Article(id=1217845645881299699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250318005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1742227200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768286628456, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768286628456, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768286628456, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768286628456, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217845635080962613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768286625881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768287480278, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=261, endPage=267, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217845646405587749, articleId=1217845645881299699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Research progress on the application of grains and cereals in baking premixed powders, columnId=1151895321719223288, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Processing and Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the growing awareness of public health, cereal and coarse grain foods, owing to their superior nutritional value and health-promoting functions, have increasingly become a critical dietary option for individuals with chronic diseases and are gaining favor among broader consumer groups. Consequently, the application of grains and cereals in baking premixes holds significant importance. This article reviewed the nutritional composition and efficacy of cereal and coarse grain premixed powders, examined their specific forms in food premixes, and emphasized the research progress regarding the food quality of cereal and coarse grain premixed powder products. Optimizing the particle size of coarse grain powders, adjusting formula compositions, and incorporating compound fermentation agents can effectively enhance the product quality and nutritional value of cereal and coarse grain baking premixed powders. Simultaneously, these methods improve the sensory experience of the final product, aligning it more closely with emerging trends in future food development. Grains and cereals, as potential daily dietary staples, possess the capability to comprehensively enhance food in terms of appearance, functionality, convenience and sensory enjoyment when formulated as ready-mixed powders. They are anticipated to become one of the key directions for the future development of the food industry. This article offers a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the healthy and diversified advancement of the baking industry.

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随着公众健康意识的不断提升, 谷物杂粮食品因其良好的营养价值和保健功能, 逐渐成为慢性病患者的重要膳食选择, 并受到更多消费群体的青睐。因此, 谷物杂粮在烘焙预拌粉中的应用具有重要意义。本文综述了谷物杂粮预拌粉的营养组成及其功效, 分析了其在食品预拌粉中的具体存在形式, 并重点探讨了关于谷物杂粮预拌粉产品食用品质的研究进展, 通过优化杂粮粉的颗粒度、调整配方组成以及引入复合发酵剂等手段, 可有效提升谷物杂粮烘焙预拌粉的产品品质和营养价值, 同时改善最终产品在感官体验, 使其更加契合未来食品发展的新趋势。谷物杂粮作为潜在的日常膳食产品, 其预拌粉形式具备实现食品在外观、功能性、便捷性及感官享受属性等多方面全面提升的能力, 有望成为食品行业未来发展的重要方向之一。本文为烘焙行业的健康化与多样化发展提供理论依据和技术指导。

, correspAuthors=林顺顺, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 林顺顺(1985—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品科学, 淀粉及其制品。E-mail:
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吴安(1980—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为烘焙预拌粉及烘焙产品。E-mail:

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吴安(1980—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为烘焙预拌粉及烘焙产品。E-mail:

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Nutritional benefits of cereals and miscellaneous grains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 营养成分 功效 文献
玉米 膳食纤维、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、微量元素等 玉米富含纤维素, 可显著降低肠道内致癌物质的浓度, 并减少腐质在肠道中的积累, 从而有效降低结肠癌和直肠癌的发病风险。最新研究发现, 玉米中含有的谷胱甘肽可与人体内的多种致癌物质结合, 进而有效抑制其致癌活性。因此, 玉米被誉为“长寿食品”, 具有重要的健康价值 [14-17]
红米 富含膳食纤维、蛋白质、氨基酸、植物脂肪、纤维素、维生素、核黄素和人体必需的微量元素等, 以及丰富的生物活性物质如黄酮、花青素、生物碱、甾醇、强心苷、甙皂、β-胡萝卜素等 具有滋阴补肾、健脾暖胃, 以及活血补血、润肤止痒、消肿散淤等功效, 被称之为神仙米、长寿米等 [18-20]
紫米 紫米富含膳食纤维、蛋白质、矿物质、多种维生素、γ-谷维素, 尤其是含有一般稻米缺乏的维生素C、胡萝卜素等, 此外, 还含有花色苷、黄酮和酚酸类等生物活性物质 紫米具有极高的营养价值, 不仅能够提供基础的营养成分, 其富含的花青素也被证实可降低癌症、肥胖等疾病的发病风险 [20-22]
小米 小米中富含蛋白质(12.91%), 其中必需氨基酸(除色氨酸)占蛋白质的42.03%, 多数氨基酸评分大于100, 可以满足人体需求, 且必需氨基酸指数为76.22, 高于其他粮食; 富含维生素, 矿物质(硒的含量为71 μg/kg, 高于大米2~7倍), 以及多酚物质 小米富含多种营养成分, 展现出显著的抗氧化活性, 并具有降低血糖和胆固醇的功效。此外, 小米还可作为天然着色剂应用于食品加工领域 [1,5]
高梁 富含蛋白质、膳食纤维、脂肪等。与其他粮食作物相比, 高粱的特点是丹宁含量较其他杂粮高(0.2%~2.0%) 高粱中的丹宁具有抗氧化作用, 对心脑血管疾病有良好的保健作用, 高粱食品对过度营养而导致的慢性疾病具有潜在的保健功效 [23-24]
