Article(id=1153433694049133409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250123003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737561600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929622422, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929622422, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929622422, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929622422, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433686872679135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929620712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757656380159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1173259152974561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1173259152978756047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=289, endPage=296, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433694632141674, articleId=1153433694049133409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Quality, safety and authenticity analysis of beef jerky from Inner Mongolia region, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To study of the quality, safety and authenticity analysis of beef jerky in Inner Mongolia region. Methods This study used 114 beef jerky samples from 7 categories of food supervision and sampling inspection and enterprise entrusted inspection in Inner Mongolia region 2017 to 2024 as experimental samples, and used 23 national food safety standards to comprehensively analyze their nutritional components, heavy, food additives, veterinary drug residues, microorganisms, animal source and other 23 quality and safety parameters. Results The protein content and energy of 114 samples of Inner Mongolia beef jerky were (44.26±7.19) kJ/100 g and (1450.13±536.11) kJ/100 g, respectively, but the content of fat and moisture varied greatly, the fat content of Y-2 fried beef jerky and Y-5 fat and lean beefky was significantly higher than other samples, and the moisture content of Y-2 fried beef jerky was significantly lower than other samples lead (detected in 6/25 samples), chromium (detected in 22/25 samples), cadmium (detected in 2/25), nitrite (detected in 5/18 samples), benzoic acid (not in all 37 samples), sorbic acid (detected in 2/37 samples), sodium diacetate (detected in 4/37 samples), carmine (not detected in all 18 samples), sodium saccharin (not detected in all 20 samples), clenbuterol (not in all 19 samples), ractopamine (not detected in all 19 samples), salbutamol (not detected in all 10), total bacterial count (50 samples, 9 of which were less than 10 CFU/g, and 3 were greater than 104 CFU/g), and coliform group (all 50 samples were <10 CFU/g) were all in compliance with the limit requirements of the National Food Safety Standards; 12 samples tested were found to be of bovine origin, and no porcine origin detected. Conclusion The beef jerky in Inner Mongolia has the characteristics of high protein and high energy, and the heavy metal, food additives, veterinary drug residues, microbial indicators all meet the national food safety standards and there is no pork adulteration, showing a high level of quality safety. The moisture and fat content vary greatly which may be related to the processing technology of frying, roasting and air-drying of Inner Mongolia beef jerky and the raw materials.

, correspAuthors=Liang GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Dong-Yu WANG, Guo-Qiang LIU, Chun-Dong LI, Ri HU, Jing MA, Yue GU, Liang GUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433706212614382, articleId=1153433694049133409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=内蒙古地区牛肉干的质量和安全以及真实性分析, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究内蒙古地区牛肉干的质量和安全以及真实性分析。方法 本研究以2017—2024年内蒙古地区食品监督抽检和企业委托送检的7类114个牛肉干为试验样品, 采用23个食品安全国家标准对其营养成分、重金属、食品添加剂、兽药残留、微生物、动物源性等23个质量安全参数进行全面分析。结果 8份内蒙古牛肉干样品蛋白质含量和能量分别为(44.26±7.19) g/100 g、(1450.13±536.11) kJ/100 g, 但脂肪和水分的含量差异较大, Y-2号油炸型牛肉干和Y-5号肥瘦型牛肉干的脂肪含量明显高于其他样品, 且Y-2号油炸型牛肉干的水分含量明显低于其他样品; 铅(6/25份检出)、铬(22/25份检出)、镉(2/25份检出)、亚硝酸盐(5/18份检出)、苯甲酸(37份均未检出)、山梨酸(2/37份检出)、脱氢乙酸(4/37份检出)、胭脂红(18份均未检出)、糖精钠(20份均未检出)、克伦特罗(19份均未检出)、莱克多巴胺(19份均未检出)、沙丁胺醇(19份均未检出)、菌落总数(50个样品, 其中9个小于10 CFU/g, 3个大于104 CFU/g)、大肠菌群(50个样品均小于10 CFU/g), 检测结果均符合食品安全国家标准限值要求; 12份样品均检测出牛源性, 未检测出猪源性。结论 内蒙古地区牛肉干具有高蛋白、高能量的特点, 重金属、食品添加剂、兽药残留、微生物指标均符合食品安全国家标准且无猪肉掺假, 展现出较高的质量安全水平。水分、脂肪含量差异较大, 可能与内蒙古牛肉干炸制、烤制和风干的加工工艺以及原料有关。

