Article(id=1217781127046152960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250301001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1740758400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768271245967, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768271245967, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768271245967, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768271245967, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217779717386715826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768270909877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768299620707, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=287, endPage=293, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217781127511720734, articleId=1217781127046152960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Quantitative analysis of active components and comprehensive evaluation of nutritional value between hybrid Gastrodia elata and its parent varieties, columnId=1151923894560060071, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Nutrition and Functional Foods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To quantitatively analysis and comprehensively evaluate the active component content and nutritional value of hybrid Gastrodia elata and its parent varieties. Methods A combination of ultra performance liquid chromatography, automatic amino acid analyzer and Dumas nitrogen analyzer was employed to conduct a quantitative analysis and comprehensive evaluation of their active component contents and nutritional values. One-way analysis of variance was performed using SPSS. Results The hybrid Gastrodia elata exhibited significant advantages in active component content. For instance, the total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in WH03 reached 1.082%, with a parishin content of 0.750%, both significantly higher than those of the parent varieties. In terms of nutritional value, the total amino acid content and protein content of hybrid Gastrodia elata were also superior to those of the parent plants. Specifically, the hybrid Gastrodia elata WH03 exhibited a total amino acid content of 7.604% and a protein content of 10.12%. Conclusion This study establishes a chemometrics-based comprehensive evaluation model for Gastrodia elata quality, revealing the chemical quality improvement patterns of hybrid strains, and provides critical scientific evidence for the genetic improvement and industrial development of Gastrodia elata.

, correspAuthors=Hui ZHAO, Zhi-Wei FENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li-Li CUI, Hong-Ying GUO, Hui ZHAO, Chao SONG, Yu-He REN, Chang SHEN, Zhi-Wei FENG, Ji-Yang WANG, Li-Min SU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217781129210413946, articleId=1217781127046152960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=杂交天麻与亲本活性成分的量化分析及营养价值综合评价, columnId=1151923894698472105, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品营养及功能性食品, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 量化分析并综合评估杂交天麻及其亲本的活性成分含量和营养价值。方法 通过超高效液相色谱法、全自动氨基酸分析仪和杜马斯定氮仪等技术手段, 对杂交天麻及其亲本活性成分含量及营养价值展开量化分析与综合评估, 并借助SPSS进行单因素方差分析。结果 杂交天麻在活性成分含量上具有显著优势, 例如杂交天麻WH03的天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇总量高达1.082%, 巴利森苷总量为0.750%, 均显著高于亲本。在营养价值方面, 杂交天麻的氨基酸总量和蛋白质含量同样优于亲本, 其中杂交天麻WH03的氨基酸总量为7.604%, 蛋白质含量达10.12%。结论 本研究建立了基于化学计量学的天麻品质综合评价模式, 揭示了杂交天麻的化学品质改良趋势, 为天麻的品种改良和产业化开发提供了重要的科学依据。