黑米 富含蛋白质、氨基酸、植物脂肪、纤维素、维生素、核黄素和人体必需的微量元素等, 以及丰富的生物活性物质, 如黄酮、花青素、生物碱、甾醇、强心苷、甙皂、β-胡萝卜素等 黑米中富含的黑米花色苷具有多种功能特性, 如抗氧化活性、抗炎症、降血糖等, 同时黑米花色苷具有来源丰富、易获取、天然无害等优点, 黑米营养丰富且具有保健养颜抗衰防老的功能, 故有“长寿食品”之称 [18-19,25-26]
燕麦 富含有丰富的膳食纤维、必需氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素B1、矿物质、β-葡聚糖、皂苷、多酚类化合物等多种功能性物质 燕麦富含β-葡聚糖, 可有效辅助降低胆固醇和血糖水平, 其富含的膳食纤维与维生素B能够促进肠胃蠕动并调节血糖代谢; 皂苷、多酚类化合物具有抗脂质氧化、抗自由基、抗疲劳、抑制肿瘤细胞生长、免疫调节等作用 [7,27-28]
藜麦 富含蛋白质、膳食纤维、维生素B和膳食矿物质 藜麦蛋白含量丰富, 氨基酸均衡, 含有丰富的膳食纤维、矿物质元素和维生素, 且具有丰富的植物化学物质和抗氧化活性, 被誉为“超级食物” [4,29-31]
), ArticleFig(id=1217864253093105816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845645881299699, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

谷物类杂粮的营养功效

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 营养成分 功效 文献
玉米 膳食纤维、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、微量元素等 玉米富含纤维素, 可显著降低肠道内致癌物质的浓度, 并减少腐质在肠道中的积累, 从而有效降低结肠癌和直肠癌的发病风险。最新研究发现, 玉米中含有的谷胱甘肽可与人体内的多种致癌物质结合, 进而有效抑制其致癌活性。因此, 玉米被誉为“长寿食品”, 具有重要的健康价值 [14-17]
红米 富含膳食纤维、蛋白质、氨基酸、植物脂肪、纤维素、维生素、核黄素和人体必需的微量元素等, 以及丰富的生物活性物质如黄酮、花青素、生物碱、甾醇、强心苷、甙皂、β-胡萝卜素等 具有滋阴补肾、健脾暖胃, 以及活血补血、润肤止痒、消肿散淤等功效, 被称之为神仙米、长寿米等 [18-20]
紫米 紫米富含膳食纤维、蛋白质、矿物质、多种维生素、γ-谷维素, 尤其是含有一般稻米缺乏的维生素C、胡萝卜素等, 此外, 还含有花色苷、黄酮和酚酸类等生物活性物质 紫米具有极高的营养价值, 不仅能够提供基础的营养成分, 其富含的花青素也被证实可降低癌症、肥胖等疾病的发病风险 [20-22]
小米 小米中富含蛋白质(12.91%), 其中必需氨基酸(除色氨酸)占蛋白质的42.03%, 多数氨基酸评分大于100, 可以满足人体需求, 且必需氨基酸指数为76.22, 高于其他粮食; 富含维生素, 矿物质(硒的含量为71 μg/kg, 高于大米2~7倍), 以及多酚物质 小米富含多种营养成分, 展现出显著的抗氧化活性, 并具有降低血糖和胆固醇的功效。此外, 小米还可作为天然着色剂应用于食品加工领域 [1,5]
高梁 富含蛋白质、膳食纤维、脂肪等。与其他粮食作物相比, 高粱的特点是丹宁含量较其他杂粮高(0.2%~2.0%) 高粱中的丹宁具有抗氧化作用, 对心脑血管疾病有良好的保健作用, 高粱食品对过度营养而导致的慢性疾病具有潜在的保健功效 [23-24]
黑米 富含蛋白质、氨基酸、植物脂肪、纤维素、维生素、核黄素和人体必需的微量元素等, 以及丰富的生物活性物质, 如黄酮、花青素、生物碱、甾醇、强心苷、甙皂、β-胡萝卜素等 黑米中富含的黑米花色苷具有多种功能特性, 如抗氧化活性、抗炎症、降血糖等, 同时黑米花色苷具有来源丰富、易获取、天然无害等优点, 黑米营养丰富且具有保健养颜抗衰防老的功能, 故有“长寿食品”之称 [18-19,25-26]
燕麦 富含有丰富的膳食纤维、必需氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素B1、矿物质、β-葡聚糖、皂苷、多酚类化合物等多种功能性物质 燕麦富含β-葡聚糖, 可有效辅助降低胆固醇和血糖水平, 其富含的膳食纤维与维生素B能够促进肠胃蠕动并调节血糖代谢; 皂苷、多酚类化合物具有抗脂质氧化、抗自由基、抗疲劳、抑制肿瘤细胞生长、免疫调节等作用 [7,27-28]
藜麦 富含蛋白质、膳食纤维、维生素B和膳食矿物质 藜麦蛋白含量丰富, 氨基酸均衡, 含有丰富的膳食纤维、矿物质元素和维生素, 且具有丰富的植物化学物质和抗氧化活性, 被誉为“超级食物” [4,29-31]
), ArticleFig(id=1217864253202157733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845645881299699, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Existence form of miscellaneous grains in baking premixed powders

