraction system for dihydromyricetin was established, and the process parameters were systematically optimized using a combination of single-factor experiments, response surface methodology and artificial neural network models optimized by genetic algorithms. The extraction yields of dihydromyricetin from different parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata were then analyzed under optimal conditions. Results The artificial neural network model exhibited superior accuracy and predictive capability in comparison to the response surface methodology. The optimal extraction conditions were determined to be an ultrasonic power of 360 W, a temperature of 42 ℃, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 20:1 (mL:g), and an extraction time of 35 min. Under these conditions, the actual extraction yield of dihydromyricetin was (39.83±0.01)%, with a relative error of only 0.36% compared to the artificial neural network-predicted value of 40.19%. Furthermore, the extraction yield of dihydromyricetin from various parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata under optimal ultrasonic conditions followed the sequence: Stems and leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata>branches of Ampelopsis grossedentata>pruned branches of Ampelopsis grossedentata. Conclusion This study successfully optimizes the ultrasonic extraction process to enhance the extraction efficiency of dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis grossedentata and reveals significant differences in dihydromyricetin extraction yields among different parts of the plant.

Ampelopsis grossedentata  /  dihydromyricetin  /  ultrasound extraction  /  response surface methodology  /  artificial neural networks
程凯旋, 孙洋, 刘博文, 康宇, 张驰, 陈帅, 商龙臣. 响应面-人工神经网络优化藤茶二氢杨梅素超声提取工艺及含量分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (16) : 268 -278 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250331002