, correspAuthors=郭梁, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 郭梁(1986—), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为锡林郭勒动植物和微生物资源研究与开发。E-mail:
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王东玉(1989—), 女, 硕士, 中级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品检验检测和微生物学。E-mail:

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2. Xilingol Food Science and Testing Experimental Center (Xilingol Agricultural and Animal Products Testing Center), Xilinhot 026000, China
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2.锡林郭勒盟食品科学与检测实验中心(锡林郭勒盟农畜产品检验检测中心), 锡林浩特 026000
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(2024-01-01) [2025-01-05]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/2024/indexch.htm, articleTitle=2024年中国统计年鉴, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1173310981808730550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/2024/indexch.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. China Statistical Yearbook, 2024[EB/OL]. (2024-01-01) [2025-01-05]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/2024/indexch.htm, articleTitle=China Statistical Yearbook, 2024, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1173310981867450807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=1, issue=9, pageStart=1, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=涂宝峰, journalName=肉类工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=涂宝峰. 浅析肉制品行业现状与肉制品加工的发展趋势[J]. 肉类工业, 2022, 1(9): 1-5., articleTitle=浅析肉制品行业现状与肉制品加工的发展趋势, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1173310981913588152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=1, issue=9, pageStart=1, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=TU BF, journalName=Meat Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TU BF. 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Xilingol League Shepherd’s Milk Baby Industrial and Trade Co., Ltd., Xilinhot 026000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173310974951043434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, companyId=1173310974934266215, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.锡林郭勒盟牧人奶娃娃工贸有限公司, 锡林浩特 026000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1173310977920610723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Detection of bovine-derived components based on real-time fluorescence PCR, figureFileSmall=hG6iCKG2GHAxIhHOUBzNGA==, figureFileBig=AtiFEcyrVBNx3Oi7CblHoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173310978000302500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于实时荧光PCR的牛源性成分检测, figureFileSmall=hG6iCKG2GHAxIhHOUBzNGA==, figureFileBig=AtiFEcyrVBNx3Oi7CblHoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173310978059022757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Detection of porcine-derived components based on real-time fluorescence PCR, figureFileSmall=jKSFCA8LzzUUOhwHoqMFUw==, figureFileBig=vRxAmTebC40U9ubT0DoO+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173310978117743014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于实时荧光PCR的猪源性成分检测, figureFileSmall=jKSFCA8LzzUUOhwHoqMFUw==, figureFileBig=vRxAmTebC40U9ubT0DoO+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173310978197434791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Reference standards for beef jerky inspection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标准分类 标准名称
食品安全
国家标准
产品标准 GB 2726—2016
通用标准 GB 2762—2022
GB 2760—2024
GB 29921—2021
检验方法
标准
GB 5009.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》
GB 5009.5—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》
GB 5009.6—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》
GB 5009.4—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》
GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》
GB 28050—2011《食品安全国家标准 预包装食品营养标签通则》
GB 5009.12—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中铅的测定》
GB 5009.15—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中镉的测定》
GB 5009.123—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中铬的测定》
食品安全
国家标准
检验方法
标准
GB 5009.33—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中亚硝酸盐与硝酸盐的测定》
GB 5009.28—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠的测定》
GB 5009.121—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脱氢乙酸的测定》
GB 5009.35—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中合成着色剂的测定》
SN/T 3235—2012《出口动物源食品中多类禁用药物残留量检测方法 液相色谱-质谱/质谱法》
GB 4789.2—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》
GB 4789.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 大肠菌群计数》
GB/T 38164—2019《常见畜禽动物源性成分检测方法 实时荧光PCR法》
SN/T 2980—2011《动物产品中牛、山羊和绵羊源性成分三重实时荧光PCR检测方法》
推荐性
标准
GB/T 23969—2022
), ArticleFig(id=1173310978285515176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

