Article(id=1217845639417873016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250327001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743004800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768286626915, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768286626915, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768286626915, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768286626915, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217845635080962613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768286625881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768287480278, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=166, endPage=175, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217845639841497741, articleId=1217845639417873016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Research progress on the antitumor effects and mechanisms of active components in Allium sativum L., columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As a worldwide medicinal and edible homologous plant, Allium sativum L. has the functions of antitumor, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and anti-pathogenic microorganisms. Studies have shown that many active ingredients in Allium sativum L. exert antitumor effects mainly by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, regulating signaling pathways to inhibit migration and invasion, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, and arresting cell cycle. At the same time, the Allium sativum L. active ingredient also enhances the antitumor effect of other drugs through its combination with other drugs. This article reviewed the research on the antitumor effect and mechanism of Allium sativum L. active ingredients in the past 30 years, as well as the effects of Allium sativum L. active ingredients in combination with other drugs, this provides an important theoretical basis and application reference for the study of the antitumor action mechanism of active ingredients in Allium sativum L. and the development of innovative drugs.

, correspAuthors=Wei-Wei ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan-Ru HU, Xiao-Dong DENG, Zhi-Wei ZHAO, Yi-Wen LIU, Wen-Jing YANG, Yu-Han SHENG, Si-Rong WANG, Wei LI, Xin SHU, Wei-Wei ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217845642014147275, articleId=1217845639417873016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=大蒜活性成分抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究进展, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

大蒜作为一种世界性的药食同源植物, 具有抗肿瘤、防治心血管疾病及抗病原微生物等方面的作用。研究表明, 大蒜中的许多活性成分主要通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、调控信号通路抑制迁移与侵袭、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、阻滞细胞周期等途径发挥抗肿瘤作用。同时, 大蒜活性成分还通过与其他药物的联合使用增强其他药物的抗肿瘤作用。本文就近30年对大蒜活性成分抗肿瘤作用及其机制的研究, 以及大蒜活性成分与其他药物联合使用的作用进行综述, 为大蒜活性成分的抗肿瘤作用机制研究及其创新药物研发提供了重要理论依据和应用参考。

, correspAuthors=张薇薇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张薇薇(1985—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为营养与食品卫生学。E-mail:
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胡艳茹(2006—), 女, 主要研究方向为营养与食品卫生学。E-mail:

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DOI: 10.13412/j.cnki.zyyl.20250303.004, articleTitle=S-allylmercaptocysteine improves cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury by regulating the caspase 3/GSDME pathway, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217883325239317431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, awardId=2024MS232, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省中医药管理局2024年度中医药科研专项(2024MS232), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217883325319009212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, awardId=23LHZY04, language=CN, fundingSource=重大疾病靶点发现与蛋白药物研发四川省高校重点实验室项目(23LHZY04), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217883325398700991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, awardId=YYFZ23001, language=CN, fundingSource=成都医学院医院发展研究中心项目(YYFZ23001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217883325470004161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, awardId=ZHYYZKYB2417, language=CN, fundingSource=智慧医养与老年健康管理四川省哲学社会科学重点实验室2024年度开放基金项目(ZHYYZKYB2417), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217883325553890244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, awardId=2025137050015, language=CN, fundingSource=国家级大学生创新创业项目(2025137050015), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217883325646164936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, awardId=2024dy309, language=CN, fundingSource=成都医学院校级级调研类大学生创新训练计划项目(2024dy309), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217883319518286570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217883319526675179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, companyId=1217883319518286570, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 First Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Xindu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217883319539258092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, companyId=1217883319518286570, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 成都医学院第一附属中医医院, 成都市新都区中医医院, 成都 610500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217883319631532782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217883319639921391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, companyId=1217883319631532782, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217883319644115696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, companyId=1217883319631532782, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 成都医学院公共卫生学院, 成都 610500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217883319702835954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217883319711224563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, companyId=1217883319702835954, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Northeast International Hospital, Shenyang 110623, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217883319715418868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, companyId=1217883319702835954, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 东北国际医院, 沈阳 110623)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217883324484342694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Diagram of mechanism of allicin in antitumor effects, figureFileSmall=dGk+ShIEevqg8tpWyGiuIA==, figureFileBig=gLGucxrXcAYEmNvlK7qrNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883324543062951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, language=CN, label=图1, caption=大蒜素抗肿瘤的作用机制图

注: 转化生长因子-β (transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β); 肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)。

, figureFileSmall=dGk+ShIEevqg8tpWyGiuIA==, figureFileBig=gLGucxrXcAYEmNvlK7qrNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217883324614366121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects and mechanism of allicin in antitumor effects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1217883324681474988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大蒜素抗肿瘤的作用及机制

