Article(id=1217781126240850545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250317007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1742140800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768271245775, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768271245775, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768271245775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768271245775, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217779717386715826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768270909877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768299620707, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=205, endPage=217, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217781126731584135, articleId=1217781126240850545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Comprehensive evaluation of Actinidia chinensis Planch quality in major producing areas of China based on entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the quality differences between Actinidia chinensis Planch in China’s main production areas and New Zealand Actinidia chinensis Planch, and make a comprehensive evaluation. Methods This study used Actinidia chinensis Planch fruits from the main production areas of China and New Zealand Actinidia chinensis as experimental materials, analyzed the phenotypic traits, nutritional composition and sensory evaluation indexes of Actinidia chinensis Planch fruits, and analyzed and comprehensively evaluated the Actinidia chinensis Planch fruits by using the method of systematic description, entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was used to analyze and comprehensively evaluate Actinidia chinensis Planch. Results The quality indexes of Actinidia chinensis Planch fruits from different production areas differed significantly. The soluble solid content of red Actinidia chinensis Planch was the highest in Yunnan and Shaanxi, with 15.9 and 15.5%, respectively, and the lowest total acid content in Sichuan was0.86%, and the mean value of soluble sugar content was the highest in Yunnan and Sichuan, with 62.2% and 59.5%, respectively, Yunnan also had the highest mean fructose and glucose content (15.1% and 17.7%, respectively). The vitamin C content of greenheart Actinidia chinensis Planch was significantly higher than that of New Zealand for the Chinese production area; Hunan had the highest soluble solids content (18.0%), and the highest mean solid-acid ratios were found in Hunan (14.5) and Chongqing (14.4), the highest mean value of soluble sugar content was found in Chongqing (58.2%), but New Zealand had the highest mean values for fructose and glucose content, which were 14.2% and 16.4%, respectively. The yellow heart Actinidia chinensis Planch had the highest mean values of vitamin C, soluble solids, solid-acid ratio, soluble sugars, fructose and glucose content for New Zealand (0.89 mg/g, 16.7%, 14.3, 63.6%, 15.6% and 17.7%, respectively), but the sucrose content of Sichuan (3.73%) and Henan (3.61%) was higher than that of New Zealand. Conclusion The study show that there are quality differences between Actinidia chinensis Planch from China’s main production areas and New Zealand Actinidia chinensis Planch. The entropy weight-TOPSIS model show that the top two scores of red Actinidia chinensis Planch are the Hongyang Actinidia chinensis Planch from Yunnan and Sichuan, the top score of green Actinidia chinensis Planch is the CuiXiang Actinidia chinensis Planch from Shaanxi, and the Hayward Actinidia chinensis Planch from New Zealand ranked the 4th, while the top score of yellow Actinidia chinensis Planch is the Sunshine Golden Fruit Actinidia chinensis Planch from New Zealand, follow by the G3 Actinidia chinensis Planch from Sichuan and Yunnan. This study verify the validity of the multi-indicator evaluation through the three-dimensional correlation model of “sensory-composition-phenotype”, and provid methodological support for the construction of the Actinidia chinensis Planch quality evaluation system.

, correspAuthors=Li-Juan DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan-Ping YE, Kai-Xi LI, Ya-Nan BI, Tao LIN, Da-Ming CHEN, Li-Juan DU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217781129214612228, articleId=1217781126240850545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=基于熵权-逼近理想解排序法综合评价我国主产区猕猴桃的品质, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究我国主产区猕猴桃与新西兰猕猴桃的品质差异, 并对其进行综合性评价。方法 本研究以我国主产区和新西兰猕猴桃果实为实验材料, 分析猕猴桃果实的表型性状、营养成分和感官评定指标, 采用系统性描述、熵权-逼近理想解排序(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, TOPSIS)法, 对猕猴桃进行分析和综合评价。结果 不同产区猕猴桃果实的品质指标存在显著差异, 红心猕猴桃为云南和陕西的可溶性固形物含量最高, 分别为15.9%和15.5%, 四川的总酸最低为0.86%, 云南和四川的可溶性糖含量均值最高分别为62.2%和59.5%, 云南的果糖和葡萄糖含量均值最高, 分别为15.1%和17.7%。绿心猕猴桃为中国产区维生素C含量的显著高于新西兰; 湖南的可溶性固形物含量最高(18.0%), 固酸比均值最高的是湖南(14.5)和重庆(14.4), 可溶性糖含量均值最高的是重庆(58.2%), 但是新西兰的果糖和葡萄糖含量均值最高, 分别为14.2%和16.4%。黄心猕猴桃为新西兰的维生素C、可溶性固形物、固酸比、可溶性糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量均值都是最高(分别为0.89 mg/g、16.7%、14.3、63.6%、15.6%、17.7%), 但是四川(3.73%)与河南(3.61%)的蔗糖含量比新西兰高。结论 研究表明我国主产区猕猴桃与新西兰猕猴桃存在品质差异。通过熵权-TOPSIS模型评价结果显示, 红心猕猴桃得分前2名为云南和四川的红阳猕猴桃, 绿心猕猴桃得分最高为陕西的翠香猕猴桃, 新西兰的海沃德猕猴桃排名第4, 黄心猕猴桃得分最高为新西兰的阳光金果猕猴桃, 其次是四川和云南的G3猕猴桃。本研究通过“感官-成分-表型”三维关联模型, 验证了多指标综合评价的有效性, 为构建猕猴桃品质评价体系提供了方法论支撑。

, correspAuthors=杜丽娟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*杜丽娟(1981—), 女, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:
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叶艳萍(1986—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:

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Food Science and Technology, 2014, 39(11): 71-73., articleTitle=Nutritional evaluation of kiwifruit with red-fleshed pulp, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217833929516699921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781126240850545, awardId=GF-TSPZ-2024005-2, language=CN, fundingSource=农产品品质规格营养功能评价项目(GF-TSPZ-2024005-2), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217833929629946140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781126240850545, awardId=202305AF150015, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省院士专家工作站项目(202305AF150015), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217833920675107519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781126240850545, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833920683496128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781126240850545, companyId=1217833920675107519, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833920696079041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781126240850545, companyId=1217833920675107519, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 云南省农业科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所, 昆明 650205)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217833920805130959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781126240850545, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833920826102481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781126240850545, companyId=1217833920805130959, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Institute of Tropical Eco-agriculture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chuxiong 651399, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833920847074004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781126240850545, companyId=1217833920805130959, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所, 楚雄 651399)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217833925385310217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781126240850545, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Comparison of phenotypic traits of different types of Actinidia chinensis Planch, figureFileSmall=8J7EU/PIiBlRgkG5nw2gwA==, figureFileBig=IcPopAvz8q/67qKX4TW42w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833925569859608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781126240850545, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同类型猕猴桃果实表型性状的比较