牛肉干检测参照标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标准分类 标准名称
食品安全
国家标准
产品标准 GB 2726—2016
通用标准 GB 2762—2022
GB 2760—2024
GB 29921—2021
检验方法
标准
GB 5009.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》
GB 5009.5—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》
GB 5009.6—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》
GB 5009.4—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》
GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》
GB 28050—2011《食品安全国家标准 预包装食品营养标签通则》
GB 5009.12—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中铅的测定》
GB 5009.15—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中镉的测定》
GB 5009.123—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中铬的测定》
食品安全
国家标准
检验方法
标准
GB 5009.33—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中亚硝酸盐与硝酸盐的测定》
GB 5009.28—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠的测定》
GB 5009.121—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脱氢乙酸的测定》
GB 5009.35—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中合成着色剂的测定》
SN/T 3235—2012《出口动物源食品中多类禁用药物残留量检测方法 液相色谱-质谱/质谱法》
GB 4789.2—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》
GB 4789.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 大肠菌群计数》
GB/T 38164—2019《常见畜禽动物源性成分检测方法 实时荧光PCR法》
SN/T 2980—2011《动物产品中牛、山羊和绵羊源性成分三重实时荧光PCR检测方法》
推荐性
标准
GB/T 23969—2022
), ArticleFig(id=1173310978352624041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Detection results of beef jerky nutritional components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数/样品编号 品类 蛋白质/(g/100 g) 脂肪
/(g/100 g)
水分
/(g/100 g)
灰分
/(g/100 g)
碳水化合物/(g/100 g) 能量/(kJ/100 g)
/(mg/kg)
Y-1 未知 35.9 20.20 39.60 3.20 1.10 1376 6.93×103
Y-2 油炸牛肉干 50.3 38.40 7.61 2.80 0.89 2291 1.76×103
Y-3 未知 43.8 8.65 40.90 3.70 3.00 1116 4.14×102
Y-4 未知 39.2 14.90 34.00 3.54 8.40 1361 4.72×102
Y-5 肥瘦牛肉干 34.3 45.10 16.90 1.86 1.80 2282 5.41×102
Y-6 风干牛肉干 51.6 4.40 39.90 3.90 0.20 1043 7.92×103
Y-7 手撕牛肉干 46.2 4.40 45.60 3.70 0.10 950 7.08×103
Y-8 未知 52.8 7.70 35.00 4.50 0 1182 1.02×104
), ArticleFig(id=1173310978423927210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

牛肉干营养成分检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数/样品编号 品类 蛋白质/(g/100 g) 脂肪
/(g/100 g)
水分
/(g/100 g)
灰分
/(g/100 g)
碳水化合物/(g/100 g) 能量/(kJ/100 g)
/(mg/kg)
Y-1 未知 35.9 20.20 39.60 3.20 1.10 1376 6.93×103
Y-2 油炸牛肉干 50.3 38.40 7.61 2.80 0.89 2291 1.76×103
Y-3 未知 43.8 8.65 40.90 3.70 3.00 1116 4.14×102
Y-4 未知 39.2 14.90 34.00 3.54 8.40 1361 4.72×102
Y-5 肥瘦牛肉干 34.3 45.10 16.90 1.86 1.80 2282 5.41×102
Y-6 风干牛肉干 51.6 4.40 39.90 3.90 0.20 1043 7.92×103
Y-7 手撕牛肉干 46.2 4.40 45.60 3.70 0.10 950 7.08×103
Y-8 未知 52.8 7.70 35.00 4.50 0 1182 1.02×104
), ArticleFig(id=1173310978491036075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Detection results of beef jerky heavy metals (mg/kg)

