Article(id=1217781127817904947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250304004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1741017600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768271246151, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768271246151, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768271246151, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768271246151, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217779717386715826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768270909877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768299620707, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=184, endPage=191, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217781128161837895, articleId=1217781127817904947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Effects of modified atmosphere packaging and 1-methylcyclopropene treatment on the storage quality of fresh lotus seeds, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To study the effects of modified atmosphere packaging on the quality changes of lotus seeds during storage. Methods Fresh lotus seeds were used as the test material, and the appearance and nutritional quality of the lotus seeds were treated with a film-covered 20% modified atmosphere packaging (T1), and a film-covered 20% modified atmosphere packaging with 1-methylcyclopropene (T2), with a regular preservation box used as the control (CK). Results The results showed that compared to CK, both T1 and T2 treatments significantly reduced the weight loss and browning of lotus seeds, and maintained the content of nutrients such as vitamin C, amylose, total phenols and soluble solids. Under the condition of 7 days of room temperature storage, the weight loss of CK was 16.4%, T1 was 3.4%, and T2 was 4.0%. The total phenol content of CK, T1 and T2 was 5.453, 9.210 and 10.916 mg/g, respectively. The vitamin C content in T1 and T2 was 0.41 mg/100 g and 0.84 mg/100 g higher than that of the control group, and the amylose content was 0.856 mg/g and 1.438 mg/g higher than that of the control group. Conclusion The results of the study indicate that the T1 and T2 treatments have a good effect in reducing the post-harvest nutrient consumption of lotus seeds and maintaining their color, with T2 treatment showing a more significant effect compared to T1 treatment. This research provides practical evidence for the optimization of post-harvest preservation techniques for fresh lotus seeds.

, correspAuthors=Liang GONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong LUO, Dan LI, Hui-Rong CHENG, Ling XIE, Yue-Ming JIANG, Liang GONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217781130808443867, articleId=1217781127817904947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=气调保鲜盒和1-甲基环丙烯处理对鲜莲子贮藏品质的影响, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究气调保鲜盒对莲子贮藏期品质变化的影响。方法 以新鲜莲子为样品, 采用覆膜20%的气调保鲜盒处理(T1), 以及覆膜20%的气调保鲜盒加1-甲基环丙烯共处理(T2), 并以普通保鲜盒作为参照对比(CK), 测定其外观及营养品质。结果 相比于CK, T1和T2处理均可显著降低莲子的失重率和褐变度, 维持维生素C、直链淀粉、总酚、可溶性固形物等营养物质的含量, 在莲子常温贮藏7 d条件下, CK失重为16.4%, T1失重为3.4%, T2失重为4.0%。CK、T1和T2总酚含量分别为5.453、9.210、10.916 mg/g; T1和T2组维生素C含量分别比对照组高0.41 mg/100 g和0.84 mg/100 g, 直链淀粉含量分别比对照组高0.856 mg/g、1.438 mg/g。结论 T1和T2处理对减少莲子采后营养物质消耗和维护色泽等方面具有良好效果, T2处理相较于T1处理的效果更明显。本研究为新鲜莲子采后保鲜技术的优化提供了实践依据。