Kai-Xuan CHENG, Yang SUN, Bo-Wen LIU, Yu KANG, Chi ZHANG, Shuai CHEN, Long-Chen SHANG. Response surface-artificial neural networks optimized ultrasonic extraction process of dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis grossedentata and content analysis[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (16) : 268 -278 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250331002
藤茶(Ampelopsis grossedentata)是显齿蛇葡萄提取的一种传统的药食两用植物[1], 数百年来被广泛用于治疗咳嗽、发烧呕吐、黄疸型肝炎、慢性肾炎等多种疾病[2]。二氢杨梅素(dihydromyricetin, DHM)作为藤茶中最为关键的一种二氢黄酮醇类化合物, 其含量通常可达30%~40%[3]。DHM常作为抗氧化剂、抗菌剂、抗病毒剂及抗癌药物使用, 对癌症、糖尿病、肥胖等慢性疾病也展现出了一定的治疗潜力[4]
DHM的传统提取方法(如有机溶剂法)仍然是工业生产DHM的常用方法。然而, 这些方法存在一些缺点, 如大多数有机溶剂易燃和环境不友好的特征使提取受到限制[5]。因此近年来, 超声辅助提取作为一种高效、绿色、低能耗的提取技术, 在植物活性成分的提取中具有显著优势[6]。然而, 超声提取工艺参数(如提取时间、超声功率、提取温度等)对提取效率有显著影响, 需要进行进一步的优化。在工艺优化方法方面, 人工神经网络(artificial neural network, ANN)和响应面法(response surface methodology, RSM)是两种常用且有效的手段。RSM是通过实验数据的回归分析, 构建输入变量(因素)与输出响应(结果)之间的函数关系(响应面模型), 并利用该模型预测和优化工艺参数[7]。然而, 该方法存在不足, 如实验各因素和水平选取不当会影响优化结果, 且无法进行非连续变量优化。ANN则是一种模仿生物神经系统结构和功能的算法模型, 由大量相互连接的“神经元”(处理单元)组成, 通过调整神经元之间的连接权值来学习数据中的复杂关系[8]。具有强大的非线性映射能力和自适应学习能力, 能够处理复杂的非线性关系, 对实验数据进行准确拟合和预测, 从而为优化工艺参数提供有力支持[9]。本研究旨在通过对比ANN和RSM, 优化超声提取藤茶中DHM的工艺参数。通过建立和比较两种模型, 确定最优的提取条件, 提高DHM的提取效率, 同时使用最佳工艺比较不同部位藤茶提取液中DHM提取率的差异。本研究为藤茶资源的高效利用及工业的标准化生产提供了一定的实验依据和思路, 也为ANN模型在提取DHM工艺优化中的应用提供了参考。这不仅有助于提高藤茶的利用价值, 还为其他天然产物的提取工艺优化提供了参考。
藤茶: 产地为湖北省恩施州来凤县。
DHM分析标准品(纯度≥98%, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 无水乙醇、三氯化铝、石油醚(分析纯)、磷酸、甲醇(色谱纯)(国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 二氧化硒(分析纯, 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司)。
CARY300Conc紫外可见分光光度计(美国Varina公司); SB25-12DTD超声波清洗机(宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司); UltiMate300高效液相色谱仪(赛默飞世尔科技中国有限公司); BSA224S分析天平(精度0.1 mg, 赛多利斯莱珀思上海贸易有限公司); WK-1000A摇摆式粉碎机(上海新诺仪器设备有限公司); TG16-WS台式高速离心机(湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司); XH-C旋涡混合器(佑琪安上海科学仪器有限公司); Ultimate®XB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm, 月旭科技上海股份有限公司)。
将干燥处理后的叶片, 利用粉碎机将其粉碎至粉末状态, 随后采用60目筛进行筛分, 收集细粉置于自封袋中密封保存。在进行后续分析之前, 将装有粉末样品的自封袋存放于4 ℃的冰箱环境中, 以维持样品的稳定性和完整性, 确保其在分析前不受外界因素干扰。
准确称量25.0 g经干燥处理后的藤茶粉末, 置于500 mL锥形瓶中, 加入250 mL沸程为60~90 ℃的石油醚, 进行脱脂处理。脱脂完成后, 将藤茶粉末平铺放置在通风橱中, 自然挥发24 h, 确认石油醚完全挥发后, 将脱脂后的藤茶密封置于4 ℃冰箱中保存。回收的石油醚经适当处理后可重复使用[10]