, correspAuthors=赵卉, 冯志伟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*赵卉(1986—), 女, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为检验检测及质量评价研究。E-mail: ;
冯志伟(1983—), 男, 高级农艺师, 主要研究方向为药用植物植物保护。E-mail:
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崔丽丽(1984—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为药用植物资源与质量评价研究。E-mail:

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崔丽丽(1984—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为药用植物资源与质量评价研究。E-mail:

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Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(9): 403-412., articleTitle=Application of Gastrodia elata in functional food in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217833940702904752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=26, issue=3, pageStart=72, pageEnd=78, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=55, authorNames=邓颖颖, 吴伟都, 陈妮, journalName=饮料工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邓颖颖, 吴伟都, 陈妮, 等. 含天麻保健食品配方应用规律研究[J]. 饮料工业, 2023, 26(3): 72-78., articleTitle=含天麻保健食品配方应用规律研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217833940832928186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=26, issue=3, pageStart=72, pageEnd=78, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=56, authorNames=DENG YY, WU WD, CHEN N, journalName=Beverage Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENG YY, WU WD, CHEN N, et al. Study on formula application of Gastrodia rhizoma health food[J]. Beverage Industry, 2023, 26(3): 72-78., articleTitle=Study on formula application of Gastrodia rhizoma health food, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217833930363944965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, awardId=20200202188NC, language=CN, fundingSource=吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200202188NC), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217833920767377778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833920775766387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, companyId=1217833920767377778, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Scienes, Changchun 130112, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833920784154996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, companyId=1217833920767377778, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国农业科学院特产研究所, 长春 130112)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217833920868041083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833920880623997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, companyId=1217833920868041083, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Jilin Shenwang Plant Protection Co., Ltd., Baishan 134500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833920889012606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, companyId=1217833920868041083, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 吉林参王植保科技有限公司, 白山 134500)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217833928455537491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chromatogram of gastrodin and other standard