Article(id=1151881499096789504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250213001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739376000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752559550308, onlineDateStr=2025-07-15, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752559550308, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752559550308, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752559550308, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151881493552394994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752559548986, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756202008453, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167159075906265916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167159075906265917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151881493552394994, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=143, endPage=150, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151923896980173526, articleId=1151881499096789504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Analysis and comparison of nutritional components in the body wall of Apostichopus japonicus under different breeding modes in Yantai, columnId=1151923891565326960, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Processing and Quality Safety of Aquatic Products, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To evaluate the nutritional composition and quality of Apostichopus japonicus body walls under different breeding models. Methods The nutritional components of Apostichopus japonicus body walls under natural growth, industrial cultivation, pond cultivation, bottom-sowing proliferation, enclosure cultivation, and cage cultivation in the Yantai Region were analyzed and compared. These components included moisture, protein, fat, polysaccharides, saponins, taurine, amino acids, fatty acids and mineral elements. Results Under 6 kinds of breeding methods, the natural growth protein and saturated fatty acid content were the highest, the taurine content was higher, and there were also high levels of essential amino acids and amino acid ratios; bottom propagation had higher levels of calcium, zinc and selenium in terms of mineral elements, with the lowest levels of potassium and magnesium. It had a better flavor and the highest levels of medicinal and flavor amino acids; the fat content, taurine content, total amino acid content, essential amino acid proportion, and unsaturated fatty acid content were the highest in cofferdam aquaculture; the content of Apostichopus japonicus in net cage aquaculture was the highest; pond aquaculture had the highest content of water, calcium and sea cucumber polysaccharides, but the lowest content of various components such as Apostichopus japonicus; the overall composition of factory farming was relatively low, with the lowest content of various components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion In the Yantai Region, under different breeding methods, there are obvious differences in the nutritional and functional components of the body wall of Apostichopus japonicus. The quality of natural growth, bottom-sowing proliferation, enclosure cultivation and cage cultivation is superior to that of industrial cultivation. The results of this study partially improve the evaluation of the nutritional quality of Apostichopus japonicus in the Yantai Region, provide data support for the processing and purchase of Apostichopus japonicus, and serve as a reference for the development of the Apostichopus japonicus industry.

, correspAuthors=Dian-Feng HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jia LIU, Jing-Lin XUE, Yu-Zhu DING, Yan-Qing SUN, Jing WANG, Tian-Yao JIANG, Jing-Jing LUO, Ming-Lei WANG, Jia-Wei LI, Ying-Jiang XU, Dian-Feng HAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151923897399603943, articleId=1151881499096789504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=烟台不同养殖模式刺参体壁营养成分分析比较, columnId=1151923891695350386, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:水产品加工与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 对不同养殖模式下刺参体壁的营养成分组成及品质进行评价。方法 对烟台地区自然生长、工厂化养殖、池塘养殖、底播增殖、围堰养殖、网箱养殖的刺参体壁营养成分进行分析比较, 包括水分、蛋白质、脂肪、多糖、皂苷、牛磺酸、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质元素。结果 6种养殖方式下, 自然生长蛋白质、饱和脂肪酸含量最高, 牛磺酸含量较高, 在必需氨基酸与氨基酸占比方面也有较高水平; 底播增殖在矿物质元素方面钙、锌、硒含量较高, 钾、镁含量最低, 风味较好, 药效氨基酸与呈味氨基酸含量最高; 围堰养殖脂肪含量、牛磺酸含量、氨基酸总含量、必需氨基酸占比、不饱和脂肪酸含量最高; 网箱养殖海参皂苷含量最高; 池塘养殖水分、钙、海参多糖含量最高, 但在海参皂苷等多项成分含量最低; 工厂化养殖总体成分含量较低, 多不饱和脂肪酸等多项含量最低。结论 烟台地区不同养殖方式下, 刺参体壁的营养成分和功能成分有明显差异, 自然生长、底播增殖、围堰养殖、网箱养殖品质优于工厂化养殖和池塘养殖。本研究结果可以完善烟台地区刺参营养品质评价, 为刺参的加工及购买提供数据支撑, 并为刺参产业发展提供参考。