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
存在形式 具体描述 优点 缺点
籽粒状 俗称渣、粒、糁、谷物碎等, 是原料经破碎、研磨等物理加工处理后, 颗粒外观形态及尺寸大小发生改变 通常含有完整谷物中的皮层、糊粉层、胚乳和胚芽, 其组成几乎等同于全谷物。这类物料富含纤维、矿物质、维生素等, 作为健康食品及生活方式的代表, 受到越来越多消费者的青睐 加工性能和烹煮性能差, 比不上精制加工后的细粉类; 食用时口感粗糙, 适口性和柔滑性差
片状 麦类作物经清理、脱壳、剥皮、调质软化后, 采用辊压技术压制成粗细不同的片状物 颗粒辊压至片状过程中, 经过不同程度的熟化处理, 可以减少烹饪时间, 提升熟制后的产品的稠度, 有助于改善产品的蒸煮品质和食用品质, 提高消化性和吸收率。该产品容易熟化, 更适用于冲泡型即食产品的研发。如燕麦片、大麦片、小麦片、黑麦片等, 由于品类的不同, 特有的风味、口感和营养成分有所不同 历经高温熟化加工后, 将会比煮食麦片产品损失少许维生素
细粉状 经粉碎设备研磨形成粉状物 经研磨成粉处理后的五谷杂粮谷物, 其颗粒更为细小, 从而更易于人体消化与吸收。该粉状物更易于应用于主食产品的开发, 不仅能够丰富主食的种类与风味, 同时显著提升其营养价值 营养元素损失率增大; 容易吸湿、氧化, 滋生霉菌等, 严重缩短保质期
提取物或植物酵素 通过溶解萃取的手段将目标生物活性组分精炼出来, 作为特殊加工食材使用 如从大麦芯中提取的麦芽酚及麦芽提取物富含多种营养成分, 包括麦芽糖、果糖、葡萄糖、蛋白质、小分子肽、人体必需的氨基酸、多种维生素和矿物质, 同时还含有具有保健功能的β-葡聚糖和生育酚。可用于烘焙制作及及其最终产品中, 能够提升产品稳定性, 并改善其感官特性, 如面包产品的质构、风味和口感[9] 植物提取物中活性成分在加工过程中的有效保持或氧化变质问题
), ArticleFig(id=1217864253365735605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845645881299699, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

杂粮在烘焙预拌粉中的存在形式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
存在形式 具体描述 优点 缺点
籽粒状 俗称渣、粒、糁、谷物碎等, 是原料经破碎、研磨等物理加工处理后, 颗粒外观形态及尺寸大小发生改变 通常含有完整谷物中的皮层、糊粉层、胚乳和胚芽, 其组成几乎等同于全谷物。这类物料富含纤维、矿物质、维生素等, 作为健康食品及生活方式的代表, 受到越来越多消费者的青睐 加工性能和烹煮性能差, 比不上精制加工后的细粉类; 食用时口感粗糙, 适口性和柔滑性差
片状 麦类作物经清理、脱壳、剥皮、调质软化后, 采用辊压技术压制成粗细不同的片状物 颗粒辊压至片状过程中, 经过不同程度的熟化处理, 可以减少烹饪时间, 提升熟制后的产品的稠度, 有助于改善产品的蒸煮品质和食用品质, 提高消化性和吸收率。该产品容易熟化, 更适用于冲泡型即食产品的研发。如燕麦片、大麦片、小麦片、黑麦片等, 由于品类的不同, 特有的风味、口感和营养成分有所不同 历经高温熟化加工后, 将会比煮食麦片产品损失少许维生素
细粉状 经粉碎设备研磨形成粉状物 经研磨成粉处理后的五谷杂粮谷物, 其颗粒更为细小, 从而更易于人体消化与吸收。该粉状物更易于应用于主食产品的开发, 不仅能够丰富主食的种类与风味, 同时显著提升其营养价值 营养元素损失率增大; 容易吸湿、氧化, 滋生霉菌等, 严重缩短保质期
提取物或植物酵素 通过溶解萃取的手段将目标生物活性组分精炼出来, 作为特殊加工食材使用 如从大麦芯中提取的麦芽酚及麦芽提取物富含多种营养成分, 包括麦芽糖、果糖、葡萄糖、蛋白质、小分子肽、人体必需的氨基酸、多种维生素和矿物质, 同时还含有具有保健功能的β-葡聚糖和生育酚。可用于烘焙制作及及其最终产品中, 能够提升产品稳定性, 并改善其感官特性, 如面包产品的质构、风味和口感[9] 植物提取物中活性成分在加工过程中的有效保持或氧化变质问题
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谷物杂粮在烘焙预拌粉中的应用研究进展
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吴安 1 , 孙夫才 1 , 林顺顺 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品加工与工艺 2025,16(16): 261-267
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品加工与工艺 2025, 16(16): 261-267
谷物杂粮在烘焙预拌粉中的应用研究进展
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吴安1 , 孙夫才1, 林顺顺2, *
作者信息
  • 1 贝一食品(山东)有限公司, 临沂 276000
