Article(id=1217781123229336193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250220001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739980800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768271245057, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768271245057, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768271245057, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768271245057, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217779717386715826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768270909877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768299620707, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=303, endPage=310, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217781123569074820, articleId=1217781123229336193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Analysis of amino acid composition and evaluation of nutritional value of Coix lacryma-jobi in Fujian Province, columnId=1151923894560060071, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Nutrition and Functional Foods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To find out the characteristics of amino acid composition and the differences of nutritional value of Coix lacryma-jobi in Fujian Province. Methods Taking Coix lacryma-jobi from Nanping, Putian, Sanming, Liaoyang, Guizhou and Yunnan as experimental materials, the amino acid content of Coix lacryma-jobi was determined by acid hydrolysis method and automatic amino acid analyzer. Based on the protein model recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) and the egg protein standard model, score of ratio coefficients of amino acids (SRC) of Coix lacryma-jobi was calculated and compared. At the same time, the changes of amino acids in Coix lacryma-jobi in different areas before and after storage for 10 months were studied, and the mechanism of amino acid changes in Coix lacryma-jobi during storage was discussed. Results There were 17 kinds of protein amino acids in Coix lacryma-jobi in 6 areas, with the total amino acids of 7.34-17.97 g/100 g. The amino acid content of Coix lacryma-jobi in Liaoyang area was the highest, followed by Putian area Coix lacryma-jobi, while Sanming area Coix lacryma-jobi exhibited the lowest levels. After 10 months of storage, the total amino acid content of Nanping area Coix lacryma-jobi remained relatively stable. In contrast, Coix lacryma-jobi from other regions showed varying degrees of decline in total amino acids. Notably, Sanming area Coix lacryma-jobi demonstrated a significant increase in the total amino acid content from 7.34 g/100 g to 11.17 g/100 g, representing a 52.2% rise. The total essential amino acids (TEAA) in Coix lacryma-jobi ranged from 1087 to 2389 mg/g N. The essential to total amino acid ratio (E/T, 33.82%-39.29%) and essential to non-essential amino acid ratio (E/N, 51.09%-64.71%) indicated that Liaoyang area Coix lacryma-jobi had the highest TEAA, whereas Sanming area Coix lacryma-jobi had the lowest, with both falling below the egg protein reference pattern. However, Putian and Liaoyang area Coix lacryma-jobi surpassed the FAO/WHO reference standards in terms of TEAA, E/T and E/N ratios. The SRC of Coix lacryma-jobi was 39.71-48.30 from 6 origins, and the highest score was Coix lacryma-jobi in Nanping area and the lowest was Coix lacryma-jobi in Liaoyang area. Lysine was the first restrictive amino acid, followed by methionine and cystine. Conclusion Coix lacryma-jobi contains a complete range of amino acids, giving it significant development and utilization potential. This can serve as a basis for evaluating the quality of Fujian Coix lacryma-jobi.