, correspAuthors=韩典峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 韩典峰(1987—), 男, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为水产品质量与安全。E-mail:
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刘佳(1993—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量与安全。E-mail:

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Comparison of basic nutrients of Apostichopus japonicus under different breeding modes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本营养成分 自然生长 底播增殖 围堰养殖 网箱养殖 池塘养殖 工厂化养殖
水分/(g/100 g) 90.96±0.55c 91.58±0.39bc 91.53±0.38bc 91.02±0.12c 92.78±0.99a 91.96±0.37ab
蛋白质/(g/100 g) 4.52±0.68a 4.48±0.47a 4.38±0.29a 4.42±0.42a 3.40±0.50b 3.91±0.01ab
脂肪/(g/100 g) 0.30±0.09a 0.27±0.06a 0.31±0.01a 0.25±0.07a 0.20±0.00a 0.25±0.07a
多糖干重/(mg/g) 61.78±9.27ab 61.97±9.85ab 61.90±3.93ab 47.60±9.48b 71.10±2.26a 56.90±9.33ab
皂苷干重/(mg/kg) 912.89±421.03b 1392.33±191.61a 1320.00±309.43a 1408.00±11.31a 791.50±105.36b 895.50±6.36b
牛磺酸/(mg/100 g) 7.03±1.39a 2.58±0.46bc 7.73±0.49a 4.13±1.70b 1.56±0.39c 1.21±0.26c
), ArticleFig(id=1167158451261153835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881499096789504, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同养殖模式刺参基本营养成分对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本营养成分 自然生长 底播增殖 围堰养殖 网箱养殖 池塘养殖 工厂化养殖
水分/(g/100 g) 90.96±0.55c 91.58±0.39bc 91.53±0.38bc 91.02±0.12c 92.78±0.99a 91.96±0.37ab
蛋白质/(g/100 g) 4.52±0.68a 4.48±0.47a 4.38±0.29a 4.42±0.42a 3.40±0.50b 3.91±0.01ab
脂肪/(g/100 g) 0.30±0.09a 0.27±0.06a 0.31±0.01a 0.25±0.07a 0.20±0.00a 0.25±0.07a
多糖干重/(mg/g) 61.78±9.27ab 61.97±9.85ab 61.90±3.93ab 47.60±9.48b 71.10±2.26a 56.90±9.33ab
皂苷干重/(mg/kg) 912.89±421.03b 1392.33±191.61a 1320.00±309.43a 1408.00±11.31a 791.50±105.36b 895.50±6.36b
牛磺酸/(mg/100 g) 7.03±1.39a 2.58±0.46bc 7.73±0.49a 4.13±1.70b 1.56±0.39c 1.21±0.26c
), ArticleFig(id=1167158451386982956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881499096789504, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of amino acid content in Apostichopus japonicus under different breeding modes (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 自然生长 底播增殖 围堰养殖 网箱养殖 池塘养殖 工厂化养殖
天冬氨酸bc 0.328±0.013a 0.320±0.015a 0.326±0.017a 0.189±0.021c 0.188±0.019c 0.243±0.016b
谷氨酸bc 0.582±0.012bc 0.618±0.013a 0.602±0.021ab 0.567±0.023c 0.188±0.011e 0.522±0.014d
精氨酸bc 0.301±0.022a 0.312±0.024a 0.305±0.025a 0.305±0.02a 0.229±0.018b 0.280±0.016a
丝氨酸 0.195±0.014a 0.194±0.026a 0.198±0.017a 0.187±0.024a 0.147±0.019b 0.180±0.015ab
苏氨酸a 0.214±0.023ab 0.201±0.018ab 0.238±0.026a 0.201±0.022ab 0.158±0.015c 0.194±0.024bc
甘氨酸bc 0.538±0.025c 0.658±0.026a 0.589±0.022b 0.611±0.028b 0.444±0.019d 0.526±0.018c
丙氨酸b 0.253±0.016bc 0.285±0.013a 0.281±0.012ab 0.275±0.009ab 0.218±0.023d 0.238±0.021cd
脯氨酸 0.289±0.013bc 0.326±0.014a 0.323±0.026ab 0.312±0.025abc 0.232±0.017d 0.278±0.016c
酪氨酸c 0.162±0.011b 0.153±0.005bcd 0.142±0.009cd 0.161±0.002bc 0.135±0.014d 0.193±0.015a
缬氨酸a 0.168±0.004b 0.151±0.012b 0.190±0.016a 0.166±0.006b 0.123±0.011c 0.147±0.017b
甲硫氨酸a 0.064±0.004b 0.054±0.002c 0.086±0.007a 0.057±0.001bc 0.041±0.005d 0.053±0.008c
异亮氨酸a 0.141±0.007b 0.128±0.005b 0.162±0.001a 0.138±0.015b 0.103±0.013c 0.124±0.007b
亮氨酸 a 0.206±0.003b 0.176±0.011c 0.229±0.005a 0.194±0.006bc 0.149±0.008d 0.177±0.021c
苯丙氨酸a 0.131±0.021ab 0.108±0.015bc 0.152±0.017a 0.124±0.019abc 0.093±0.024c 0.113±0.013bc
胱氨酸c 0.035±0.001b 0.027±0.008bc 0.046±0.004a 0.024±0.003c 0.024±0.007c 0.029±0.002bc
赖氨酸a 0.159±0.016b 0.124±0.012cd 0.178±0.011a 0.143±0.010bc 0.114±0.006d 0.134±0.004c
组氨酸 0.028±0.004ab 0.023±0.007bc 0.034±0.009a 0.012±0.002d 0.014±0.005cd 0.018±0.001bcd
氨基酸总量 3.794±0.209ab 3.858±0.226ab 4.081±0.245a 3.666±0.236ab 2.600±0.234c 3.449±0.228b
必需氨基酸 1.083±0.078b 0.942±0.075b 1.235±0.083a 1.023±0.079b 0.781±0.082c 0.942±0.094b