  • 2 河南农业大学食品科学技术学院, 郑州 450002
  • 吴安(1980—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为烘焙预拌粉及烘焙产品。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 林顺顺(1985—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品科学, 淀粉及其制品。E-mail:
Research progress on the application of grains and cereals in baking premixed powders
An WU1 , Fu-Cai SUN1, Shun-Shun LIN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Beiyi Food (Shandong) Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, China
  • 2 College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250318005
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随着公众健康意识的不断提升, 谷物杂粮食品因其良好的营养价值和保健功能, 逐渐成为慢性病患者的重要膳食选择, 并受到更多消费群体的青睐。因此, 谷物杂粮在烘焙预拌粉中的应用具有重要意义。本文综述了谷物杂粮预拌粉的营养组成及其功效, 分析了其在食品预拌粉中的具体存在形式, 并重点探讨了关于谷物杂粮预拌粉产品食用品质的研究进展, 通过优化杂粮粉的颗粒度、调整配方组成以及引入复合发酵剂等手段, 可有效提升谷物杂粮烘焙预拌粉的产品品质和营养价值, 同时改善最终产品在感官体验, 使其更加契合未来食品发展的新趋势。谷物杂粮作为潜在的日常膳食产品, 其预拌粉形式具备实现食品在外观、功能性、便捷性及感官享受属性等多方面全面提升的能力, 有望成为食品行业未来发展的重要方向之一。本文为烘焙行业的健康化与多样化发展提供理论依据和技术指导。

预拌粉  /  食用品质  /  营养  /  膳食纤维

With the growing awareness of public health, cereal and coarse grain foods, owing to their superior nutritional value and health-promoting functions, have increasingly become a critical dietary option for individuals with chronic diseases and are gaining favor among broader consumer groups. Consequently, the application of grains and cereals in baking premixes holds significant importance. This article reviewed the nutritional composition and efficacy of cereal and coarse grain premixed powders, examined their specific forms in food premixes, and emphasized the research progress regarding the food quality of cereal and coarse grain premixed powder products. Optimizing the particle size of coarse grain powders, adjusting formula compositions, and incorporating compound fermentation agents can effectively enhance the product quality and nutritional value of cereal and coarse grain baking premixed powders. Simultaneously, these methods improve the sensory experience of the final product, aligning it more closely with emerging trends in future food development. Grains and cereals, as potential daily dietary staples, possess the capability to comprehensively enhance food in terms of appearance, functionality, convenience and sensory enjoyment when formulated as ready-mixed powders. They are anticipated to become one of the key directions for the future development of the food industry. This article offers a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the healthy and diversified advancement of the baking industry.

