Article(id=1217845637706600935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1741536000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768286626507, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768286626507, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768286626507, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768286626507, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217845635080962613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768286625881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768287480278, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=121, endPage=130, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217845638172168682, articleId=1217845637706600935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Study on the microbial reduction of different photosensitizers combined with blue light irradiation on Pyropia yezoensis, columnId=1217845637362663999, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Detection and Control of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To study the decontamination effects of different photosensitizers combined with blue light irradiation on Porphyra yezoensis. Methods This study first compared the bactericidal effects of 4 kinds of photosensitizers (curcumin, vitamin K3, riboflavin, and sodium copper chlorophyllin) and 3 kinds of wavelengths (405, 420 and 460 nm) on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Two kinds of blue light wavelengths (405 nm and 420 nm) and photosensitizers (curcumin and riboflavin) were then applied to fresh Pyropia yezoensi before drying. The influences of curcumin concentration, irradiation time, and distance were examined. The changes in hygienic indicator bacteria, color difference (ΔE), and nutritional content were measured before and after treatment and drying. Results The decontamination effect on fresh Pyropia yezoensi were consistent with those in the pure bacterial system. Blue light combined with photosensitizers exhibited stronger sterilization efficiency. The optimal treatment was 420 nm blue light combined with 100 μmol/L curcumin (5 cm distance, 150 min). The total viable count and coliforms in untreated fresh Pyropia yezoensi were 5.69 log CFU/g and 4.34 log CFU/g, respectively, which increased to 6.63 log CFU/g and 4.15 log CFU/g after primary drying. Total viable count and coliforms respectively decreased by 1.88 log CFU/g and 1.46 log CFU/g after treatment, and decreased by 1.94 log CFU/g and 1.35 log CFU/g after drying. ΔE of dried Pyropia yezoensi after treatment ranged between 0.5 and 1.5, indicating a slight but noticeable change, while no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in nutritional components such as vitamin C and vitamin E. Conclusion After treatment with 420 nm blue light and 100 μmol/L curcumin, the total viable count of dried Pyropia yezoensi was reduced to 4.56-4.82 log CFU/g. Apart from slight color difference due to staining, there was no significant change in nutritional components. This study provides technical support for developing a safe, efficient and environmentally friendly preservation and processing method for Pyropia yezoensi.

, correspAuthors=Wen-Bin WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ren-Jie ZHOU, Xiao-Rong ZHANG, Yi DING, Sai-Kun PAN, Wen-Bin WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217845639136858619, articleId=1217845637706600935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=不同光敏剂复合蓝光照射对条斑紫菜减菌效果研究, columnId=1217845637517853250, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:食源性致病菌检测与防控, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究不同光敏剂复合蓝光照射对条斑紫菜减菌效果。方法 本研究首先比较了4种光敏剂(姜黄素、维生素K3、核黄素、叶绿素铜钠), 3种波长(405、420、460 nm)对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌效果, 并将2种蓝光波长(405 nm、420 nm)及光敏剂(姜黄素、核黄素)应用于干燥前鲜紫菜的照射减菌, 比较了姜黄素处理浓度、照射时间和距离的影响, 测定了处理后、干燥后紫菜的卫生指标菌、色差(△E)及营养成分含量的变化。结果 鲜紫菜与纯菌体系的减菌效果一致, 采用蓝光复合光敏剂处理减菌效果更强, 蓝光420 nm复合100 μmol/L姜黄素(距离5 cm, 150 min)的减菌效果最佳, 未处理的鲜紫菜菌落总数及大肠菌群分别为5.69 log CFU/g和4.34 log CFU/g, 未处理组一次干燥后分别为6.63 log CFU/g和4.15 log CFU/g。处理后鲜紫菜菌落总数和大肠菌群数量分别降低1.88 log CFU/g和1.46 log CFU/g, 一次干燥后分别降低1.94 log CFU/g和1.35 log CFU/g。干制后紫菜的△E介于0.5和1.5之间, 属于轻微明显变化, 维生素C和E等营养成分无显著性变化(P>0.05)。结论 蓝光420 nm复合100 μmol/L姜黄素处理鲜紫菜后, 干制条斑紫菜菌落总数降低至4.56~4.82 log CFU/g, 除了因为染色作用出现轻微色差, 对营养成分无显著性变化。该研究结果为开发安全、高效、环保的条斑紫菜保鲜加工技术提供了技术支撑。

, correspAuthors=王文彬, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王文彬(1990—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全控制。E-mail:
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周仁杰(1998—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品加工与安全。E-mail:

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周仁杰(1998—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品加工与安全。E-mail:

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周仁杰(1998—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品加工与安全。E-mail:

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The Food Industry, 2022, 43(2): 171-175., articleTitle=Research and application of blue light sterilization technology in the sales link of bulk meat products, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217864249364366170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, awardId=32172284, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(32172284), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217864249481806684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, awardId=CG2437, language=CN, fundingSource=连云港市重点研发计划项目(CG2437), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217864249574081374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, awardId=LWJJ-05, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省海洋资源开发技术创新中心开放课题项目(LWJJ-05), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217864244687717129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217864244700300042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, companyId=1217864244687717129, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217864244708688652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, companyId=1217864244687717129, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江苏海洋大学海洋食品与生物工程学院, 连云港 222005)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217864248294818631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Microbial reduction of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli after treated by different blue light wavelengths and photosensitizers, figureFileSmall=0q5qD9v3VJK057EaKbSAhA==, figureFileBig=hBYOywq834WyuWam2E/AFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864248382899017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同波长蓝光及光敏剂对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌减菌效果

注: 每根柱体上不同的字母代表在不同处理条件之间微生物水平存在显著差异(P<0.05); 光敏剂浓度100 μmol/L; 对照表示未经蓝光照射组(n=3)。下同。A~C中蓝光的波长依次为405、420、460 nm。

, figureFileSmall=0q5qD9v3VJK057EaKbSAhA==, figureFileBig=hBYOywq834WyuWam2E/AFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864248491950922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of blue light and photosensitizer treatment on microbial levels in Pyropia yezoensis , figureFileSmall=7DHAyvPuO2qLRZ7Cvi+yyg==, figureFileBig=wM4kj1nBc0NJwkEt59bnsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864248575837004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, language=CN, label=图2, caption=蓝光复合光敏剂处理对条斑紫菜微生物水平的影响

注: A和C为鲜紫菜; B和D为一次干燥后紫菜。

, figureFileSmall=7DHAyvPuO2qLRZ7Cvi+yyg==, figureFileBig=wM4kj1nBc0NJwkEt59bnsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864248676500301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of curcumin and 420 nm blue light treatment parameters on microbial levels in Pyropia yezoensis , figureFileSmall=1F612wNebjcjSkka0XBBmw==, figureFileBig=XebpI5elbokZkq7STiSXkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864248751997775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, language=CN, label=图3, caption=姜黄素与420 nm蓝光处理参数对条斑紫菜微生物水平的影响