呈味氨基酸 2.002±0.088b 2.193±0.091a 2.103±0.097ab 1.947±0.101bc 1.267±0.090d 1.809±0.085c
药效氨基酸 1.946±0.084abc 2.088±0.091a 2.010±0.098ab 1.857±0.097bc 1.208±0.088d 1.793±0.081c
必需氨基酸/氨基酸总量 0.285±0.005b 0.244±0.005d 0.303±0.002a 0.279±0.003bc 0.300±0.004a 0.273±0.009c
), ArticleFig(id=1167158451550560821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881499096789504, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同养殖模式刺参氨基酸含量对比(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 自然生长 底播增殖 围堰养殖 网箱养殖 池塘养殖 工厂化养殖
天冬氨酸bc 0.328±0.013a 0.320±0.015a 0.326±0.017a 0.189±0.021c 0.188±0.019c 0.243±0.016b
谷氨酸bc 0.582±0.012bc 0.618±0.013a 0.602±0.021ab 0.567±0.023c 0.188±0.011e 0.522±0.014d
精氨酸bc 0.301±0.022a 0.312±0.024a 0.305±0.025a 0.305±0.02a 0.229±0.018b 0.280±0.016a
丝氨酸 0.195±0.014a 0.194±0.026a 0.198±0.017a 0.187±0.024a 0.147±0.019b 0.180±0.015ab
苏氨酸a 0.214±0.023ab 0.201±0.018ab 0.238±0.026a 0.201±0.022ab 0.158±0.015c 0.194±0.024bc
甘氨酸bc 0.538±0.025c 0.658±0.026a 0.589±0.022b 0.611±0.028b 0.444±0.019d 0.526±0.018c
丙氨酸b 0.253±0.016bc 0.285±0.013a 0.281±0.012ab 0.275±0.009ab 0.218±0.023d 0.238±0.021cd
脯氨酸 0.289±0.013bc 0.326±0.014a 0.323±0.026ab 0.312±0.025abc 0.232±0.017d 0.278±0.016c
酪氨酸c 0.162±0.011b 0.153±0.005bcd 0.142±0.009cd 0.161±0.002bc 0.135±0.014d 0.193±0.015a
缬氨酸a 0.168±0.004b 0.151±0.012b 0.190±0.016a 0.166±0.006b 0.123±0.011c 0.147±0.017b
甲硫氨酸a 0.064±0.004b 0.054±0.002c 0.086±0.007a 0.057±0.001bc 0.041±0.005d 0.053±0.008c
异亮氨酸a 0.141±0.007b 0.128±0.005b 0.162±0.001a 0.138±0.015b 0.103±0.013c 0.124±0.007b
亮氨酸 a 0.206±0.003b 0.176±0.011c 0.229±0.005a 0.194±0.006bc 0.149±0.008d 0.177±0.021c
苯丙氨酸a 0.131±0.021ab 0.108±0.015bc 0.152±0.017a 0.124±0.019abc 0.093±0.024c 0.113±0.013bc
胱氨酸c 0.035±0.001b 0.027±0.008bc 0.046±0.004a 0.024±0.003c 0.024±0.007c 0.029±0.002bc
赖氨酸a 0.159±0.016b 0.124±0.012cd 0.178±0.011a 0.143±0.010bc 0.114±0.006d 0.134±0.004c
组氨酸 0.028±0.004ab 0.023±0.007bc 0.034±0.009a 0.012±0.002d 0.014±0.005cd 0.018±0.001bcd
氨基酸总量 3.794±0.209ab 3.858±0.226ab 4.081±0.245a 3.666±0.236ab 2.600±0.234c 3.449±0.228b
必需氨基酸 1.083±0.078b 0.942±0.075b 1.235±0.083a 1.023±0.079b 0.781±0.082c 0.942±0.094b
呈味氨基酸 2.002±0.088b 2.193±0.091a 2.103±0.097ab 1.947±0.101bc 1.267±0.090d 1.809±0.085c
药效氨基酸 1.946±0.084abc 2.088±0.091a 2.010±0.098ab 1.857±0.097bc 1.208±0.088d 1.793±0.081c
必需氨基酸/氨基酸总量 0.285±0.005b 0.244±0.005d 0.303±0.002a 0.279±0.003bc 0.300±0.004a 0.273±0.009c
), ArticleFig(id=1167158451672195641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881499096789504, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Evaluation of amino acids composition of Apostichopus japonicus in different breeding modes (one)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
必需氨基酸 评分模式(FAO) AAS
自然生长 底播增殖 围堰养殖 网箱养殖 池塘养殖 工厂化养殖
苏氨酸 40 1.18 1.12 1.36 1.14 1.16 1.24
缬氨酸 50 0.74 0.67 0.87 0.75 0.72 0.75
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 35 1.06 0.96 1.24 1.07 1.03 1.07
亮氨酸 70 0.65 0.56 0.75 0.63 0.63 0.65
异亮氨酸 40 0.78 0.71 0.92 0.78 0.76 0.79
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 60 0.52# 0.48# 0.62# 0.52# 0.50# 0.53#
赖氨酸 55 0.64## 0.50## 0.74## 0.59## 0.61## 0.62##
), ArticleFig(id=1167158451823190586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881499096789504, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同养殖模式刺参氨基酸组成评价(一)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
必需氨基酸 评分模式(FAO) AAS
自然生长 底播增殖 围堰养殖 网箱养殖 池塘养殖 工厂化养殖
苏氨酸 40 1.18 1.12 1.36 1.14 1.16 1.24
缬氨酸 50 0.74 0.67 0.87 0.75 0.72 0.75
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 35 1.06 0.96 1.24 1.07 1.03 1.07
亮氨酸 70 0.65 0.56 0.75 0.63 0.63 0.65
异亮氨酸 40 0.78 0.71 0.92 0.78 0.76 0.79
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 60 0.52# 0.48# 0.62# 0.52# 0.50# 0.53#
赖氨酸 55 0.64## 0.50## 0.74## 0.59## 0.61## 0.62##
), ArticleFig(id=1167158451911270974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881499096789504, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Evaluation of amino acids composition of Apostichopus japonicus in different breeding modes (two)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
必需氨基酸 鸡蛋蛋白 CS
自然生长 底播增殖 围堰养殖 网箱养殖 池塘养殖 工厂化养殖