solutions, figureFileSmall=Vb0g1fd5+iJnXd99rPMq/g==, figureFileBig=YkjBjfkhv0HY0ep6HLJQ3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833928552006496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=CN, label=图1, caption=天麻素等标准溶液色谱图, figureFileSmall=Vb0g1fd5+iJnXd99rPMq/g==, figureFileBig=YkjBjfkhv0HY0ep6HLJQ3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833928728167281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comparison of the composition of parishin compounds among different varieties, figureFileSmall=Hssey9q0ejOHHCZtPMOoAg==, figureFileBig=Fh3amwxg82cDX3qt0c3xuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833928849802107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各品种巴利森苷类化合物组成对比, figureFileSmall=Hssey9q0ejOHHCZtPMOoAg==, figureFileBig=Fh3amwxg82cDX3qt0c3xuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833928996602762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Chromatogram of amino acid standard solution, figureFileSmall=qK36xBjhmISjgQyikH/rDg==, figureFileBig=oXWGAExg6i+BVdFrYbWt6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929155986328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=CN, label=图3, caption=氨基酸标准溶液谱图, figureFileSmall=qK36xBjhmISjgQyikH/rDg==, figureFileBig=oXWGAExg6i+BVdFrYbWt6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929286009766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Amino acid composition and essential amino acid ratios in different varieties of Gastrodia elata, figureFileSmall=rkovYxajh9CHCMDOIY31jA==, figureFileBig=ELw9YCTbBKns+rVJIoLXNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929395061680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同天麻品种氨基酸组成与必需氨基酸比例

注: 组间不同字母表示组间具有显著性差异(P<0.05); 必需氨基酸包括: 苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸。

, figureFileSmall=rkovYxajh9CHCMDOIY31jA==, figureFileBig=ELw9YCTbBKns+rVJIoLXNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929516696508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Correlation analysis between protein content and total amount of other components in Gastrodia elata, figureFileSmall=cqCUtAFpr1D7zIUZgwcIcQ==, figureFileBig=yV7LV7AIiIcpx9RNeAyx0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929638331335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=CN, label=图5, caption=天麻蛋白质含量与其他成分总量的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=cqCUtAFpr1D7zIUZgwcIcQ==, figureFileBig=yV7LV7AIiIcpx9RNeAyx0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929768354771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of the total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol among different varieties (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
天麻品种 天麻素/% 对羟基苯甲醇/% 总量/% 中国药典达标情况
WST 0.008±0.001d 0.297±0.007e 0.305±0.008f 达标
WJL 0.010±0.001d 0.482±0.015d 0.491±0.016d 达标
HHZ 0.062±0.004c 0.808±0.049b 0.869±0.053b 远超标准
WH01 0.066±0.004c 0.713±0.033c 0.779±0.035c 远超标准
WH02 0.078±0.001b 0.328±0.019e 0.406±0.022e 达标
WH03 0.113±0.001a 0.970±0.023a 1.082±0.024a 远超标准
), ArticleFig(id=1217833929906766813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各品种天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇总量对比(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
天麻品种 天麻素/% 对羟基苯甲醇/% 总量/% 中国药典达标情况
WST 0.008±0.001d 0.297±0.007e 0.305±0.008f 达标
WJL 0.010±0.001d 0.482±0.015d 0.491±0.016d 达标
HHZ 0.062±0.004c 0.808±0.049b 0.869±0.053b 远超标准