premixed powders  /  edible quality  /  nutrition  /  dietary fiber
吴安, 孙夫才, 林顺顺. 谷物杂粮在烘焙预拌粉中的应用研究进展. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (16) : 261 -267 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250318005
An WU, Fu-Cai SUN, Shun-Shun LIN. Research progress on the application of grains and cereals in baking premixed powders[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (16) : 261 -267 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250318005
预拌粉是依据特定配方, 将食品制作过程中所需的多种原料和辅料进行科学配比与混合而成的复合产品。其主要目的是简化食品制作流程、降低技术门槛, 并确保最终产品的质量稳定性。近年来, 随着消费者对便捷、营养和美味的需求持续增长, 预拌粉已广泛应用于烘焙、面食、肉制品等多个领域, 预拌粉按照其应用领域可分为烘焙预拌粉、面食预拌粉、肉制品预拌粉等类型。根据《2024—2030年中国预拌粉行业产业运行现状及市场投资前景分析报告》的数据, 2015年我国预拌粉产量约为5.84万t, 市场规模约为10.68亿元; 到2023年, 我国预拌粉产量显著增长至约11.83万t, 市场规模扩大至约25.52亿元。其中, 烘焙预拌粉的产量占比超过预拌粉总产量的31.8%。同时, 经济社会的发展深刻影响了消费者的饮食选择, 而烤箱、面包机、搅拌机等家用设备以及成型模具、筛子、称量分装工具等专业烘焙器具的普及, 进一步推动了烘焙预拌粉市场的快速增长。预拌粉凭借其操作简便、品质稳定等显著优势, 在市场中占据越来越重要的地位。
传统烘焙预拌粉通常以小麦粉作为主要原料。为更好地满足市场需求, 研究人员通过引入杂粮类配料, 对烘焙预拌粉的配方进行了创新性改良与功能化升级。杂粮种类丰富多样, 主要包括谷物类(如玉米、小米、红米、黑米、紫米、高粱、燕麦等)、杂豆类(如黄豆、绿豆、红豆、黑豆等)以及块茎类(如红薯、山药、马铃薯等)[1-2]。其中, 谷物类杂粮由于富含膳食纤维、维生素、矿物质等营养成分, 并且能够与小麦粉有效复配, 从而显著提升烘焙产品的营养价值, 因此受到消费者和研究者的高度关注。
研究人员通过创新性的配方设计与先进加工技术的应用, 成功研发出一系列兼具功能性和健康价值的杂粮烘焙预拌粉产品。程莹[3]研究了黄精杂粮添加对蛋糕质构特性、感官评价、营养价值及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明, 与传统蛋糕相比, 黄精杂粮蛋糕在硬度、咀嚼性和胶黏性方面表现出显著提升, 且其感官口感更为优越。进一步分析发现, 黄精杂粮蛋糕中的蛋白质、膳食纤维、矿物质、总黄酮和总酚含量显著高于传统蛋糕, 而脂肪和总糖含量则显著低于传统蛋糕。此外, 黄精杂粮蛋糕的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除率(39.54%), 2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[ABTS]阳离子自由基清除率(32.01%), 分别是传统蛋糕的2.78倍和2.16倍, 展现出较强的抗氧化能力。李荟伶等[4]以开发新型藜麦低糖烘焙预拌粉为目标, 采用藜麦粉和低筋面粉为主要原料制备藜麦低糖戚风蛋糕。研究结果表明, 相较于传统戚风蛋糕, 藜麦低糖戚风蛋糕的总糖含量显著降低(7.83%), 而总黄酮(2.20 mg/g)和总多酚(3.22 mg/g)含量则显著提高, 从而展现出更高的营养价值。邓佳顺[5]基于小米的高营养价值, 研发了一种小米发糕预拌粉, 并通过引入发酵技术显著优化了产品的口感和质地, 从而有效提升了其风味品质。此外, 杂粮面包预拌粉[1,6-10]、全蛋蛋糕预拌粉[8]等一系列新型预拌粉的成功研制, 不仅丰富了市场上的健康食品选择, 也为消费者提供了更多兼具营养与美味的产品选项。