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参数/样品编号
Z-1 / / /
Z-2 / 0.075 /
Z-3 / 0.055 /
Z-4 / 0.084 /
Z-5 / / /
Z-6 0.11 0.180 /
Z-7 0.11 0.240 /
Z-8 / 0.590 /
Z-9 / 0.043 /
Z-10 / 0.230 /
Z-11 / 0.048 /
Z-12 / 0.059 /
Z-13 / 0.120 /
Z-14 / 0.044 /
Z-15 / 0.032 /
Z-16 / 0.090 /
Z-17 / 0.160 /
Z-18 / 0.240 0.0011
Z-19 0.16 0.150 0.0083
Z-20 / 0.140 /
Z-21 / 0.041 /
Z-22 0.16 0.089 /
Z-23 0.22 0.051 /
Z-24 0.06 0.043 /
Z-25 / / /
), ArticleFig(id=1173310978583310764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

牛肉干重金属的检测结果(mg/kg)

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参数/样品编号
Z-1 / / /
Z-2 / 0.075 /
Z-3 / 0.055 /
Z-4 / 0.084 /
Z-5 / / /
Z-6 0.11 0.180 /
Z-7 0.11 0.240 /
Z-8 / 0.590 /
Z-9 / 0.043 /
Z-10 / 0.230 /
Z-11 / 0.048 /
Z-12 / 0.059 /
Z-13 / 0.120 /
Z-14 / 0.044 /
Z-15 / 0.032 /
Z-16 / 0.090 /
Z-17 / 0.160 /
Z-18 / 0.240 0.0011
Z-19 0.16 0.150 0.0083
Z-20 / 0.140 /
Z-21 / 0.041 /
Z-22 0.16 0.089 /
Z-23 0.22 0.051 /
Z-24 0.06 0.043 /
Z-25 / / /
), ArticleFig(id=1173310978658808237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Test items, sampling plan and limit

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类别 检测项目 采样方案a及限量 检验方法
n c m M
指示菌 菌落总数/(CFU/g) 5 2 104 105 GB 4789.2—2022
大肠菌群/(CFU/g) 5 2 10 102 GB 4789.3—2016
), ArticleFig(id=1173310978717528494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

检测项目、采样方案及限量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 检测项目 采样方案a及限量 检验方法
n c m M
指示菌 菌落总数/(CFU/g) 5 2 104 105 GB 4789.2—2022
大肠菌群/(CFU/g) 5 2 10 102 GB 4789.3—2016
), ArticleFig(id=1173310978809803183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Detection results of total bacterial count and coliform group in beef jerky (CFU/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数/样品编号 菌落总数 大肠菌群
W-1 1.7×102 1.4×102 1.2×102 1.1×102 1.3×102 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-2 <10 5 <10 60 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-3 <10 10 10 5 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-4 1.3×103 80 3.6×104 80 4.7×102 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-5 55 1.0×102 35 1.4×102 80 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-6 1.6×102 50 1.0×102 1.4×102 2.9×102 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-7 5.4×102 50 65 1.1×103 9.8×102 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-8 6.1×102 1.2×104 5.0×103 1.2×103 2.4×104 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-9 5.2×102 70 1.5×102 3.3×102 1.2×102 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
), ArticleFig(id=1173310978902077872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433694049133409, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