苏氨酸 47 1.01 0.95 1.16 0.97 0.99 1.06
缬氨酸 66 0.56 0.51 0.66 0.57 0.55 0.57
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 57 0.65 0.59 0.76 0.66 0.63 0.66
亮氨酸 86 0.53 0.46 0.61 0.51 0.51 0.53
异亮氨酸 54 0.58 0.53 0.68 0.58 0.56 0.59
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 93 0.34# 0.31# 0.40# 0.34# 0.33# 0.34#
赖氨酸 70 0.50## 0.40## 0.58## 0.46## 0.48## 0.49##
), ArticleFig(id=1167158452028711494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881499096789504, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同养殖模式刺参氨基酸组成评价(二)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
必需氨基酸 鸡蛋蛋白 CS
自然生长 底播增殖 围堰养殖 网箱养殖 池塘养殖 工厂化养殖
苏氨酸 47 1.01 0.95 1.16 0.97 0.99 1.06
缬氨酸 66 0.56 0.51 0.66 0.57 0.55 0.57
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 57 0.65 0.59 0.76 0.66 0.63 0.66
亮氨酸 86 0.53 0.46 0.61 0.51 0.51 0.53
异亮氨酸 54 0.58 0.53 0.68 0.58 0.56 0.59
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 93 0.34# 0.31# 0.40# 0.34# 0.33# 0.34#
赖氨酸 70 0.50## 0.40## 0.58## 0.46## 0.48## 0.49##
), ArticleFig(id=1167158452158734921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881499096789504, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of fatty acid content in Apostichopus japonicus under different breeding modes (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸 自然生长 底播增殖 围堰养殖 网箱养殖 池塘养殖 工厂化养殖
C14:0 3.23 2.06 1.10 2.37 1.37 1.16
C15:0 0.42 0.43 0.16 0.35 0.35 0.26
C16:0 11.97 12.77 7.69 11.7 11.90 16.15
C17:0 1.29 1.77 0.94 1.38 1.63 1.71
C18:0 10.92 9.42 8.78 10.22 9.35 7.59
C20:0 2.09 2.18 1.84 2.15 1.79 2.37
C21:0 0.70 1.26 0.91 0.99 0.88 0.89
C22:0 1.45 1.77 1.45 1.81 1.70 1.75
C23:0 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
C24:0 0.23 0.37 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.09
SFA 32.31 32.03 22.98 31.09 29.05 31.97
C14:1 1.31 0.93 0.46 1.05 1.09 0.77
C15:1 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
C16:1 14.16 13.67 19.30 10.50 15.95 13.37
C17:1 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
C18:1 n9t 0.61 0.65 0.71 0.62 0.58 0.60
C18:1 n9c 4.09 3.43 3.12 5.11 4.09 4.50
C20:1 n9 3.12 2.66 2.71 3.24 3.20 6.23
C22:1 n9 1.33 1.24 1.45 1.37 1.53 1.85
C24:1 n9 4.01 4.49 5.36 4.68 5.09 4.81
MUFA 28.62 27.06 33.11 26.56 31.53 32.13
C18:2 n6c 2.08 1.49 1.41 4.33 2.59 8.34
C18:3 n6 0.70 0.78 1.01 0.64 0.86 0.27
C18:3 n3 0.58 0.39 0.62 0.64 0.77 0.51
C20:2 1.07 1.91 0.91 2.60 0.98 1.86
C20:3 n6 0.34 0.53 0.40 0.39 0.50 0.43
C20:3 n3 0.14 0.12 0.16 0.14 0.18 N.D.
C20:4 n6 (AA) 10.47 13.50 12.10 12.05 10.87 11.60
C22:2 n6 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
C18:2 n6t N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
C20:5 n3 (EPA) 16.69 15.10 21.60 14.70 17.05 9.82
C22:6 n3 (DHA) 7.01 7.11 5.73 6.87 5.70 3.09
PUFA 39.08 40.91 43.94 42.35 39.49 35.90
), ArticleFig(id=1167158452271981132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881499096789504, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同养殖模式刺参脂肪酸含量对比(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸 自然生长 底播增殖 围堰养殖 网箱养殖 池塘养殖 工厂化养殖
C14:0 3.23 2.06 1.10 2.37 1.37 1.16
C15:0 0.42 0.43 0.16 0.35 0.35 0.26
C16:0 11.97 12.77 7.69 11.7 11.90 16.15
C17:0 1.29 1.77 0.94 1.38 1.63 1.71
C18:0 10.92 9.42 8.78 10.22 9.35 7.59
C20:0 2.09 2.18 1.84 2.15 1.79 2.37
C21:0 0.70 1.26 0.91 0.99 0.88 0.89
C22:0 1.45 1.77 1.45 1.81 1.70 1.75
C23:0 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
C24:0 0.23 0.37 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.09
SFA 32.31 32.03 22.98 31.09 29.05 31.97
C14:1 1.31 0.93 0.46 1.05 1.09 0.77
C15:1 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
C16:1 14.16 13.67 19.30 10.50 15.95 13.37
C17:1 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
C18:1 n9t 0.61 0.65 0.71 0.62 0.58 0.60
C18:1 n9c 4.09 3.43 3.12 5.11 4.09 4.50
C20:1 n9 3.12 2.66 2.71 3.24 3.20 6.23
C22:1 n9 1.33 1.24 1.45 1.37 1.53 1.85
C24:1 n9 4.01 4.49 5.36 4.68 5.09 4.81
MUFA 28.62 27.06 33.11 26.56 31.53 32.13
C18:2 n6c 2.08 1.49 1.41 4.33 2.59 8.34
C18:3 n6 0.70 0.78 1.01 0.64 0.86 0.27
C18:3 n3 0.58 0.39 0.62 0.64 0.77 0.51
C20:2 1.07 1.91 0.91 2.60 0.98 1.86
C20:3 n6 0.34 0.53 0.40 0.39 0.50 0.43
C20:3 n3 0.14 0.12 0.16 0.14 0.18 N.D.