注: 不同小写字母表示组间具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 下同。

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Sampling information of Actinidia chinensis Planch

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 类型 品种 样品来源
省份 市(县)
1 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南省 屏边县玉屏镇
2 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南省 屏边县湾塘乡
3 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南省 石屏县白河镇
4 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南省 丘北县双龙营镇
5 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南省 丘北县树皮乡
6 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 四川省 蒲江县寿安镇
7 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 四川省 苍溪县
8 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 四川省 蒲江县西来镇
9 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 陕西省 周至县
10 绿心猕猴桃 翠香猕猴桃 云南省 西畴县
11 绿心猕猴桃 徐香猕猴桃 云南省 楚雄市
12 绿心猕猴桃 翠玉猕猴桃 云南省 昆明市
13 绿心猕猴桃 贵长猕猴桃 云南省 威信县
14 绿心猕猴桃 翠香猕猴桃 陕西省 周至县
15 绿心猕猴桃 徐香猕猴桃 陕西省 周至县
16 绿心猕猴桃 徐香猕猴桃 陕西省 眉县
17 绿心猕猴桃 翠香猕猴桃 重庆市 彭水县
18 绿心猕猴桃 翠玉猕猴桃 湖南省 龙山县
19 绿心猕猴桃 翠玉猕猴桃 湖南省 邵阳市
20 绿心猕猴桃 贵长猕猴桃 贵州省 修文县
21 绿心猕猴桃 海沃德 新西兰 昆明盒马鲜生超市
22 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 云南省 楚雄市
23 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 云南省 西畴县
24 黄心猕猴桃 G3猕猴桃 云南省 西畴县
25 黄心猕猴桃 G3猕猴桃 四川省 雅安市
26 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 四川省 蒲江县复兴乡
27 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 四川省 蒲江县大兴镇
28 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 河南省 南阳市
29 黄心猕猴桃 金桃猕猴桃 河南省 西峡县
30 黄心猕猴桃 黄心猕猴桃 陕西省 周至县
31 黄心猕猴桃 阳光金果 新西兰 昆明盒马鲜生超市
), ArticleFig(id=1217833928753336522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781126240850545, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

猕猴桃采样信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 类型 品种 样品来源
省份 市(县)
1 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南省 屏边县玉屏镇
2 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南省 屏边县湾塘乡
3 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南省 石屏县白河镇
4 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南省 丘北县双龙营镇
5 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南省 丘北县树皮乡
6 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 四川省 蒲江县寿安镇
7 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 四川省 苍溪县
8 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 四川省 蒲江县西来镇
9 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 陕西省 周至县
10 绿心猕猴桃 翠香猕猴桃 云南省 西畴县
11 绿心猕猴桃 徐香猕猴桃 云南省 楚雄市
12 绿心猕猴桃 翠玉猕猴桃 云南省 昆明市
13 绿心猕猴桃 贵长猕猴桃 云南省 威信县
14 绿心猕猴桃 翠香猕猴桃 陕西省 周至县
15 绿心猕猴桃 徐香猕猴桃 陕西省 周至县
16 绿心猕猴桃 徐香猕猴桃 陕西省 眉县
17 绿心猕猴桃 翠香猕猴桃 重庆市 彭水县
18 绿心猕猴桃 翠玉猕猴桃 湖南省 龙山县
19 绿心猕猴桃 翠玉猕猴桃 湖南省 邵阳市
20 绿心猕猴桃 贵长猕猴桃 贵州省 修文县
21 绿心猕猴桃 海沃德 新西兰 昆明盒马鲜生超市
22 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 云南省 楚雄市
23 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 云南省 西畴县
24 黄心猕猴桃 G3猕猴桃 云南省 西畴县
25 黄心猕猴桃 G3猕猴桃 四川省 雅安市
26 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 四川省 蒲江县复兴乡
27 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 四川省 蒲江县大兴镇
28 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 河南省 南阳市
29 黄心猕猴桃 金桃猕猴桃 河南省 西峡县
30 黄心猕猴桃 黄心猕猴桃 陕西省 周至县
31 黄心猕猴桃 阳光金果 新西兰 昆明盒马鲜生超市
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Results of entropy weight

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指标 类型 熵值 变异系数 权重
红心 绿心 黄心 红心 绿心 黄心 红心 绿心 黄心
维生素C/(mg/g) T 0.7992 0.9307 0.8037 0.2008 0.0693 0.1963 0.1321 0.0586 0.1189
可溶性固形物/% T 0.9381 0.8840 0.8467 0.0619 0.1160 0.1533 0.0407 0.0982 0.0929
总酸/% F 0.8925 0.9339 0.9327 0.1075 0.0661 0.0673 0.0707 0.0559 0.0408
固酸比 M 0.9975 0.9992 0.9987 0.0025 0.0008 0.0013 0.0016 0.0006 0.0008
可溶性糖/% T 0.8829 0.8540 0.8792 0.1171 0.1460 0.1208 0.0771 0.1236 0.0732
果糖/% T 0.8293 0.8756 0.8921 0.1707 0.1244 0.1079 0.1123 0.1053 0.0654
葡萄糖/% T 0.8204 0.9041 0.8841 0.1796 0.0959 0.1159 0.1181 0.0811 0.0702
蔗糖/% T 0.8986 0.8673 0.9375 0.1014 0.1327 0.0625 0.0667 0.1123 0.0379
果形一致度 T 0.9035 0.9504 0.9315 0.0965 0.0496 0.0685 0.0635 0.0420 0.0415
风味 T 0.9259 0.9344 0.8422 0.0741 0.0656 0.1578 0.0488 0.0555 0.0956
果芯融合度 T 0.8840 0.9430 0.8016 0.1160 0.0570 0.1984 0.0763 0.0482 0.1202
果肉肉质 T 0.8991 0.8736 0.8504 0.1009 0.1264 0.1496 0.0664 0.1069 0.0906
甜度 T 0.9357 0.9416 0.8723 0.0643 0.0584 0.1277 0.0423 0.0494 0.0774
酸度 F 0.8732 0.9266 0.8768 0.1268 0.0734 0.1232 0.0834 0.0621 0.0747
), ArticleFig(id=1217833928992411882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781126240850545, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