, correspAuthors=龚亮, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*龚亮(1982—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为果蔬保鲜技术。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=JbTLgD+gRZbL1a8h1syiJw==, magXml=GG0WbuJobmN1IA1rcsC99Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=XcMmQv9stZR8kUr1t7MqYA==, pdfFileSize=5477959, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=+TVwZD8YfM0XWh0ke0qD/A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KKJ8Ma+efIqH+aDA8+BEPA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

罗红(1998—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为果蔬采后保鲜。E-mail:

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罗红(1998—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为果蔬采后保鲜。E-mail:

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注: 不同字母表示同一贮藏时间组间差异显著(P<0.05), 图24~9同。

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气调保鲜盒和1-甲基环丙烯处理对鲜莲子贮藏品质的影响
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罗红 , 李丹 , 程慧蓉 , 谢玲 , 蒋跃明 , 龚亮 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(12): 184-191
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(12): 184-191
气调保鲜盒和1-甲基环丙烯处理对鲜莲子贮藏品质的影响
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罗红 , 李丹, 程慧蓉, 谢玲, 蒋跃明, 龚亮*
作者信息
  • 中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650
  • 罗红(1998—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为果蔬采后保鲜。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*龚亮(1982—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为果蔬保鲜技术。E-mail:
Effects of modified atmosphere packaging and 1-methylcyclopropene treatment on the storage quality of fresh lotus seeds
Hong LUO , Dan LI, Hui-Rong CHENG, Ling XIE, Yue-Ming JIANG, Liang GONG*
Affiliations
  • South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250304004
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目的 研究气调保鲜盒对莲子贮藏期品质变化的影响。方法 以新鲜莲子为样品, 采用覆膜20%的气调保鲜盒处理(T1), 以及覆膜20%的气调保鲜盒加1-甲基环丙烯共处理(T2), 并以普通保鲜盒作为参照对比(CK), 测定其外观及营养品质。结果 相比于CK, T1和T2处理均可显著降低莲子的失重率和褐变度, 维持维生素C、直链淀粉、总酚、可溶性固形物等营养物质的含量, 在莲子常温贮藏7 d条件下, CK失重为16.4%, T1失重为3.4%, T2失重为4.0%。CK、T1和T2总酚含量分别为5.453、9.210、10.916 mg/g; T1和T2组维生素C含量分别比对照组高0.41 mg/100 g和0.84 mg/100 g, 直链淀粉含量分别比对照组高0.856 mg/g、1.438 mg/g。结论 T1和T2处理对减少莲子采后营养物质消耗和维护色泽等方面具有良好效果, T2处理相较于T1处理的效果更明显。本研究为新鲜莲子采后保鲜技术的优化提供了实践依据。

莲子  /  保鲜  /  气调保鲜盒  /  1-甲基环丙烯  /  营养品质

Objective To study the effects of modified atmosphere packaging on the quality changes of lotus seeds during storage. Methods Fresh lotus seeds were used as the test material, and the appearance and nutritional quality of the lotus seeds were treated with a film-covered 20% modified atmosphere packaging (T1), and a film-covered 20% modified atmosphere packaging with 1-methylcyclopropene (T2), with a regular preservation box used as the control (CK). Results The results showed that compared to CK, both T1 and T2 treatments significantly reduced the weight loss and browning of lotus seeds, and maintained the content of nutrients such as vitamin C, amylose, total phenols and soluble solids. Under the condition of 7 days of room temperature storage, the weight loss of CK was 16.4%, T1 was 3.4%, and T2 was 4.0%. The total phenol content of CK, T1 and T2 was 5.453, 9.210 and 10.916 mg/g, respectively. The vitamin C content in T1 and T2 was 0.41 mg/100 g and 0.84 mg/100 g higher than that of the control group, and the amylose content was 0.856 mg/g and 1.438 mg/g higher than that of the control group. Conclusion The results of the study indicate that the T1 and T2 treatments have a good effect in reducing the post-harvest nutrient consumption of lotus seeds and maintaining their color, with T2 treatment showing a more significant effect compared to T1 treatment. This research provides practical evidence for the optimization of post-harvest preservation techniques for fresh lotus seeds.