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1217883324756972459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects and mechanism of DATS in antitumor effects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
癌症
种类
体内/体外 细胞 剂量 作用机制 相关蛋白表达 参考
文献
黑色素瘤 体内、
体外
B16F10、A375 5、10、25 μmol/L 抑制增殖, 抑制
迁移与侵袭
MMP-2↓, Akt↓, JNK↓, Paxillin↑, FAK↓, ERK↓, P38↓ [38]
体外 A375、A2058、
SK-MEL-2
100 μmol/L 诱导凋亡 GRP 78↓, X盒结合蛋白1↑, Caspase-3↓, Caspase-12↓ [39]
骨肉瘤 体外 Saos-2 /DOX 0、10、50、100 μmol/L 抑制增殖 p-ERK1/2↑ [40]
体外 143B 0、10、50、100、
200 µmol/L
抑制迁移与侵袭 EGFR↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, LC3-II/I↑, 贝林1蛋白↑, P62↓, N-cadherin↓, 蜗牛家族转录因子↓, MMP-2↓, 波形蛋白↓, E-cadherin↑ [46]
神经母
细胞瘤
体外 SK-N-SH 10、40 μg/L 诱导调亡 VEGF↓, ICAM1↓ [47]
骨髓瘤 体外 MM SP 10 μg/mL 诱导凋亡, 抑制
增殖
PI3K↓, p-Akt↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, miR-127-3p↓ [41]
结直肠癌 体外 SW480、DLD-1 0、20、40、80 μmol/L 诱导凋亡, 抑制
增殖
CD133↓, CD44↓, Cyclin-D1↓, Caspase-8↑, Caspase-9↓, 原癌基因c-Myc↓, 醛脱氢酶1↓,
八聚体结合转录因子4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4, Oct-4)↓, Nanog同源框蛋
白↓, PCNA↓, Bcl-2↓, Bax↑, Cleaved Caspase-3↑, Cleaved Caspase-9↑, 糖原合成酶激酶3β↑, β-catenin↓
[48]
膀胱癌 体外 T24 0、20、40、60、80 μmol/L 诱导凋亡 Bcl-2↓, Bax↑, BH3结构域相互作用死亡激动剂↓, Fas细胞表面死亡受体↓, Fas配体↑, 死亡受体4↑, 死亡受体5↑, 肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体↑, pro-Caspase-9↓, pro-Caspase-8↓, Caspase3↑, 活化的Caspase-3↓, PARP↓, p-Akt↓, p-ERK↓, p-JNK↓, p-P38↓ [42]
乳腺癌 体外 MDA-MB-231、MCF-7 20、40、60 μmol/L 抑制增殖 ADAM10↓, 活化的ADAM10↓, ADAM17↓, Jagged-1↓, Jagged-2↓ [43]
基底细胞癌 体外 BCC 0、25、50、100 μmol/L 诱导凋亡 p-P53↑, Bax↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xl↓, γ-组蛋白H2AX↑, p-Bcl-2↑, 凋亡蛋白酶激活因子1↑, Caspase-9↑, Caspase-3↑, PARP↑, 胞质的细胞色素C (cytochrome C, Cyt C)↑, Caspase-4↑, 凋亡诱导因子↑ [44]
肝癌 体外 HepG2 0、10、20、40、80、
160 µmol/L
诱导凋亡 LC3-II/I↑ [45]
), ArticleFig(id=1217883324866024366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