此外, 随着营养过剩问题的日益严重以及糖尿病、肥胖等健康问题的不断凸显, 富含人高膳食纤维、优质蛋白质等人体所需营养成分的谷物杂粮预拌粉, 更加符合现代人对健康生活方式的追求。如李美妮等[9]通过在配方中引入鹰嘴豆粉(16.93%)、燕麦纤维(7.90%)以及小麦纤维(7.00%), 成功开发出一种低血糖生成指数(glycemic index, GI)的面包预拌粉。研究结果显示, 该产品的预测血糖生成指数(expected glycemic index, EGI)显著降低至47.9±0.031, 表明该产品特别适合糖尿病患者及肥胖人群食用, 从而有效满足了特殊消费群体对健康烘焙产品的需求。生露露等[11]研发的藜麦戚风蛋糕预拌粉所制备的藜麦戚风蛋糕具备柔软且富有弹性的特点, 口感绵软细腻, 并带有藜麦特有的风味。此外, 研究人员还研发了富含乳清蛋白的马芬蛋糕预拌粉及曲奇饼干烘焙预拌粉[12], 以及添加板栗成分的蛋糕预拌粉[13]。这些产品的推出不仅拓展了烘焙预拌粉的产品种类, 还显著提升了产品的营养价值与健康属性。
本文以谷物杂粮的营养价值及其在烘焙预拌粉中的应用为切入点, 综合分析杂粮预拌粉产品的品质改良与研究进展, 系统阐述了谷物杂粮预拌粉对烘焙产品口感、质地及营养特性等品质方面的提升作用, 并进一步讨论了杂粮烘焙预拌粉的未来发展趋势, 旨在为烘焙产品的健康化与多元化发展提供新思路和方向, 并为烘焙行业的创新发展提供理论依据与实践指导。
杂粮是指除大米、小麦等常见主粮之外的多种粮食作物, 包括玉米、红米、紫米、小米、高粱、黑米、燕麦、藜麦等(表1)。这些杂粮富含膳食纤维、维生素、矿物质及抗氧化物质, 具有较高的营养价值和显著的保健功效。在烘焙食品中引入杂粮成分, 不仅能够改善产品的口感与质地, 还能显著增强其营养价值, 有助于调节血糖水平、促进消化功能, 从而为消费者提供更多的健康益处, 因此在营养学领域具有重要意义。
杂粮在烘焙预拌粉中的存在形式多种多样, 主要包括以下几种, 详见表2
未来食品发展的新趋势在于实现功能性、便捷性与感官享受属性的全面融合。谷物杂粮烘焙预拌粉不仅兼具功能性和便捷性, 其在口感享受属性方面的研究也已成为当前及未来的重要方向。为提高谷物杂粮类烘焙预拌粉的整体品质和口感体验, 研究人员在物料颗粒度、配方组成、复合发酵等方面开展了大量深入的研究与实践。
谷物杂粮粉的颗粒度大小对其在预拌粉中的分散性和均匀性具有直接影响, 从而显著影响预拌粉产品的整体品质与口感体验。张桂红等[32]研究表明, 馒头预拌粉中添加物的细度对最终馒头品质有显著作用。具体而言, 当预拌粉中糖粒度≤80目、食盐粒度≤40目、硬脂酰乳酸钠粒度≤60目时, 所制馒头的品质达到最佳状态。进一步研究表明, 若将谷物杂粮粉研磨至更细颗粒, 则可实现其与小麦粉等主粮粉的充分混合, 从而提升产品的均匀性与口感属性[33-34]。刘远洋等[35]通过采用超微粉碎技术对杂粮馒头进行优化, 结果表明, 高粱、豆类等杂粮经过400目筛以上处理后, 复配杂粮粉制备的杂粮馒头能够有效改善传统杂粮馒头的粗糙口感问题。
谷物杂粮预拌粉中面筋蛋白的含量是影响烘焙食品品质的关键因素之一。例如, 大麦粉中的总蛋白含量与小麦粉相近, 但其谷蛋白(以低分子量谷蛋白为主)含量高于小麦粉中的谷蛋白含量。这将导致预拌粉中的大麦粉对面团的面筋网络结构产生削弱作用。李真[36]研究表明, 当大麦粉的添加量超过30%时, 混合粉面团的形成时间与稳定时间显著缩短, 同时面团的筋力减弱、延展性降低。这些变化在最终产品中表现为面包比容和弹性下降、硬度增加、内部纹理结构劣化以及感官品质显著降低, 从而导致面包失去松软多孔的特性, 严重影响其烘焙品质。胡蒙蒙等[6]研究人员以燕麦粉和鹰嘴豆粉为主要原料, 探究了杂粮面包预拌粉的品质特性。研究结果表明, 由于燕麦粉和鹰嘴豆粉中缺乏面筋蛋白, 无法形成稳定的面筋网络结构, 当其分别以50%和30%的比例替代小麦粉时, 所制备的杂粮面包的比容分别从3.14 mL/g降低至1.68 mL/g和2.92 mL/g, 硬度则从833.52 g分别增加至1554.05 g和1230.73 g。上述变化显著影响了杂粮面包的整体食用品质。因此, 为解决谷物杂粮预拌粉因面筋蛋白含量较低而导致的烘焙品质问题, 研究人员通过在预拌粉中添加适量改良剂(如乳化剂、增稠剂等), 以改善产品的物理性能和加工性能, 提升烘焙产品的感官品质和稳定性。如在杂粮面包预拌粉中添加适量乳化剂, 可有效改善面团的延展性和柔软性。陈昊等[2]对燕麦鹰嘴豆杂粮面包预拌粉的烘焙品质进行了改良研究, 结果表明, 添加适量的黄原胶(0.78 g/100 g)和谷朊粉(3.42 g/100 g)后, 杂粮预拌粉面包在气味、内部结构、口感及整体接受度方面均优于纯小麦粉面包。聂英杰[37]对燕麦面包预拌粉的研究发现, 以30%燕麦粉替代高筋小麦粉制备燕麦面包预拌粉, 需要辅助添加木糖醇(6%), 复合膨松剂(1.8%)、黄原胶(0.4%)、单甘酯(0.4%)等, 所制燕麦面包的整体品质和食用品质最佳。