C20:4 n6 (AA) 10.47 13.50 12.10 12.05 10.87 11.60
C22:2 n6 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
C18:2 n6t N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
C20:5 n3 (EPA) 16.69 15.10 21.60 14.70 17.05 9.82
C22:6 n3 (DHA) 7.01 7.11 5.73 6.87 5.70 3.09
PUFA 39.08 40.91 43.94 42.35 39.49 35.90
), ArticleFig(id=1167158452339090003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881499096789504, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of mineral content in Apostichopus japonicus under different breeding modes (mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物质 自然生长 底播增殖 围堰养殖 网箱养殖 池塘养殖 工厂化养殖
7189±251a 5256±204c 7449±179a 6695±153b 7308±221a 6502±215b
626±27bc 538±35c 751±49a 685±23ab 764±62a 597±71bc
1024±221a 824±187a 1075±269a 1009±361a 1123±291a 918±243a
960±104b 1306±192ab 1054±232ab 1125±279ab 1375±203a 966±167b
38.29±5.02d 52.97±7.09c 21.90±5.72e 79.54±6.88a 67.89±7.13b 76.13±3.89ab
3.33±0.49d 4.91±0.25b 4.20±0.18c 6.17±0.22a 3.90±0.16c 4.41±0.31bc
0.42±0.11ab 0.53±0.09ab 0.29±0.06c 0.40±0.08ab 0.24±0.05c 0.29±0.07bc
1.33±0.02d 1.85±0.05c 0.72±0.04e 2.28±0.06b 4.13±0.07a 1.85±0.04c
0.22±0.01de 0.21±0.01e 0.23±0.01d 0.50±0.01a 0.28±0.01b 0.25±0.01c
), ArticleFig(id=1167158452439753302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151881499096789504, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同养殖模式刺参矿物质含量对比(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物质 自然生长 底播增殖 围堰养殖 网箱养殖 池塘养殖 工厂化养殖
7189±251a 5256±204c 7449±179a 6695±153b 7308±221a 6502±215b
626±27bc 538±35c 751±49a 685±23ab 764±62a 597±71bc
1024±221a 824±187a 1075±269a 1009±361a 1123±291a 918±243a
960±104b 1306±192ab 1054±232ab 1125±279ab 1375±203a 966±167b
38.29±5.02d 52.97±7.09c 21.90±5.72e 79.54±6.88a 67.89±7.13b 76.13±3.89ab
3.33±0.49d 4.91±0.25b 4.20±0.18c 6.17±0.22a 3.90±0.16c 4.41±0.31bc
0.42±0.11ab 0.53±0.09ab 0.29±0.06c 0.40±0.08ab 0.24±0.05c 0.29±0.07bc
1.33±0.02d 1.85±0.05c 0.72±0.04e 2.28±0.06b 4.13±0.07a 1.85±0.04c
0.22±0.01de 0.21±0.01e 0.23±0.01d 0.50±0.01a 0.28±0.01b 0.25±0.01c
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烟台不同养殖模式刺参体壁营养成分分析比较
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刘佳 1 , 薛敬林 1 , 丁玉竹 1 , 孙琰晴 1 , 王景 1 , 姜添耀 2 , 罗晶晶 1 , 王明磊 1 , 李佳蔚 1 , 徐英江 1 , 韩典峰 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:水产品加工与质量安全 2025,16(10): 143-150
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:水产品加工与质量安全 2025, 16(10): 143-150
烟台不同养殖模式刺参体壁营养成分分析比较
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刘佳1 , 薛敬林1, 丁玉竹1, 孙琰晴1, 王景1, 姜添耀2, 罗晶晶1, 王明磊1, 李佳蔚1, 徐英江1, 韩典峰1, *
作者信息
  • 1.山东省海洋资源与环境研究院, 烟台市海珍品质量安全控制与精深加工重点实验室, 烟台 264006
  • 2.烟台文化旅游职业学院, 烟台 264003
  • 刘佳(1993—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量与安全。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 韩典峰(1987—), 男, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为水产品质量与安全。E-mail:
Analysis and comparison of nutritional components in the body wall of Apostichopus japonicus under different breeding modes in Yantai
Jia LIU1 , Jing-Lin XUE1, Yu-Zhu DING1, Yan-Qing SUN1, Jing WANG1, Tian-Yao JIANG2, Jing-Jing LUO1, Ming-Lei WANG1, Jia-Wei LI1, Ying-Jiang XU1, Dian-Feng HAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Yantai 264006, China
  • 2. Yantai Vocational College of Culture and Tourism, Yantai 264003, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250213001
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目的 对不同养殖模式下刺参体壁的营养成分组成及品质进行评价。方法 对烟台地区自然生长、工厂化养殖、池塘养殖、底播增殖、围堰养殖、网箱养殖的刺参体壁营养成分进行分析比较, 包括水分、蛋白质、脂肪、多糖、皂苷、牛磺酸、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质元素。结果 6种养殖方式下, 自然生长蛋白质、饱和脂肪酸含量最高, 牛磺酸含量较高, 在必需氨基酸与氨基酸占比方面也有较高水平; 底播增殖在矿物质元素方面钙、锌、硒含量较高, 钾、镁含量最低, 风味较好, 药效氨基酸与呈味氨基酸含量最高; 围堰养殖脂肪含量、牛磺酸含量、氨基酸总含量、必需氨基酸占比、不饱和脂肪酸含量最高; 网箱养殖海参皂苷含量最高; 池塘养殖水分、钙、海参多糖含量最高, 但在海参皂苷等多项成分含量最低; 工厂化养殖总体成分含量较低, 多不饱和脂肪酸等多项含量最低。结论 烟台地区不同养殖方式下, 刺参体壁的营养成分和功能成分有明显差异, 自然生长、底播增殖、围堰养殖、网箱养殖品质优于工厂化养殖和池塘养殖。本研究结果可以完善烟台地区刺参营养品质评价, 为刺参的加工及购买提供数据支撑, 并为刺参产业发展提供参考。

刺参  /  养殖模式  /  营养成分  /  品质评价

Objective To evaluate the nutritional composition and quality of Apostichopus japonicus body walls under different breeding models. Methods The nutritional components of Apostichopus japonicus body walls under natural growth, industrial cultivation, pond cultivation, bottom-sowing proliferation, enclosure cultivation, and cage cultivation in the Yantai Region were analyzed and compared. These components included moisture, protein, fat, polysaccharides, saponins, taurine, amino acids, fatty acids and mineral elements. Results Under 6 kinds of breeding methods, the natural growth protein and saturated fatty acid content were the highest, the taurine content was higher, and there were also high levels of essential amino acids and amino acid ratios; bottom propagation had higher levels of calcium, zinc and selenium in terms of mineral elements, with the lowest levels of potassium and magnesium. It had a better flavor and the highest levels of medicinal and flavor amino acids; the fat content, taurine content, total amino acid content, essential amino acid proportion, and unsaturated fatty acid content were the highest in cofferdam aquaculture; the content of Apostichopus japonicus in net cage aquaculture was the highest; pond aquaculture had the highest content of water, calcium and sea cucumber polysaccharides, but the lowest content of various components such as Apostichopus japonicus; the overall composition of factory farming was relatively low, with the lowest content of various components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion In the Yantai Region, under different breeding methods, there are obvious differences in the nutritional and functional components of the body wall of Apostichopus japonicus. The quality of natural growth, bottom-sowing proliferation, enclosure cultivation and cage cultivation is superior to that of industrial cultivation. The results of this study partially improve the evaluation of the nutritional quality of Apostichopus japonicus in the Yantai Region, provide data support for the processing and purchase of Apostichopus japonicus, and serve as a reference for the development of the Apostichopus japonicus industry.