注: A、C、E为鲜紫菜; B、D、F为一次干燥后紫菜。

, figureFileSmall=1F612wNebjcjSkka0XBBmw==, figureFileBig=XebpI5elbokZkq7STiSXkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864248835883857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Impact of blue light and photosensitizers on color and nutrition of Pyropia yezoensi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组 处理方式 L* a* b* E VC/(μg/g) VE/(μg/g) 蛋白质/%
鲜紫菜: 蓝光405 nm照射2.5 h 对照 16.44±0.09b 4.39±0.16b -0.56±0.09b / 18.11±0.38b 35.45±0.32b 14.74±0.10a
蓝光 16.46±0.08b 4.32±0.12b -0.49±0.06b 0.19±0.05b 18.12±0.24b 35.64±0.06b 14.55±0.16a
姜黄素 17.75±0.10a 5.12±0.10a 1.02±0.17a 2.22±0.14a 19.63±0.28a 36.81±0.58a 14.62±0.10a
核黄素 17.72±0.18a 5.33±0.09a 1.16±0.07a 2.24±0.10a 16.90±0.82c 33.40±0.37c 14.73±0.14a
一次干燥后紫菜: 蓝光405 nm
照射2.5 h
对照 12.30±0.38b 2.74±0.04b 0.22±0.05b / 32.14±0.90a 46.23±1.63a 27.40±0.14a
蓝光 12.32±0.02b 2.75±0.02b 0.24±0.03b 0.09±0.01b 32.04±0.59a 47.51±1.05a 27.52±0.28a
姜黄素 13.18±0.06a 3.07±0.04a 0.50±0.04a 1.03±0.07a 32.31±0.55a 46.19±0.67a 27.50±0.28a
核黄素 13.25±0.04a 2.94±0.02a 0.55±0.03a 1.07±0.05a 30.12±0.78b 42.85±0.60b 27.40±0.33a
鲜紫菜: 蓝光420 nm照射2.5 h 对照 16.44±0.09b 4.39±0.16b -0.56±0.09b / 18.11±0.38b 35.45±0.32b 14.74±0.10a
蓝光 16.35±0.09b 4.45±0.11b -0.49±0.09b 0.25±0.11b 18.16±0.38b 36.01±0.24b 14.75±0.07a
姜黄素 17.73±0.11a 5.26±0.08a 0.95±0.18a 2.22±0.20a 19.75±0.23a 37.51±0.61a 14.45±0.15a
核黄素 17.69±0.12a 5.34±0.10a 1.02±0.12a 2.13±0.08a 16.66±1.04c 33.55±0.34c 14.57±0.31a
一次干燥后紫菜: 蓝光420 nm
照射2.5 h
对照 12.30±0.38b 2.74±0.04c 0.22±0.05b / 32.14±0.90a 46.23±1.63a 27.40±0.14a
蓝光 12.30±0.03b 2.75±0.03c 0.24±0.02b 0.07±0.01b 32.05±0.59a 47.77±0.47a 27.54±0.05a
姜黄素 13.25±0.02a 3.08±0.03a 0.55±0.03a 1.11±0.02a 32.06±1.03a 46.31±0.96a 27.64±0.14a
核黄素 13.25±0.03a 2.95±0.03b 0.55±0.02a 1.07±0.03a 30.36±0.43b 42.34±0.52b 27.52±0.06a
), ArticleFig(id=1217864248949130067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