WH01 0.066±0.004c 0.713±0.033c 0.779±0.035c 远超标准
WH02 0.078±0.001b 0.328±0.019e 0.406±0.022e 达标
WH03 0.113±0.001a 0.970±0.023a 1.082±0.024a 远超标准
), ArticleFig(id=1217833930007430124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Amino acid content in different varieties of Gastrodia elata (%, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类 氨基酸含量
WST WJL HHZ WH01 WH02 WH03
天冬氨酸 1.015 0.848 0.504 1.366 0.901 1.438
苏氨酸 0.289 0.197 0.178 0.264 0.299 0.304
丝氨酸 0.450 0.328 0.288 0.459 0.491 0.519
谷氨酸 1.392 0.960 0.855 1.258 1.271 1.431
甘氨酸 0.492 0.346 0.302 0.525 0.526 0.646
丙氨酸 0.427 0.309 0.287 0.430 0.415 0.474
胱氨酸 0.053 0.037 0.042 0.049 0.052 0.059
缬氨酸 0.361 0.268 0.250 0.359 0.403 0.411
蛋氨酸 0.057 0.040 0.035 0.045 0.056 0.051
异亮氨酸 0.238 0.173 0.157 0.227 0.258 0.268
亮氨酸 0.454 0.323 0.278 0.420 0.467 0.500
酪氨酸 0.143 0.048 0.073 0.100 0.178 0.143
苯丙氨酸 0.292 0.212 0.181 0.267 0.294 0.329
赖氨酸 0.339 0.243 0.209 0.326 0.346 0.375
组氨酸 0.081 0.049 0.041 0.071 0.056 0.062
精氨酸 0.135 0.096 0.075 0.124 0.156 0.148
脯氨酸 0.385 0.275 0.216 0.375 0.354 0.445
总量 6.603 4.751 3.971 6.665 6.523 7.604
), ArticleFig(id=1217833930137453558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781127046152960, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同天麻品种中氨基酸含量(%, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类 氨基酸含量
WST WJL HHZ WH01 WH02 WH03
天冬氨酸 1.015 0.848 0.504 1.366 0.901 1.438
苏氨酸 0.289 0.197 0.178 0.264 0.299 0.304
丝氨酸 0.450 0.328 0.288 0.459 0.491 0.519
谷氨酸 1.392 0.960 0.855 1.258 1.271 1.431
甘氨酸 0.492 0.346 0.302 0.525 0.526 0.646
丙氨酸 0.427 0.309 0.287 0.430 0.415 0.474
胱氨酸 0.053 0.037 0.042 0.049 0.052 0.059
缬氨酸 0.361 0.268 0.250 0.359 0.403 0.411
蛋氨酸 0.057 0.040 0.035 0.045 0.056 0.051
异亮氨酸 0.238 0.173 0.157 0.227 0.258 0.268
亮氨酸 0.454 0.323 0.278 0.420 0.467 0.500
酪氨酸 0.143 0.048 0.073 0.100 0.178 0.143
苯丙氨酸 0.292 0.212 0.181 0.267 0.294 0.329
赖氨酸 0.339 0.243 0.209 0.326 0.346 0.375
组氨酸 0.081 0.049 0.041 0.071 0.056 0.062
精氨酸 0.135 0.096 0.075 0.124 0.156 0.148
脯氨酸 0.385 0.275 0.216 0.375 0.354 0.445
总量 6.603 4.751 3.971 6.665 6.523 7.604
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杂交天麻与亲本活性成分的量化分析及营养价值综合评价
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崔丽丽 1 , 郭鸿莹 1 , 赵卉 1, * , 宋超 1 , 任雨贺 1 , 沈畅 1 , 冯志伟 2, * , 王继阳 2 , 苏丽敏 2
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025,16(12): 287-293
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025, 16(12): 287-293
杂交天麻与亲本活性成分的量化分析及营养价值综合评价
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崔丽丽1 , 郭鸿莹1, 赵卉1, * , 宋超1, 任雨贺1, 沈畅1, 冯志伟2, * , 王继阳2, 苏丽敏2
作者信息
  • 1 中国农业科学院特产研究所, 长春 130112
  • 2 吉林参王植保科技有限公司, 白山 134500
  • 崔丽丽(1984—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为药用植物资源与质量评价研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*赵卉(1986—), 女, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为检验检测及质量评价研究。E-mail: ;
冯志伟(1983—), 男, 高级农艺师, 主要研究方向为药用植物植物保护。E-mail:
Quantitative analysis of active components and comprehensive evaluation of nutritional value between hybrid Gastrodia elata and its parent varieties
Li-Li CUI1 , Hong-Ying GUO1, Hui ZHAO1, * , Chao SONG1, Yu-He REN1, Chang SHEN1, Zhi-Wei FENG2, * , Ji-Yang WANG2, Li-Min SU2
Affiliations
  • 1 Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Scienes, Changchun 130112, China