熵权结果

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指标 类型 熵值 变异系数 权重
红心 绿心 黄心 红心 绿心 黄心 红心 绿心 黄心
维生素C/(mg/g) T 0.7992 0.9307 0.8037 0.2008 0.0693 0.1963 0.1321 0.0586 0.1189
可溶性固形物/% T 0.9381 0.8840 0.8467 0.0619 0.1160 0.1533 0.0407 0.0982 0.0929
总酸/% F 0.8925 0.9339 0.9327 0.1075 0.0661 0.0673 0.0707 0.0559 0.0408
固酸比 M 0.9975 0.9992 0.9987 0.0025 0.0008 0.0013 0.0016 0.0006 0.0008
可溶性糖/% T 0.8829 0.8540 0.8792 0.1171 0.1460 0.1208 0.0771 0.1236 0.0732
果糖/% T 0.8293 0.8756 0.8921 0.1707 0.1244 0.1079 0.1123 0.1053 0.0654
葡萄糖/% T 0.8204 0.9041 0.8841 0.1796 0.0959 0.1159 0.1181 0.0811 0.0702
蔗糖/% T 0.8986 0.8673 0.9375 0.1014 0.1327 0.0625 0.0667 0.1123 0.0379
果形一致度 T 0.9035 0.9504 0.9315 0.0965 0.0496 0.0685 0.0635 0.0420 0.0415
风味 T 0.9259 0.9344 0.8422 0.0741 0.0656 0.1578 0.0488 0.0555 0.0956
果芯融合度 T 0.8840 0.9430 0.8016 0.1160 0.0570 0.1984 0.0763 0.0482 0.1202
果肉肉质 T 0.8991 0.8736 0.8504 0.1009 0.1264 0.1496 0.0664 0.1069 0.0906
甜度 T 0.9357 0.9416 0.8723 0.0643 0.0584 0.1277 0.0423 0.0494 0.0774
酸度 F 0.8732 0.9266 0.8768 0.1268 0.0734 0.1232 0.0834 0.0621 0.0747
), ArticleFig(id=1217833929147601139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781126240850545, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of TOPSIS evaluation

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编号 类型 品种 样品来源 正理想解欧式距离(Di+) 负理想解欧式距离(Di-) 相似接近度(Ci) 排序
1 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南 0.1902 0.1533 0.4463 6
2 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南 0.2380 0.1354 0.3625 8
3 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南 0.1581 0.1916 0.5479 2
4 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南 0.1030 0.2678 0.7223 1
5 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南 0.1687 0.1598 0.4865 4
6 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 四川 0.1790 0.1448 0.4472 5
7 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 四川 0.2066 0.1305 0.3871 7
8 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 四川 0.1524 0.1828 0.5453 3
9 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 陕西 0.2523 0.0805 0.2418 9
10 绿心猕猴桃 翠香猕猴桃 云南 0.1907 0.1595 0.4554 7
11 绿心猕猴桃 徐香猕猴桃 云南 0.1908 0.1499 0.4400 8
12 绿心猕猴桃 翠玉猕猴桃 云南 0.1759 0.1832 0.5101 6
13 绿心猕猴桃 贵长猕猴桃 云南 0.2069 0.1504 0.4209 9
14 绿心猕猴桃 翠香猕猴桃 陕西 0.1271 0.2058 0.6182 1
15 绿心猕猴桃 徐香猕猴桃 陕西 0.2521 0.0949 0.2736 12
16 绿心猕猴桃 徐香猕猴桃 陕西 0.1905 0.1279 0.4016 10
17 绿心猕猴桃 翠香猕猴桃 重庆 0.1275 0.1991 0.6096 3
18 绿心猕猴桃 翠玉猕猴桃 湖南 0.1429 0.2234 0.6099 2
19 绿心猕猴桃 翠玉猕猴桃 湖南 0.2033 0.1315 0.3927 11
20 绿心猕猴桃 贵长猕猴桃 贵州 0.1675 0.1785 0.5160 5
21 绿心猕猴桃 海沃德 新西兰 0.1715 0.1980 0.5358 4
22 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 云南 0.1727 0.1594 0.4800 4
23 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 云南 0.1869 0.1416 0.4311 5
24 黄心猕猴桃 G3猕猴桃 云南 0.1389 0.2259 0.6192 3
25 黄心猕猴桃 G3猕猴桃 四川 0.1026 0.2241 0.6859 2
26 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 四川 0.2049 0.1474 0.4184 6
27 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 四川 0.2486 0.0689 0.2170 10
28 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 河南 0.2519 0.0873 0.2574 9
29 黄心猕猴桃 金桃猕猴桃 河南 0.2332 0.0813 0.2585 8
30 黄心猕猴桃 黄心猕猴桃 陕西 0.2151 0.1319 0.3801 7
31 黄心猕猴桃 阳光金果 新西兰 0.0834 0.2491 0.7492 1
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TOPSIS评价结果