蓝光波长及光敏剂种类对条斑紫菜色差和营养成分影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组 处理方式 L* a* b* E VC/(μg/g) VE/(μg/g) 蛋白质/%
鲜紫菜: 蓝光405 nm照射2.5 h 对照 16.44±0.09b 4.39±0.16b -0.56±0.09b / 18.11±0.38b 35.45±0.32b 14.74±0.10a
蓝光 16.46±0.08b 4.32±0.12b -0.49±0.06b 0.19±0.05b 18.12±0.24b 35.64±0.06b 14.55±0.16a
姜黄素 17.75±0.10a 5.12±0.10a 1.02±0.17a 2.22±0.14a 19.63±0.28a 36.81±0.58a 14.62±0.10a
核黄素 17.72±0.18a 5.33±0.09a 1.16±0.07a 2.24±0.10a 16.90±0.82c 33.40±0.37c 14.73±0.14a
一次干燥后紫菜: 蓝光405 nm
照射2.5 h
对照 12.30±0.38b 2.74±0.04b 0.22±0.05b / 32.14±0.90a 46.23±1.63a 27.40±0.14a
蓝光 12.32±0.02b 2.75±0.02b 0.24±0.03b 0.09±0.01b 32.04±0.59a 47.51±1.05a 27.52±0.28a
姜黄素 13.18±0.06a 3.07±0.04a 0.50±0.04a 1.03±0.07a 32.31±0.55a 46.19±0.67a 27.50±0.28a
核黄素 13.25±0.04a 2.94±0.02a 0.55±0.03a 1.07±0.05a 30.12±0.78b 42.85±0.60b 27.40±0.33a
鲜紫菜: 蓝光420 nm照射2.5 h 对照 16.44±0.09b 4.39±0.16b -0.56±0.09b / 18.11±0.38b 35.45±0.32b 14.74±0.10a
蓝光 16.35±0.09b 4.45±0.11b -0.49±0.09b 0.25±0.11b 18.16±0.38b 36.01±0.24b 14.75±0.07a
姜黄素 17.73±0.11a 5.26±0.08a 0.95±0.18a 2.22±0.20a 19.75±0.23a 37.51±0.61a 14.45±0.15a
核黄素 17.69±0.12a 5.34±0.10a 1.02±0.12a 2.13±0.08a 16.66±1.04c 33.55±0.34c 14.57±0.31a
一次干燥后紫菜: 蓝光420 nm
照射2.5 h
对照 12.30±0.38b 2.74±0.04c 0.22±0.05b / 32.14±0.90a 46.23±1.63a 27.40±0.14a
蓝光 12.30±0.03b 2.75±0.03c 0.24±0.02b 0.07±0.01b 32.05±0.59a 47.77±0.47a 27.54±0.05a
姜黄素 13.25±0.02a 3.08±0.03a 0.55±0.03a 1.11±0.02a 32.06±1.03a 46.31±0.96a 27.64±0.14a
核黄素 13.25±0.03a 2.95±0.03b 0.55±0.02a 1.07±0.03a 30.36±0.43b 42.34±0.52b 27.52±0.06a
), ArticleFig(id=1217864249058181973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Impact of curcumin and 420 nm blue light on color and nutrition of Pyropia yezoensi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组 处理方式 L* a* b* E VC/(μg/g) VE/(μg/g) 蛋白质/%
鲜紫菜: 照射时间2.5 h, 照射距离5 cm 对照 16.44±0.09e 4.39±0.16d -0.56±0.09d / 18.11±0.38c 35.45±0.32d 14.74±0.10a
25 μmol/L 17.13±0.11d 4.81±0.13c 0.23±0.11c 1.19±0.07e 18.86±0.12b 35.98±0.21c 14.65±0.16a
50 μmol/L 17.34±0.07d 5.09±0.14b 0.74±0.18b 1.78±0.21d 19.47±0.12a 36.37±0.23b 14.48±0.17a
100 μmol/L 17.59±0.14c 5.23±0.11b 1.00±0.22b 2.16±0.10c 19.63±0.28a 36.81±0.58a 14.62±0.10a
150 μmol/L 18.23±0.10b 5.55±0.10a 1.43±0.12a 2.96±0.18b 19.56±0.08a 36.91±0.20a 14.57±0.24a
200 μmol/L 18.56±0.12a 5.75±0.08a 1.71±0.15a 3.44±0.06a 19.51±0.29a 37.11±0.38a 14.59±0.32a
一次干燥后紫菜: 照射时间2.5 h, 照射距离5 cm 对照 12.30±0.38f 2.74±0.04c 0.22±0.05d / 32.14±0.90a 46.23±1.63a 27.40±0.14a
25 μmol/L 12.83±0.03e 2.83±0.05b 0.60±0.03a 0.70±0.05e 31.83±1.15a 45.35±1.41a 27.57±0.42a
50 μmol/L 13.09±0.04d 3.05±0.03b 0.58±0.04a 0.96±0.03d 32.36±0.53a 45.82±2.18a 27.72±0.33a
100 μmol/L 13.25±0.02c 3.08±0.03a 0.55±0.03a 1.11±0.02c 32.06±1.03a 46.31±0.96a 27.64±0.14a
150 μmol/L 13.42±0.05b 3.14±0.04a 0.52±0.01b 1.28±0.06b 31.37±1.27a 47.07±0.53a 27.80±0.32a
200 μmol/L 13.58±0.05a 3.15±0.04a 0.47±0.03c 1.41±0.06a 31.63±0.73a 46.22±0.38a 26.85±0.64a
鲜紫菜: 姜黄素浓度100 μmol/L, 照射距离5 cm 对照 17.48±0.32a 5.37±0.12a 0.92±0.06a / 19.70±0.39a 36.33±0.59a 14.74±0.10a
60 min 17.46±0.18a 5.26±0.08a 1.02±0.17a 0.33±0.20a 19.63±0.27a 36.72±0.43a 14.53±0.23a
90 min 17.50±0.11a 5.32±0.14a 1.12±0.10a 0.45±0.10a 19.69±0.10a 36.58±0.10a 14.55±0.15a
120 min 17.46±0.18a 5.22±0.11a 1.01±0.19a 0.34±0.18a 19.51±0.24a 36.33±0.20a 14.69±0.13a
150 min 17.59±0.14a 5.23±0.11a 1.00±0.22a 0.42±0.03a 19.63±0.28a 36.81±0.58a 14.62±0.10a
180 min 17.59±0.13a 5.31±0.12a 1.10±0.12a 0.45±0.19a 19.58±0.23a 36.26±0.40a 14.56±0.16a
一次干燥后紫菜: 姜黄素浓度100 μmol/L, 照射距离5 cm 对照 13.26±0.03a 3.09±0.03a 0.55±0.03a / 32.14±0.90a 46.23±1.63a 27.40±0.14a
60 min 13.24±0.04a 3.07±0.04a 0.55±0.03a 0.06±0.02a 33.13±1.16a 46.83±0.55a 27.93±0.35a
90 min 13.27±0.05a 3.07±0.03a 0.55±0.03a 0.06±0.03a 32.42±0.68a 45.84±1.33a 27.24±0.33a
120 min 13.25±0.02a 3.07±0.02a 0.55±0.03a 0.04±0.03a 32.06±1.03a 46.31±0.96a 27.64±0.14a
150 min 13.27±0.05a 3.08±0.04a 0.55±0.03a 0.06±0.02a 31.85±0.66a 46.97±1.15a 26.88±0.62a
180 min 13.26±0.02a 3.06±0.03a 0.54±0.02a 0.06±0.04a 32.41±0.48a 45.22±1.48a 27.33±0.23a
鲜紫菜: 照射时间2.5 h, 姜黄素浓度100 μmol/L 对照 17.48±0.32a 5.37±0.12a 0.92±0.06a / 19.70±0.39a 36.33±0.59a 14.74±0.10a
5 cm 17.46±0.18a 5.22±0.11a 1.01±0.19a 0.34±0.18a 19.51±0.24a 36.33±0.20a 14.69±0.13a
10 cm 17.46±0.08a 5.25±0.11a 0.83±0.09a 0.18±0.11a 19.36±0.66a 36.60±0.37a 14.51±0.21a
15 cm 17.32±0.04a 5.19±0.07a 0.88±0.05a 0.15±0.06a 20.05±0.41a 36.00±0.50a 14.82±0.26a
20 cm 17.36±0.07a 5.22±0.07a 0.78±0.12b 0.13±0.04a 19.45±0.52a 36.15±0.36a 14.57±0.11a
25 cm 17.32±0.07a 5.19±0.03a 0.72±0.10b 0.11±0.02a 19.42±0.20a 36.26±0.15a 14.56±0.23a
一次干燥后紫菜: 照射时间2.5 h, 姜黄素浓度100 μmol/L 对照 13.26±0.03a 3.09±0.03a 0.55±0.03a / 32.14±0.90a 46.23±1.63a 27.40±0.14a
5 cm 13.25±0.02a 3.07±0.02a 0.55±0.03a 0.04±0.03a 32.06±1.03a 46.31±0.96a 27.64±0.14a
10 cm 13.28±0.03a 3.13±0.05a 0.58±0.04a 0.07±0.03a 33.32±2.35a 47.83±2.20a 27.82±0.42a
15 cm 13.22±0.06a 3.11±0.03a 0.53±0.02a 0.05±0.04a 32.47±0.82a 46.57±0.67a 27.23±0.62a
20 cm 13.19±0.08a 3.06±0.07a 0.51±0.05a 0.10±0.06a 31.85±1.30a 46.74±0.32a 27.54±0.23a
25 cm 13.23±0.02a 3.07±0.02a 0.55±0.03a 0.04±0.02a 32.25±0.52a 46.18±1.13a 27.27±0.19a
), ArticleFig(id=1217864249184011095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845637706600935, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