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目的 探明福建薏米氨基酸组成特征及营养价值差异。方法 以福建南平、福建莆田、福建三明、辽阳、贵州和云南地区薏米为试验材料, 采用酸水解法, 使用氨基酸自动分析仪测定薏米氨基酸含量。以联合国粮食及农业组织和世界卫生组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization, FAO/WHO)推荐的蛋白模式和鸡蛋蛋白标准模式为参照, 计算并比较薏米的氨基酸比值系数分(score of ratio coefficients of amino acids, SRC)。同时研究贮藏10个月前后不同地区薏米氨基酸变化, 探讨贮藏期间薏米氨基酸变化机制。结果 6个地区薏米均检测出17种氨基酸, 其氨基酸总量为7.34~17.97 g/100 g。辽阳地区薏米的氨基酸含量最高, 其次是莆田地区, 三明地区薏米含量最低。贮藏10个月薏米氨基酸变化结果为南平地区薏米氨基酸总量基本保持稳定, 其他地区薏米氨基酸总量则呈现不同程度的下降趋势, 而三明地区薏米氨基酸总量从7.34 g/100 g显著增加至11.17 g/100 g, 增幅达52.2%。薏米中必需氨基酸总量(total essential amino acids, TEAA)为1087~2389 mg/g N, 必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值(essential to total amino acid ratio, E/T)、必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(essential to non-essential amino acid ratio, E/N)分别为33.82%~39.29%、51.09%~64.71%, 辽阳地区薏米TEAA最高, 三明地区薏米TEAA最低, 均低于鸡蛋蛋白模式。莆田和辽阳地区薏米TEAA、E/T、E/N均高于FAO/WHO标准模式。6个地区薏米SRC为39.71~48.30, 评分最高的为南平地区薏米, 最低的为辽阳地区薏米。赖氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸, 其次是甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸。结论 薏米的氨基酸种类齐全, 具有较大的开发利用价值, 可对福建薏米的质量评价提供依据。

, correspAuthors=谢婷婷, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*谢婷婷(1988—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为粮油饲料卫生安全检测。E-mail:
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Food Science and Technology, 2021, 46(1): 172-177., articleTitle=Comprehensive evaluation of protein nutrition in three kinds of legume seeds in China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217833931915837480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, awardId=闽质监[2018]263号, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省地方标准制订项目(闽质监[2018]263号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217833924642914881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833924651303491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, companyId=1217833924642914881, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Institute of Grain and Oil Quality Supervision and Test of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833924659692100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, companyId=1217833924642914881, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 福建省粮油质量监测所, 福州 350012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217833924743578191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833924747772496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, companyId=1217833924743578191, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Fujian Xianyou Jinsha Food Co., Ltd., Putian 351100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833924756161106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, companyId=1217833924743578191, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 福建省仙游县金沙食品有限公司, 莆田 351100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217833929185346460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Changes of amino acid content of Coix lacryma-jobi before and after storage, figureFileSmall=iVW+v+aduGh/P50G/l0MNw==, figureFileBig=DtEA0pTgg2jpI1d4HQa7eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929302786985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, language=CN, label=图1, caption=薏米贮藏前后氨基酸含量变化, figureFileSmall=iVW+v+aduGh/P50G/l0MNw==, figureFileBig=DtEA0pTgg2jpI1d4HQa7eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929428616115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Varieties of Coix lacryma-jobi in different regions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薏米 品种 生长方式 糯或非糯
莆田薏米 仙薏1号 改良品种 非糯
南平薏米 蒲薏6号 自然生长 非糯
三明薏米 翠薏1号 自然生长
), ArticleFig(id=1217833929533473727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同地区薏米的品种

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薏米 品种 生长方式 糯或非糯
莆田薏米 仙薏1号 改良品种 非糯
南平薏米 蒲薏6号 自然生长 非糯
三明薏米 翠薏1号 自然生长
), ArticleFig(id=1217833929638331337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Amino acid content of Coix lacryma-jobi from different origins (n=3, g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 莆田 南平 三明 辽阳 云南 贵州
天冬氨酸 0.85±0.02b 0.75±0.03c 0.46±0.03d 0.95±0.03a 0.75±0.02c 0.74±0.02c
苏氨酸* 0.35±0.01b 0.34±0.02bc 0.21±0.02d 0.40±0.01a 0.33±0.01c 0.35±0.01b
丝氨酸 0.58±0.02b 0.55±0.02 c 0.34±0.01d 0.66±0.02a 0.54±0.01c 0.52±0.02c
谷氨酸 3.09±0.06b 2.64±0.09c 1.78±0.06d 3.36±0.09a 2.63±0.05c 2.64±0.08c