lotus seed  /  preservation  /  modified atmosphere packaging  /  1-methylcyclopropene  /  nutritional quality
罗红, 李丹, 程慧蓉, 谢玲, 蒋跃明, 龚亮. 气调保鲜盒和1-甲基环丙烯处理对鲜莲子贮藏品质的影响. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (12) : 184 -191 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250304004
Hong LUO, Dan LI, Hui-Rong CHENG, Ling XIE, Yue-Ming JIANG, Liang GONG. Effects of modified atmosphere packaging and 1-methylcyclopropene treatment on the storage quality of fresh lotus seeds[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (12) : 184 -191 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250304004
莲子拥有大约3000年的历史。到目前为止, 中国已知的莲子种类有22种, 它们主要生长在福建、浙江、湖南和湖北等多个省份。莲子的形状通常是椭圆或球状, 但不同的种类在尺寸上存在差异。剥去外皮的莲子既可以直接食用, 也可以选择干燥后储存。莲子是蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪的丰富来源, 同时也富含多种营养元素, 如氨基酸、维生素B1、B2、B6、C、E, 以及如磷脂、钙、铁、锌、磷等的微量元素。此外, 它还包含了如水溶性多糖、生物碱、类黄酮和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)等多种具有生物活性的物质[1]。因此, 莲子是一种营养价值极高的食材, 不仅可以作为日常果蔬食用, 还可以作为功能性保健品。有研究表明, 莲子具有治疗慢性消化不良、血尿、肠炎、失眠、组织炎症、心悸、癌症、改善食欲和记忆力、增强免疫力等多种功效, 因此常被用于医药和保健食品领域[2]
每年7—9月高温时期是新鲜莲子的主要收获时期。在这个阶段, 莲子细胞的呼吸活动和生理代谢过程相对更为活跃。但是, 当果皮和果肉的硬度逐步上升时, 莲子的甜味也会相应地减少。这会导致莲子在贮藏期间极易迅速变质, 从而增加了其保鲜的难度。新鲜莲子的果肉是其主要的食用部分, 其中的风味成分对莲子的口感有着显著的影响。在低成熟阶段, 莲子的基础风味主要表现为甜味和鲜味, 而在高成熟阶段, 莲子的主要风味则是涩味[3]。新鲜莲子在不同的成熟阶段, 其口感表现出显著的差异性。因此, 确保莲子的新鲜度对于其商业潜力来说是非常关键的。对于新鲜莲子的保鲜, 使用防腐剂的研究较多。然而, 使用防腐剂来保存莲子的方法不仅操作烦琐, 而且保鲜时间也相对较短[4]。1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP)已被识别为乙烯的抑制剂, 并已被研发为一种新技术, 用于延长许多水果和蔬菜的保质期。1-MCP可以防止乙烯对各种水果、蔬菜和花卉作物产生不良影响[5]。研究发现, 通过适当浓度的1-MCP处理, 可以有效地降低菠萝、柿子、猕猴桃等水果中的呼吸速度和乙烯生成, 从而延长水果的保质期并保持其质量[6-8]。自发气调包装(modified atmosphere packaging, MAP)是一种广泛用于延长新鲜水果和蔬菜保质期的保存方法, MAP主要是改变包装气体中O2和CO2水平, 通过低O2和高CO2来影响产品的新陈代谢, 可以减缓产品的自然变质[9-10]。研究发现, MAP可以延长石榴假种皮[11]、酱鸭[12]、覆盆子[13]、西红柿[14]等产品的保质期。因此, 使用MAP对水果进行保鲜, 这有助于减缓其营养的流失, 从而提升果实的整体品质。