姜黄素与420 nm蓝光对条斑紫菜色差及营养成分影响

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分组 处理方式 L* a* b* E VC/(μg/g) VE/(μg/g) 蛋白质/%
鲜紫菜: 照射时间2.5 h, 照射距离5 cm 对照 16.44±0.09e 4.39±0.16d -0.56±0.09d / 18.11±0.38c 35.45±0.32d 14.74±0.10a
25 μmol/L 17.13±0.11d 4.81±0.13c 0.23±0.11c 1.19±0.07e 18.86±0.12b 35.98±0.21c 14.65±0.16a
50 μmol/L 17.34±0.07d 5.09±0.14b 0.74±0.18b 1.78±0.21d 19.47±0.12a 36.37±0.23b 14.48±0.17a
100 μmol/L 17.59±0.14c 5.23±0.11b 1.00±0.22b 2.16±0.10c 19.63±0.28a 36.81±0.58a 14.62±0.10a
150 μmol/L 18.23±0.10b 5.55±0.10a 1.43±0.12a 2.96±0.18b 19.56±0.08a 36.91±0.20a 14.57±0.24a
200 μmol/L 18.56±0.12a 5.75±0.08a 1.71±0.15a 3.44±0.06a 19.51±0.29a 37.11±0.38a 14.59±0.32a
一次干燥后紫菜: 照射时间2.5 h, 照射距离5 cm 对照 12.30±0.38f 2.74±0.04c 0.22±0.05d / 32.14±0.90a 46.23±1.63a 27.40±0.14a
25 μmol/L 12.83±0.03e 2.83±0.05b 0.60±0.03a 0.70±0.05e 31.83±1.15a 45.35±1.41a 27.57±0.42a
50 μmol/L 13.09±0.04d 3.05±0.03b 0.58±0.04a 0.96±0.03d 32.36±0.53a 45.82±2.18a 27.72±0.33a
100 μmol/L 13.25±0.02c 3.08±0.03a 0.55±0.03a 1.11±0.02c 32.06±1.03a 46.31±0.96a 27.64±0.14a
150 μmol/L 13.42±0.05b 3.14±0.04a 0.52±0.01b 1.28±0.06b 31.37±1.27a 47.07±0.53a 27.80±0.32a
200 μmol/L 13.58±0.05a 3.15±0.04a 0.47±0.03c 1.41±0.06a 31.63±0.73a 46.22±0.38a 26.85±0.64a
鲜紫菜: 姜黄素浓度100 μmol/L, 照射距离5 cm 对照 17.48±0.32a 5.37±0.12a 0.92±0.06a / 19.70±0.39a 36.33±0.59a 14.74±0.10a
60 min 17.46±0.18a 5.26±0.08a 1.02±0.17a 0.33±0.20a 19.63±0.27a 36.72±0.43a 14.53±0.23a
90 min 17.50±0.11a 5.32±0.14a 1.12±0.10a 0.45±0.10a 19.69±0.10a 36.58±0.10a 14.55±0.15a
120 min 17.46±0.18a 5.22±0.11a 1.01±0.19a 0.34±0.18a 19.51±0.24a 36.33±0.20a 14.69±0.13a
150 min 17.59±0.14a 5.23±0.11a 1.00±0.22a 0.42±0.03a 19.63±0.28a 36.81±0.58a 14.62±0.10a
180 min 17.59±0.13a 5.31±0.12a 1.10±0.12a 0.45±0.19a 19.58±0.23a 36.26±0.40a 14.56±0.16a
一次干燥后紫菜: 姜黄素浓度100 μmol/L, 照射距离5 cm 对照 13.26±0.03a 3.09±0.03a 0.55±0.03a / 32.14±0.90a 46.23±1.63a 27.40±0.14a
60 min 13.24±0.04a 3.07±0.04a 0.55±0.03a 0.06±0.02a 33.13±1.16a 46.83±0.55a 27.93±0.35a
90 min 13.27±0.05a 3.07±0.03a 0.55±0.03a 0.06±0.03a 32.42±0.68a 45.84±1.33a 27.24±0.33a
120 min 13.25±0.02a 3.07±0.02a 0.55±0.03a 0.04±0.03a 32.06±1.03a 46.31±0.96a 27.64±0.14a
150 min 13.27±0.05a 3.08±0.04a 0.55±0.03a 0.06±0.02a 31.85±0.66a 46.97±1.15a 26.88±0.62a
180 min 13.26±0.02a 3.06±0.03a 0.54±0.02a 0.06±0.04a 32.41±0.48a 45.22±1.48a 27.33±0.23a
鲜紫菜: 照射时间2.5 h, 姜黄素浓度100 μmol/L 对照 17.48±0.32a 5.37±0.12a 0.92±0.06a / 19.70±0.39a 36.33±0.59a 14.74±0.10a
5 cm 17.46±0.18a 5.22±0.11a 1.01±0.19a 0.34±0.18a 19.51±0.24a 36.33±0.20a 14.69±0.13a
10 cm 17.46±0.08a 5.25±0.11a 0.83±0.09a 0.18±0.11a 19.36±0.66a 36.60±0.37a 14.51±0.21a
15 cm 17.32±0.04a 5.19±0.07a 0.88±0.05a 0.15±0.06a 20.05±0.41a 36.00±0.50a 14.82±0.26a
20 cm 17.36±0.07a 5.22±0.07a 0.78±0.12b 0.13±0.04a 19.45±0.52a 36.15±0.36a 14.57±0.11a
25 cm 17.32±0.07a 5.19±0.03a 0.72±0.10b 0.11±0.02a 19.42±0.20a 36.26±0.15a 14.56±0.23a
一次干燥后紫菜: 照射时间2.5 h, 姜黄素浓度100 μmol/L 对照 13.26±0.03a 3.09±0.03a 0.55±0.03a / 32.14±0.90a 46.23±1.63a 27.40±0.14a
5 cm 13.25±0.02a 3.07±0.02a 0.55±0.03a 0.04±0.03a 32.06±1.03a 46.31±0.96a 27.64±0.14a
10 cm 13.28±0.03a 3.13±0.05a 0.58±0.04a 0.07±0.03a 33.32±2.35a 47.83±2.20a 27.82±0.42a
15 cm 13.22±0.06a 3.11±0.03a 0.53±0.02a 0.05±0.04a 32.47±0.82a 46.57±0.67a 27.23±0.62a
20 cm 13.19±0.08a 3.06±0.07a 0.51±0.05a 0.10±0.06a 31.85±1.30a 46.74±0.32a 27.54±0.23a
25 cm 13.23±0.02a 3.07±0.02a 0.55±0.03a 0.04±0.02a 32.25±0.52a 46.18±1.13a 27.27±0.19a
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不同光敏剂复合蓝光照射对条斑紫菜减菌效果研究
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周仁杰 , 张晓榕 , 丁祎 , 盘赛昆 , 王文彬 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食源性致病菌检测与防控 2025,16(16): 121-130
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食源性致病菌检测与防控 2025, 16(16): 121-130
不同光敏剂复合蓝光照射对条斑紫菜减菌效果研究
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周仁杰 , 张晓榕, 丁祎, 盘赛昆, 王文彬*
作者信息
  • 江苏海洋大学海洋食品与生物工程学院, 连云港 222005
  • 周仁杰(1998—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品加工与安全。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王文彬(1990—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全控制。E-mail:
Study on the microbial reduction of different photosensitizers combined with blue light irradiation on Pyropia yezoensis
Ren-Jie ZHOU , Xiao-Rong ZHANG, Yi DING, Sai-Kun PAN, Wen-Bin WANG*
Affiliations
  • College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310002
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目的 研究不同光敏剂复合蓝光照射对条斑紫菜减菌效果。方法 本研究首先比较了4种光敏剂(姜黄素、维生素K3、核黄素、叶绿素铜钠), 3种波长(405、420、460 nm)对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌效果, 并将2种蓝光波长(405 nm、420 nm)及光敏剂(姜黄素、核黄素)应用于干燥前鲜紫菜的照射减菌, 比较了姜黄素处理浓度、照射时间和距离的影响, 测定了处理后、干燥后紫菜的卫生指标菌、色差(△E)及营养成分含量的变化。结果 鲜紫菜与纯菌体系的减菌效果一致, 采用蓝光复合光敏剂处理减菌效果更强, 蓝光420 nm复合100 μmol/L姜黄素(距离5 cm, 150 min)的减菌效果最佳, 未处理的鲜紫菜菌落总数及大肠菌群分别为5.69 log CFU/g和4.34 log CFU/g, 未处理组一次干燥后分别为6.63 log CFU/g和4.15 log CFU/g。处理后鲜紫菜菌落总数和大肠菌群数量分别降低1.88 log CFU/g和1.46 log CFU/g, 一次干燥后分别降低1.94 log CFU/g和1.35 log CFU/g。干制后紫菜的△E介于0.5和1.5之间, 属于轻微明显变化, 维生素C和E等营养成分无显著性变化(P>0.05)。结论 蓝光420 nm复合100 μmol/L姜黄素处理鲜紫菜后, 干制条斑紫菜菌落总数降低至4.56~4.82 log CFU/g, 除了因为染色作用出现轻微色差, 对营养成分无显著性变化。该研究结果为开发安全、高效、环保的条斑紫菜保鲜加工技术提供了技术支撑。