DATS抗肿瘤的作用及机制

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
癌症
种类
体内/体外 细胞 剂量 作用机制 相关蛋白表达 参考
文献
黑色素瘤 体内、
体外
B16F10、A375 5、10、25 μmol/L 抑制增殖, 抑制
迁移与侵袭
MMP-2↓, Akt↓, JNK↓, Paxillin↑, FAK↓, ERK↓, P38↓ [38]
体外 A375、A2058、
SK-MEL-2
100 μmol/L 诱导凋亡 GRP 78↓, X盒结合蛋白1↑, Caspase-3↓, Caspase-12↓ [39]
骨肉瘤 体外 Saos-2 /DOX 0、10、50、100 μmol/L 抑制增殖 p-ERK1/2↑ [40]
体外 143B 0、10、50、100、
200 µmol/L
抑制迁移与侵袭 EGFR↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, LC3-II/I↑, 贝林1蛋白↑, P62↓, N-cadherin↓, 蜗牛家族转录因子↓, MMP-2↓, 波形蛋白↓, E-cadherin↑ [46]
神经母
细胞瘤
体外 SK-N-SH 10、40 μg/L 诱导调亡 VEGF↓, ICAM1↓ [47]
骨髓瘤 体外 MM SP 10 μg/mL 诱导凋亡, 抑制
增殖
PI3K↓, p-Akt↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, miR-127-3p↓ [41]
结直肠癌 体外 SW480、DLD-1 0、20、40、80 μmol/L 诱导凋亡, 抑制
增殖
CD133↓, CD44↓, Cyclin-D1↓, Caspase-8↑, Caspase-9↓, 原癌基因c-Myc↓, 醛脱氢酶1↓,
八聚体结合转录因子4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4, Oct-4)↓, Nanog同源框蛋
白↓, PCNA↓, Bcl-2↓, Bax↑, Cleaved Caspase-3↑, Cleaved Caspase-9↑, 糖原合成酶激酶3β↑, β-catenin↓
[48]
膀胱癌 体外 T24 0、20、40、60、80 μmol/L 诱导凋亡 Bcl-2↓, Bax↑, BH3结构域相互作用死亡激动剂↓, Fas细胞表面死亡受体↓, Fas配体↑, 死亡受体4↑, 死亡受体5↑, 肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体↑, pro-Caspase-9↓, pro-Caspase-8↓, Caspase3↑, 活化的Caspase-3↓, PARP↓, p-Akt↓, p-ERK↓, p-JNK↓, p-P38↓ [42]
乳腺癌 体外 MDA-MB-231、MCF-7 20、40、60 μmol/L 抑制增殖 ADAM10↓, 活化的ADAM10↓, ADAM17↓, Jagged-1↓, Jagged-2↓ [43]
基底细胞癌 体外 BCC 0、25、50、100 μmol/L 诱导凋亡 p-P53↑, Bax↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xl↓, γ-组蛋白H2AX↑, p-Bcl-2↑, 凋亡蛋白酶激活因子1↑, Caspase-9↑, Caspase-3↑, PARP↑, 胞质的细胞色素C (cytochrome C, Cyt C)↑, Caspase-4↑, 凋亡诱导因子↑ [44]
肝癌 体外 HepG2 0、10、20、40、80、
160 µmol/L
诱导凋亡 LC3-II/I↑ [45]
), ArticleFig(id=1217883324958299058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects and mechanism of DAS and other Allium sativum L. active ingredients in antitumor effects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
大蒜活性
成分
癌症
种类
体内/
体外
细胞 剂量 作用机制 相关蛋白表达 参考
文献
DAS 骨肉瘤 体外 MG63 10、20、40 g/L 诱导凋亡, 抑制肿瘤血管生成 mRNA↓, VEGF↓ [9]
甲状腺癌 体外 ATC 50、100、200、
400 μmol/L
诱导凋亡 Cyt c↑, Bax↑, Bcl-2↓, pro-Caspase-8↑, pro-Caspase-9↑, Cleaved Caspase-3↑, Cleaved Caspase-9↑, PARP↑ [53]
阿霍烯 胃癌 体内、
体外
MGC-803 0、1、5、25、
125 μmol/L
诱导凋亡, 抑制
增殖
P53↓, RAS↓, ERK↓, Bcl-2, Akt↓, mTOR↓, PI3↓, Caspase-3↓, P53↑, Caspase-3↑, Bax↑ [55]
大蒜丁香的HEGCs 肝癌 体外 Hep3B 50、100 µg/mL 诱导凋亡 Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xl↓, Caspase-9↑, Caspase-3↑, Caspase-8↑, GRP78↓ [56]
BMDA 肺癌 体内、
体外
A549 40 mg/kg
1、5 μg/mL
诱导凋亡和自噬,
抑制增殖与迁移
Cleaved Caspase-9↑, 自噬相关蛋白5↓, LC3B↓, SRY盒转录因子2↓, p-Smad2↓, p-mTOR↓, p-Akt↓, p-ERK↓, PARP↑, Twist↓, 波形蛋白↓, 蜗牛家族转录因子↓, N-cadherin↓, Oct-4↓, E-cadherin↑, Kruppel样因子4↓, β-catenin↓, 贝林1蛋白↑ [57]
黑蒜提取物 乳腺癌 体外 MCF-7 25、50、100 mg/mL 诱导凋亡 p-PI3K/PI3K↓, p-Akt/Akt↓, p-mTOR/mTOR↓ [58]
MCF-7 、MDA-MB-361 0.025、0.05、
100 mg/mL
诱导凋亡 MCL-1↓, Bcl-2↓, Bax↑, Bcl-2相互作用细胞死亡介体↑ [59]
结肠癌 体外 HT29 20、50、100 mg/mL 诱导凋亡, 周期
阻滞
磷酸酶与张力蛋白同源物↑, Akt↓, p-Akt↓ [60]
n-反式铁酰
多巴胺(N-trans-feruloyloctopamine, FO)
肝癌 体外 Huh7、HCCLM3 2 mmol/L 抑制侵袭 p-NF-κB↑, p-P38↓, Akt↓/↑, p-Akt↓, ERK1/2↑, p-ERK1/2↑, Slug↓, 蜗牛家族转录因子↑, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin ↑ [61]
2-丙烯-1-磺酸硫代酸S-2-丙烯基酯 肝癌 体外 HepG2 20、40、80 μmol/L 抑制脂质代谢
紊乱
AMPK↓, p-AMPK↓, 亚精胺结合蛋白1↓, 固醇调节元件结合蛋白2↓, 磷酸化蛋白激酶A↓, 蛋白激酶A催化亚基α↓, 环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element-binding protein, CREB)↓, p-CREB↑ [62]
), ArticleFig(id=1217883325063156659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845639417873016, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