准确称取DHM标准品10 mg, 用95%乙醇溶解并定容至200 mL, 制备成质量浓度为50 mg/mL的DHM标准溶液。取脱脂后的藤茶粉末0.1 g, 用95%乙醇溶液溶解并定容至50 mL。在超声功率240 W、温度40 ℃的条件下超声提取30 min, 得到藤茶提取液。取标准溶液1 mL和藤茶提取液0.2 mL, 分别加入5%三氯化铝溶液3 mL, 用95%乙醇定容至10 mL, 摇匀后放置40 min。以95%乙醇为空白, 在250~350 nm范围内扫描, 选取二者共同的最大吸收波长[11]
精密称量DHM标准品5.2 mg(精确至0.1 mg), 用95%乙醇溶液溶解并定容至50 mL, 涡旋混匀后制备成DHM标准品原液。分别配制质量浓度为0.0025、0.0050、0.0075、0.0100、0.0125 mg/mL的标准系列溶液, 加入3 mL三氯化铝显色剂(5%), 用同浓度乙醇溶液补足至刻度线, 充分振荡后避光静置40 min。使用紫外分光光度计在310 nm处测定各溶液的吸光度值。以DHM质量浓度为横坐标(X, mg/mL), 对应吸光度值为纵坐标(Y), 进行线性回归分析[12]
根据《中国药典》2020年版四部通则0512, 采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)测定DHM的特征图谱。检测波长设定为290 nm。使用Ultimate®XB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)。流动相A相为甲醇, 流动相B为0.1%磷酸溶液, 按照表1中的程序进行梯度洗脱。流速为0.6 mL/min, 柱温为25 ℃。
精密称定DHM标准品加入甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(60:40, V:V), 制备质量浓度为100 µg/mL的DHM对照品溶液。其次, 取藤茶样品粉末0.5 g置于离心管中, 加入50 mL甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(60:40, V:V)后称重。在超声功率300 W, 频率45 kHz下反应30 min, 冷却再称重, 溶剂补足缺失重量, 8000 r/min离心后取上清液备用。进样量为10 μL, 测定即得[13]。与DHM对照品进行对比, 鉴定提取液最大波长下的样品是否为DHM, 对照品峰和参照物峰的相对保留时间不超过±8%, 理论板数>5000, 以确保分析结果的准确性和可靠性。
为了探索超声提取藤茶中DHM的最佳提取工艺条件, 本研究通过前期文献调研及参考文献优化条件, 结合超声仪器参数进行预实验, 筛选出3种常见提取溶剂, 分别为乙醇(55%)、甲醇(80%)和热水(50 ℃)[14], 分别称取1.00 g藤茶粉末9份于离心管中, 分别加入热水、80%甲醇、55%乙醇各20 mL(料液比1:20, g:mL)备用。采用40 kHz, 240 W功率, 40 ℃, 超声提取20 min后。提取结束后, 提取液自然冷却至25 ℃后, 8000 r/min离心15 min作为供试样品, 测定其DHM的提取率[15-16]
确定溶剂后, 以超声功率(A)、超声温度(B)、液料比(C)、超声时间(D)为单因素, 通过依次改变这4个单因素, 分析各因素对DHM提取率的影响[17], 具体条件见表2
具体过程如下:
超声功率的影响: 准确称取DHM 1 g, 用选定的溶剂定容到20 mL, 涡旋混匀。在超声提取过程中, 改变超声功率, 超声温度为40 ℃, 提取时间为30 min。在8000 r/min下离心15 min, 取稀释后的上清液1 mL, 加入3 mL 5%的三氯化铝, 溶剂定容至10 mL, 以相应溶剂作为空白对照, 在最大波长下测定其紫外吸光度, 最后通过DHM的标准曲线计算DHM提取率[18]。B、C、D除水平梯度和取上一单因素的最高提取条件不同外, 其余步骤同上, 每个变量取3个水平进行响应面分析。
在完成单因素探索性实验后, 采用四维三阶响应面(response surface methodology, RSM)实验设计, 系统分析各工艺参数的交互作用及其DHM提取效率的影响权重, 从而构建稳健的工艺参数优化模型。该实验设计以超声功率、超声温度、液料比和超声时间为考察因素, 通过合理安排实验组合, 全面评估各因素间的协同效应, 最终确定优化的提取工艺参数组合, 以实现DHM提取效率的最大化[19]
使用RSM法中的87组数据构建ANN模型[20]。其中70%的数据(61组)用于模型训练, 15%的数据(13组)用于验证, 15%的数据(13组)用于测试。根据RSM模型的结果, 输入层神经元数量为4(超声温度、超声时间、超声功率和液料比), 输出层神经元数量为1 (DHM提取率)。采用单隐藏层网络拓扑结构, 网络结构为4-X-1。通过实验确定隐藏层神经元数量, 隐藏层神经元数量在3到12之间变化, 模型性能评估基于均方误差(mean square error, MSE), 其计算如公式(1):