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编号 类型 品种 样品来源 正理想解欧式距离(Di+) 负理想解欧式距离(Di-) 相似接近度(Ci) 排序
1 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南 0.1902 0.1533 0.4463 6
2 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南 0.2380 0.1354 0.3625 8
3 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南 0.1581 0.1916 0.5479 2
4 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南 0.1030 0.2678 0.7223 1
5 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 云南 0.1687 0.1598 0.4865 4
6 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 四川 0.1790 0.1448 0.4472 5
7 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 四川 0.2066 0.1305 0.3871 7
8 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 四川 0.1524 0.1828 0.5453 3
9 红心猕猴桃 红阳猕猴桃 陕西 0.2523 0.0805 0.2418 9
10 绿心猕猴桃 翠香猕猴桃 云南 0.1907 0.1595 0.4554 7
11 绿心猕猴桃 徐香猕猴桃 云南 0.1908 0.1499 0.4400 8
12 绿心猕猴桃 翠玉猕猴桃 云南 0.1759 0.1832 0.5101 6
13 绿心猕猴桃 贵长猕猴桃 云南 0.2069 0.1504 0.4209 9
14 绿心猕猴桃 翠香猕猴桃 陕西 0.1271 0.2058 0.6182 1
15 绿心猕猴桃 徐香猕猴桃 陕西 0.2521 0.0949 0.2736 12
16 绿心猕猴桃 徐香猕猴桃 陕西 0.1905 0.1279 0.4016 10
17 绿心猕猴桃 翠香猕猴桃 重庆 0.1275 0.1991 0.6096 3
18 绿心猕猴桃 翠玉猕猴桃 湖南 0.1429 0.2234 0.6099 2
19 绿心猕猴桃 翠玉猕猴桃 湖南 0.2033 0.1315 0.3927 11
20 绿心猕猴桃 贵长猕猴桃 贵州 0.1675 0.1785 0.5160 5
21 绿心猕猴桃 海沃德 新西兰 0.1715 0.1980 0.5358 4
22 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 云南 0.1727 0.1594 0.4800 4
23 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 云南 0.1869 0.1416 0.4311 5
24 黄心猕猴桃 G3猕猴桃 云南 0.1389 0.2259 0.6192 3
25 黄心猕猴桃 G3猕猴桃 四川 0.1026 0.2241 0.6859 2
26 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 四川 0.2049 0.1474 0.4184 6
27 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 四川 0.2486 0.0689 0.2170 10
28 黄心猕猴桃 金艳猕猴桃 河南 0.2519 0.0873 0.2574 9
29 黄心猕猴桃 金桃猕猴桃 河南 0.2332 0.0813 0.2585 8
30 黄心猕猴桃 黄心猕猴桃 陕西 0.2151 0.1319 0.3801 7
31 黄心猕猴桃 阳光金果 新西兰 0.0834 0.2491 0.7492 1
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基于熵权-逼近理想解排序法综合评价我国主产区猕猴桃的品质
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叶艳萍 1 , 李凯茜 1 , 毕亚楠 1 , 林涛 1 , 陈大明 2 , 杜丽娟 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(12): 205-217
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(12): 205-217
基于熵权-逼近理想解排序法综合评价我国主产区猕猴桃的品质
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叶艳萍1 , 李凯茜1, 毕亚楠1, 林涛1, 陈大明2, 杜丽娟1, *
作者信息
  • 1 云南省农业科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所, 昆明 650205
  • 2 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所, 楚雄 651399
  • 叶艳萍(1986—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*杜丽娟(1981—), 女, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:
Comprehensive evaluation of Actinidia chinensis Planch quality in major producing areas of China based on entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method
Yan-Ping YE1 , Kai-Xi LI1, Ya-Nan BI1, Tao LIN1, Da-Ming CHEN2, Li-Juan DU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
  • 2 Institute of Tropical Eco-agriculture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chuxiong 651399, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250317007
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目的 探究我国主产区猕猴桃与新西兰猕猴桃的品质差异, 并对其进行综合性评价。方法 本研究以我国主产区和新西兰猕猴桃果实为实验材料, 分析猕猴桃果实的表型性状、营养成分和感官评定指标, 采用系统性描述、熵权-逼近理想解排序(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, TOPSIS)法, 对猕猴桃进行分析和综合评价。结果 不同产区猕猴桃果实的品质指标存在显著差异, 红心猕猴桃为云南和陕西的可溶性固形物含量最高, 分别为15.9%和15.5%, 四川的总酸最低为0.86%, 云南和四川的可溶性糖含量均值最高分别为62.2%和59.5%, 云南的果糖和葡萄糖含量均值最高, 分别为15.1%和17.7%。绿心猕猴桃为中国产区维生素C含量的显著高于新西兰; 湖南的可溶性固形物含量最高(18.0%), 固酸比均值最高的是湖南(14.5)和重庆(14.4), 可溶性糖含量均值最高的是重庆(58.2%), 但是新西兰的果糖和葡萄糖含量均值最高, 分别为14.2%和16.4%。黄心猕猴桃为新西兰的维生素C、可溶性固形物、固酸比、可溶性糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量均值都是最高(分别为0.89 mg/g、16.7%、14.3、63.6%、15.6%、17.7%), 但是四川(3.73%)与河南(3.61%)的蔗糖含量比新西兰高。结论 研究表明我国主产区猕猴桃与新西兰猕猴桃存在品质差异。通过熵权-TOPSIS模型评价结果显示, 红心猕猴桃得分前2名为云南和四川的红阳猕猴桃, 绿心猕猴桃得分最高为陕西的翠香猕猴桃, 新西兰的海沃德猕猴桃排名第4, 黄心猕猴桃得分最高为新西兰的阳光金果猕猴桃, 其次是四川和云南的G3猕猴桃。本研究通过“感官-成分-表型”三维关联模型, 验证了多指标综合评价的有效性, 为构建猕猴桃品质评价体系提供了方法论支撑。

熵权-逼近理想解排序法  /  猕猴桃  /  综合评价

Objective To investigate the quality differences between Actinidia chinensis Planch in China’s main production areas and New Zealand Actinidia chinensis Planch, and make a comprehensive evaluation. Methods This study used Actinidia chinensis Planch fruits from the main production areas of China and New Zealand Actinidia chinensis as experimental materials, analyzed the phenotypic traits, nutritional composition and sensory evaluation indexes of Actinidia chinensis Planch fruits, and analyzed and comprehensively evaluated the Actinidia chinensis Planch fruits by using the method of systematic description, entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was used to analyze and comprehensively evaluate Actinidia chinensis Planch. Results The quality indexes of Actinidia chinensis Planch fruits from different production areas differed significantly. The soluble solid content of red Actinidia chinensis Planch was the highest in Yunnan and Shaanxi, with 15.9 and 15.5%, respectively, and the lowest total acid content in Sichuan was0.86%, and the mean value of soluble sugar content was the highest in Yunnan and Sichuan, with 62.2% and 59.5%, respectively, Yunnan also had the highest mean fructose and glucose content (15.1% and 17.7%, respectively). The vitamin C content of greenheart Actinidia chinensis Planch was significantly higher than that of New Zealand for the Chinese production area; Hunan had the highest soluble solids content (18.0%), and the highest mean solid-acid ratios were found in Hunan (14.5) and Chongqing (14.4), the highest mean value of soluble sugar content was found in Chongqing (58.2%), but New Zealand had the highest mean values for fructose and glucose content, which were 14.2% and 16.4%, respectively. The yellow heart Actinidia chinensis Planch had the highest mean values of vitamin C, soluble solids, solid-acid ratio, soluble sugars, fructose and glucose content for New Zealand (0.89 mg/g, 16.7%, 14.3, 63.6%, 15.6% and 17.7%, respectively), but the sucrose content of Sichuan (3.73%) and Henan (3.61%) was higher than that of New Zealand. Conclusion The study show that there are quality differences between Actinidia chinensis Planch from China’s main production areas and New Zealand Actinidia chinensis Planch. The entropy weight-TOPSIS model show that the top two scores of red Actinidia chinensis Planch are the Hongyang Actinidia chinensis Planch from Yunnan and Sichuan, the top score of green Actinidia chinensis Planch is the CuiXiang Actinidia chinensis Planch from Shaanxi, and the Hayward Actinidia chinensis Planch from New Zealand ranked the 4th, while the top score of yellow Actinidia chinensis Planch is the Sunshine Golden Fruit Actinidia chinensis Planch from New Zealand, follow by the G3 Actinidia chinensis Planch from Sichuan and Yunnan. This study verify the validity of the multi-indicator evaluation through the three-dimensional correlation model of “sensory-composition-phenotype”, and provid methodological support for the construction of the Actinidia chinensis Planch quality evaluation system.

entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution  /  Actinidia chinensis Planch  /  comprehensive evaluation
叶艳萍, 李凯茜, 毕亚楠, 林涛, 陈大明, 杜丽娟. 基于熵权-逼近理想解排序法综合评价我国主产区猕猴桃的品质. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (12) : 205 -217 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250317007
Yan-Ping YE, Kai-Xi LI, Ya-Nan BI, Tao LIN, Da-Ming CHEN, Li-Juan DU. Comprehensive evaluation of Actinidia chinensis Planch quality in major producing areas of China based on entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (12) : 205 -217 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250317007
猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.), 又名“奇异果”, 为猕猴桃科猕猴桃属落叶藤本果树, 适应性强, 温带和亚热带地区均可种植, 分布范围较广, 全球共有23个国家种植猕猴桃[1-2]。果肉根据品种不同可分为绿心、黄心和红心3种类型[3]。猕猴桃有着“水果之王”“水果中的维C之王”的美誉, 果肉柔软多汁, 风味独特, 香气浓郁, 深受全球消费者喜欢。不仅如此, 猕猴桃还具有全面丰富的营养物质, 具备增强机体免疫、抗压解乏、滋养美容、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、预防心血管疾病、抗氧化等对人体有益的保健功效与药用价值[4-7]。我国是猕猴桃的起源和分布中心, 全球已确认猕猴桃属有54个种, 其中52个种原产于中国境内, 野生种质资源极为丰富[8-9]。中华猕猴桃是猕猴桃属(Actinidia)的原生种之一, 原产于中国长江流域及以南地区, 早在唐代《本草拾遗》中已有记载。其果实表皮较光滑(部分有短绒毛), 果肉颜色从红到黄不等, 国内代表性的黄肉品种有金艳、G3等, 主产区在四川、陕西、河南、云南等。红心猕猴桃是通过中华猕猴桃与野生红肉种的杂交选育而成, 国内代表性的红肉品种有红阳, 主产区在四川、陕西、云南等[10-11], 美味猕猴桃最初被认为是中华猕猴桃的一个变种, 后独立为单独物种。特点是果实表皮密布褐色硬毛, 果肉绿色, 酸度较高, 耐储运性强, 主要品种有翠香、翠玉等, 主产区在四川、云南等。国外猕猴桃的主产区在新西兰, 其中华猕猴桃的代表性品种为新西兰的阳光金果, 它的基因源自中华猕猴桃的变种, 为黄心猕猴桃的代表。美味猕猴桃的代表性品种为新西兰的海沃德(Hayward)。
猕猴桃果实的表型性状(包括果实的大小和形状)是评价果实品质最直观的指标, 风味和口感是消费者选购的核心影响因素[12-13]。如总酸、可溶性固形物及果糖、葡萄糖以及香气、质地等[14-15], 猕猴桃果实最重要的维生素C也成为了评价猕猴桃品质不可或缺的一项指标[16]。科学模型的构建是猕猴桃品质综合评价研究发展趋势之一, 孙风霞等[17]采用主成分分析法和聚类分析法筛选出横径、总酸、维生素C和钙4个猕猴桃核心品质指标, 但主成分分析因降维处理存在关键信息丢失风险。申素云等[18]建立相关性分析消费者整体喜好度与可溶性固形物、甜度的相关性, 该方法只能确认指标间的关联性, 无法实现多指标权重分配和综合排序; 郭琳琳等[19]通过相关性分析和层次分析提出了可溶性固形物、总酸、维生素C和类胡萝卜素为代表的品质综合评价标准, 存在主观偏差风险等缺点。因此需要建立一种猕猴桃多产区、多品种的复合评价模型。
熵权-逼近理想解排序(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, TOPSIS)法是一种结合了熵权法和TOPSIS法的多属性决策方法。它通过客观赋权(熵权法)确定指标权重, 再通过TOPSIS法对方案进行排序, 广泛应用于多指标、多方案的复杂综合评价法[20-22]。已成功应用于野菊花[23]、草果[24]、鱼腥草[25]、人参果[26]等质量评价。然而鲜见用于猕猴桃果实品质指标的综合评价。基于此, 本研究选取我国主产区以及新西兰的猕猴桃果实作为实验材料, 分析猕猴桃果实的表型性状、营养成分和感官评定指标, 采用系统性描述和熵权-TOPSIS法, 对猕猴桃进行分析和综合评价。旨在为我国猕猴桃产业的品质提升、品牌建设、市场竞争力增强以及科学合理的品种选育等方面提供数据支撑和理论依据。
2024年8月—10月采集全国猕猴桃主产区陕西、四川、贵州、云南等省份猕猴桃的生产基地和新西兰的佳沛阳光金果和海沃德共计31份详细信息见表1, 在猕猴桃商品成熟期, 以种植基地为单位, 每个种植基地同一品种采集1个样品, 随机取样, 每个样品采集5 kg, 包装完好运回实验室, 待果实硬度降至0.5~0.8 kg/cm2时, 每个样品随机选取10个果实用于表型性状测定, 剩余的样品, 一部分匀浆后速冻置于-18 ℃保存, 用于营养成分测定, 另一部分直接用于鲜果感官评定。
偏磷酸(≥38%)、草酸、碳酸氢钠、6-二氯靛酚(2,6-二氯靛酚钠盐)、L(+)-抗坏血酸(优级纯)、乙醇(95%)、酚酞、氢氧化钠、3,5-二硝基水杨酸、酒石酸钾钠、亚铁氰化钾、乙酸锌、盐酸、冰乙酸、乙腈(色谱纯)(国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 果糖标准品(≥99%)、葡萄糖标准品(≥99.5%)、蔗糖标准品(≥99.9%)(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司)。
BSA224S-CW电子分析天平[精度0.1 mg, 赛多利斯科科学仪器(北京)有限公司]; XPR2U电子分析天平[精度0.1 µg, 梅特勒托利多科技(中国)有限公司]; CENTRA R200纯水系统(英国威立雅水处理技术有限公司); DHG-9203A电热鼓风干燥箱、HWS24恒温水浴锅(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司); WAY-ZT自动阿贝折射仪(上海朗善光学仪器有限公司); G1329A高效液相色谱仪(美国安捷伦科技有限公司); KQ-300E超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司); DR3900分光光度计(美国哈希公司); MX-F涡旋混合器[大龙兴创实验仪器(北京)股份公司]; TG16-WS离心机(上海测博生物科技发展中心)。