DAS及其他大蒜活性成分抗肿瘤的作用及机制

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
大蒜活性
成分
癌症
种类
体内/
体外
细胞 剂量 作用机制 相关蛋白表达 参考
文献
DAS 骨肉瘤 体外 MG63 10、20、40 g/L 诱导凋亡, 抑制肿瘤血管生成 mRNA↓, VEGF↓ [9]
甲状腺癌 体外 ATC 50、100、200、
400 μmol/L
诱导凋亡 Cyt c↑, Bax↑, Bcl-2↓, pro-Caspase-8↑, pro-Caspase-9↑, Cleaved Caspase-3↑, Cleaved Caspase-9↑, PARP↑ [53]
阿霍烯 胃癌 体内、
体外
MGC-803 0、1、5、25、
125 μmol/L
诱导凋亡, 抑制
增殖
P53↓, RAS↓, ERK↓, Bcl-2, Akt↓, mTOR↓, PI3↓, Caspase-3↓, P53↑, Caspase-3↑, Bax↑ [55]
大蒜丁香的HEGCs 肝癌 体外 Hep3B 50、100 µg/mL 诱导凋亡 Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xl↓, Caspase-9↑, Caspase-3↑, Caspase-8↑, GRP78↓ [56]
BMDA 肺癌 体内、
体外
A549 40 mg/kg
1、5 μg/mL
诱导凋亡和自噬,
抑制增殖与迁移
Cleaved Caspase-9↑, 自噬相关蛋白5↓, LC3B↓, SRY盒转录因子2↓, p-Smad2↓, p-mTOR↓, p-Akt↓, p-ERK↓, PARP↑, Twist↓, 波形蛋白↓, 蜗牛家族转录因子↓, N-cadherin↓, Oct-4↓, E-cadherin↑, Kruppel样因子4↓, β-catenin↓, 贝林1蛋白↑ [57]
黑蒜提取物 乳腺癌 体外 MCF-7 25、50、100 mg/mL 诱导凋亡 p-PI3K/PI3K↓, p-Akt/Akt↓, p-mTOR/mTOR↓ [58]
MCF-7 、MDA-MB-361 0.025、0.05、
100 mg/mL
诱导凋亡 MCL-1↓, Bcl-2↓, Bax↑, Bcl-2相互作用细胞死亡介体↑ [59]
结肠癌 体外 HT29 20、50、100 mg/mL 诱导凋亡, 周期
阻滞
磷酸酶与张力蛋白同源物↑, Akt↓, p-Akt↓ [60]
n-反式铁酰
多巴胺(N-trans-feruloyloctopamine, FO)
肝癌 体外 Huh7、HCCLM3 2 mmol/L 抑制侵袭 p-NF-κB↑, p-P38↓, Akt↓/↑, p-Akt↓, ERK1/2↑, p-ERK1/2↑, Slug↓, 蜗牛家族转录因子↑, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin ↑ [61]
2-丙烯-1-磺酸硫代酸S-2-丙烯基酯 肝癌 体外 HepG2 20、40、80 μmol/L 抑制脂质代谢
紊乱
AMPK↓, p-AMPK↓, 亚精胺结合蛋白1↓, 固醇调节元件结合蛋白2↓, 磷酸化蛋白激酶A↓, 蛋白激酶A催化亚基α↓, 环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element-binding protein, CREB)↓, p-CREB↑ [62]
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大蒜活性成分抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究进展
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胡艳茹 1, 2 , 邓晓东 1 , 赵志伟 3 , 刘祎雯 2 , 杨雯静 2 , 盛宇涵 2 , 王思荣 2 , 李伟 2 , 舒馨 2 , 张薇薇 1, 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(16): 166-175
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(16): 166-175
大蒜活性成分抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究进展
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胡艳茹1, 2 , 邓晓东1, 赵志伟3, 刘祎雯2, 杨雯静2, 盛宇涵2, 王思荣2, 李伟2, 舒馨2, 张薇薇1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 成都医学院第一附属中医医院, 成都市新都区中医医院, 成都 610500
  • 2 成都医学院公共卫生学院, 成都 610500
  • 3 东北国际医院, 沈阳 110623
  • 胡艳茹(2006—), 女, 主要研究方向为营养与食品卫生学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 张薇薇(1985—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为营养与食品卫生学。E-mail:
Research progress on the antitumor effects and mechanisms of active components in Allium sativum L.
Yan-Ru HU1, 2 , Xiao-Dong DENG1, Zhi-Wei ZHAO3, Yi-Wen LIU2, Wen-Jing YANG2, Yu-Han SHENG2, Si-Rong WANG2, Wei LI2, Xin SHU2, Wei-Wei ZHANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 First Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Xindu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 2 School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 3 Northeast International Hospital, Shenyang 110623, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250327001
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大蒜作为一种世界性的药食同源植物, 具有抗肿瘤、防治心血管疾病及抗病原微生物等方面的作用。研究表明, 大蒜中的许多活性成分主要通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、调控信号通路抑制迁移与侵袭、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、阻滞细胞周期等途径发挥抗肿瘤作用。同时, 大蒜活性成分还通过与其他药物的联合使用增强其他药物的抗肿瘤作用。本文就近30年对大蒜活性成分抗肿瘤作用及其机制的研究, 以及大蒜活性成分与其他药物联合使用的作用进行综述, 为大蒜活性成分的抗肿瘤作用机制研究及其创新药物研发提供了重要理论依据和应用参考。

大蒜  /  活性成分  /  抗肿瘤作用  /  作用机制

As a worldwide medicinal and edible homologous plant, Allium sativum L. has the functions of antitumor, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and anti-pathogenic microorganisms. Studies have shown that many active ingredients in Allium sativum L. exert antitumor effects mainly by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, regulating signaling pathways to inhibit migration and invasion, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, and arresting cell cycle. At the same time, the Allium sativum L. active ingredient also enhances the antitumor effect of other drugs through its combination with other drugs. This article reviewed the research on the antitumor effect and mechanism of Allium sativum L. active ingredients in the past 30 years, as well as the effects of Allium sativum L. active ingredients in combination with other drugs, this provides an important theoretical basis and application reference for the study of the antitumor action mechanism of active ingredients in Allium sativum L. and the development of innovative drugs.