$\text{MSE}=\frac{\mathop{\sum }_{i=1}^{r}({{n}_{i}}-1){{S}_{i}}}{N-r}$
式中: N为样本数量; r为组数; S为修正方差; Nr为自由度。
将ANN模型作为遗传算法(genetic algorithm, GA)的适应度函数, 以“DHM提取率”作为适应度值, 最大迭代次数、种群规模、交叉率和变异率分别设置为100、50、0.8、0.2。每一代个体依据适应度值持续经历选择、交叉和变异过程, 直至找到最优个体, 并据此预测相应的提取条件[21]
通过计算决定系数(R2)、均方根误差(root mean square error, RMSE)、绝对平均偏差(absolute average deviation, AAD)和球概率误差(spherical error probable, SEP)来评估模型的预测能力[22]。计算如公式(2)~(5):
${{R}^{2}}=\frac{{{\left( \mathop{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}({{Y}_{e}}-\overline{{{Y}_{e}}})({{Y}_{p}}-\overline{{{Y}_{p}}}) \right)}^{2}}}{{{\left( \mathop{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}({{Y}_{e}}-\overline{{{Y}_{e}}})({{Y}_{p}}-\overline{{{Y}_{p}}}) \right)}^{2}}}$
$\text{RMSE}={{\left( \frac{1}{n}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{({{Y}_{p}}-{{Y}_{e}})}^{2}} \right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$
AAD/%=$\frac{1}{n}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathop \sum }}\,\frac{\left| {{Y}_{p}}-{{Y}_{e}} \right|}{\left| {{Y}_{e}} \right|}\times 100 \%$
SEP/%=$\frac{\text{RSME}}{{{Y}_{e}}}\times 100 \% $
式中: n为样本数量; Ye为实验值; Yp为预测值; 变量上方有横线则表示相应变量的均值。
利用Design-Expert ver 13.0设计RSM模型, Matlab R 2016 a构建ANN模型, 通过GraphPad Prism 9.5.0进行统计分析与绘图, 当P<0.05时, 结果具有统计学意义。除非另有说明, 所有实验均进行3次重复。
图1呈现了DHM标准溶液和藤茶提取液的扫描结果。从图1中可以看出, 两者在310 nm处均达到最大吸光值, 且波峰较为单一, 因此确定测定最大吸收波长为310 nm[23]。分别测定不同浓度DHM标品在310 nm处的紫外吸光度, 以吸光度对DHM含量作图, 得回归方程Y=58.091X+0.0070952, r2=0.9996, 表明标品在0~0.0125 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好。
为保证提取液提取的为DHM, 使用HPLC测定DHM的特征图谱。图2为藤茶提取液和DHM标品的HPLC色谱图。从图2中可以看出, DHM标准品的色谱峰出现时间为21.117 min。藤茶提取液的主要成分色谱峰出现时间为21.407 min(组分15), 峰形对称, 另有许多小峰和杂峰。对比样品与标准品的出峰时间, 二者相对保留时间不超过±8%, 说明经超声辅助提取的提取液主要成分为DHM[24], 可以进行下一步实验。
图3可知, 在初始设置的超声条件下提取藤茶中的DHM, 以55%乙醇提取的DHM提取率最高, 为11.74%。不同溶剂超声提取DHM的能力大小为: 55%乙醇>80%甲醇>50 ℃热水, 综合比较, 55%乙醇作为溶剂提取经济、来源方便、无污染、易于清洁、利于环境保护, 因此, 选取55%乙醇溶液作为提取溶剂。