甘氨酸 0.28±0.01b 0.30±0.02b 0.16±0.05c 0.32±0.01a 0.30±0.01b 0.30±0.01b
丙氨酸 1.38±0.03b 1.21±0.04c 0.83±0.07e 1.52±0.04a 1.18±0.02cd 1.14±0.03d
胱氨酸 0.03±0.00a 0.02±0.00 b 0.02±0.00b 0.03±0.00a 0.03±0.00a 0.03±0.00a
缬氨酸* 0.72±0.01a 0.57±0.02c 0.38±0.04d 0.79±0.00a 0.64±0.01b 0.63±0.02b
甲硫氨酸* 0.25±0.00c 0.22±0.01d 0.15±0.01e 0.28±0.01ab 0.29±0.01a 0.27±0.01b
异亮氨酸* 0.55±0.01a 0.41±0.02c 0.27±0.05d 0.59±0.00a 0.46±0.01b 0.45±0.01b
亮氨酸* 2.23±0.04 a 1.46±0.07c 1.00±0.09d 2.36±0.08a 1.82±0.03b 1.80±0.05b
酪氨酸 0.37±0.00b 0.23±0.05c 0.13±0.03d 0.50±0.02a 0.35±0.01b 0.32±0.01b
苯丙氨酸* 0.82±0.01a 0.47±0.05c 0.35±0.07d 0.87±0.02a 0.70±0.01b 0.70±0.02b
赖氨酸* 0.26±0.00b 0.19±0.03c 0.11±0.02d 0.30±0.01a 0.29±0.01a 0.29±0.01a
组氨酸 0.40±0.00b 0.21±0.03c 0.16±0.04d 0.43±0.01a 0.40±0.01b 0.40±0.01b
精氨酸 0.45±0.01c 0.52±0.03ab 0.24±0.05d 0.55±0.02a 0.49±0.02bc 0.47±0.01c
脯氨酸 3.68±0.04b 1.06±0.05d 0.75±0.03e 4.06±0.13a 3.32±0.06c 3.24±0.08c
), ArticleFig(id=1217833929764160464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同产地薏米氨基酸含量(n=3, g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 莆田 南平 三明 辽阳 云南 贵州
天冬氨酸 0.85±0.02b 0.75±0.03c 0.46±0.03d 0.95±0.03a 0.75±0.02c 0.74±0.02c
苏氨酸* 0.35±0.01b 0.34±0.02bc 0.21±0.02d 0.40±0.01a 0.33±0.01c 0.35±0.01b
丝氨酸 0.58±0.02b 0.55±0.02 c 0.34±0.01d 0.66±0.02a 0.54±0.01c 0.52±0.02c
谷氨酸 3.09±0.06b 2.64±0.09c 1.78±0.06d 3.36±0.09a 2.63±0.05c 2.64±0.08c
甘氨酸 0.28±0.01b 0.30±0.02b 0.16±0.05c 0.32±0.01a 0.30±0.01b 0.30±0.01b
丙氨酸 1.38±0.03b 1.21±0.04c 0.83±0.07e 1.52±0.04a 1.18±0.02cd 1.14±0.03d
胱氨酸 0.03±0.00a 0.02±0.00 b 0.02±0.00b 0.03±0.00a 0.03±0.00a 0.03±0.00a
缬氨酸* 0.72±0.01a 0.57±0.02c 0.38±0.04d 0.79±0.00a 0.64±0.01b 0.63±0.02b
甲硫氨酸* 0.25±0.00c 0.22±0.01d 0.15±0.01e 0.28±0.01ab 0.29±0.01a 0.27±0.01b
异亮氨酸* 0.55±0.01a 0.41±0.02c 0.27±0.05d 0.59±0.00a 0.46±0.01b 0.45±0.01b
亮氨酸* 2.23±0.04 a 1.46±0.07c 1.00±0.09d 2.36±0.08a 1.82±0.03b 1.80±0.05b
酪氨酸 0.37±0.00b 0.23±0.05c 0.13±0.03d 0.50±0.02a 0.35±0.01b 0.32±0.01b
苯丙氨酸* 0.82±0.01a 0.47±0.05c 0.35±0.07d 0.87±0.02a 0.70±0.01b 0.70±0.02b
赖氨酸* 0.26±0.00b 0.19±0.03c 0.11±0.02d 0.30±0.01a 0.29±0.01a 0.29±0.01a
组氨酸 0.40±0.00b 0.21±0.03c 0.16±0.04d 0.43±0.01a 0.40±0.01b 0.40±0.01b
精氨酸 0.45±0.01c 0.52±0.03ab 0.24±0.05d 0.55±0.02a 0.49±0.02bc 0.47±0.01c
脯氨酸 3.68±0.04b 1.06±0.05d 0.75±0.03e 4.06±0.13a 3.32±0.06c 3.24±0.08c
), ArticleFig(id=1217833929906766814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Taste amino acid content in Coix lacryma-jobi from different origins (n=3, g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 莆田 南平 三明 辽阳 云南 贵州
总量 16.27±0.28b 11.15±0.56d 7.34±0.16e 17.97±0.26a 14.52±0.27c 14.29±0.39c
EAA 5.22±0.08b 3.52±0.23d 2.43±0.10e 5.62±0.15a 4.61±0.08c 4.54±0.12c
EAA占比% 32.1 31.6 33.0 31.2 31.7 31.8
NEAA 11.05±0.19d 7.63±0.34c 4.92±0.11e 12.36±0.11a 9.91±0.19b 9.75±0.27b
NEAA占比% 47.3 46.2 49.4 45.5 46.5 46.6
鲜味氨基酸 3.93±0.08b 3.39±0.13c 2.23±0.06d 4.30±0.12a 3.38±0.07c 3.39±0.10c
甜味氨基酸 5.69±0.08b 2.92±0.12d 1.94±0.09e 6.31±0.07a 5.12±0.09c 5.03±0.13c
苦味氨基酸 4.96±0.08b 3.34±0.20d 2.32±0.08e 5.32±0.14a 4.32±0.07c 4.25±0.11c
), ArticleFig(id=1217833930003235820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同产地薏米呈味氨基酸含量(n=3, g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 莆田 南平 三明 辽阳 云南 贵州
总量 16.27±0.28b 11.15±0.56d 7.34±0.16e 17.97±0.26a 14.52±0.27c 14.29±0.39c
EAA 5.22±0.08b 3.52±0.23d 2.43±0.10e 5.62±0.15a 4.61±0.08c 4.54±0.12c
EAA占比% 32.1 31.6 33.0 31.2 31.7 31.8
NEAA 11.05±0.19d 7.63±0.34c 4.92±0.11e 12.36±0.11a 9.91±0.19b 9.75±0.27b
NEAA占比% 47.3 46.2 49.4 45.5 46.5 46.6
鲜味氨基酸 3.93±0.08b 3.39±0.13c 2.23±0.06d 4.30±0.12a 3.38±0.07c 3.39±0.10c
甜味氨基酸 5.69±0.08b 2.92±0.12d 1.94±0.09e 6.31±0.07a 5.12±0.09c 5.03±0.13c
苦味氨基酸 4.96±0.08b 3.34±0.20d 2.32±0.08e 5.32±0.14a 4.32±0.07c 4.25±0.11c
), ArticleFig(id=1217833930095510517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of TEAA and egg protein standard patterns, FAO/WHO standard patterns in Coix lacryma-jobi from different regions (mg/g N)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 莆田 南平 三明 辽阳 云南 贵州 鸡蛋蛋白标准