Allium sativum L.  /  active components  /  anticancer effects  /  mechanisms
胡艳茹, 邓晓东, 赵志伟, 刘祎雯, 杨雯静, 盛宇涵, 王思荣, 李伟, 舒馨, 张薇薇. 大蒜活性成分抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究进展. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (16) : 166 -175 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250327001
Yan-Ru HU, Xiao-Dong DENG, Zhi-Wei ZHAO, Yi-Wen LIU, Wen-Jing YANG, Yu-Han SHENG, Si-Rong WANG, Wei LI, Xin SHU, Wei-Wei ZHANG. Research progress on the antitumor effects and mechanisms of active components in Allium sativum L.[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (16) : 166 -175 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250327001
根据世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构最新发布的数据, 2022年全球有2000万新发癌症病例和970万癌症死亡病例, 癌症已是构成人类死亡的重要原因之一, 对人类健康构成了重大威胁[1]。据估计, 中国2022年新发癌症病例约482.47万例, 新癌症死亡病例约257.42万例, 癌症已成为目前我国疾病致死的最主要原因之一[2]。癌症的非正常增殖, 侵袭周围组织乃至转移的特性, 使得其难以治愈[3]。而且, 目前肿瘤疾病的治疗主要采用放化疗手段, 这种治疗方法通常伴随着严重的不良反应, 影响患者术后的生活质量。因此, 对肿瘤疾病的防治十分重要。
许多药食同源植物在抑制肿瘤细胞增殖, 阻止转移, 改善愈后, 提高肿瘤患者生活质量等方面具有不良反应少、调理平衡等优越之处, 逐渐被基础研究、临床应用重视[4]。大蒜是世界性的药食同源植物, 李艳如等[5]在《食物的营养与药用》中阐述到, 大蒜味辛, 性温, 有健脾开胃, 解毒杀虫功效。近年来, 流行病学和临床前证据表明, 增加膳食大蒜摄入量与降低许多人类疾病, 如心血管疾病和许多类型的癌症风险相关[6]。此外, 黎晶晶等[7]的研究还发现大蒜活性成分有抗肝损伤等作用。大蒜中的活性化合物, 主要有大蒜素、大蒜辣素(diallyl trisulfide, DATS)、S-烯丙基巯基半胱氨酸(S-allylmercaptocysteine, SAMC)、二烯丙基二硫(diallyl sulfide, DAS)等, 已被证实在多种癌症模型中显示出显著的抗癌活性。这些化合物能通过抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖[6], 诱导肿瘤细胞死亡[8], 阻断肿瘤血管生成[9], 促进肿瘤细胞分化以及增强机体的免疫反应[10]等多个途径对肿瘤的发生过程进行干预。本综述旨在深入探讨大蒜中活性成分的抗肿瘤作用及其机制, 通过综合分析近30年的研究成果, 为大蒜活性成分防治肿瘤疾病的相关研究提供理论支撑。
大蒜素化学式为C6H10OS2, 亦被称为二烯丙基硫化物、二烯基硫化物等, 是一种自大蒜中提取的有机硫化物。研究表明, 大蒜素可通过阻断肿瘤转移与增殖[11], 诱导细胞凋亡[12], 调控细胞周期[8,12]等实现抗肿瘤作用。在细胞周期阻滞方面, 针对乳腺癌顺铂耐药(MCF-7/DDP)和胰腺癌(BXPC3)模型, 大蒜素通过磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PI3K)/蛋白激酶B (protein kinase B, Akt)途径下调细胞凋亡相关调控蛋白细胞周期蛋白D1 (CyclinD1)和周期蛋白依赖激酶(cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK)-2、CDK4、CDK6的表达, 导致细胞周期阻滞[8,12]。在抑制肿瘤增殖与转移方面, 研究表明, 核因子-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B, NF-κB)与上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)具有协同抑制作用。大蒜素通过抑制NF-κB核转位, 下调波形蛋白、蜗牛家族转录因子等间质标志物, 上调上皮钙黏蛋白(epithelial cadherin, E-cadherin), 逆转EMT进程。例如, 在胆管癌(RBE)模型中, 大蒜素通过阻断NF-κB信号, 显著降低转移相关蛋白基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase, MMP)-9和波形蛋白表达[13]。在胃癌(HGC-27)中, 大蒜素使组E-cadherin mRNA表达提升, 波形蛋白及NF-κB mRNA表达下调来抑制肿瘤迁移[14]。大蒜素还可通过下调细胞生存素(survivin)、胞间黏附分子(intercellular adhesion molecule 1, ICAM-1)的表达, 有效抑制了肺癌(A549)[15]、人舌鳞状细胞癌(CAL-27)[16]、卵巢癌(SKOV3)[17]等癌症细胞的迁移和侵袭。