条斑紫菜  /  微生物控制  /  非热杀菌技术  /  光敏剂  /  蓝光

Objective To study the decontamination effects of different photosensitizers combined with blue light irradiation on Porphyra yezoensis. Methods This study first compared the bactericidal effects of 4 kinds of photosensitizers (curcumin, vitamin K3, riboflavin, and sodium copper chlorophyllin) and 3 kinds of wavelengths (405, 420 and 460 nm) on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Two kinds of blue light wavelengths (405 nm and 420 nm) and photosensitizers (curcumin and riboflavin) were then applied to fresh Pyropia yezoensi before drying. The influences of curcumin concentration, irradiation time, and distance were examined. The changes in hygienic indicator bacteria, color difference (ΔE), and nutritional content were measured before and after treatment and drying. Results The decontamination effect on fresh Pyropia yezoensi were consistent with those in the pure bacterial system. Blue light combined with photosensitizers exhibited stronger sterilization efficiency. The optimal treatment was 420 nm blue light combined with 100 μmol/L curcumin (5 cm distance, 150 min). The total viable count and coliforms in untreated fresh Pyropia yezoensi were 5.69 log CFU/g and 4.34 log CFU/g, respectively, which increased to 6.63 log CFU/g and 4.15 log CFU/g after primary drying. Total viable count and coliforms respectively decreased by 1.88 log CFU/g and 1.46 log CFU/g after treatment, and decreased by 1.94 log CFU/g and 1.35 log CFU/g after drying. ΔE of dried Pyropia yezoensi after treatment ranged between 0.5 and 1.5, indicating a slight but noticeable change, while no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in nutritional components such as vitamin C and vitamin E. Conclusion After treatment with 420 nm blue light and 100 μmol/L curcumin, the total viable count of dried Pyropia yezoensi was reduced to 4.56-4.82 log CFU/g. Apart from slight color difference due to staining, there was no significant change in nutritional components. This study provides technical support for developing a safe, efficient and environmentally friendly preservation and processing method for Pyropia yezoensi.