  • 2 Jilin Shenwang Plant Protection Co., Ltd., Baishan 134500, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250301001
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目的 量化分析并综合评估杂交天麻及其亲本的活性成分含量和营养价值。方法 通过超高效液相色谱法、全自动氨基酸分析仪和杜马斯定氮仪等技术手段, 对杂交天麻及其亲本活性成分含量及营养价值展开量化分析与综合评估, 并借助SPSS进行单因素方差分析。结果 杂交天麻在活性成分含量上具有显著优势, 例如杂交天麻WH03的天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇总量高达1.082%, 巴利森苷总量为0.750%, 均显著高于亲本。在营养价值方面, 杂交天麻的氨基酸总量和蛋白质含量同样优于亲本, 其中杂交天麻WH03的氨基酸总量为7.604%, 蛋白质含量达10.12%。结论 本研究建立了基于化学计量学的天麻品质综合评价模式, 揭示了杂交天麻的化学品质改良趋势, 为天麻的品种改良和产业化开发提供了重要的科学依据。

杂交天麻  /  亲本  /  活性成分  /  量化分析  /  营养价值  /  综合评价

Objective To quantitatively analysis and comprehensively evaluate the active component content and nutritional value of hybrid Gastrodia elata and its parent varieties. Methods A combination of ultra performance liquid chromatography, automatic amino acid analyzer and Dumas nitrogen analyzer was employed to conduct a quantitative analysis and comprehensive evaluation of their active component contents and nutritional values. One-way analysis of variance was performed using SPSS. Results The hybrid Gastrodia elata exhibited significant advantages in active component content. For instance, the total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in WH03 reached 1.082%, with a parishin content of 0.750%, both significantly higher than those of the parent varieties. In terms of nutritional value, the total amino acid content and protein content of hybrid Gastrodia elata were also superior to those of the parent plants. Specifically, the hybrid Gastrodia elata WH03 exhibited a total amino acid content of 7.604% and a protein content of 10.12%. Conclusion This study establishes a chemometrics-based comprehensive evaluation model for Gastrodia elata quality, revealing the chemical quality improvement patterns of hybrid strains, and provides critical scientific evidence for the genetic improvement and industrial development of Gastrodia elata.

hybrid Gastrodia elata  /  parent varieties  /  active components  /  quantitative analysis  /  nutritional value  /  comprehensive evaluation
崔丽丽, 郭鸿莹, 赵卉, 宋超, 任雨贺, 沈畅, 冯志伟, 王继阳, 苏丽敏. 杂交天麻与亲本活性成分的量化分析及营养价值综合评价. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (12) : 287 -293 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250301001
Li-Li CUI, Hong-Ying GUO, Hui ZHAO, Chao SONG, Yu-He REN, Chang SHEN, Zhi-Wei FENG, Ji-Yang WANG, Li-Min SU. Quantitative analysis of active components and comprehensive evaluation of nutritional value between hybrid Gastrodia elata and its parent varieties[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (12) : 287 -293 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250301001
天麻(Gastrodia elata)作为一种传统的药食同源植物, 在医药和食品行业均占据着举足轻重的地位。在医药领域, 天麻所含的天麻素、巴利森苷等活性成分[1-2], 凭借其显著的药用功效, 被广泛应用于治疗头痛、眩晕、失眠等症状[3-6], 且在抗疲劳、预防和治疗慢性疾病方面展现出潜在价值[7], 成为中药方剂和现代神经类药物研发的重要原料。而在食品行业, 天麻因其独特风味和滋补功效备受青睐, 不仅可以直接烹饪食用, 还能加工成天麻口服液、天麻酒等多样化的保健食品[8-9], 满足了人们对健康养生食品的需求。
然而, 不同品种天麻在活性成分含量、口感以及营养成分等方面存在显著差异[10-12], 这给相关产业带来了诸多挑战。这种差异不仅导致产品品质参差不齐, 难以形成稳定的标准和品牌效应, 还增加了采购和质量控制的难度, 严重制约了产业的规模化、标准化发展[13-15]。杂交育种作为一种有效的解决方案, 能够通过整合不同品种的优良性状, 优化活性成分合成路径, 从而培育出活性成分含量更高、品质更优的新品种[16-17]。这不仅有助于提高药品的药效, 还能提升食品的营养价值和品质稳定性, 增强市场竞争力, 对推动天麻产业的可持续发展具有重大意义。
基于此, 本研究旨在系统地比较杂交天麻与传统品种天麻在化学成分及营养价值方面的差异, 深入分析杂交天麻在活性成分、氨基酸和蛋白质含量等方面的优势, 以验证杂交育种提升天麻品质的效果, 为天麻的品种改良和产业化开发提供坚实的科学依据。