在诱导细胞凋亡方面, 在骨肉瘤研究中, 大蒜素还可通过激活内质网应激和线粒体途径诱导凋亡, 涉及到CBR3反义RNA 1 (CBR3 antisense RNA, CBR3-AS1)、微小RNA-145-5p (microRNA-145-5p, miR-145-5p)、葡萄糖调节蛋白78 (glucose-regulated protein 78, GRP78)等蛋白表达的变化[18]。在膀胱癌(BIU-87)[6]、胰腺癌(BXPC3)[12]、人胆管癌(RBE)[13]、大肠癌(Lovo)[19]、人子宫内膜癌(RL-952)[20]等细胞中, 大蒜素通过PI3K/Akt途径下调B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2蛋白(B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 protein, Bcl-2)表达并上调Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2-associated X protein, Bax)表达, 诱导凋亡。对于人子宫内膜癌(Ishikawa)细胞, 大蒜素还可通过抑制PI3K/Akt通路活性来诱导细胞凋亡, 该过程分别涉及PI3K、p-Akt、MMP-2、MMP-9、E-cadherin蛋白表达的下调[21]。通过影响丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase, MAPK)家族, 大蒜素通过激活c-Jun N末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK)通路来诱导乳腺癌[11]、白血病[22]凋亡和抑制增殖, 此外, 大蒜素还可抑制P38 MAPK和半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶3 (cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3, Caspase-3)来诱导肝癌细胞(HepG2)凋亡[23]表1归纳了大蒜素在不同癌症模型中的作用机制。图1呈现了大蒜素抗肿瘤的机制。
综上所述, 大蒜素通过多靶点、多通路协同作用, 表现出广谱抗肿瘤潜力, 涵盖增殖抑制、凋亡诱导、转移阻断及周期调控等机制。其中, PI3K/Akt是大蒜素作用于肿瘤细胞的核心通路, 此外还有NF-κB与EMT的协同抑制和MAPK家族的双向调控作用, 为多种癌症的治疗提供了理论依据。
DATS是一种从大蒜中提取的有机硫化合物, 同时也是大蒜油的主要成分之一[38], 其化学结构为2个烯丙基基团与含3个硫原子的链相连。DATS因其展现出的抗癌、抗氧化以及抗炎活性而受到科研界的广泛关注[39]。据近年来文献报道, DATS对多种肿瘤细胞具有增强治疗敏感性, 抑制肿瘤增殖与转移, 诱导细胞凋亡与自噬的作用。在增强治疗敏感性方面, DATS通过抑制PI3K/Akt磷酸化及下游雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR)活性, 阻断肿瘤细胞存活信号。如, 对骨肉瘤耐药株(Saos-2/DOX), DATS通过抑制表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)/PI3K/Akt通路, 逆转多药耐药性[40], 其相关蛋白的表达为神经钙黏蛋白、蜗牛家族转录因子、MMP-2和波形蛋白下调, E-cadherin表达升高。在骨髓瘤(MM SP)中, DATS使p-Akt和mTOR表达降低, 显著增强硼替佐米的化疗效果[41]。在抑制肿瘤增殖与转移方面, DATS靶向调控MAPKs、PI3K/Akt、Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路(Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Wnt/β-catenin)等关键通路, 降低MMP-2/9、VEGF等转移相关蛋白表达。例如, 针对黑色素瘤和骨肉瘤耐药株, DATS通过使MAPKs失活[38]和激活ERK1/2信号通路[40]抑制了这些肿瘤细胞的迁移与增殖, 表现为MMP-2、Akt、JNK、黏着斑蛋白(Paxillin)、黏着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase, FAK)、ERK等关键蛋白的表达下调, 而pERK1/2蛋白表达水平呈浓度依赖性增高。对于结直肠癌和膀胱癌, DATS通过抑制Wnt/β-catenin和PI3K/Akt及激活JNK通路, 推动凋亡过程并抑制细胞增殖, 这一过程涉及到Bcl-2、Bax、分化群抗原(cluster of differentiation, CD) 133和CD44等关键蛋白的表达变化[42]。除了上述通路外, 研究发现, 针对乳腺癌(MDA-MB-231), DATS可通过抑制Notch信号去整合素金属蛋白酶(a disintegrin and metalloproteinases, ADAM) 10/17和锯齿状经典Notch配体(jagged canonical notch ligand, Jagged)-1/2, 降低肿瘤干细胞标志物CD44表达[43], 来抑制细胞增殖。在诱导细胞凋亡与自噬方面, 在基底细胞癌的研究中, 观察到DATS通过激活内质网应激和线粒体途径诱导凋亡, 涉及到p-P53、Bax、γ-组蛋白H2A.X表达上调和Bcl-2、Bcl-xl表达下调, 以及内质网应激相关蛋白GRP 78和CHOP/生长停滞和DNA损伤诱导蛋白153等的上调[44]。在肝癌(HepG2)研究中, DATS通过AMPK/沉默调节蛋白1 (Sirtuin 1, SIRT1)信号通路诱导细胞凋亡与自噬, 该过程主要影响LC3-II/I的蛋白表达[45]表2归纳了DATS在不同癌症模型中的作用机制。