Pyropia yezoensis  /  microbial control  /  non-thermal sterilization technology  /  photosensitizer  /  blue light
周仁杰, 张晓榕, 丁祎, 盘赛昆, 王文彬. 不同光敏剂复合蓝光照射对条斑紫菜减菌效果研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (16) : 121 -130 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310002
Ren-Jie ZHOU, Xiao-Rong ZHANG, Yi DING, Sai-Kun PAN, Wen-Bin WANG. Study on the microbial reduction of different photosensitizers combined with blue light irradiation on Pyropia yezoensis[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (16) : 121 -130 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310002
紫菜是经济上重要的大型可食用海藻之一, 虽然其种类有数十种, 但因为有着独特的生长环境要求, 目前只有亚洲东部的中国、日本和韩国可以进行人工养殖[1]。紫菜按分类属于红藻门, 原红藻纲, 红毛菜目, 红毛菜科、紫菜属, 富含有益健康的多糖(膳食纤维)、蛋白质、牛磺酸和维生素B族[2]。紫菜具有多种生物活性, 包括抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗氧化、降血脂和高胆固醇作用[3], 经常食用可以预防甲状腺疾病, 提高免疫力。紫菜是海苔、寿司、紫菜包饭等食品的重要原料, 目前在亚洲国家如中国、日本、韩国, 紫菜的养殖和加工已形成了一定规模, 成为了沿海地区的重要经济产业之一, 仅我国的紫菜年产值已超过200亿元[4]。然而, 鲜紫菜含水量高, 组织脆嫩, 一旦从海里打捞起来后需尽快将其加工成干制条斑紫菜, 否则极易受到微生物污染而腐败变质[5]。目前, 江苏干制条斑紫菜的产量占全国的90%以上[6], 然而条斑紫菜菌落总数较高这一产业共性问题对于海苔食品的微生物控制和质量安全始终是一个不容忽视的挑战[7]
当前, 在紫菜微生物控制领域, 实际生产中的微生物控制措施非常有限, 对干燥后紫菜进行减菌处理的方法研究占据着主导地位。如介电阻挡放电等离子体处理、紫外线(ultraviolet-C, UV-C)处理、臭氧熏蒸处理[8]、电晕放电等离子体射流[9]、乙烯或环氧丙烷熏蒸、饱和蒸汽或干热、微波处理、高能电子束和伽马射线[10]。针对干制条斑紫菜的减菌方式虽然一定程度上降低了微生物水平, 但在应用中面临着诸多难题。首先, 伽马射线照射只能在授权的设施中以受控剂量进行, 并且面临需要标注、消费者接受度差的问题。其次, 这些技术有一定的局限性和缺点, 例如气味和颜色的改变[11]。环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷熏蒸已在美国应用, 但由于其对人类的致癌潜力, 在许多国家并未被批准使用[12]。此外, 干燥后条斑紫菜的减菌处理较为困难, 这可能与多层结构、耐热微生物有关, 因此应该探索干燥前减菌处理, 从而更好地控制干燥条斑紫菜的微生物[8]
近年来, 非热杀菌技术因其能够有效杀灭微生物, 同时最大限度地保持食品的色泽、风味和营养成分而受到广泛关注[13]。其中, 蓝光减菌技术作为一种新兴的非热杀菌技术, 具有操作简单、能耗低、无化学残留等优点, 在食品保鲜领域展现出良好的应用前景[14]。蓝光减菌技术主要通过光动力效应杀灭微生物。蓝光能够激活光敏剂产生活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS), ROS 可以破坏微生物的细胞膜、蛋白质和DNA, 从而导致微生物死亡[15]。研究表明, 不同波长的蓝光及照射时间对微生物的杀灭效果不同, 并且光敏剂的种类和浓度也会影响蓝光的减菌效果[16]。采用405 nm蓝光照射西红柿12 d后, 灰葡萄孢菌和匍匐根霉菌分别降低了1.9 log CFU/g和3.2 log CFU/g[17]。采用160 μmol/L姜黄素结合420 nm蓝光LED灯照射橙子180 min后, 酸土脂环酸芽孢杆菌孢子的数量降低了0.8 log CFU/g[18]; 采用50 μmol/L姜黄素结合460 nm蓝光LED灯照射牡蛎30 min, 牡蛎中副溶血性弧菌降低了1.5 log CFU/g[19]。使用50~100 μmol/L核黄素结合460 nm蓝光LED灯照射烟熏鲑鱼表面40 min后, 鲑鱼表面菌落总数降低了0.8 log CFU/g[20]。而不同蓝光结合不同光敏剂照射对于条斑紫菜的减菌效果和品质影响目前尚不清楚。
因此, 本研究以鲜条斑紫菜为研究对象, 筛选了不同蓝光波长与不同光敏剂组合对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及紫菜的杀菌效果, 进一步研究了光敏剂浓度、照射时间、距离等对鲜条斑紫菜及一次干燥后条斑紫菜的减菌效果、色泽和营养成分的影响, 筛选出最佳减菌参数, 为开发安全、高效、环保的干燥前条斑紫菜微生物控制技术提供理论依据。
从位于江苏省连云港市连云区的中型紫菜加工厂的生产线上采集紫菜样品。采用无菌采样勺取储存于脱水槽中的切碎后紫菜样品, 并转移到无菌采样袋中; 将采样袋放入装有冰袋的保温泡沫箱中低温运输; 采样后2 h内将样品转移至实验室, 取25 g样品进行微生物检验, 其余样品置于-80 ℃冰箱中保存待用。根据检验结果, 选取微生物水平较高的紫菜样品于室温解冻后进行减菌实验。
波长分别为(405±5)、(420±5)、(460±5) nm的蓝光LED灯(85~265 V, 500 W, 苏州辉恒光源科技有限公司); HX-4GM拍打式均质机(上海沪西实业有限公司); Eppendorf 5427R离心机(德国艾本德股份公司); MB-48S高通量组织研磨仪(浙江美壁仪器有限公司); WSC-S色差计(上海仪电物理光学仪器有限公司); SW-CJ-1F单人超净工作台(上海笃特仪器有限公司)。
大肠杆菌BL21(实验室保存)、金黄色葡萄球菌CGMCC 1.8674(中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心); 姜黄素(纯度≥97%)、叶绿素铜钠(纯度≥98%)、核黄素(纯度≥98%)(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司); 维生素K3 (vitamin K3, VK3, 纯度≥98%)[西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司]; 平板计数琼脂(plate count agar, PCA)培养基、结晶紫中性红胆盐琼脂(violet red bile agar, VRBA)培养基、煌绿乳糖胆盐肉汤(brilliant green lactose bile broth, BGLB)培养基(广东环凯微生物科技有限公司); A009-1-1维生素C (vitamin C, VC)检测试剂盒、A008-1-1维生素E (vitamin E, VE)检测试剂盒、A045-2-1总蛋白质含量检测试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)。
将大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌单菌落接种到LB培养基37 ℃过夜培养形成种子液, 取500 μL种子液分别接种至50 mL LB培养基中, 在摇床中37 ℃, 2 h摇至OD600至0.6左右, 然后将培养基倒入灭菌后的50 mL离心管, 8000 r/min离心15 min, 用无菌的磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffer solution, PBS)重悬菌液沉淀, 将菌液稀释至OD600 0.2左右备用。