图4的数据变化趋势可以看出, 随着依次对ABCD 4个单因素(超声功率、超声温度、液料比、超声时间)进行优化调整, DHM的提取率呈现出逐步提升的态势。这表明每个单因素的改变都对提取率产生了显著的影响, 且在逐步优化的过程中, 这些影响是累加的, 从而使得总体的提取率不断提高[25]。同时, 藤茶中DHM提取率随着超声功率的增大先上升后下降, 较高的超声功率可促进DHM的进一步释放, 在超声功率为360 W时, DHM的提取率最大。而当超声功率高于360 W, 提取率开始降低, 这或许是因为过高的超声功率对DHM的分子结构产生了破坏, 影响了其内部的稳定性, 导致提取率下降[17,24]。在实验设定的温度范围内, DHM的提取得率相差不大。比较而言, 30~50 ℃的温度范围可以满足要求。在实验中, 选择合适的液料比能够减少溶剂浪费, 简化提取流程, 同时减轻溶剂回收的负担。从图4可以观察到, DHM提取率随着液料比的增加而提升, 但当液料比超过15:1 (mL:g)时, 提取率的增加不再具有统计学意义。确定提取的液料比范围为15:1~25:1 (mL:g)。此外, 随着超声时间的延长, DHM提取率逐渐上升, 但当超声时间超过50 min时, 提取率的增加趋势开始减缓。因此, 将超声辐照时间的考察范围设定为30~50 min。综上, 超声功率300~420 W、温度30~50 ℃、液料比15:1~25:1 (mL:g)、超声时间30~50 min为较优提取条件。
基于单因素实验结果, 运用RSM分析DHM提取工艺。实验的具体设置详见表3, 以DHM提取率(Y)作为响应值, 通过回归拟合各影响因子与响应值之间的关系, 得到回归方程:
Y=38.90-0.4801A+1.90B-0.4090C-2.95D-0.6847AB+2.64AC-0.3084AD+0.2868BC+0.1357BD+1.21CD-6.79A2-4.92B2-5.10C2-4.74D2
该方程揭示了超声功率(A)、超声温度(B)、液料比(C)和超声时间(D)对DHM提取率的综合影响。线性项系数显示各单一因素对提取率的直接影响, 其中B(超声温度)的正系数表明其在一定范围内对提取率有促进作用。交互项(ABAC等)反映了不同因素间的协同或拮抗效应, AB项的负系数意味着超声功率和温度的交互作用可能在过高或过低组合时对提取率产生不利影响。二次项(A2B2等)则体现了各因素的非线性效应, 表明在某些因素水平过高或过低时, 提取率会受到抑制[26]
根据表4的数据, 模型的P<0.0001, 表明该模型具有高度显著性, 能够可靠地描述各因素对DHM提取率的影响。通过F分析, 确定各因素对DHM提取率的影响程度从大到小依次为: 超声时间(D)>超声温度(B)>超声功率(A)>液料比(C)。RSM模型分析得出最佳提取条件为: 超声功率356 W、超声温度41 ℃、液料比20:1 (mL:g)、超声时间37 min。此条件下的提取率预计最高。
图5显示, 残差的正态概率分布以及预测值与实际值基本位于一条直线上, 表明模型的拟合性较好, 可以使用该模型解释各因素之间的关系, 可用于对实验数据的解释和分析[27]
通过综合分析RSM实验结果, 如图6所示。考虑各因素的交互作用, 可以发现ACCD的交互作用较为显著, 即超声功率与液料比、液料比与超声时间之间存在明显的交互作用, 对DHM提取率有明显影响。
表5所示, 在GA-ANN模型训练过程中, 本研究对隐含层个数进行了深入探究, 发现当隐含层个数设定为8时, 模型能够取得最优效果, MSE降至6.06271×10-2。同时, 模型在第7次迭代时便成功收敛。基于此结果, 本研究最终确定ANN模型的最佳拓扑结构为4×8×1, 处于该结构下的模型展现出了出色的泛化能力。
图7中可以看出, 训练集、验证集、测试集以及全部数据集的相关系数(R2)分别达到0.99529、0.99711、0.99313和0.99448。这些较高的相关系数值直观地表明, ANN模型具备良好的回归拟合能力和预测能力, 同时也充分体现了该模型在预测响应方面的高精度特性[28]
图8可以看出, 随着迭代次数的逐步推进, DHM提取率呈现出一种波动性上升的态势。当种群经过82代的迭代进化之后, DHM提取率达到了峰值, 与此同时, 适应度函数也逐渐趋于稳定状态。经预测, 最优的DHM提取率可达到40.19%。所对应的超声提取条件为: 超声功率360 W、超声温度42 ℃、液料比20:1 (mL:g)、超声时间35 min。在重复提取3次后, DHM提取率为(39.83±0.01)%。这表明, 通过ANN法建立的藤茶DHM提取数学模型具有稳定性和可靠性, 实验结果与模型预测相符[29]
通过R2、RMSE、AAD和SEP评估模型的预测和优化性能, 较高的R2值表示模型对数据的拟合程度更好, 而RMSE、AAD和SEP的值越低, 则表明模型的预测值与实际值之间的偏差越小, 模型的准确性和稳定性越高[20]。由表6可知, 模型的相关系数(R2)>0.9, 表明预测值与实验值高度吻合, 模型性能优异。ANN模型的R2高于RSM, ANN的RMSE、SEP和AAD值均低于RSM, 说明ANN的预测值与真实值的平均偏离程度更小, 且对数据中的极端值处理更稳定。SEP值高说明RSM的误差累积效应更显著, 尤其在数据分布复杂或存在噪声时, ANN可能更适应[30]