模式
FAO/WHO标准
模式
异亮氨酸 215 168 119 230 181 178 331 250
亮氨酸 873 598 431 921 717 712 534 440
赖氨酸 112 78 37 117 114 115 441 340
甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸 120 98 69 121 126 119 386 220
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 511 287 170 535 414 404 565 380
苏氨酸 150 139 96 156 130 139 292 250
缬氨酸 309 233 165 308 252 249 411 310
氨基酸总量 58.31 45.67 31.27 61.34 57.18 56.56 / /
蛋白质/(g/100 g) 17.44 15.26 13.63 18.31 15.87 15.79 / /
TEAA(mg/g N) 2291 1601 1087 2389 1934 1916 2960 2190
E/T (%) 39.29 35.07 34.75 38.95 33.82 33.87 49.80 36.35
E/N (%) 64.71 54.01 53.26 63.80 51.09 51.22 99.22 57.11
), ArticleFig(id=1217833930212951037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同地区薏米中TEAA与鸡蛋蛋白标准模式、FAO/WHO标准模式的比较(mg/g N)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 莆田 南平 三明 辽阳 云南 贵州 鸡蛋蛋白标准
模式
FAO/WHO标准
模式
异亮氨酸 215 168 119 230 181 178 331 250
亮氨酸 873 598 431 921 717 712 534 440
赖氨酸 112 78 37 117 114 115 441 340
甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸 120 98 69 121 126 119 386 220
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 511 287 170 535 414 404 565 380
苏氨酸 150 139 96 156 130 139 292 250
缬氨酸 309 233 165 308 252 249 411 310
氨基酸总量 58.31 45.67 31.27 61.34 57.18 56.56 / /
蛋白质/(g/100 g) 17.44 15.26 13.63 18.31 15.87 15.79 / /
TEAA(mg/g N) 2291 1601 1087 2389 1934 1916 2960 2190
E/T (%) 39.29 35.07 34.75 38.95 33.82 33.87 49.80 36.35
E/N (%) 64.71 54.01 53.26 63.80 51.09 51.22 99.22 57.11
), ArticleFig(id=1217833930397499403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Nutritional scores of EAA in Coix lacryma-jobi from different origins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产地 RC/RCAA FAO/WHO
异亮氨酸 亮氨酸 赖氨酸 甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸 苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 苏氨酸 缬氨酸 SRC
莆田 RC 0.86 1.98 0.33 0.55 1.35 0.60 1.00 40.97
RCAA 0.90 2.08 0.35 0.58 1.42 0.63 1.05
南平 RC 0.67 1.36 0.23 0.45 0.75 0.56 0.75 48.30
RCAA 0.99 1.99 0.34 0.66 1.11 0.82 1.10
三明 RC 0.48 0.98 0.11 0.31 0.45 0.39 0.53 42.39
RCAA 1.03 2.12 0.23 0.68 0.96 0.83 1.15
辽阳 RC 0.92 2.09 0.34 0.55 1.41 0.62 0.99 39.71
RCAA 0.93 2.11 0.35 0.56 1.42 0.63 1.00
云南 RC 0.72 1.63 0.34 0.57 1.09 0.52 0.81 46.77
RCAA 0.89 2.01 0.41 0.71 1.34 0.64 1.00
贵州 RC 0.71 1.62 0.34 0.54 1.06 0.55 0.80 47.02
RCAA 0.89 2.01 0.42 0.67 1.32 0.69 1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1217833931689345039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781123229336193, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同地区薏米中EAA营养价值评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产地 RC/RCAA FAO/WHO
异亮氨酸 亮氨酸 赖氨酸 甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸 苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 苏氨酸 缬氨酸 SRC
莆田 RC 0.86 1.98 0.33 0.55 1.35 0.60 1.00 40.97
RCAA 0.90 2.08 0.35 0.58 1.42 0.63 1.05
南平 RC 0.67 1.36 0.23 0.45 0.75 0.56 0.75 48.30
RCAA 0.99 1.99 0.34 0.66 1.11 0.82 1.10
三明 RC 0.48 0.98 0.11 0.31 0.45 0.39 0.53 42.39
RCAA 1.03 2.12 0.23 0.68 0.96 0.83 1.15
辽阳 RC 0.92 2.09 0.34 0.55 1.41 0.62 0.99 39.71
RCAA 0.93 2.11 0.35 0.56 1.42 0.63 1.00
云南 RC 0.72 1.63 0.34 0.57 1.09 0.52 0.81 46.77
RCAA 0.89 2.01 0.41 0.71 1.34 0.64 1.00
贵州 RC 0.71 1.62 0.34 0.54 1.06 0.55 0.80 47.02
RCAA 0.89 2.01 0.42 0.67 1.32 0.69 1.00
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福建薏米氨基酸组成分析及营养价值评价
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谢婷婷 1, * , 林滉 1 , 杜子默 1 , 杨海清 2
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025,16(12): 303-310
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025, 16(12): 303-310
福建薏米氨基酸组成分析及营养价值评价
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谢婷婷1, * , 林滉1, 杜子默1, 杨海清2
作者信息
  • 1 福建省粮油质量监测所, 福州 350012
  • 2 福建省仙游县金沙食品有限公司, 莆田 351100

通讯作者:

*谢婷婷(1988—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为粮油饲料卫生安全检测。E-mail:
Analysis of amino acid composition and evaluation of nutritional value of Coix lacryma-jobi in Fujian Province