在超净工作台中分别取20 mL步骤1.3.1稀释后的菌液至一次性无菌培养皿, 在培养皿外围放置提前开孔并使用紫外灭菌灯内外照射15 min灭菌的纸箱, 纸箱开孔处距培养皿底部5 cm, 将蓝光LED灯朝下扣在纸箱上方开孔处, 充分照射下方培养皿。采用单因素实验, 研究了蓝光波长(405、420、460 nm)、光敏剂种类[姜黄素、VK3、核黄素、叶绿素铜钠]对减菌效果的影响。
将紫菜样品浸泡在步骤1.3.2筛选出的100 μmol/L光敏剂溶液中, 使用摇床匀速摇晃10 min以充分混合, 然后通过大小为15 cm×15 cm×1.5 cm的模具浇注在清洗过的帘片(19 cm×21 cm)上, 浇饼时尽量保持平稳且快速, 以确保紫菜饼的薄厚均匀无孔洞。接着用同等大小的工业海绵反复按压紫菜, 以将紫菜定型和脱水。在超净工作台中取压制脱水后的紫菜样品均匀铺到一次性无菌培养皿上, 蓝光杀菌操作同上。
从步骤1.4.1中筛选出最优蓝光和减菌剂搭配, 通过单因素实验, 固定光敏剂为100 μmol/L, 照射距离5 cm, 研究照射时间(30、60、90、120、150和180 min)对鲜紫菜杀菌效果及色差和营养成分的影响。
通过单因素实验, 固定蓝光照射时间为150 min, 照射距离5 cm, 研究光敏剂浓度(25、50、100、150、200 μmol/L)对鲜紫菜杀菌效果及色差和营养成分的影响。
通过单因素实验, 固定光敏剂含量为100 μmol/L, 蓝光照射时间为150 min, 研究蓝光照射距离(5、10、15、20、25 cm) 对鲜紫菜杀菌效果及色差和营养成分的影响。
将步骤1.4.1压制脱水后帘片上的饼状紫菜放入烘箱中进行脱水干燥(一次干燥), 干燥温度为45 ℃, 时间2.5 h, 以确保干燥效果和品质。及时测定干燥前后紫菜的微生物水平及理化指标(色差、营养素)。
菌落总数、大肠菌群检验按照GB 4789.2—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》、GB 4789.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 大肠菌群计数》中平板计数法进行测定。
对紫菜样品处理后、干燥后的色差及营养成分进行了分析。
使用WSC-S色差计测定鲜紫菜样品处理后、干燥后的明暗(L*)、红绿(a*)、黄蓝(b*)指标[8]。将紫菜样品使用高通量组织研磨仪研磨以避免样品层间颜色分布不均匀的影响。将色差计预热30 min后对仪器进行校准。为减小测量偏差, 在样品池中装满待测样品, 每个样品重复测量3次。总色差的计算公式(1)如下:
$\Delta {{E}^{*}}=\sqrt{{{(\Delta {{L}^{*}})}^{2}}+{{(\Delta {{a}^{*}})}^{2}}+{{(\Delta {{b}^{*}})}^{2}}}$
通过市售VC检测试剂盒、VE检测试剂盒及总蛋白质含量检测试剂盒测定。VC、VE含量用μg/g表示, 总蛋白质含量用g/L表示。
微生物检验和理化性质分析均重复3次, 结果最终表示为平均值±标准偏差。菌落总数和大肠菌群取Log 10换算成log CFU/g。为避免干燥前后紫菜样品干重的不一致性, 根据生产过程中的得率(15:1), 通过干重表示紫菜样品的微生物水平。用SPSS 26软件进行方差分析, P<0.05存在显著性。
图1显示不同蓝光波长及添加不同光敏剂照射2.5 h对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠杆菌减菌效果均有显著影响(P<0.05)。初始金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌纯菌液浓度(对照)分别为6.55 log CFU/g和6.43 log CFU/g。蓝光单独照射下, 405 nm波长下减菌效果最佳, 使金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌分别降低1.52 log CFU/g、1.30 log CFU/g, 420 nm和460 nm波长下则分别降低1.2 log CFU/g、0.68 log CFU/g和0.93 log CFU/g、0.28 log CFU/g。添加100 μmol/L光敏剂能显著增强减菌效果(P<0.05), 其中姜黄素、核黄素和VK3在蓝光420 nm波长下减菌效果最佳, 金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌分别降低了3.10 log CFU/g、3.36 log CFU/g, 2.79 log CFU/g、3.10 log CFU/g, 2.35 log CFU/g、2.07 log CFU/g。因此, 选取蓝光405 nm和420 nm及姜黄素和核黄素进行后续条斑紫菜的减菌实验。
图2显示蓝光405 nm及蓝光420 nm复合姜黄素和核黄素光敏剂照射2.5 h对紫菜减菌效果均有显著影响(P<0.05)。未处理的鲜紫菜菌落总数及大肠菌群分别为5.69 log CFU/g和4.34 log CFU/g, 一次干燥后分别为6.63 log CFU/g和4.15 log CFU/g。与对照组相比, 蓝光405 nm单独照射2.5 h, 鲜紫菜菌落总数及大肠菌群分别降低0.81 log CFU/g和0.62 log CFU/g, 一次干燥后分别降低1.32 log CFU/g和1.00 log CFU/g(图2a)。蓝光420 nm单独照射鲜紫菜2.5h, 紫菜菌落总数及大肠菌群分别降低0.61 log CFU/g和0.45 log CFU/g, 一次干燥后分别降低1.06 log CFU/g和0.72 log CFU/g(图2c)。而在蓝光与光敏剂组合处理组中, 均为蓝光420 nm波长复合姜黄素减菌效果最佳, 处理后鲜紫菜菌落总数及大肠菌群分别降低了1.88 log CFU/g和1.46 log CFU/g(图2a、2c), 一次干燥后分别降低1.94 log CFU/g和1.35 log CFU/g(图2b、2d)。
根据以往的文献[21], 可感知的总色差(△E)可分为不显著(0~0.5)、轻微明显(0.5~1.5)、明显(1.5~3.0)和清晰可见(3.0~6.0)。表1显示, 相比于对照组, 不添加光敏剂的情况下, 两种蓝光波长(405 nm和420 nm)照射2.5 h对鲜紫菜及一次干燥后紫菜的VC、VE及蛋白质含量无显著性影响(P>0.05)。而两种波长下添加100 μmol/L姜黄素及核黄素照射处理, 均使鲜紫菜发生了明显颜色变化(△E介于1.5~3.0), 但一次干燥后色差变小, 发生了轻微明显的变化(△E介于0.5~1.5)。添加姜黄素照射处理并没有使鲜紫菜及一次干燥后紫菜营养成分损失, 而添加核黄素照射处理对紫菜的VC和VE含量有显著影响(P<0.05), 但损失量低于12%。
图3显示, 在蓝光420 nm下, 姜黄素浓度、照射时间及照射距离对紫菜减菌效果有显著影响(P<0.05)。未处理的鲜紫菜菌落总数及大肠菌群分别为5.69 log CFU/g和4.34 log CFU/g。一次干燥后分别为6.63 log CFU/g和4.15 log CFU/g。与对照组相比, 随着姜黄素浓度上升、照射时间的增加, 以及照射距离的降低, 减菌效果逐渐提升; 当姜黄素浓度达到100 μmol/L、照射时间增加到150 min, 照射距离为5 cm时, 减菌效果达到最优; 与对照组相比, 鲜紫菜菌落总数及大肠菌群的分别降低了1.88 log CFU/g和1.46 log CFU/g, 一次干燥后分别降低了1.94 log CFU/g和1.35 log CFU/g。
表2显示, 除姜黄素浓度对紫菜色差存在显著影响外, 测试的姜黄素浓度、蓝光照射时间及照射距离对鲜紫菜及一次干燥后紫菜的色差及营养成分均无显著性影响(P>0.05)。随着姜黄素浓度的增加, L*逐渐升高, 表明鲜紫菜的亮度增加; a*b*也显著增加(P<0.05), 表明鲜紫菜的颜色向红色和黄色方向偏移。总色差(△E)从1.19 (25 μmol/L)增加到3.44 (200 μmol/L), 表明姜黄素浓度增加会对鲜紫菜的色泽产生明显影响。特别是在50 μmol/L及以上时, △E超过1.5, 属于明显变化, 肉眼可见鲜紫菜的颜色变亮且偏红黄色, 但一次干燥后△E均小于1.5, 属于轻微明显的颜色变化。营养成分如VC、VE、蛋白质含量在不同处理组之间无显著差异(P>0.05), 表明姜黄素处理对鲜紫菜及一次干燥后紫菜的营养成分稳定性影响较小。