通过以上研究可知, DATS作为天然来源的有机硫化合物, 通过MAPKs通路实现抑制与激活的双重作用; 通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路实现耐药逆转, 且其抑制效果成剂量依赖性; 通过Notch与Wnt/β-catenin通路来调控肿瘤干细胞特性。展现出了多维度抗肿瘤潜力, 但DATS长期服用存在一定的毒性风险[49], 未来应探索合适的用药剂量, 为抗肿瘤药物的开发提供依据。
SAMC通过定向作用于不同的信号传导路径并调整相关蛋白的表达, 在抑制肿瘤增长, 促进肿瘤细胞死亡, 阻止肿瘤细胞扩散及侵犯等方面发挥重要作用。在抑制肿瘤增殖与转移方面, SAMC靶向调控Wnt、MAPK/ERK等促癌通路, 降低β-catenin、增殖细胞核抗原等增殖相关蛋白表达。在肝癌研究中, SAMC通过降低低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白6和β-catenin的水平, 有效抑制了Wnt信号通路的活性, 从而减缓了肝癌细胞的增殖速率[50]。在口腔鳞癌研究中, SAMC通过抑制MAPK/ERK信号通路和下调Slug阻遏蛋白, 上调了E-cadherin分子的表达, 并稳定E-cadherin/ β-catenin黏附连接复合物, 从而减少了细胞增殖, 并减缓了癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力[51]。在诱导细胞凋亡与自噬方面, SAMC激活TGF-β、JNK/P38等促凋亡通路,上调Bax、Caspase-3等促凋亡因子。在肝癌研究中, SAMC还能通过提高P53和P21的表达, 以及促进PARP的分解, 从而促进细胞凋亡[50]。在结直肠癌和肝癌的研究中, 针对SW620和HepG2细胞, SAMC通过激活TGF-β信号通路, 提升了TGF-β1、转化生长因子β受体2的表达, 并激活了磷酸化的抗果蝇decapentaplegic蛋白同源物(mothers against decapentaplegic homologs, Smad)依赖的信号传递过程, 进而促进了癌细胞的凋亡[10]。结直肠癌(HCT-116)研究表明, SAMC通过激活自噬Akt/p62/核因子E2相关因子2路径, 调控了LC3-II和Bax表达的增加及Akt活性的下降, 促使结直肠癌细胞凋亡, 且间接抑制肿瘤生长及癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力[52]
综上所述, SAMC通过靶向Wnt、MAPK/ERK及TGF-β等通路, 通过抑制肿瘤增殖, 促进调亡, 阻止肿瘤细胞迁移和侵袭等来实现抗肿瘤作用。其中, Wnt通路是SAMC抑制肿瘤干性的核心靶点, 其调控效果与剂量相关。MAPK/ERK通路在SAMC抗肿瘤中呈现“抑制增殖、激活凋亡”的双重作用, 其方向性与肿瘤类型相关。TGF-β通路是SAMC诱导凋亡的重要途径, 但其激活可能受肿瘤微环境中TGF-β受体表达水平的限制。
DAS是一种从大蒜中提取的有机硫化合物, 近年来被广泛用于抗肿瘤治疗。通过靶向特定的信号通路和调节相关蛋白表达, DAS展现了其在抑制肿瘤生长, 诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡, 以及抑制肿瘤血管生成等方面的作用[53]。在人成骨肉瘤细胞株(MG63)和间变性甲状腺癌细胞(ATC)的研究中, DAS展示了其通过抑制血管生成因子VEGF的表达来阻止肿瘤血管生成, 并通过线粒体途径激活细胞凋亡, 从而抑制肿瘤生长[9,53]。在肝癌研究中, DAS通过诱导AMPK/mTOR信号通路的激活来抑制细胞生长, 此过程主要涉及LC3-II和P62的积累[54]
近期研究揭示了大蒜中多种活性物质, 如阿霍烯、大蒜丁香的正己烷提取物(hexane extracts of garlic cloves, HEGCs)、N-苄基-N-甲基十二烷-1-胺(N-benzyl-N-methyl- dodecan-1-amine, BMDA)、黑蒜提取物等, 对肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结肠癌和乳腺癌等多种癌症类型中展现出抗肿瘤活性[55-60]。这些物质通过激活或抑制特定的信号通路如JNK/P38、PI3K/Akt、TGF-β、Akt-ERK、活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)-JNK和β-catenin等, 调节关键蛋白表达, 有效促进癌细胞凋亡, 抑制细胞增殖, 迁移和侵袭, 以及诱导自噬和周期阻滞[55-60]表3归纳了DAS及其他大蒜活性成分在不同癌症模型中的作用机制。
研究表明, 大蒜素和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil, 5-FU)联合使用可使p-Akt/Akt比例升高, Bax表达升高、Bcl-2表达降低, 使人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231发生凋亡[63]。同时, 大蒜素能降低肝癌细胞内P-糖蛋白和多药耐药相关蛋白1的表达增加肝癌细胞(SMMC-7721)对5-FU诱导的细胞调亡的敏感性, 使细胞阻滞在G2/M期[64]。马锐等[65]研究发现, 大蒜素与长春瑞滨联合应用后能通过上调P21、P27蛋白的表达将胃癌细胞阻滞于G2/M期。有研究发现[66], 大蒜素通过影响CDK1的表达将非小细胞肺癌细胞阻滞在G2/M期, 从而破坏细胞周期并提高紫杉醇敏感性; 且当大蒜素与紫杉醇联合使用时, 大蒜素能促进紫杉醇抑制肿瘤生长的能力。