Ting-Ting XIE1, * , Huang LIN1, Zi-Mo DU1, Hai-Qing YANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 Institute of Grain and Oil Quality Supervision and Test of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350012, China
  • 2 Fujian Xianyou Jinsha Food Co., Ltd., Putian 351100, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250220001
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目的 探明福建薏米氨基酸组成特征及营养价值差异。方法 以福建南平、福建莆田、福建三明、辽阳、贵州和云南地区薏米为试验材料, 采用酸水解法, 使用氨基酸自动分析仪测定薏米氨基酸含量。以联合国粮食及农业组织和世界卫生组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization, FAO/WHO)推荐的蛋白模式和鸡蛋蛋白标准模式为参照, 计算并比较薏米的氨基酸比值系数分(score of ratio coefficients of amino acids, SRC)。同时研究贮藏10个月前后不同地区薏米氨基酸变化, 探讨贮藏期间薏米氨基酸变化机制。结果 6个地区薏米均检测出17种氨基酸, 其氨基酸总量为7.34~17.97 g/100 g。辽阳地区薏米的氨基酸含量最高, 其次是莆田地区, 三明地区薏米含量最低。贮藏10个月薏米氨基酸变化结果为南平地区薏米氨基酸总量基本保持稳定, 其他地区薏米氨基酸总量则呈现不同程度的下降趋势, 而三明地区薏米氨基酸总量从7.34 g/100 g显著增加至11.17 g/100 g, 增幅达52.2%。薏米中必需氨基酸总量(total essential amino acids, TEAA)为1087~2389 mg/g N, 必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值(essential to total amino acid ratio, E/T)、必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(essential to non-essential amino acid ratio, E/N)分别为33.82%~39.29%、51.09%~64.71%, 辽阳地区薏米TEAA最高, 三明地区薏米TEAA最低, 均低于鸡蛋蛋白模式。莆田和辽阳地区薏米TEAA、E/T、E/N均高于FAO/WHO标准模式。6个地区薏米SRC为39.71~48.30, 评分最高的为南平地区薏米, 最低的为辽阳地区薏米。赖氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸, 其次是甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸。结论 薏米的氨基酸种类齐全, 具有较大的开发利用价值, 可对福建薏米的质量评价提供依据。

薏米  /  氨基酸  /  营养价值  /  贮藏

Objective To find out the characteristics of amino acid composition and the differences of nutritional value of Coix lacryma-jobi in Fujian Province. Methods Taking Coix lacryma-jobi from Nanping, Putian, Sanming, Liaoyang, Guizhou and Yunnan as experimental materials, the amino acid content of Coix lacryma-jobi was determined by acid hydrolysis method and automatic amino acid analyzer. Based on the protein model recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) and the egg protein standard model, score of ratio coefficients of amino acids (SRC) of Coix lacryma-jobi was calculated and compared. At the same time, the changes of amino acids in Coix lacryma-jobi in different areas before and after storage for 10 months were studied, and the mechanism of amino acid changes in Coix lacryma-jobi during storage was discussed. Results There were 17 kinds of protein amino acids in Coix lacryma-jobi in 6 areas, with the total amino acids of 7.34-17.97 g/100 g. The amino acid content of Coix lacryma-jobi in Liaoyang area was the highest, followed by Putian area Coix lacryma-jobi, while Sanming area Coix lacryma-jobi exhibited the lowest levels. After 10 months of storage, the total amino acid content of Nanping area Coix lacryma-jobi remained relatively stable. In contrast, Coix lacryma-jobi from other regions showed varying degrees of decline in total amino acids. Notably, Sanming area Coix lacryma-jobi demonstrated a significant increase in the total amino acid content from 7.34 g/100 g to 11.17 g/100 g, representing a 52.2% rise. The total essential amino acids (TEAA) in Coix lacryma-jobi ranged from 1087 to 2389 mg/g N. The essential to total amino acid ratio (E/T, 33.82%-39.29%) and essential to non-essential amino acid ratio (E/N, 51.09%-64.71%) indicated that Liaoyang area Coix lacryma-jobi had the highest TEAA, whereas Sanming area Coix lacryma-jobi had the lowest, with both falling below the egg protein reference pattern. However, Putian and Liaoyang area Coix lacryma-jobi surpassed the FAO/WHO reference standards in terms of TEAA, E/T and E/N ratios. The SRC of Coix lacryma-jobi was 39.71-48.30 from 6 origins, and the highest score was Coix lacryma-jobi in Nanping area and the lowest was Coix lacryma-jobi in Liaoyang area. Lysine was the first restrictive amino acid, followed by methionine and cystine. Conclusion Coix lacryma-jobi contains a complete range of amino acids, giving it significant development and utilization potential. This can serve as a basis for evaluating the quality of Fujian Coix lacryma-jobi.