采用数显游标卡尺(精度0.1 mm)测量果实横径和果实纵径, 并计算果形指数, 计算公式为果形指数=果实纵径/果实横径; 采用电子天平(精度0.1 g)称量单果质量。
评定小组由作者所在研究所的13名26~51岁工作人员组成, 30%为男性、70%为女性, 均身体健康, 评定前禁食用烟酒及辛辣刺激食物。评定方法以GB/T 16861—1997《感官分析 通用多元分析方法鉴定和选择用于建立感官剖面的描述词》和GB/T 16291.1—2012《感官分析 选拔、培训与管理评价员一般导则 第1部分: 优选评价员》为依据, 并根据评定人员的建议进行修改, 确定了以喜好度对果实的风味、果肉肉质、果芯融合度、甜度、酸度、果形一致度进行评分, 各项评分均为1~10。
可溶性固形物测定参照NY/T 2637—2014《水果和蔬菜可溶性固形物含量的测定 折射仪法》; 可滴定酸测定参照GB 12456—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中总酸的测定》; 维生素C测定参照GB 5009.86-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中抗坏血酸的测定》; 可溶性糖测定参照NY/T 2742—2015《水果及制品可溶性糖的测定 3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法》, 结果以干基计; 葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖测定参照GB 5009.8—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖的测定》, 结果以干基计; 固酸比=可溶性固形物含量/可滴定酸含量。
熵权-TOPSIS法是首先通过熵权法客观获得各评价指标的权重, 权重是指在综合评价过程中各指标所占的重要程度, 通过计算信息熵得出权重系数。信息熵代表了系统的无序程度, 系统越无序, 指标信息熵越小, 其离散程度越大, 可提供的有效信息量就越大, 该指标在综合评价中所占权重就越高[19-20]
本研究中, 采用熵权-TOPSIS法分别对红心、黄心、绿心不同产区的猕猴桃进行综合评价, 具体步骤如下。
设有m个评价对象, n个评价指标, Xij为第j个指标下第i个项目的值。
猕猴桃评价指标的单位不同, 应对原始数据进行标准处理; 针对不同指标不同的评价方式, 将其分为正向指标(T)、负向指标(F)、适度指标(M) 3类, 计算公式见(1)~(3)。
$T(正向指标)=\frac{{X}_{ij}-{X}_{\mathrm{min}}}{{X}_{\mathrm{max}}-{X}_{\mathrm{min}}}$
$F(负向指标)=\frac{{X}_{\mathrm{max}}-{X}_{ij}}{{X}_{\mathrm{max}}-{X}_{\mathrm{min}}}$
$M(适度指标)=1-\frac{\left|{X}_{ij}-{X}_{mid}\right|}{{X}_{\mathrm{max}}}$
式中: Xij为第j个指标下第i个样品的值; Xmin为第j个指标下中Xi的最小值; Xmax为第j个指标下中Xi的最大值。
为避免人为因素的干扰, 采用熵权法来计算权重, 计算公式见(4)~(7)。
$熵值=-K\times {\displaystyle \sum \begin{array}{l}n\\ i=1\end{array}}{P}_{ij}\cdot \mathrm{ln}{P}_{ij}$
$比重数据矩阵{P}_{ij}=\frac{{X}_{i}}{第j个指标下中{X}_{i}的和}$
$差异系数{g}_{i}=1-熵值$
$权重=\frac{{g}_{i}}{{\displaystyle \sum \begin{array}{l}n\\ i=1\end{array}}{g}_{i}}$
式中: n为红、黄、绿样品数量; 常数k为1/ln(红、黄、绿样品数量)。
正理想解欧式距离为Di+, 负理想解欧式距离为Di-, 得到相似度Ci来进行综合评价, 相对接近度越高, 方案越优, 计算公式见(8)~(10)。
${D}_{i}^{+}=\sqrt{{\displaystyle \sum \begin{array}{l}n\\ j=1\end{array}}{({A}_{ij}^{+}-{A}_{ij})}^{2}}$
${D}_{i}^{-}=\sqrt{{\displaystyle \sum \begin{array}{l}n\\ j=1\end{array}}{({A}_{ij}^{-}-{A}_{ij})}^{2}}$
${C}_{i}=\frac{{D}_{i}^{-}}{{D}_{i}^{-}+{D}_{i}^{+}}$
式中: ${A}_{ij}^{+}$为加权标准化矩阵的正理想解; ${A}_{ij}^{-}$为加权标准化矩阵的负理想解; Aij为加权标准化矩阵的第j个指标下第i 个样品的值, Ci值介于0和1之间, 值越大表示品质越优。
采用Excel 2019对数据进行整理, 采用 Origin 2022pro对数据进行统计分析并作图, 每组实验重复3次。
不同类型猕猴桃果实的表型性状指标间也存在着不同程度的差异, 对比3种类猕猴桃果实表型性状的比较结果显示见图1, 红心猕猴桃的果实横径均值为4.65 cm、果实纵径均值为5.70 cm、果形指数均值为1.23, 这3项指标均是最小的, 并且与黄心、绿心猕猴桃相比, 差异显著(P<0.05); 而黄心和绿心猕猴桃这3个指标方面, 没有显著差异(P>0.05); 在单果重指标上, 黄心猕猴桃显著高于绿心和红心猕猴桃(P<0.05), 其单果重均值达124.32 g。从4个表型性状的变异系数来看, 单果重的变异系数最大, 达到23.65%, 果型指数的变异系数相对较小, 为7.25%, 其余3个表型性状的变异系数处于10%~13%之间。总体来讲, 红心猕猴桃果实偏小, 果形呈现近圆的椭圆形; 绿心猕猴桃果实大小处于中等程度, 果形为长椭圆形; 黄心猕猴桃果较大, 果形同样是长椭圆形。
31个猕猴桃果实表型性状分析结果见图2。结果显示: 果实纵径均值为5.11~8.02 cm, 其中, 不同来源地红心猕猴桃无显著差异(P>0.05), 绿心和黄心猕猴桃果实纵径均值最大分别来自重庆(7.28 cm)和陕西(8.02 cm); 果实横径均值为4.01~6.17 cm, 其中, 红心、黄心和绿心猕猴桃果实横径均值最大分别来自四川(4.93 cm)、重庆(5.56 cm)、新西兰(5.90 cm); 果形指数均值为1.12~1.56, 其中, 红心猕猴桃中陕西来源地的均值最大(1.34), 其次是四川(1.16)和云南(1.27), 说明四川和云南猕猴桃果形更近似圆形, 绿心猕猴桃中贵州来源地的均值最大, 黄心猕猴桃中陕西来源地的均值最大。单果重均值为80.4~144.6 g。其中, 红心、黄心和绿心猕猴桃单果重均值最大来自四川(95.2 g)、新西兰(144.6 g)、重庆(123.7 g)。