为了解决上述问题, 本研究对普通保鲜盒进行了结构改良, 通过改进密封性和覆膜20%, 制备了气调保鲜盒。在常温环境下, 对比了覆膜20%、覆膜20%+1-MCP处理与普通保鲜盒装的莲子在硬度、色度、呼吸、失重、可溶性固形物(total soluble solids, TSS)、酸度、维生素C (vitamin C, VC)、总酚(total phenols, TP)和莲子中的直链淀粉含量并进行了深入的系统性分析, 观察新鲜莲子在收获后储存阶段的生理指标变化, 为新鲜莲子的保鲜提供了一种简便、健康且有益的包装选择。
根据前期使用盖面面积为150 cm2的保鲜盒分别覆膜10%、20%、40%进行预备实验, 结果表明, 当覆膜面积为20%时, 莲子的保鲜效果达到最佳。因此, 本研究选择一个盖面面积为150 cm2的标准保鲜盒, 并根据其面积进行计算, 切掉面积为20 cm2的盖面并覆膜, 保鲜盒覆膜材料和1-MCP采购于中科优果(广州)生物科技有限公司。将经过预冷的莲子按每盒250 g的重量置于保鲜盒内。实验设置了CK(未覆膜)、覆膜20% (T1)和覆膜20%+1-MCP (T2) 3个不同的包装组, 每组包含10个平行处理组, 并在25 °C的室温条件下进行储存。每组分别于0、1、2、3、4、5、7 d各取样一次, 在完成每一次的随机采集和相应的表观指标测试后, 将莲子进行去壳和去心处理, 并液氮速冻果肉, 在-80 °C条件下储存, 以便用于后续的指标测定工作。
无水乙醇(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 直链淀粉含量试剂盒、VC/抗坏血酸(L-ascorbic acid, AsA)测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所); 植物TP含量检测试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司)。
CHROMA METER CR-400色差仪[柯尼卡美能达(中国)投资有限公司]; ATAGO便携式水果糖度计(爱宕科学仪器有限公司); Li-6262CO2/H2O分析仪(杭州绿博仪器有限公司); GY-64硬度计(艾德堡仪器有限公司); 索尼zve10相机[索尼(中国)有限公司]。
使用Li-6262CO2/H2O分析仪, 采用红外二氧化碳分析法进行测定。取样时, 选择与其质量相似的果实, 并将其放置在2.5 L的密封塑料保鲜盒中, 保鲜盒的通气管口与分析仪的接口是直接连接的。启动分析器, 启动气泵, 每隔60 s记录一次数值, 总共记录5次。结果用 mg CO2·kg-1·h-1表示。
采用称量法测定, 计算如公式(1)所示:
失重率/%=$\frac{a-b}{a}$×100%
式中: a为贮藏前的质量, g; b为贮藏第N天的质量, g。
使用CHROMA METER CR-400色差仪进行测量。在每个处理组中, 随机选择莲子的外观侧面部分进行测量, 并将其侧面分为3个等级。每隔一段距离进行一次测量, 从而得到a*b*L*的平均值。+a*代表红色, -a*代表绿色, +b*代表黄色, -b*代表蓝色, 而L*则代表亮度。使用索尼zve10相机拍摄新鲜莲子的照片, 并详细观察和记录新鲜莲子在各种处理环境和不同存储时长下的褐变现象。
在不同的处理组中, 随机选取了10颗莲子。在仔细剥去莲子皮(确保不损伤果肉)之后, 使用硬度计进行测量, 并记录每个处理组数据, 取平均值。
使用ATAGO便携式水果糖度计来进行测量。在每个处理组中选择15个莲子, 先进行去皮和去心处理, 然后手工用4层纱布挤出果汁, 静置20 min后, 将0.1 mL的果汁滴入ATAGO便携式水果糖度计以测定其TSS, 接着加入4.90 mL的去离子水进行酸度的稀释测定, 结果用%表示。
利用Fe3+和还原型抗坏血酸迅速作用生成Fe2+, Fe2+与啡罗啉发生显色反应, 进而可以检测出VC含量(mg/100 g)。采用VC试剂盒进行相关检测, 具体的检测步骤详见试剂盒, 结果用mg/100 g表示。
酚类物质在碱性条件下与钨钼酸发生氧化还原反应, 生成蓝色复合物, 在760 nm处有特征吸收峰, 蓝色产物的吸光度与酚类物质的浓度成正比, 使用没食子酸的吸光度作为对比, 检测760 nm处的吸光值可计算出TP含量(mg/g)。使用索莱宝植物TP含量检测试剂盒进行检测, 具体的操作步骤请参考试剂盒。结果用mg/g表示。