Coix lacryma-jobi  /  amino acid  /  nutritional value  /  storage
谢婷婷, 林滉, 杜子默, 杨海清. 福建薏米氨基酸组成分析及营养价值评价. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (12) : 303 -310 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250220001
Ting-Ting XIE, Huang LIN, Zi-Mo DU, Hai-Qing YANG. Analysis of amino acid composition and evaluation of nutritional value of Coix lacryma-jobi in Fujian Province[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (12) : 303 -310 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250220001
薏米(Coix lacryma-jobi), 又称薏苡仁, 是一种重要的药食同源经济作物, 广泛种植于亚洲热带及亚热带地区。近年来, 因其显著的药用价值[1-2], 如抗肿瘤[3]、去湿消肿[4]、镇痛等功效及丰富的营养成分, 全球市场需求持续增长。我国作为薏米主产国之一, 种植区域覆盖贵州、云南、福建、江西等多个省份, 其中福建薏米因其独特品质被列入“福九味”道地药材。与普通谷物相比, 薏米具有更高的蛋白质(12%~18%)、脂肪(5%~7%)及膳食纤维含量[5-6], 且其蛋白质组分(α-、β-、γ-及δ-薏苡仁蛋白)富含脯氨酸、丙氨酸及谷氨酰胺等氨基酸[7], 尤其是赖氨酸和含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸)含量显著高于其他谷物[8], 营养价值突出。然而, 薏米的营养成分存在显著的品种及地域差异。现有研究多集中于贵州地区[9-10], 对福建特色品种(如糯薏米与普通薏米)的系统分析仍较匮乏。值得注意的是, 薏米胚乳以支链淀粉为主, 而糯薏米因支链淀粉含量更高, 其氨基酸代谢可能与普通薏米存在差异。此外, 谷物贮藏过程中氨基酸含量的动态变化, 如大米贮藏后氨基酸总量下降[11]可能进一步影响其营养品质, 但针对薏米(尤其是福建主栽品种)贮藏期间氨基酸演变规律的研究鲜见报道。
福建省薏米种植面积达10万亩, 主产区集中于南平、莆田及三明等地, 产业发展潜力巨大。然而, 目前对该地区薏米氨基酸组成及贮藏稳定性的系统评估较为缺乏, 制约了其高值化利用。因此, 本研究以福建三大主产区的代表性薏米品种为对象, 通过分析其蛋白质氨基酸组成及贮藏稳定性, 结合营养评价体系, 旨在: (1)阐明福建薏米的氨基酸营养特征; (2)揭示不同品种(糯薏米与普通薏米)在贮藏过程中的氨基酸代谢差异; (3)为薏米品质改良及贮藏工艺优化提供理论依据。研究结果将为区域特色薏米资源的深度开发及产业链升级奠定科学基础。
薏米采购自福建省3个薏米主产区(莆田仙游、南平浦城、三明宁化), 具体信息见表1。贵州、辽宁、云南薏米均从当地超市购买。
盐酸、柠檬酸钠(优级纯)、苯酚(分析纯)(国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 乙醇[色谱纯, 默克化工技术(上海)有限公司]; 17种氨基酸混合标准溶液(天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、缬氨酸、甲硫氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸浓度均为1.00 mmol/L、亮氨酸浓度为0.99 mmol/L、赖氨酸和脯氨酸浓度为1.01 mmol/L, 上海安谱璀世标准技术服务有限公司)。
福斯Kjeltec 8400全自动定氮仪[福斯华(北京)科贸有限公司]; L-8900日立氨基酸自动分析仪(日本HITCHI公司); DZF-6090真空干燥箱(上海精宏实验设备有限公司); AB204-L电子天平(精度0.1 mg, 瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司)。
按照GB/T 5491《粮食、油料检验 扦样、分样法》规定的方法进行分样, 选取代表性薏米样品不少于500 g, 用粉碎机将待测样品粉碎至全部通过20目筛, 充分混合均匀。
参考GB 5009.5—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》测定薏米蛋白质含量。
称取0.2 g左右的样品于20 mL水解管中, 加入浓度为6 mol/L的盐酸溶液10 mL以及3~4滴苯酚, 抽真空(接近0 Pa)后充氮气, 拧紧螺丝盖。放置于110 ℃恒温干燥箱内, 水解22~24 h后, 用超纯水将水解液定容至50 mL, 取1 mL溶液至试管中在60 ℃于真空干燥箱内蒸干后, 加1 mL超纯水继续蒸干, 取1.0 mL 0.2 mol/L柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液复溶, 过0.22 μm滤膜, 待测。