为了控制海苔食品菌落总数不超过GB 19643—2016《食品安全国家标准 藻类及其制品》的限量标准, 干制条斑紫菜的菌落总数控制在5 log CFU/g以内是比较理想的。在本研究中, 未处理组干燥后条斑紫菜菌落总数和大肠菌群分别为6.31~6.95 log CFU/g和3.82~4.48 log CFU/g; 姜黄素和核黄素处理组(100 μmol/L, 距离5 cm, 150 min)中, 一次干燥后条斑紫菜菌落总数和大肠菌群分别为4.56~4.82 log CFU/g和2.52~3.08 log CFU/g, 以及4.79~5.33 log CFU/g和2.82~3.18 log CFU/g, 说明姜黄素组的减菌效果较为突出。在干制条斑紫菜中鉴定出高微生物水平与以往研究一致, 干制条斑紫菜的菌落总数为4.4~7.8 log CFU/g[22], 7.34~7.91 log CFU/g[8]。有研究指出, 仅通过热风干燥不能提供有效降低条斑紫菜菌落总数, 反而会导致微生物的增加, 这可能与干燥过程紫菜重量减轻(约变为初始重量的1/15), 导致微生物浓度上升有关; 此外, 可能与切碎后紫菜营养成分释放, 一次干燥温湿度及时间(45 ℃, 相对湿度60%, 3~4 h)适宜紫菜中部分微生物的生长有关。实验室前期研究表明仅在一次干燥过程中, 基于干重计算的条斑紫菜菌落总数仍然增加了1.87~3.33 log CFU/g[8]
本研究发现条斑紫菜的状态对于蓝光照射减菌效果有显著影响, 浇饼、脱水后紫菜比在清洗环节的紫菜更适合进行蓝光杀菌。在本研究初期, 采用光敏剂浸泡鲜紫菜并结合蓝光照射的减菌方法, 结果显示与未处理组相比减菌效果无显著性差异。这可能是由于蓝光穿透能力有限, 难以有效作用于紫菜内部的细菌, 同时紫菜在水中相互遮挡限制了杀菌效果。因此, 本研究将光敏剂与鲜紫菜充分混匀并将鲜紫菜浇饼后进行照射, 照射面积扩大, 蓝光利用率显著提高, 光敏剂分布更加均匀, 从而有效提升了杀菌效果。
本研究发现不同蓝光波长以及不同光敏剂的杀菌效率存在显著差异。干制条斑紫菜加工过程中, 干燥前条斑紫菜的群落结构存在差异, 但主要包括莫拉氏菌科、肠杆菌科、黄杆菌科[23]。本研究使用了大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作为典型代表[24-26]进行了不同蓝光波长和光敏剂的筛选, 发现蓝光对两种细菌的减菌效果相近, 单独蓝光照射情况下405 nm波长的减菌效果最强, 而复合光敏剂后蓝光420 nm结合100 μmol/L姜黄素的减菌效果最佳。与纯菌体系的结果一致, 该处理显著降低了鲜条斑紫菜以及一次干燥后条斑紫菜中的微生物水平。在光敏剂筛选中, 姜黄素和核黄素的减菌效果优于VK3和叶绿素铜钠; 而姜黄素对紫菜的减菌效果更好, 而且对营养成分无显著性影响。以往研究也表明, 不同光敏剂在光动力杀菌处理中对波长的响应存在显著差异。如姜黄素在蓝光区域(400~450 nm)表现出高效的光动力活性, 而核黄素在紫外光(370 nm)和蓝光(440 nm)下均有较强吸收。叶绿素铜钠主要在红光区域(660 nm)被激活, 而VK3则在紫外光(300~400 nm)下表现出高效杀菌效果[27]
有研究指出, 不同光敏剂和蓝光波长组合的杀菌效果差异主要源于光敏剂的吸收特性、蓝光的穿透能力、活性氧生成效率、食品的细菌种类及环境因素的综合作用[28]。150 μmol/L姜黄素配合455~460 nm蓝光照1 h可降低三文鱼中菌落总数1.6 log CFU/g, 使货架期延长2 d[29]。50 μmol/L姜黄素喷洒鲜切哈密瓜并结合460 nm蓝光照射60 min, 可有效降低菌落总数1.8 log CFU/g, 延缓哈密瓜褐变的速率, 并使硬度、水分和可溶性固形物含量更稳定[30]。在南美白对虾表面喷洒30 mg/L姜黄素避光孵育40 min, 采用425 nm蓝光照射40 min后可降低菌落总数约3 log CFU/g, 且较好的保持了理化特性, 减缓了腐败速率[31]。本研究杀菌效果(菌落总数降低约1.88~1.94 log CFU/g)明显低于对虾处理结果, 这种差异可能是由于紫菜和对虾在颜色和形态特性上的区别。研究表明, 深色食品基质的发色团可通过竞争性光吸收显著降低有效光穿透深度[32-33]。已报道蓝光对皮肤的穿透深度约为1000 μm, 由于干制条斑紫菜的多层片状结构(厚度约100 μm)和复杂表面褶皱, 蓝光的实际穿透可能不足100 μm。
尽管姜黄素及核黄素具有良好的食用安全性, 但处理后均造成了条斑紫菜色泽的改变, 这是由于姜黄素及核黄素的固有颜色对鲜紫菜的染色作用。有研究表明, 使用0.2 mmol/L 姜黄素和核黄素处理鲜切苹果后, 即使不经过蓝光照射, 苹果表面也出现了不良颜色和外观变化[34]。而且核黄素浓度越高, 延缓褐变的效果越差[35]。采用0.5 μmol/L姜黄素结合蓝光具有较强的抗褐变能力, 当浓度为10 μmol/L时具有较强的抗菌作用, 而一旦浓度大于50 μmol/L会导致食品染色[36]。欧洲食品安全局(European Food Safety Authority, EFSA)将姜黄素分子定义为非致癌化合物, 允许其用作食品添加, 且美国食品和药物管理局(U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA)承认姜黄素是一种公认安全物质[37]。然而, 为保证安全, 应遵循世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO) 200 mg/kg 体重的最大摄入量的建议[38]
光动力杀菌技术在食品保鲜领域中非热处理灭活微生物展现出独特的优势, 但其在实际应用中仍面临一些挑战。首先, 蓝光波长短、穿透深度比较浅, 不同食品的粗糙度、表面疏水性等均可能会影响蓝光的穿透性, 进而影响减菌效果[39]。其次, 光敏剂的选择和浓度对减菌效果和食品品质的影响较大, 合理的光敏剂和使用浓度有助于在保证减菌效果的同时, 减少对食品色泽和营养成分的损失。
本研究筛选了3种波长蓝光(405、420、460 nm)与4种光敏剂(姜黄素、VK3、核黄素、叶绿素铜钠), 发现添加光敏剂可显著增强蓝光对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的减菌效果。姜黄素、核黄素和VK3均在蓝光420 nm下具有最佳的减菌效果; 不同光敏剂中姜黄素减菌效果最佳, 大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌分别减少了3.1和3.36 log CFU/g。对鲜条斑紫菜的蓝光和光敏剂筛选结果与纯菌体系一致, 蓝光420 nm复合100 μmol/L姜黄素照射150 min的减菌效果最佳; 与对照组相比, 处理后鲜紫菜中的菌落总数和大肠菌群分别降低了1.88 log CFU/g和1.46 log CFU/g, 一次干燥后干的紫菜分别降低了1.94 log CFU/g和1.35 log CFU/g, 干燥后条斑紫菜菌落总数降低至4.56~ 4.82 log CFU/g, 紫菜色泽发生了轻微明显变化(△E 1.11), VC、VE和蛋白质含量均未受到显著影响。该研究为探索条斑紫菜保鲜和加工中的蓝光杀菌技术提供了参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32172284)
  • 连云港市重点研发计划项目(CG2437)
  • 江苏省海洋资源开发技术创新中心开放课题项目(LWJJ-05)
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2025年第16卷第16期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310002
  • 接收时间:2025-03-10
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32172284)
连云港市重点研发计划项目(CG2437)
江苏省海洋资源开发技术创新中心开放课题项目(LWJJ-05)
作者信息
    江苏海洋大学海洋食品与生物工程学院, 连云港 222005

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* 王文彬(1990—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全控制。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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