图9表7所示, RSM和GA-ANN分析得出了最佳提取条件。从表7中数据可见, GA-ANN的预测DHM提取率和实际DHM提取率之间的误差为0.36%, 比RSM的预测和实际之间的误差(1.16%)更小, 这表明在预测DHM提取率的超声条件方面, GA-ANN模型相较于RSM更为合适。最佳提取条件为: 超声功率360 W、超声温度42 ℃、液料比20:1 (mL:g)、超声时间35 min。
参考湖北省中药材质量标准(鄂YC-20220001), 流动相A相为甲醇, 流动相B为0.1%磷酸溶液, 固定流动相比例为A:B=32:68 (V:V), 按外标法测定DHM含量。取DHM对照品溶解(甲醇:0.1%磷酸溶液=60:40, V:V), 制备50 µg/mL的DHM标准品溶液作为对照。使用最优超声条件提取藤茶不同部位的提取液, 采用HPLC测定其中DHM的含量和纯度[31], 所有藤茶样品均由金祈藤茶提供。
结果如图10表8所示, 研究发现, 在最佳超声工艺条件下, 藤茶不同部位提取液中DHM的提取率由高到低依次为: 藤茶茎叶>藤茶梗>藤茶剪枝。需要明确的是, 这里的提取率和纯度均是指提取液中的指标, 而非占整个藤茶部位的比例。藤茶茎叶提取液的DHM提取率较高, 且其纯度[32]在该条件下也很高, 达到了(92.75±9.16)%。藤茶梗提取液中DHM的提取率相对较低, 为(22.89±1.21)%, 但其纯度却达到了(97.22±0.86)%。这可能表明, 在所用溶剂下, 藤茶梗中其他杂质元素的含量较少, 或者在提取过程中存在某种选择性, 使得提取液中DHM相对纯净。不过, 要说明的是, 在本研究中, 纯度的测定是基于HPLC的分析结果, 通过色谱图中DHM峰面积与其他峰面积的相对关系来计算的纯度[33]。然而, 由于HPLC分析存在一定局限性, 如检测器对某些化合物的响应差异、部分杂质可能未被有效分离或检测等, 因此所得到的纯度结果仅作为相对参考, 不能完全代表提取液中DHM的实际纯度[34]。总之, 这些数据表明, 藤茶不同部位的提取液在DHM提取率和纯度上存在明显差异。因此, 选择合适的藤茶部位对于优化DHM提取工艺和提高提取效率具有重要意义。
本研究通过对比RSM与GA-ANN模型在优化藤茶中DHM超声提取工艺方面的应用效果, 得出: GA-ANN模型在对藤茶中DHM提取率进行优化时, 展现出了更高的准确性和更强的预测能力, 相较于传统的RSM方法, 具有明显的优势, 可作为更为有效的替代方案用于此类工艺优化工作。
经过对两种模型的深入比较和分析, 最终确定了藤茶中DHM超声提取的最佳工艺条件组合为: 超声功率360 W、超声温度42 ℃、液料比20:1 (mL:g)以及超声时间35 min。此时DHM的实验提取率达到了(39.83±0.01)%。同时, 在最佳超声工艺条件下, 藤茶不同部位提取液DHM的提取率含量由多到少分别为: 藤茶茎叶>藤茶梗>藤茶剪枝。
这一研究成果不仅为藤茶中DHM的高效提取提供了科学、精准且实用的工艺参数依据, 有助于推动藤茶相关产业在提取技术方面的进步, 提高DHM的提取效率和产量, 同时也为进一步深入研究和开发藤茶中的其他活性成分提取工艺提供了有益的参考和借鉴, 对于充分利用藤茶这一天然资源, 开发具有高附加值的健康产品等方面具有一定的理论和实际应用价值。
  • 湖北省重点研发计划项目(2023BBB005)
  • 湖北省自然科学基金联合基金项目(2024AFD079)
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2025年第16卷第16期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250331002
  • 接收时间:2025-03-31
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-31
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湖北省重点研发计划项目(2023BBB005)
湖北省自然科学基金联合基金项目(2024AFD079)
作者信息
    1 湖北民族大学生物与食品工程学院, 恩施 445000
    2 恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院, 恩施 445000
    3 武汉大学公共健康学院, 武汉 430071

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* 商龙臣(1990—), 男, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品胶体与营养。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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