Apostichopus japonicus  /  breeding mode  /  nutritional components  /  quality evaluation
刘佳, 薛敬林, 丁玉竹, 孙琰晴, 王景, 姜添耀, 罗晶晶, 王明磊, 李佳蔚, 徐英江, 韩典峰. 烟台不同养殖模式刺参体壁营养成分分析比较. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (10) : 143 -150 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250213001
Jia LIU, Jing-Lin XUE, Yu-Zhu DING, Yan-Qing SUN, Jing WANG, Tian-Yao JIANG, Jing-Jing LUO, Ming-Lei WANG, Jia-Wei LI, Ying-Jiang XU, Dian-Feng HAN. Analysis and comparison of nutritional components in the body wall of Apostichopus japonicus under different breeding modes in Yantai[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (10) : 143 -150 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250213001
刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)又称仿刺参, 属于无脊椎动物中最高等的棘皮动物门(Echinodermata)、刺参纲(Holothuroidea), 典型温带种类, 是中国消费和商业养殖规模最大的刺参品种[1]。刺参体壁是刺参主要食用部位, 现代医学证明, 刺参体壁富含人体必需的营养成分和刺参皂苷、酸性黏多糖、凝集素等生物活性物质[2-4], 具有提高人体免疫力、抗炎、抗肿瘤、延缓衰老和促进造血功能等生理功效[5-6]。刺参主产于黄海海域, 其养殖于2000年在山东沿海逐渐展开, 尤其自2003年以来刺参养殖产业迅速崛起[7]。伴随着刺参养殖规模化以及关键技术的突破, 其产品价格下降, 居民经济水平提高与健康意识的提高, 刺激消费者对刺参产品需求量的增加及高品质要求的提高。而刺参的产地环境和养殖模对其产品品质有着显著影响, 目前刺参养殖主要有自然生长、池塘养殖、底播增殖、围堰养殖、网箱养殖、工厂化养殖等多种增殖模式。不同养殖模式选择不同生长周期、生长环境和摄食环境, 其营养价值和经济价值存在较大差异。底播增殖是人工投苗于开放式海域, 让其自然生长, 生长周期长且养殖成本高; 池塘养殖[8]是人工育苗后在人造池塘或者圈养海域进行养殖, 刺参生长环境可控并投饵, 生长周期明显缩短且产量高; 网箱养殖是在海面上用浮漂和木板搭成方形框架, 利用方形渔网固定, 下放至海面以下3~6 m养殖, 生长周期短、养殖环境可控且产量高; 围堰养殖[9]是在海水潮间带围堰, 利用管道或闸门在自然潮汐过程中换排水, 围堰池底布置模拟自然海区底质, 投喂底泥搭配人工配合饲料, 定期施加底质改良剂或有益菌, 一定程度上人为干预其生长过程。
消费者在选择刺参产品时, 一般认为自然生长方式的刺参品质高于人工养殖方式的刺参, 但是数据支持不完善, 并且存在争议。目前有关刺参的研究主要为品种[10-11]、产地[12]、季节[13]等, 但对烟台地区较为完善的多种养殖模式下刺参的营养成品质比较研究报道较少。鉴于此, 本研究选取烟台地区同一季节自然生长、底播增殖、工厂化养殖、池塘养殖、围堰养殖、网箱养殖多种养殖方式的刺参体壁为研究对象, 分析其基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质方面的差异, 以期为消费者购买与刺参养殖产业发展提供参考。
采集秋季烟台长岛自然生长刺参、烟台莱州市底播增殖刺参、烟台市开发区围堰养殖刺参、烟台芝罘区网箱养殖刺参、烟台海阳市池塘养殖刺参、烟台莱州市工厂化养殖刺参, 6份, 均为鲜活刺参。每份样品刺参个体质量为110~150 g, 每份样品分别取5只去内脏清洗, 体壁待测。
BA210S电子天平(感量0.0001 g, 德国Sartorius公司); DHG-9240A台式鼓风干燥箱(上海柏欣仪器设备厂); Agilent 7890气相色谱仪(美国安捷伦科技有限公司); ICAP RQ电感耦合等离子质谱仪、Ultimate 3000高效液相色谱仪(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); SKD-100凯氏定氮仪(上海沛欧分析仪器有限公司); L-8900全自动氨基酸分析仪(日立高新技术公司)。
水分含量测定按照GB 5009.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》直接干燥法; 蛋白质含量测定按照GB 5009.5—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》凯氏定氮法; 脂肪含量测定按照GB 5009.6—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》索氏抽提法; 多糖含量测定按照SC/T 3049—2015《刺参及其制品中海参多糖的测定 高效液相色谱法》; 皂苷含量测定按照GB/T 33108—2016《海参及其制品中海参皂苷的测定 高效液相色谱法》; 牛磺酸含量测定按照GB 5009.169—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中牛磺酸的测定》邻苯二甲醛(o-phthalaldehyde, OPA)柱后衍生高效液相色谱法。
氨基酸含量测定按照GB 5009.124—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》。
采用化学分析法[14], 参照联合国粮农组织(United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO)/世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WTO)建议的氨基酸评分标准模式(amino acid score, AAS)进行评价, 参照中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所提出的鸡蛋蛋白质模式进行化学评分(chemical score, CS), 计算如公式(1)、(2)[15]:
$\mathrm{AAS}=\frac{\text { 被测蛋白质氦基酸质量分数 }(\mathrm{mg} /\mathrm{g} \mathrm{~N})}{\mathrm{FAO} /\mathrm{WTO} \text { 评分标准模式氨基酸质量分数(mg/g N) }}$
$\mathrm{CS}=\frac{\text { 被测蛋白质氨基酸质量分数 }(\mathrm{mg} /\mathrm{g} \mathrm{~N})}{\text { 鸡蛋蛋白质中同种氨基酸质量分数 }(\mathrm{mg} /\mathrm{g} \mathrm{~N})}$
脂肪酸含量测定按照GB 5009.168—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪酸的测定》归一化法。
钠、镁、钾、钙、铁、铜、锌、锰、硒含量测定按照GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)。
本研究中每个样品设置3个平行样。采用SPSS 27.0软件进行单因子方差分析, 对不同数据进行Duncan’s多重比较, 数据用平均值±标准偏差表示, P<0.05表示数据差异显著。
表1可知, 水分含量范围在90.96%~92.78%之间, 池塘养殖最高, 自然生长最低; 蛋白质含量范围在3.40%~4.52%之间, 自然生长最高, 池塘养殖最低, 且两者间具有显著性差异(P<0.05); 脂肪含量范围在0.20%~0.31%之间, 围堰养殖最高, 池塘养殖最低, 无显著性差异(P>0.05); 多糖干重含量范围在47.60~71.10 mg/g之间, 网箱养殖最低, 池塘养殖最高, 两者之间有显著性差异(P<0.05); 皂苷干重含量范围在791.50~1408.00 mg/kg之间, 网箱养殖最高, 池塘养殖最低; 牛磺酸含量范围在1.21~7.73 mg/100 g之间, 工厂化养殖最低, 围堰养殖最高, 两者之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。本研究结果与前期文献[16-18]结果相似。
研究结果显示, 自然生长刺参水分含量低于池塘养殖与工厂化养殖刺参; 自然生长与底播增殖的蛋白质含量相近, 显著高于池塘养殖刺参(P<0.05); 自然生长刺参多糖含量低于池塘养殖、底播增殖和围堰养殖, 但无显著性差异(P>0.05); 底播增殖、围堰养殖和网箱养殖刺参皂苷干重含量相近, 显著高于池塘养殖和工厂化养殖(P<0.05); 自然生长与围堰养殖牛磺酸含量相近, 显著高于其他养殖方式(P<0.05)。结果说明自然生长的刺参有低水分、高蛋白、高牛磺酸营养特征。
氨基酸是蛋白质的组成成分, 人们对蛋白质的需求实际上就是对氨基酸的需要[19], 且部分种类氨基酸也是食品中重要的风味物质。由表2可知, 氨基酸总量范围在2.600%~4.081%之间, 围堰养殖的氨基酸总量最高, 其次为底播增殖与自然生长, 池塘养殖的氨基酸总量显著低于其他养殖模式(P<0.05)。
必需氨基酸是维持生命体稳态, 生长繁殖所必需的[20]。结果显示, 围堰养殖的必需氨基酸含量最高, 池塘养殖最低, 且具有显著差异(P<0.05), 自然生长和网箱养殖的必需氨基酸含量相当, 略低于围堰养殖。围堰养殖与池塘养殖的必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例均在30%以上, 显著高于其他养殖模式(P<0.05), 其次为自然生长。总体上看, 围堰养殖模式下必需氨基酸含量与占比是最高的。
呈味氨基酸指有调味和増味作用的氨基酸, 一般地认为谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸是呈鲜味的特征性氨基酸[21]。由表2可知, 底播增殖的呈味氨基酸含量最高, 池塘养殖最低, 且有显著差异(P<0.05), 次高为围堰养殖和自然生长。自然生长、底播增殖、围堰养殖模式下天冬氨酸含量显著高于其他养殖模式(P<0.05), 谷氨酸含量也高于其他养殖模式, 而池塘养殖模式下谷氨酸含量显著低于其他养殖模式(P<0.05)。结果说明自然生长、底播增殖、围堰养殖模式下刺参鲜美程度更高, 有更好的食品风味。
药效氨基酸指可以用于治疗一些疾病的氨基酸。由表2可知, 整体上, 药效氨基酸中谷氨酸与甘氨酸含量最高, 谷氨酸可用于肝昏迷、肝功能不全等肝脏相关疾病的治疗[22], 甘氨酸在治疗炎症抗肿瘤等方面有功效。具体养殖模式上, 底播增殖药效氨基酸含量最高, 其次为围堰养殖和自然生长, 池塘养殖最低且有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
结果说明自然生长、底播增殖、围堰养殖模式下刺参的必需氨基酸含量及占比、呈味氨基酸与药效氨基酸含量相对较高。
表3表4可知, 自然生长的必需氨基酸评分AAS在0.52~1.18、CS在0.34~1.01之间, 底播增殖的必需氨基酸评分AAS在0.48~1.12、CS在0.31~0.95之间, 围堰养殖的必需氨基酸评分AAS在0.62~1.36、CS在0.40~1.16之间, 网箱养殖的必需氨基酸评分AAS在0.52~1.14、CS在0.34~0.97之间, 池塘养殖的必需氨基酸评分AAS在0.50~1.16、CS在0.33~0.99之间, 工厂化养殖的必需氨基酸评分AAS在0.53~1.24、CS在0.34~1.06之间, 这与王鹤等[23]研究烟台刺参不同养殖模式下氨基酸评分基本一致, 其中围堰养殖的氨基酸评分最高, 其余各养殖方式氨基酸评分大体相同。根据AAS与CS的评比标准, 各养殖模式下, 苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸均为第一限制性氨基酸, 赖氨酸均为第二限制性氨基酸, 说明同一海域养殖下氨基酸组成评价无较大差别。