31个猕猴桃的风味、果芯融合度、果肉肉质、甜度、酸度、果形一致度6个感官评定平均分分别为6.95、7.71、7.37、7.12、4.06、6.85, 由此可见, 31个猕猴桃果实的果芯融合度、果肉肉质、甜度、酸度这4项指标的表现相对突出, 而风味和果形一致度方面均处于中等水平, 整体呈现出甜度主导、酸味适中的感官特征。从变异系数角度分析, 除果芯融合度和果肉肉质评分的变异系数在10%以下, 体现出相对较小的个体差异外, 酸度、甜度、风味、果形一致度评分变异系数在13%~24%之间, 表明31个猕猴桃果实个体之间存在着相对较大的差异。
对3类型猕猴桃果实感官评分进行比较, 由图3可知, 风味评分为绿心和红心一致、黄心稍低。果肉肉质和甜度评分由高到低依次为红心比黄心和绿心高很多, 红心猕猴桃的果肉肉质以及甜度表现更为出色。酸度由高到低为绿心和黄心接近、红心最低, 绿心猕猴桃要偏酸; 果芯融合度方面, 红心和绿心猕猴桃基本一致, 黄心猕猴桃相较低。果形一致度由高到低为黄心、绿心、红心。综合上述, 红心猕猴桃虽然果形一致度评分相对低, 但它在甜度方面表现最佳, 果肉肉质和果芯融合度评分最高, 整体口感和内在品质较为突出。绿心猕猴桃酸度最为明显, 不过其风味浓郁(糖酸比高), 果芯融合度高并且果肉肉质细腻, 有着独特的风味与口感特点; 黄心猕猴桃果芯融合度方面表现不突出, 外观较为整齐, 果形一致度较好, 商品性强。
31个猕猴桃果实感官评定结果见图4。风味评分为 5.12~8.50, 果芯融合度评分为6.85~8.63, 果肉肉质评分为6.14~8.31, 甜度评分为4.08~9.69, 酸度评分为2.15~5.77, 果形一致度评分为3.35~9.18。其中, 红心猕猴桃的风味评分来自四川和云南的猕猴桃7.5分和7.4分显著高于陕西6.4分(P<0.05); 果芯融合度为云南的猕猴桃8.1分最高; 果肉肉质为四川和云南的猕猴桃7.8分和7.7分同样显著高于陕西7.1分(P<0.05); 甜度为云南的猕猴桃9.3分最高; 酸度为陕西的猕猴桃3.5分, 偏酸。果形一致度为陕西的猕猴桃7.0分最高, 云南的猕猴桃6.2分最低, 说明云南猕猴桃果型不均匀, 需要在种植模式上提升。绿心猕猴桃的风味评分为贵州、云南、湖南的猕猴桃8.2分、8.0分、7.81分显著高于其他地区产品(P<0.05); 在果芯融合度为贵州猕猴桃8.4分最高; 果肉肉质为新西兰的猕猴桃7.7分最高; 甜度为云南猕猴桃6.9分最高, 酸度为陕西猕猴桃的5.13分, 偏酸; 果形一致度为湖南和新西兰的猕猴桃8.2分和7.7分最高。黄心猕猴桃的风味为云南的猕猴桃6.6分最高; 果芯融合度为新西兰的猕猴桃8.1分最高; 果肉肉质为云南和新西兰的猕猴桃7.7分和7.9分最高, 甜度为云南和新西兰的猕猴桃7.8分和7.2分最高; 果形一致度为新西兰的猕猴桃9.18分最高, 且优势明显。
国产与新西兰猕猴桃感官评分的比较结果由图5可知, 国产绿心猕猴风味、果芯融合度、甜度以及酸度评分高于新西兰绿心猕猴桃, 但果肉肉质以及果形一致度比新西兰猕猴桃低, 酸度比新西兰猕猴桃高; 国产黄心猕猴桃甜度、果肉肉质、果芯融合度均低于新西兰猕猴桃, 而酸度和风味的评分与新西兰猕猴桃相比差异不大。可见, 相较于新西兰猕猴桃, 国产绿心猕猴桃风味和口感方面具备一定优势, 而国产黄心猕猴桃在甜度、果肉肉质、果芯融合度以及果形一致度这几个维度上, 还存在进一步优化提升的空间。
对3类型猕猴桃果实营养成分进行比较, 由图6可知, 维生素C含量由高到低依次为红心、绿心、黄心猕猴桃, 可溶性固形物含量由高到低依次为绿心、红心、黄心猕猴桃, 总酸和蔗糖含量为红心和黄心猕猴桃基本一致, 绿心猕猴桃相较高, 固酸比、可溶性糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量均为绿心和黄心猕猴桃基本一致, 红心猕猴桃最高。 为由此可见, 红心猕猴桃的可溶性糖、果糖、葡萄糖、维生素C含量最高, 固酸比最高, 酸度低, 甜味突出, 风味平衡度佳; 绿心猕猴桃的可溶性固形物和蔗糖含量最高, 总酸含量最高, 呈现典型“高酸高甜”的酸甜平衡; 黄心猕猴桃可溶性固形物含量最低, 总酸、可溶性糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量中等, 整体风味温和清淡。
对31个猕猴桃果实营养成分进行分析, 结果显示: 维生素C的含量为0.37~0.89 mg/g, 可溶性固形物的含量为6.80%~19.54%, 总酸的含量为0.78~1.48 mg/g, 固酸比7.79~18.04, 可溶性糖含量为41.56%~69.35%, 果糖含量为6.62%~19.65%, 葡萄糖含量为8.66%~21.94%, 蔗糖2.01%~6.83%。不同类型猕猴桃各营养成分因来源地不同呈现出一定差异, 由图7可知, 红心猕猴桃为云南和陕西的可溶性固形物含量最高, 分别为15.9%和15.5%, 四川的总酸最低为0.86%, 云南和四川的可溶性糖含量均值最高分别为62.2%和59.5%, 云南的果糖和葡萄糖含量均值最高, 分别为15.1%和17.7%。绿心猕猴桃为中国产区维生素C含量的显著高于新西兰; 湖南的可溶性固形物含量最高(18.0%), 固酸比均值最高的是湖南(14.5)和重庆(14.4), 可溶性糖含量均值最高的是重庆(58.2%), 但是新西兰的果糖和葡萄糖含量均值最高, 分别为14.2% 和 16.4%。黄心猕猴桃为新西兰的维生素C、可溶性固形物、固酸比、可溶性糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量均值都是最高(分别为0.89 mg/g、16.7%、14.3、63.6%、15.6%、17.7%), 但是四川(3.73%)与河南(3.61%)的蔗糖含量比新西兰高。
通过对国产与新西兰猕猴桃果实的营养成分的极差标准化处理后, 由图8可知, 从整体情况来讲, 国产绿心猕猴桃的可溶性糖、蔗糖、维生素C以及固酸比这几项指标的数值均高于新西兰海沃德猕猴桃, 如湖南翠玉猕猴桃, 其可溶性固形物(18.0%)比新西兰的高, 重庆翠玉(1.21%)和陕西徐香(1.22%)的总酸含量最低, 湖南翠玉(14.5)和重庆(14.4)的固酸比均值最高。因此, 国产绿心猕猴桃相较于新西兰海沃德猕猴桃是具备一定优势的。而对于国产黄心猕猴桃来说, 四川金艳(3.73%)与河南金艳(3.61%)的蔗糖含量高于新西兰阳光金果, 其他指标维生素C、可溶性固形物、固酸比、可溶性糖、果糖、葡萄糖都低于新西兰阳光金果。这一营养成分对比的结果与果实感官评定的结果是一致的。