以鸡蛋蛋白为标准蛋白, 并以联合国粮食及农业组织和世界卫生组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization, FAO/WHO)推荐的氨基酸参考模式为评价标准, 这是对评价食品营养价值比较常见的方法[11-12]。参照王允茹等[13]和王梦阁等[14]的方法, 对不同品种不同收获年份的福建薏米氨基酸进行营养价值评价, 计算样品中必需氨基酸(essential amino acids, EAA)占总氨基酸(total amino acids, TAA)的质量分数、氨基酸比值(amino acid ratio, RAA)、氨基酸比值系数(ratio coefficients, RC)和氨基酸比值系数分(score of ratio coefficients of amino acids, SRC), 并对计算结果进行分析, 具体计算如公式(1)~(3)。
RAA=$\frac{样品蛋白质中某-\text{EAA}含量}{\text{FAO/WHO}标准模式中相应\text{EAA}含量}$
RC=$\frac{某-\text{EAA}的\text{RAA}}{\text{RAA}均数}$
SRC=100-$\frac{\text{RC}标准差}{\text{RC}均数}$
对数据进行统计分析, 采用Excel 2017和SPSS 26.0软件进行单因素方差分析检验差异显著性、多重比较分析, 用Graphpad Prism 9.0分析作图。
蛋白质是由氨基酸组成的长链分子, 氨基酸是蛋白质的基本单元, 也是影响食物营养品质的重要指标之一[15]。分别对福建省内莆田、南平、三明地区的薏米与辽阳、云南、贵州的薏米进行氨基酸组成和含量的测定, 结果如表2所示。由表2可知, 莆田、南平、三明、辽阳、云南和贵州6个地区的薏米均检测出17种氨基酸, 其中包括7种EAA和10种NEAA[16-17]。6个地区中总氨基酸含量为7.34~17.97 g/100 g, 其中辽阳地区的薏米总氨基酸含量最高, 其次是莆田薏米, 均高于小米[18-19]、大米[20]等谷物类。三明薏米氨基酸的含量均低于其他5个地区的薏米含量, 这可能是因为三明薏米本身是糯薏米, 直链淀粉含量较少, 含有较多的支链淀粉。支链淀粉易于消化分解, 相对来说食味品质反而会更好[21], 口感软糯。6个地区薏米中含量最高的为谷氨酸和脯氨酸, 分别为1.78~3.36 g/100 g和0.75~4.06 g/100 g, 其次是亮氨酸和丙氨酸, 含量分别为1.00~2.36 g/100 g、0.83~1.52 g/100 g, 与贾青慧等[9]、雷裕等[22]研究成果一致。薏米中脯氨酸含量最高, 它不仅提供了合成蛋白质的重要原料, 而且为促进生长、正常代谢、维持生命提供了物质基础, 可作为营养增补剂、风味剂。可见, 薏米中蛋白质含量丰富, 氨基酸种类齐全, 优于大部分谷物类产品[11], 但不同地区的薏米氨基酸含量差异明显。
不同产地的薏米中呈味氨基酸含量及组成存在显著差异。呈味氨基酸是指食物在烹饪或加工过程中, 蛋白质降解产生的能够刺激味蕾并呈现特定风味特征的氨基酸和小分子肽类物质[23]。根据呈味特性, 氨基酸分为甜味、苦味、鲜味和无味氨基酸4大类[18]。由表3数据分析可知, 云南、贵州地区的薏米组间差异均不显著(P>0.05), 这可能是与其相似的地理位置有关。其他地区的薏米EAA和NEAA的占比相近, 但其总量存在显著性差异, 因此, 在相同摄入量条件下, 可基于氨基酸总量进行择优选择。值得注意的是, 辽阳地区的甜味氨基酸和苦味氨基酸的总量显著高于其他地区, 这主要归因于其丙氨酸、亮氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸等特征氨基酸的含量显著升高的结果。
一般市售薏米规定的保质期在12个月左右, 本研究将购买到的薏米在冷冻条件(-18 ℃)下贮藏10个月后测其氨基酸变化, 结果见图1。不同产地的薏米在贮藏过程中表现出显著的氨基酸动态变化。南平地区薏米氨基酸总量基本保持稳定, 莆田、云南、辽阳、贵州地区薏米氨基酸总量则呈现不同程度的下降趋势。三明地区薏米氨基酸总量从7.34 g/100 g显著增加至11.17 g/100 g, 增幅达52.2%。其中酪氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸的增幅最为显著, 分别提高了124%、84%、68%。此外, EAA总量增加了66%, NEAA总量增加了46%。这一现象可能与三明地区薏米(糯薏米)的生化特性有关, 糯薏米可能含有较低水平的蛋白酶抑制剂(如胰蛋白酶抑制剂), 贮藏期间内源性蛋白酶(半胱氨酸蛋白酶、天冬氨酸蛋白酶)更易激活, 促进贮藏蛋白降解为游离氨基酸[27-28], 也可能归因于糯薏米蛋白质组成特性, 其醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白比例较高(约60%~70%), 其疏水结构在贮藏温湿度波动下更易发生构象变化, 暴露酶切位点, 致使氨基酸总量增加[29-30]。除三明、南平和贵州地区薏米外, 其他地区的薏米EAA总量均呈下降趋势; 同时, 除三明地区薏米外, 其他地区NEAA总量也普遍降低。这一变化可能是在贮藏过程中部分氨基酸的降解或转化为其他代谢产物, 进而影响薏米的风味及营养价值。部分氨基酸含量的增加可能是由于贮藏过程中蛋白质阶段性降解并积累所致[11]。综上所述, 尽管部分氨基酸在贮藏过程中可能出现短暂积累, 但多数地区的薏米氨基酸总量随贮藏时间延长呈下降趋势。这一研究为薏米的贮藏稳定性及品质变化提供了重要参考依据。