DATS与顺铂(diamminedichloroplatinum, DDP)联合应用会使顺铂抗肿瘤作用增强且毒副作用减小。其主要机制是DATS通过上调Bax和P53的表达, 下调Bcl-2、Bcl-xl的表达, 以及激活Caspase通路诱导BGC-823细胞凋亡[67]。此外, DATS与DDP的组合还可通过调节内质网应激和抑制STAT3/蛋白激酶Cδ亚型和MAPK信号通路协同增强抗肿瘤活性[68]
双硫仑(disulfiram, DSF)/铜(copper, Cu)和SAMC具有协同抗肿瘤效果。主要表现在DSF/Cu可通过促进母体胚胎亮氨酸拉链激酶降解来抑制肿瘤进程, 而不影响程序性死亡受体1的表达; SAMC可通过降低程序性死亡配体1的表达抑制肿瘤细胞的生长与转移[69]。SAMC联合顺铂能够显著抑制结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长, 其作用机制可能为通过降低肿瘤组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的表达, 升高转铁蛋白受体的表达水平来促进铁死亡,进而抑制肿瘤细胞生长[70]。且有研究表明, SAMC可改善顺铂诱导的细胞损伤。如SAMC可通过抑制Caspase 3/Gasdermin E通路介导的细胞焦亡改善顺铂诱导的肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)损伤。该过程涉及乳酸脱氢酶及白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-1β、IL-18的含量下降, 以及cleaved Caspase 3表达下降[71]
通过本文的表格数据可看出, 大蒜素、DATS、SAMC、DAS以及其他大蒜活性成分等体外实验的使用剂量, 远超临床可接受范围。且大蒜活性成分易分解, 生物利用率低; 大蒜活性成分进入人体后在血液、组织、脂肪中分散, 靶部位浓度被稀释。因此, 其在临床应用中的效果难以评估。因此, 在未来的研究中, 可通过药代动力学明确这些活性成分进入人体后的吸收程度和分布情况来评估大蒜活性成分的抗肿瘤效果。若吸收差, 即便体外实验显示高浓度下抗肿瘤效果显著, 在体内也难以发挥作用; 若药物不能有效聚集在肿瘤组织, 或穿透肿瘤细胞屏障, 则难以发挥靶向抗肿瘤作用。
从以上研究中得知, 大蒜中的多种活性成分, 如大蒜素、DATS、SAMC以及DAS等, 可通过调节多种信号通路发挥抑制肿瘤细胞增殖, 诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡, 抑制肿瘤细胞迁移与侵袭等抗肿瘤作用。此外, 大蒜活性成分还可与其他药物协同发挥抗肿瘤作用。这些发现为大蒜活性成分在预防和治疗肿瘤中提供了理论基础和实验支持。虽然已有研究表明食用大蒜与预防肿瘤疾病相关, 但由于大蒜活性成分不稳定, 所以大蒜产品抗肿瘤功效的稳定性也难以保证。因此, 未来研究应侧重于对大蒜产品生产工艺的优化, 如采用微胶囊化包埋技术(如壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复合载体)联合低温喷雾干燥工艺, 提升大蒜活性成分保存率, 充分发挥其在预防肿瘤疾病方面的价值。另外, 体外实验多采用高浓度(10~200 μmol/L)活性成分, 远超日常膳食摄入量(约1~5 μmol/L)。例如, 大蒜素在50 μmol/L时可诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡, 但人体需通过高剂量补充剂或药物制剂才能达到此浓度, 可能伴随胃肠刺激等副作用。因此, 开发纳米载体或联合用药以降低有效剂量, 是未来研究的重点。虽已有许多研究揭示了大蒜活性成分抗肿瘤的作用机制, 但多数研究仅停留于体外实验阶段, 对于人体临床试验较少。未来应侧重于对大蒜活性成分预防和治疗肿瘤的临床效果的研究, 同时进一步研究和明确大蒜活性成分抗肿瘤的分子机制, 以促进大蒜活性成分的抗肿瘤新药的开发。
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250327001
  • 接收时间:2025-03-27
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-27
基金
四川省中医药管理局2024年度中医药科研专项(2024MS232)
重大疾病靶点发现与蛋白药物研发四川省高校重点实验室项目(23LHZY04)
成都医学院医院发展研究中心项目(YYFZ23001)
智慧医养与老年健康管理四川省哲学社会科学重点实验室2024年度开放基金项目(ZHYYZKYB2417)
国家级大学生创新创业项目(2025137050015)
成都医学院校级级调研类大学生创新训练计划项目(2024dy309)
作者信息
    1 成都医学院第一附属中医医院, 成都市新都区中医医院, 成都 610500
    2 成都医学院公共卫生学院, 成都 610500
    3 东北国际医院, 沈阳 110623

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* 张薇薇(1985—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为营养与食品卫生学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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