熵权-TOPSIS法利用各方案与理想方案、负理想方案的欧式距离来度量方案优劣, 使得属性与其效用之间呈线性变化关系, 同时将多个评价指标进行合理赋权得到一个综合指标, 把多维问题转化为一维问题, 可同时对多个指标进行全面比较, 有效地排除主观因素的影响[21-26]。由表2可知, 通过3种猕猴桃各项指标权重系数和加权决策矩阵得到最优最劣方案, 计算出各评价指标最优方案和最劣方案的距离Di+Di-, 同时计算与最优方案接近程度(Ci)值进行排序, Di+越小、Di-越大、Ci越大, 则被评价样品品质越优[21-26]表3的综合排序结果显示, 红心猕猴桃品质前2名分别是云南和四川的红阳猕猴桃, 绿心猕猴桃前3名分别是来自陕西的翠香猕猴桃、湖南的翠玉猕猴桃、重庆的翠香猕猴桃, 新西兰的海沃德猕猴桃排名第4。黄心猕猴桃前3名分别来自新西兰的阳光金果猕猴桃最优, 其次是四川和云南的G3猕猴桃。
探究中华猕猴桃和美味猕猴桃同一品种在中国与新西兰产区的品质差异, 分析猕猴桃果实的表型性状、营养成分和感官评定指标, 采用系统性描述、熵权-TOPSIS法, 对猕猴桃进行分析和综合评价。研究有如下发现: (1)不同品种的猕猴桃呈现出不同特点。红心猕猴桃果实最小(单果重85.5 g), 但其维生素C (0.71 mg/g)、可溶性糖(60.4%)、果糖(14.29%)、葡萄糖(17.0%)和固酸比(13.9)含量最高, 甜度(8.9分)与果肉肉质评分(7.7分)最高, 红心猕猴桃的维生素 C与其果肉中较高效率的抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环有关[27], 而高甜感通常与可溶性糖的含量, 尤其是果糖和葡萄糖的含量密切相关[28]; 酸度为陕西的猕猴桃3.5分, 偏酸。果形一致度为陕西的猕猴桃7.0分最高, 云南的猕猴桃6.2分最低, 说明云南猕猴桃果型不均匀, 需要在种植模式上提升。
绿心猕猴桃的可溶性固形物和总酸含量最高, 口感上风味和酸度评分最高, 甜味明显, 有着高酸高甜的独特品质, 契合消费者喜好。申素云等[18]认为消费者的喜好与甜度高度正相关, 而与酸度呈一定程度的负相关, 但在高可溶性固形物存在的情况下, 总酸的负面作用会被削弱。本研究发现甜果型的红心猕猴桃固酸比为13.9和黄心猕猴桃的固酸比为12.0差异不大, 但口感评分确差异显著, 这是因为猕猴桃的甜酸风味不是甜味和酸味的简单叠加, 而是糖和酸共同作用的综合结果, 既取决于糖和酸的含量水平, 也取决于糖和酸的种类和比例(金方伦等[29])。
黄心猕猴桃呈现出单果重最大、果型一致度最佳的特点, 但综合品质较为普通, 感官呈现出风味平淡的特点。果形一致度为新西兰的猕猴桃9.18分最高, 且优势明显。这是我国急需攻关的技术。
(2)地理来源对猕猴桃品质参数有着显著影响, 云南和四川的红心猕猴桃在可溶性糖、甜度以及维生素 C含量方面表现优异, 推测这与当地高海拔、强光照利于糖分积累有关[7,30-33]。陕西作为全国绿心猕猴桃中心产区, 其绿心猕猴桃保持着较高的品质, 但值得注意的是重庆翠香猕猴桃以高固酸比(14.4)和可溶性糖(58.2%), 其综合评价仅次于陕西翠香猕猴桃和湖南的翠玉猕猴桃, 建议基于代谢组学解析其风味标志物与气候海拔的相关性分析。
(3)国产与新西兰猕猴桃有差距也有优势, 除蔗糖含量外新西兰阳光金果品质指标均高于国产猕猴桃, 需要进一步研究差距产生的原因。
(4)通过整合感官评定数据与营养成分指标, 构建了基于熵权-TOPSIS法的“表型性状-感官-成分关联性评价模型”, 该模型将主观感官评分(甜度、酸度、风味等)与客观成分数据(可溶性糖、维生素C、总酸等)纳入统一评价体系, 设定维生素C、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、果形一致度、风味、果芯、果肉、甜度为正向指标; 固酸比为适度指标; 总酸、酸度为负向指标。经熵权法客观赋权, 发现了实际影响消费者偏好的指标, 红心猕猴桃品质前2名分别是云南和四川的红阳猕猴桃, 绿心猕猴桃前3名分别是来自陕西的翠香猕猴桃、湖南的翠玉猕猴桃、重庆的翠香猕猴桃。黄心猕猴桃前3名分别来自新西兰的阳光金果猕猴桃最优, 其次是四川和云南的G3猕猴桃。
与已有研究成果[34-39]相比, 本研究所呈现出来的结论同中异, 从共同点来看, 一是维生素C是猕猴桃主要的功能价值; 二是地理标志效应显著, 陕西翠香猕猴桃为绿心猕猴桃综合评价的第一名, 其高品质表现, 与其“中国猕猴桃之乡”的地理标志认证密切相关, 与周至猕猴桃的品牌建设路径高度吻合。从差异点来看, 一是对评价指标选择的不同, 已有研究多采用单一维度(如仅理化指标)进行品质评价, 而本研究通过熵权-TOPSIS法实现了感官-成分-表型性状数据的深度融合。且相较于传统主成分分析仅能降维无法赋权的局限, 本模型通过熵权法客观量化指标权重。二是猕猴桃类型的差异化分析, 已有研究多聚焦单一类型(如“红心”)或品种对比, 而本研究首次从 红心、黄心、绿心3大类型的宏观尺度解析品质差异, 提出类型特异性优化策略。
本研究通过熵权-TOPSIS法, 构建了红心、绿心、黄心3类猕猴桃的“感官-成分-表型””三维关联模型, 达成了权重分配客观化, 实现了感官指标的量化比较, 验证了多指标综合评价的有效性, 有效解决了传统评价方法主观赋权的局限性。经过权重分析可知, 红心猕猴桃以甜度突出, 其综合品质已具备国际竞争力; 绿心猕猴桃凭借维生素C含量、风味浓郁, 果肉细腻, 具备一定产业优势; 而黄心猕猴桃果大, 果形整齐, 特别是新西兰的阳光金果果形一致度达到9.18分, 且优势明显。
  • 农产品品质规格营养功能评价项目(GF-TSPZ-2024005-2)
  • 云南省院士专家工作站项目(202305AF150015)
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2025年第16卷第12期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250317007
  • 接收时间:2025-03-17
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-17
基金
农产品品质规格营养功能评价项目(GF-TSPZ-2024005-2)
云南省院士专家工作站项目(202305AF150015)
作者信息
    1 云南省农业科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所, 昆明 650205
    2 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所, 楚雄 651399

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*杜丽娟(1981—), 女, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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