食物蛋白质营养价值的高低主要取决于EAA的种类、含量及组成比例[28-31]。6个地区的薏米中的EAA含量(以氨基酸含量×62.5/蛋白质的百分含量计算)、鸡蛋蛋白标准模式和FAO/WHO标准模式的每克氮中EAA的毫克数如表4所示。薏米中TEAA为1087~2389 mg/g N, E/T、E/N分别为33.82%~39.29%、51.09%~64.71%, 辽阳地区薏米TEAA最高, 三明地区薏米TEAA最低, 均低于鸡蛋蛋白标准模式, 莆田和辽阳地区薏米TEAA、E/T、E/N均高于FAO/WHO标准模式。具体而言, 亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸占EAA的质量分数均明显高于FAO/WHO标准模式, 而缬氨酸的质量分数与FAO/WHO标准模式非常接近。这些结果表明, 薏米蛋白质具有较优的氨基酸组成特征, 可作为优质的植物蛋白资源, 适合用于开发高营养价值的功能性食品。
氨基酸比值系数法(amino acid score, AAS)是基于氨基酸平衡理论设计的蛋白质营养价值评价方法。其中SRC以FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白参考模式为评价标准[32]。本研究对6个地区薏米的氨基酸组成进行分析, 计算RC、RCAA及SRC(见表5)。结果表明, 不同地区薏米中SRC为39.71~48.30, 其中南平地区的薏米评分最高, 辽阳地区薏米最低。从RC分析结果来看, 所有地区薏米中异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸的RC值均小于1, 表明这些氨基酸相对不足。其中, 赖氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸, 其次是甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸。值得注意的是, 除三明地区薏米外, 其他地区薏米中亮氨酸的RC值均大于1, 表示其相对过剩。缬氨酸的RC值大多接近1.00, 表明其组分比例与FAO/WHO推荐模式较为接近。为提高薏米蛋白质的营养利用率, 建议采用蛋白质互补策略, 将其与富含赖氨酸的食物搭配食用。例如, 动物性食物(如鸡肉[14])或豆类(如红豆、绿豆等[33])可作为理想的互补食材。通过科学搭配, 可优化氨基酸组成, 提高蛋白质的生物利用率, 从而更好地满足人体的营养需求。这一研究结果为薏米的合理膳食应用提供了理论依据, 并为后续功能性食品开发提供了参考方向。
氨基酸组成是评估薏米营养价值的关键指标之一。本研究对福建薏米主产区(莆田、南平、三明)及辽阳、贵州、云南地区薏米进行分析, 结果均含有17种氨基酸, 包括7种EAA和10种NEAA, 其中脯氨酸和谷氨酸含量最为突出。不同地区薏米总蛋白质含量为13.63~18.31 g/100 g, 氨基酸总量为7.34~17.97 g/100 g。辽阳地区薏米TEAA最高, 而三明地区薏米TEAA最低, 均低于鸡蛋蛋白的参考标准。值得注意的是, 莆田和辽阳地区薏米TEAA、E/T、E/N均超过FAO/WHO推荐的标准模式, SRC分析结果显示, 6个地区薏米SRC为39.71~48.30, 其中南平地区的薏米的评分最高, 辽阳地区薏米最低。进一步分析表明, 赖氨酸为薏米的第一限制性氨基酸, 其次是甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸。
在贮藏过程中, 南平地区薏米氨基酸总量保持相对稳定, 莆田、云南、辽阳、贵州地区薏米氨基酸总量呈下降趋势。与之相反, 三明地区薏米总量从7.34 g/100 g增加至11.17 g/100 g, 增幅达52.2%。然而, 本研究尚未阐明贮藏过程中氨基酸变化的生化机制, 未来可借助蛋白质组学和代谢组学技术, 深入探究其分子调控机制, 从而为优化薏米贮藏工艺提供理论依据。此外, 薏米的氨基酸组成较为全面, 具有较高的营养价值和开发潜力, 可为福建薏米的深加工及综合利用提供科学支撑。综上所述, 薏米富含多种氨基酸, 具备良好的营养特性和应用前景。未来研究需结合多学科技术手段, 进一步揭示其营养代谢机制, 以推动薏米在贮藏、加工及产业化领域的科学应用。
  • 福建省地方标准制订项目(闽质监[2018]263号)
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2025年第16卷第12期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250220001
  • 接收时间:2025-02-20
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-20
基金
福建省地方标准制订项目(闽质监[2018]263号)
作者信息
    1 福建省粮油质量监测所, 福州 350012
    2 福建省仙游县金沙食品有限公司, 莆田 351100

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*谢婷婷(1988—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为粮油饲料卫生安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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