脂肪酸是人体所必需的一种营养成分, 可以促进身体的新陈代谢、提供能量, 从而维持身体正常运转。本研究检测30种脂肪酸, 包括C14:0、C15:0、C16:0、C17:0、C18:0、C20:0、C21:0、C22:0、C23:0、C24:0共10种饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acid, SFA), C14:1、C15:1、C16:1、C17:1、顺、反式C18:1n9、C20:1n9、C22:1n9、C24:1n9共9种单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acid, MUFA), 顺、反式C18:2n6、C18:3n3、C18:3n6、C20:2、C20:3n3、C20:3n6、C20:4n6(花生四烯酸, arachidonic acid, AA)、C20:5n3(二十碳五烯酸, eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA)、C22:2n6、C22:6n3(二十二碳六烯酸, docosahexaenoic acid‌, DHA)共11种多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA)。
表5可知, 本研究检测的30种脂肪酸中, 刺参含有25种脂肪酸, 5种脂肪酸未检出。碳原子数在14~24; SFA 9种, 占22.98%~32.31%; MUFA 7种, 占26.56%~ 33.11%; PUFA 9种, 占35.90%~43.94%。自然生长的SFA含量最高, 围堰养殖最低。多不饱和脂肪酸对人体健康十分重要, 其中EPA、AA是人体必需的PUFA, 具有广泛的生理活性, 能竞争性地抑制血小板的聚集, 减少血栓的形成, 预防心脑血管梗塞[24-25]。DHA是神经系统细胞生长及维持的一种主要元素, 是大脑和视网膜的重要构成脂肪酸, 对智力和视力发育至关重要[26]。刺参中PUFA占比较高, 其中EPA占全部脂肪酸的9.82%~21.60%, 同时还含有较高含量的AA和DHA, 占全部脂肪酸的比例分别为10.47%~13.50%和3.09%~7.11%。
从养殖方式看, 围堰养殖、底播增殖和自然生长的鲜活刺参中PUFA、EPA、DHA含量相对较高, 工厂化养殖的相对较低, 且围堰养殖不饱和脂肪酸含量最高。分析说明围堰养殖、底播增殖和自然生长养殖模式下的刺参有相对较好的保健效果。
矿物质与人的生存和健康息息相关, 对人的生命起至关重要的作用。它们的摄入过量、不足、不平衡或缺乏都会不同程度地引起人体生理的异常或发生疾病。通过对鲜活刺参样品的11种矿物质进行检测, 所采集样品中矿物质元素含量范围依次为钠(5256~7449 mg/kg)、钾(538~764 mg/kg)、镁(824~1123 mg/kg)、钙(960~1375 mg/kg)、铁(21.90~79.54 mg/kg)、锌(3.33~6.17 mg/kg)、硒(0.24~0.53 mg/kg)、锰(0.72~4.13 mg/kg)、铜(0.21~0.50 mg/kg)。具体见表6
从养殖模式看, 池塘养殖和底播增殖中钙含量高于其他养殖模式, 钙具有维持骨骼硬度和完整性、调节肌肉收缩、神经递质释放等作用[27-28]; 网箱养殖和底播增殖中锌含量高于其他养殖模式, 显著高于池塘养殖(P<0.05), 锌对大脑发育起着重要的作用, 可以促进人体生长, 增强免疫力[29]; 网箱养殖中铁含量高于其他养殖模式, 铁能够改善因缺铁而导致的小细胞低色素性贫血[30]; 自然生长和底播增殖中硒含量高于其他养殖模式, 硒对防癌、抗癌及延缓衰老具有十分重要作用[31]
从风味上看, 池塘养殖中的钾、镁含量最高, 底播增殖中的钾、镁含量最低。钾、镁两种元素是造成刺参口感发涩的主要原因[32], 说明池塘养殖模式下的刺参口感最差, 底播增殖养殖模式下的刺参口感最佳。
6种养殖方式下, 刺参均含有较高含量的蛋白质和较低含量的脂肪, 也含有较丰富的矿物质和多糖等生物活性物质。自然生长刺参蛋白质、脂肪、牛磺酸和多糖含量较高, 池塘养殖和工厂化含量较低; 氨基酸组成评价无较大差别, 第一限制性氨基酸均为苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸。氨基酸组成相似, 均含有一定的呈味氨基酸及药效氨基酸, 其中必需氨基酸含量及占比方面, 围堰养殖最高, 池塘养殖的必需氨基酸含量最低; 脂肪酸组成有差异, 围堰养殖的MUFA含有较高水平, 工厂化养殖的PUFA明显低于其他养殖模式; 均含有一定的常量元素和微量元素, 其中底播增殖在钙、锌、硒含量具有优势。由此可知, 由于不同养殖模式其营养成分有所差异, 每种刺参均有其各自的营养特点, 但总体上自然生长、底播增殖、围堰养殖刺参营养与风味品质较好, 工厂化养殖与池塘养殖相对较差。本研究完善了烟台地区刺参营养品质评价, 为消费者选购及刺参的生产加工提供数据支撑, 也可为深入研究刺参活性物质的提取制备及作用功效提供理论依据。
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2025年第16卷第10期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250213001
  • 接收时间:2025-02-13
  • 首发时间:2025-07-15
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-13
基金
烟台市海珍品质量安全控制与精深加工重点实验室开放基金项目(QSCDP202313)
山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-22-08)
山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-26-05)
烟台市科技计划项目(2023YD089)
烟台市科技计划项目(2023YD090)
作者信息
    1.山东省海洋资源与环境研究院, 烟台市海珍品质量安全控制与精深加工重点实验室, 烟台 264006
    2.烟台文化旅游职业学院, 烟台 264003

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* 韩典峰(1987—), 男, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为水产品质量与安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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