直链淀粉含量(mg/g)对于评价食品营养价值具有重要意义, 使用80%的乙醇将样品中的可溶性糖与淀粉分开, 直链淀粉与碘形成的络合物在620 nm处有吸收峰, 根据吸光值计算出直链淀粉含量。采用直链淀粉含量试剂盒进行检测, 详细步骤见试剂盒。结果用mg/g表示。
使用Excel 2019统计数据, SPSS Statistics 21进行方差分析和单因素方差分析(one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA), P<0.05时表示存在显著性差异, 采用Origin 2021进行绘图。
新鲜的莲子在储存期间, 其硬度的变动在某种程度上揭示了莲子老化的程度。如图1所示, 随着储存时间的逐渐延长, 无论是对照组还是两个包装处理组, 其果肉的硬度都呈现出先增加后减少再增加后减少的变化趋势。在对照组中, 硬度在第2 d达到了峰值(31.253 kg/cm2), 之后开始逐步减少。在贮藏的第5 d, 对照组与T1处理在果肉硬度上展现了明显的差异(P<0.05)。T1与T2处理后的组别之间的差异不显著。在莲子的成熟阶段, 糖分转化为淀粉, 这种淀粉的累积使得果肉的硬度显著增加, 但随着储存时间的延长, 淀粉开始逐步分解, 导致硬度逐渐降低。在整体上, T1和T2两种处理的硬度在一个较小的范围内呈现出稳定的波动, 其变化幅度小于对照组。研究结果显示, 在T1和T2的处理下, 莲子的脆度得到了有效的保持。
水果在贮藏过程中呼吸作用和水分蒸发会导致果实变质, 从图2中可以看出, 莲子在储存过程中的失重程度是逐步上升的, 其中对照组的失重最为严重。到了储存的第7 d, 失重率上升到了16.4%。而使用T1的处理的失重率相对较低, 达到了3.4%, 使用T2处理在第7 d的失重率为4.0%, T1、T2两个处理莲子失重率远小于对照组。研究结果显示, 使用T1和T2处理可以有效地减缓新鲜莲子在储存过程中的水分散失, 减少其重量损失。
果皮颜色的形成主要得益于两种关键色素: 绿色的叶绿素和黄色的类胡萝卜素。这两种色素在大部分物种和栽培品种的成熟果实中起到了决定性的着色作用。花青素属于第三类色素, 其主要颜色范围从红色延伸至紫色。莲子的商业价值在很大程度上受到其外观颜色的直接影响。在贮藏过程中, 随着时间的流逝, 其果皮的颜色会逐步变化, 从嫩绿色逐渐过渡到黄绿色, 最终完全变为褐色。如图3展示了不同处理方法对新鲜莲子色泽的保鲜效果。对照组在储存的第2 d开始出现明显的褐变, T1处理在储存的第4 d出现轻度褐变, 而T2处理在储存的第5 d开始出现轻度褐变。然而, 第5 d的对照组中, 大多数新鲜莲子的褐变情况非常严重, 已经不再具有商业价值。L*、a*b*是颜色变化的关键指标, 如图4所示, 对照组与处理组之间的整体亮度呈现逐步降低的趋势, 对照组在第2 d开始出现亮度下降, 黄化现象加剧, 这可能与叶绿素降解过程有关。在储存的3~7 d时间段内, 在对照组与处理组之间, L*的差异显著(P<0.05), T1处理与T2处理的差异不显著(P>0.05), T1、T2组色泽亮度下降速度明显小于对照组。在贮藏过程中, b*整体上呈现逐步下降的趋势。在0~3 d的贮藏期间, 对照组与处理组之间的b*变化并不显著。但在4~7 d的贮藏期间, 对照组与处理组之间的b*存在显著差异(P<0.05)。值得注意的是, 两处理组在整个储存过程中b*的下降速度始终低于对照组。而在整个贮藏过程中, a*持续上升, 贮藏2 d后, 对照组的a*始终高于处理组, 这意味着新鲜莲子的绿色程度正在逐步降低。研究结果显示, 使用T1和T2处理可以有效地保持新鲜莲子的颜色稳定性, 并进一步延长其在货架上的保存期限。
莲子中TSS的含量变化能够直观地展示莲子的成熟程度和品质的波动。糖类是影响莲子甜度的主导因素, 有机酸是影响新鲜莲子味道品质的关键因子[3]。随着贮藏时间的逐渐延长, 对照组与处理组之间的TSS总体上呈现出一个增加的趋势。在对照组中, TSS在贮藏的第2 d开始逐渐增加, 并在第7 d达到峰值, 数值为14.15%, 在处理组中, 贮藏第7 d, T1为10.58%, T2为9.85%。在T1和T2的处理下, TSS的增长速度相对较慢, 在3~4 d, T1和T2处理与对照组差异显著, 而在5 d, 对照组与T1差异显著, 与T2的差异并不明显(P>0.05)。在贮藏第7 d, 对照组与处理组之间的差异显著(P<0.05), T2处理的TSS含量比对照组, 降低了4.3%, 而T1的处理则比对照组减少了3.6%。在对照组与处理组之间差异显著(P<0.05), 表明在贮藏过程中, 莲子经过T1和T2的处理, 可以显著地减缓其营养成分的消耗, 并降低TSS的堆积。在贮藏的全过程中, 新鲜莲子的酸度变化相对稳定, 在2%左右的范围内波动, 对照组在贮藏低7 d有略微的上升, 高于两个处理组(图5)。