由于杂粮中面筋蛋白含量较低, 限制了杂粮面团的延展性和柔软性。研究人员通过利用酵母和乳酸菌等微生物对杂粮进行复合发酵处理, 不仅显著提升了杂粮最终产品的整体品质与营养价值, 还大幅增强了其风味物质和营养成分的多样性[38]。具体而言, 乳酸菌不仅可以优化面团的发酵效果, 提高发酵质量, 还具有调节肠道菌群、增强机体免疫功能等多重益处。谢水琪等[39]探讨了乳酸菌发酵剂对杂粮面团及其馒头品质的影响, 研究结果显示, 经过乳酸菌发酵处理后, 杂粮面团的抗性淀粉含量显著提升至32.88%, 面筋网络结构变得更加紧密; 同时, 馒头的体外蛋白消化率和比容均有所提高, 感官评分亦显著改善。此外, 张爱霞等[40]研究发现, 采用酵母菌与乳酸菌联合发酵的方式制备杂粮面包, 能够显著丰富风味物质, 因此得出, 联合乳酸菌发酵, 对改善酵母菌发酵多谷物杂粮面包品质方面具有积极作用。
总之, 利用乳酸菌、酵母菌等微生物复合发酵, 能够显著改善杂粮预拌粉最终产品的营养价值、风味及食用品质。这一复合发酵技术为促进杂粮预拌粉产业的快速发展提供了重要的理论参考和实践依据。
食物在口腔咀嚼过程中的口感享受属性近年来逐渐成为食品科学家关注的热点。食物的口腔咀嚼过程非常复杂, 涉及物质状态的动态转化以及界面流体运动形式的变化[41-42], 具体而言, 食品体系中的化学组分、颗粒尺寸、黏度性, 以及口腔咀嚼过程中的唾液分泌[43-47]等都会对界面流变和摩擦学特性产生显著影响, 从而影响食物在口腔咀嚼过程中所呈现的感官感知。对于预拌粉食品配方而言, 其成分通常包括不同粒径结构的杂粮及淀粉颗粒[48]、多种类型及用量的乳化剂[49]、改良剂[50]等, 这些配方组分的粒径差异及其类型特点, 对预拌粉最终产品的口感感知具有重要影响。然而, 目前关于杂粮预拌粉配方组分与其最终产品口感感知属性(特别是润滑性和质地特性)之间关系的客观评价研究尚显不足, 这极大限制了预拌粉行业在精准加工及产品食用品质。随着“健康中国战略”及《健康中国2030纲要》的实施, 消费者的健康意识显著增强, 对食品的功能性需求也从传统的“营养补充剂”逐步转向“日常膳食补充品”。在经济社会快速发展的背景下, 人们对食品的要求已不再局限于单一的营养素或补充剂层面, 而是追求全方位的功能性营养食品和个性化定制食品设计, 旨在将功能食品原料重新融入居民的日常饮食结构中, 使其成为标准化膳食的重要组成部分。未来食品发展的新趋势在于实现功能性、便捷性与口感体验的全面融合。杂粮预拌粉作为一种潜在的日常膳食产品, 若能实现预拌粉产品在美观性、口感享受属性、功能性、方便性等的全面结合, 即实现其在外观、口感、功能性和便捷性等方面的综合提升, 则有望引领未来食品行业的新潮流。
谷物杂粮作为一种富含营养且具有保健功能的天然食材, 在烘焙预拌粉中的应用具有重要意义。通过优化杂粮粉的颗粒度、配方组成以及复合发酵剂等手段, 不仅可以进一步提高谷物杂粮烘焙预拌粉的产品品质和营养价值, 还能改善预拌粉最终产品在食用过程中的感官体验, 高度契合未来食品发展的新趋势。
随着公众健康意识逐渐提高, 杂粮食品、低血糖生成指数(glycemic index, GI)食品和营养素强化食品不仅为慢性病患者提供了良好的食物选择, 也受到年轻群体尤其是减脂、健身和养生人群的广泛青睐。这些健康饮食新需求与庞大的消费群体不断带动普通预拌粉向健康的谷物杂粮预拌粉及功能预拌粉食品转变。在确保食品质地、口感和风味等品质不受影响的前提下, 提升预拌粉产品的营养与功能性已成为行业发展的关键目标。这对谷物杂粮预拌粉的工艺技术改进和产品升级提出了更高要求。未来, 企业需持续优化产品品质与技术水平, 强化品牌建设与市场推广策略, 以适应市场竞争并满足消费者日益增长的需求。
  • 河南省高等学校重点科研项目(24A550011)
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31901820)
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2025年第16卷第16期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250318005
  • 接收时间:2025-03-18
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18
基金
河南省高等学校重点科研项目(24A550011)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31901820)
作者信息
    1 贝一食品(山东)有限公司, 临沂 276000
    2 河南农业大学食品科学技术学院, 郑州 450002

通讯作者:

* 林顺顺(1985—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品科学, 淀粉及其制品。E-mail:
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spaq/CN/10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250318005
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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