亲本乌天麻(Gastrodia elata f. elata)分别采自云南邵通小草坝(编号WST)、长白山境内(编号WJL), 红天麻(Gastrodia elata f. glauca)采自陕西丹凤县(编号HHZ), 通过这些亲本杂交获得的杂交种WH01、WH02和WH03被用于本研究。
天麻素(生产批号: M11GB148059, 纯度98%)、对羟基苯甲醇(生产批号: R09D8X50333, 纯度98%)、巴利森苷A、B、C、E(生产批号分别是M09HB177711、F18IB207357、S01GB159666、M20HB178561, 纯度98%)、香草醇(生产批号: I31D6H8442, 纯度98%)、18种氨基酸标准物质(纯度98%, 上海源叶生物有限公司); 甲醇、盐酸(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 乙腈(色谱纯, 美国Sigma公司)。
ACQUITY UPLC H-Class超高效液相色谱仪、Waters BEH C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)(美国沃特世公司); L-8900全自动氨基酸分析仪(日本日立公司); N-PRO杜马斯定氮仪(德国格哈特公司); SW-4微波消解仪(德国Berghof公司); Milli-Q Advantage A10超纯水器(美国Millipore公司); MS204S电子分析天平(精度0.1 mg, 瑞士MettlerToledo公司); FW100高速万能粉碎机(天津泰斯特仪器设备有限公司); JP-100ST超声清洗机(广州市洁盟超声波清洗设备有限公司); TGL-16M高速离心机(湖南湘仪离心机有限公司)。
结合文献方法与国家药典方法[18-20], 采用超高效液相色谱法测定天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、巴利森苷A、B、C、E和香草醇的含量。色谱条件为: 色谱柱为Waters BEH C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), 柱温40 ℃, 流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%磷酸水溶液(B), 线性梯度洗脱: 0~1.50 min, 3% A; 1.50~2.35 min, 3%~10% A; 2.35~3.75 min, 10%~12% A; 3.75~5.39 min, 12%~15% A; 5.39~6.89 min, 15% A; 6.89~8.39 min, 15%~25% A; 8.39~8.62 min, 25%~95% A。流速为0.3 mL/min; 检测波长220 nm。
样品液制备: 称取天麻粉末(过60目筛)2.0 g(精确到0.0001 g), 置于具塞锥形瓶中, 加入甲醇50 mL, 称定质量, 超声提取(100 W, 50 Hz) 2 h, 提取液常温放置过夜, 超声2 h, 再称定重量, 用甲醇补足减失的质量, 摇匀, 滤过, 量取续滤液2 mL于10 mL容量瓶中用纯水定容, 从中取0.8 mL溶液用25%甲醇定容至10 mL容量瓶, 摇匀, 用微孔滤膜(0.22 μm)滤过得待测液, 上机测定。每个样品3个平行。
利用全自动氨基酸分析仪测定18种氨基酸含量, 色谱柱规格4.6 mm×60 mm, 填充物为阳离子树脂; 进样量20 μL; 泵1、泵2流速0.1 mL/min; 检测波长分别是570 nm和440 nm。
样品液制备: 精确称取样品100 mg (100目)于水解管中, 加入20 mL 6 mol/L盐酸, 110 ℃烘箱中水解22 h, 取出冷却至室温。取上清液800 μL至烧杯中, 于60~70 ℃电热板上干燥, 加入2 mL 0.02 mol/L盐酸复溶, 涡旋混匀, 过0.22 μm水系滤膜, 上机测试。每个样品3个平行。
参考GB 5009.5—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》第三法 燃烧法利用杜马斯定氮仪检测蛋白质含量。称取试样0.05 g(精确到0.0001 g), 用无氮锡箔纸包裹后用压片机压片待测。主要仪器条件: 燃烧温度980 ℃、还原温度650 ℃、氧气流量200 mL/min、氧气因子1.2 mL/mg。
运用SPSS 16.0软件进行单因素方差分析(analysis of variance, ANOVA), 并将显著性水平设定为P<0.05。使用Excel (2013版)电子表格制表作图。
依据《中华人民共和国药典》(2020版)规定, 天麻质量评价以天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇的总量为核心指标, 法定标准不得低于0.25%(干燥品)。本研究供试7种酚类成分分离效果良好(图1), 6个供试品种的检测结果均显著高于药典阈值(表1), 其中3个杂交子代的天麻素含量(0.066%~0.113%)显著高于乌麻亲本WST和WJL, 较红麻亲本HHZ提升1.06~1.82倍。通过遗传相关性分析发现, 杂交群体天麻素含量与红麻亲本呈显著正相关(R²=0.78), 表明杂交子代可能通过基因重组富集了红麻高天麻素合成相关等位基因, 促使苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, PAL)、酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase, TH)等关键酶活性增强, 从而优化酚类成分合成通路。
从药食同源物质基础分析, 天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇作为酚类活性成分, 不仅是药典规定的药效标志物, 其抗氧化、神经保护等生物活性亦为功能性食品开发提供了科学依据。以杂交品种WH03为例, 其天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇总量达1.082%, 较亲本(均值0.528%)提升105%, 这种高活性成分特征使其在中枢神经调节功能食品(如天麻肽饮料、睡眠改善型膳食补充剂)开发中具有显著优势。
巴利森苷类化合物的含量分布模式存在显著差异(图2)。HPLC定量分析表明, 红麻亲本(HHZ)的总巴利森苷含量(0.365%±0.015%)高于乌麻亲本, 其中云南乌麻(WST)表现出巴利森苷E的特异性积累(0.026%±0.007%), 而长白山乌麻(WJL)则以巴利森苷C的高含量(0.063%±0.001%)为特征, 揭示乌麻种质资源具有巴利森苷异构体组成多样性的代谢特性[21]。杂交子代中, WH03品系的巴利森苷总量为0.750%, 在巴利森苷B (0.174%±0.005%)、C (0.082%±0.002%)和E (0.235%±0.001%) 3个组分均表现出显著超亲优势, 形成多组分协同积累模式, 推测其代谢机制可能与杂交诱导的苯丙烷代谢途径中PAL和肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase, C4H)关键酶基因表达上调有关[22]。值得注意的是, WH01品系的总巴利森苷含量(0.288%±0.002%)呈现亲本间显性遗传特征, 但其巴利森苷E含量(0.036%±0.001%)高于亲本WST和HHZ, 该特异性积累现象可能与亲本杂合位点重组导致的代谢通路分支调控有关。然而, WH02品系的各组分含量(总含量0.110%±0.001%)均低于双亲, 提示该杂交组合存在代谢负向杂种优势, 需通过亲本筛选或杂交组合优化以改善次生代谢产物积累效率。