新鲜莲子的呼吸活力是衡量其采后成熟和衰老程度的关键指标之一。新鲜莲子在采后呼吸活跃, 导致其在采后迅速老化, 从而失去了市场价值。在贮藏过程中, 呼吸速度先是迅速增加, 随后逐步减少, 在贮藏1~7 d, 对照组与处理组之间的差异显著(P<0.05)。新鲜莲子的呼吸速度在第1 d迅速增加, 而在贮藏的第2 d则迅速下降。其中, 对照组的下降速度最为显著, 从537.957 mg CO2·kg-1·h-1迅速减少到246.953 mg CO2·kg-1·h-1, 而T1的处理组则从815.417 mg CO2·kg-1·h-1下降到764.973 mg CO2·kg-1·h-1, T2的处理组从943.763 mg CO2·kg-1·h-1下降到了690.380 mg CO2·kg-1·h-1, 处理组的下降幅度明显低于对照组(图6)。研究结果显示, 使用T1和T2处理能够有效地减缓新鲜莲子呼吸速度的降低, 减缓营养成分的流失, 并有助于延缓其老化过程。
VC是一种具有抗氧化特性的物质, 能够有效地抑制超氧化物的生成[15]。如图7所示, 新鲜的莲子在储存期间, 其VC的含量总体上呈现下降的态势, T2处理在第1 d的VC含量稍有增加, 随后开始下降。在贮藏第7 d, T1和T2处理组中, VC的含量分别比对照组高0.41 mg/100 g和0.84 mg/100 g。特别是在贮藏5~7 d时, T1的处理组与对照组之间的差异非常显著(P<0.05), 而贮藏1~7 d时的T2处理组与对照组之间的差异显著(P<0.05)。研究结果显示, 使用T1和T2处理可以有效地保持新鲜莲子中的VC含量。
淀粉作为新鲜莲子的关键营养元素, 主要由支链淀粉和直链淀粉分子构成, 它在植物细胞中起到能量储存的作用。莲子淀粉是一种高度特异性的直链淀粉, 其老化速度与莲子的整体品质有着直接的关联。它也是多种功能性食品及其加工应用中的关键功能成分[16]。直链淀粉含量常用于评价谷物品质, 特别是用作烹饪质量和味道的重要指标[17]。在贮藏过程中, 直链淀粉的含量整体上呈现出一个先迅速增加后逐渐减少的趋势。在贮藏5~7 d, 处理组中的直链淀粉含量明显高于对照组, 而在2~4 d, T2处理组的直链淀粉含量整体上大于T1处理组, 在贮藏第5~7 d时对照组与T1、T2处理存在显著差异(图8)。在贮藏第7 d, T1和T2处理组中, 直链淀粉含量分别比对照组高0.856 mg/g、1.438 mg/g。这说明使用T1和T2可以有效地减缓新鲜莲子直链淀粉的降解, 并维持其原有的营养价值, 其中T2处理效果较T1处理效果显著。
酚类化合物在植物体内扮演着关键的次生代谢角色, 而果实的褐变主要是由过氧化物酶所催化, 使酚类化合物转化为醌类化合物, 进而呈现出褐色的外观[18]。TP有助于消除自由基, 具有抗老化和抗氧化的特性[19]。在贮藏过程中, 莲子果肉的TP含量总体上呈现下降的趋势。在贮藏2 d后, 处理组的TP含量始终高于对照组。当贮藏结束时, 对照组的莲子果肉TP下降速度最快。处理组和对照组的TP含量依次是T2 (10.916 mg/g)、T1 (9.210 mg/g)和对照组(5.453 mg/g)。在贮藏的第7 d, 对照组和处理组之间的差异明显(P<0.05), T1和T2之间差异显著(P<0.05)(图9)。因此, T1和T2处理均能有效维持采后莲子的TP含量。
莲子在采收季,温度高和湿度大, 导致收获后的莲子保鲜时间短, 营养流失速度快, 这极大地降低了莲子的商业价值。据研究表明, 气调保鲜有助于减缓水果的成熟衰老过程, 因此能有效地延长水果的保鲜期[20]。在本研究中, 使用了自发气调保鲜膜来调节莲子的呼吸代谢。水果通过自身呼吸作用消耗氧气, 释放二氧化碳, 本研究使用的保鲜盖膜对二氧化碳的透过率极高, 能调节保鲜盒中O2和CO2的水平, 影响其新陈代谢速率, 减缓水果品质的劣变。本研究中使用自发气调盒与1-MCP结合取得了更显著的保鲜效果, 因为1-MCP是乙烯的抑制剂, 其分子结构与乙烯高度相似, 能够抢先与乙烯受体结合, 通过抑制乙烯与其受体的相互作用, 延缓果实成熟与衰老的进程, 从而延长保鲜期[21]。研究发现在25 ℃条件下保存莲子, 并在T1和T2的处理下, 可以有效地减缓莲子的表皮褐变、失重和果肉硬度, 从而保持其果肉的脆度。这些研究结果与前人的研究结果相似[22], 与对照组相比, 处理组的褐变时间明显延后, 这表明T1、T2处理方法可以显著延缓叶绿素的分解过程。TSS主要包括液泡中所含的糖类、蛋白质和有机酸, 在贮藏期间, 莲子的TSS总体上呈现出逐步上升的趋势, 莲子贮藏第7 d对照组的TSS最高(14.15%), T1次之(10.58%), T2最少(9.85%), 这一现象可能是细胞壁果胶、纤维素和半纤维素的降解, 导致葡萄糖、果糖等中性糖含量增加[23]。在高温下, 可溶性多糖的释放比在低温下释放得更强烈[24], 酸度在处理组和对照组之间的变化相对较小。VC是产品抵抗氧化应激的重要标志物[15], 主要以还原形式存在于新鲜水果和蔬菜中, 是人体必需营养素[25]。本研究表明, 在贮藏期间, T1和T2处理能有效维持新鲜莲子VC含量。在莲子加工过程中, 直链淀粉的含量被视为一个关键指标, 它与处理后莲子的吸湿性和膨胀率正相关, 而与其黏度和颜色则是负相关[26]。在本研究中, 观察到直链淀粉的含量先上升, 后下降。与对照组相比, 处理组的直链淀粉含量降解速度相对较慢。这表明, 使用T1和T2处理可以有效地延缓莲子中直链淀粉的降解, 从而有助于保持采后莲子的色泽和口感。气调保鲜可以维持水果的高TP含量水平[27]。研究表明, 酚类化合物可以评价新鲜水果和蔬菜的成熟度, 莲子中酚类化合物和其他次生代谢物的含量与1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH)自由基的清除能力有着紧密的联系[28-29], 抗氧化能力也与酚类化合物的积累有关[30]。在本研究中, 观察到T1和T2的处理可以显著地维持莲子果肉中的TP含量, 并有助于减缓莲子在采摘后的衰老过程。
根据本研究发现, 使用气调保鲜方法, 并在室温(25 °C)的条件下, 对采后的莲子进行T1和T2保鲜处理。随着存储时间的增加, 处理组的莲子颜色从嫩绿色逐渐转为黄绿色, 最终完全变为褐变。在贮藏过程中, a*和失重率都呈上升趋势, 处理组的值低于对照组。而在贮藏2 d后,处理组L*、呼吸速率、直链淀粉含量、TP含量和VC含量始终高于对照组。T2的处理效果明显优于T1。综上所述, T2处理对维持新鲜莲子品质效果最佳, T1处理次之, 两者皆可作为一种安全可靠的莲子采后保鲜包装技术。
  • 湖南省重点研发计划项目(2024JK2142)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2100502)
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2025年第16卷第12期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250304004
  • 接收时间:2025-03-04
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-04
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湖南省重点研发计划项目(2024JK2142)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2100502)
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    中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650

通讯作者:

*龚亮(1982—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为果蔬保鲜技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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