基于药食两用物质基础的分析, 巴利森苷类化合物的多样性不仅为药用多靶点治疗提供物质基础, 其抗氧化、抗炎等生物活性也成为功能性食品开发的重要依据。例如, WH03的高巴利森苷特征, 使其在抗氧化型保健食品(如天麻膳食纤维饮品、巴利森苷强化营养片)研发中具有显著优势; 而WH01的巴利森苷E特异性积累, 可能通过调节肠道菌群代谢通路(如促进短链脂肪酸合成), 为开发肠道健康功能食品提供新方向。
分析结果显示(表2), 亲本中云南乌麻(WST)氨基酸总量最高(6.603%±0.002%), 显著高于长白山乌麻(WJL) (4.751%±0.015%)与陕西红麻(HHZ) (3.971%±0.022%)。杂交品系WH01、WH02、WH03的氨基酸总量分别为6.665%±0.013%、6.523%±0.021%、7.604%±0.006%, 均超越亲本最高值, 表明杂交育种对天麻营养品质具有定向强化作用。
必需氨基酸是人体无法自行合成, 必须通过食物摄取的氨基酸, 而谷氨酸和天冬氨酸虽然是非必需氨基酸, 但在神经递质合成和能量代谢中起重要作用[21-22], 其总量是衡量天麻营养价值和药用价值的重要指标。从天麻中检测出17种氨基酸(图3), 包括7种必需氨基酸(苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸和异亮氨酸)、9种非必需氨基酸(天门冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸)和一个其他游离胱氨酸。不同天麻品种氨基酸组成(图4)分析显示杂交品系通过亲本基因重组实现了必需氨基酸如赖氨酸、亮氨酸与非必需氨基酸如谷氨酸、脯氨酸的同步优化, 表明杂种优势可能源于苯丙烷代谢与氨基酸合成通路的协同调控[17]
天麻中氨基酸积累与次生代谢产物合成存在显著相关性。含量高的氨基酸, 特别是必需氨基酸, 不仅提升了天麻的营养价值, 还可能为活性成分的合成提供物质基础。谷氨酸和天冬氨酸作为氮代谢枢纽, 通过提供氨基供体参与天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇的生物合成, 其含量升高与活性成分总量呈正相关。氨基酸与天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇等活性成分在神经系统方面的作用相互补充。上述代谢网络的协同作用解释了杂交天麻在氨基酸与活性成分(如巴利森苷类、天麻素)同步提升的现象, 提示遗传重组可优化代谢流分配以实现多靶点品质改良。
蛋白质作为生命活动的主要承担者, 其含量的提升对天麻的生长发育、品质和营养价值有着重要意义。陕西红麻(HHZ)、云南乌麻(WST)、长白山乌麻(WJL)的蛋白质含量分别为6.07%、8.24%和7.44%, 而杂交品系WH01、WH02和WH03的蛋白质含量高于亲本, 分别为9.60%、9.41%、10.12%, 其中WH03蛋白质含量较亲本提高22%~36%。从散点图(图5)上也可以看出, 蛋白质的含量变化与品种之间有较强的相关性(r2=0.8405)。但氨基酸和活性成分的线性回归r2值较小, 只能解释品种间的12.98%~25.96%, 而剩余的近74%~87%的变异无法用品种差异来解释, 可能是其他的引种栽培、环境因素[23-24]导致的显著性差异。
较高的蛋白质含量为天麻活性成分的合成提供更多的酶类等生物催化剂, 促进天麻素、巴利森苷类等成分的合成。同时, 蛋白质中的氨基酸组成与前面提到的游离氨基酸相互关联, 共同影响天麻的营养价值和药用价值。例如, 蛋白质中的必需氨基酸组成可能影响天麻在人体营养补充方面的效果, 而蛋白质与活性成分之间的协同作用, 可能进一步增强天麻在抗氧化、神经保护等方面的功效。
现有研究表明杂交育种是生产上大幅度提高天麻产量和品质十分重要的途径[25]。本研究通过量化分析杂交天麻(WH01、WH02、WH03)与亲本的活性成分及营养价值, 构建了多指标综合评价体系。结果表明, 杂交天麻在酚类成分(天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、巴利森苷类)、氨基酸总量及蛋白质含量等关键指标上展现显著优势, 其中WH03的超亲优势尤为突出, 其活性成分总量较亲本均值提升105%, 蛋白质含量提高22%~36%, 为高附加值药物及功能性食品开发提供了优质原料。WH01的成分均衡性与WH02的高蛋氨酸特性, 则分别为传统中药复方和代谢调节功能食品提供了差异化应用方向。
本研究突破单一成分评价局限, 首次系统揭示杂交天麻在药食同源属性上的双重优势: 在药用层面, WH03的天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇协同积累, 其总量(1.082%)远超药典标准, 结合巴利森苷类成分的多靶点作用, 为神经保护药物开发提供了新的物质基础; 在营养层面, 杂交天麻必需氨基酸占比30.0%以上, 符合联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织优质蛋白源标准[26], 且谷氨酸等功能性氨基酸的富集, 为改善神经系统功能的保健食品研发提供了理论支撑[27-30]。这种“药效-营养”双提升的特性, 通过杂交育种得以实现, 验证了遗传改良对天麻产业升级的关键作用。
尽管本研究建立了较为完整的化学质量评价体系, 但仍存在可拓展空间。例如, 当前仅纳入3个杂交品种及3个亲本, 后续研究扩大样本范围, 结合地理信息系统分析环境因子对成分积累的影响, 构建“基因型-表型-环境”关联模型。
  • 吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200202188NC)
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2025年第16卷第12期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250301001
  • 接收时间:2025-03-01
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-01
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吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200202188NC)
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    1 中国农业科学院特产研究所, 长春 130112
    2 吉林参王植保科技有限公司, 白山 134500

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*赵卉(1986—), 女, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为检验检测及质量评价研究。E-mail: ;
冯志伟(1983—), 男, 高级农艺师, 主要研究方向为药用植物植物保护。E-mail:
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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