牛肉干菌落总数、大肠菌群的检测结果(CFU/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数/样品编号 菌落总数 大肠菌群
W-1 1.7×102 1.4×102 1.2×102 1.1×102 1.3×102 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-2 <10 5 <10 60 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-3 <10 10 10 5 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-4 1.3×103 80 3.6×104 80 4.7×102 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-5 55 1.0×102 35 1.4×102 80 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-6 1.6×102 50 1.0×102 1.4×102 2.9×102 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-7 5.4×102 50 65 1.1×103 9.8×102 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-8 6.1×102 1.2×104 5.0×103 1.2×103 2.4×104 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-9 5.2×102 70 1.5×102 3.3×102 1.2×102 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
W-10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
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内蒙古地区牛肉干的质量和安全以及真实性分析
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王东玉 1, 2 , 刘国强 1, 3 , 李春冬 1, 3 , 呼日 1, 3 , 马静 1, 3 , 古越 4 , 郭梁 1, 2, 3, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(7): 289-296
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(7): 289-296
内蒙古地区牛肉干的质量和安全以及真实性分析
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王东玉1, 2 , 刘国强1, 3, 李春冬1, 3, 呼日1, 3, 马静1, 3, 古越4, 郭梁1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.锡林郭勒职业学院草畜系, 锡林浩特 026000
  • 2.锡林郭勒盟食品科学与检测实验中心(锡林郭勒盟农畜产品检验检测中心), 锡林浩特 026000
  • 3.锡林郭勒生物工程研究院, 锡林浩特 026000
  • 4.锡林郭勒盟牧人奶娃娃工贸有限公司, 锡林浩特 026000
  • 王东玉(1989—), 女, 硕士, 中级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品检验检测和微生物学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 郭梁(1986—), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为锡林郭勒动植物和微生物资源研究与开发。E-mail:
Quality, safety and authenticity analysis of beef jerky from Inner Mongolia region
Dong-Yu WANG1, 2 , Guo-Qiang LIU1, 3, Chun-Dong LI1, 3, Ri HU1, 3, Jing MA1, 3, Yue GU4, Liang GUO1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Department of Grass and Livestock, Xilingol Vocational College, Xilinhot 026000, China
  • 2. Xilingol Food Science and Testing Experimental Center (Xilingol Agricultural and Animal Products Testing Center), Xilinhot 026000, China
  • 3. Xilingol Institute of Bioengineering, Xilinhot 026000, China
  • 4. Xilingol League Shepherd’s Milk Baby Industrial and Trade Co., Ltd., Xilinhot 026000, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250123003
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目的 研究内蒙古地区牛肉干的质量和安全以及真实性分析。方法 本研究以2017—2024年内蒙古地区食品监督抽检和企业委托送检的7类114个牛肉干为试验样品, 采用23个食品安全国家标准对其营养成分、重金属、食品添加剂、兽药残留、微生物、动物源性等23个质量安全参数进行全面分析。结果 8份内蒙古牛肉干样品蛋白质含量和能量分别为(44.26±7.19) g/100 g、(1450.13±536.11) kJ/100 g, 但脂肪和水分的含量差异较大, Y-2号油炸型牛肉干和Y-5号肥瘦型牛肉干的脂肪含量明显高于其他样品, 且Y-2号油炸型牛肉干的水分含量明显低于其他样品; 铅(6/25份检出)、铬(22/25份检出)、镉(2/25份检出)、亚硝酸盐(5/18份检出)、苯甲酸(37份均未检出)、山梨酸(2/37份检出)、脱氢乙酸(4/37份检出)、胭脂红(18份均未检出)、糖精钠(20份均未检出)、克伦特罗(19份均未检出)、莱克多巴胺(19份均未检出)、沙丁胺醇(19份均未检出)、菌落总数(50个样品, 其中9个小于10 CFU/g, 3个大于104 CFU/g)、大肠菌群(50个样品均小于10 CFU/g), 检测结果均符合食品安全国家标准限值要求; 12份样品均检测出牛源性, 未检测出猪源性。结论 内蒙古地区牛肉干具有高蛋白、高能量的特点, 重金属、食品添加剂、兽药残留、微生物指标均符合食品安全国家标准且无猪肉掺假, 展现出较高的质量安全水平。水分、脂肪含量差异较大, 可能与内蒙古牛肉干炸制、烤制和风干的加工工艺以及原料有关。

内蒙古地区牛肉干  /  营养成分  /  重金属  /  食品添加剂  /  兽药残留  /  微生物  /  牛猪源性

Objective To study of the quality, safety and authenticity analysis of beef jerky in Inner Mongolia region. Methods This study used 114 beef jerky samples from 7 categories of food supervision and sampling inspection and enterprise entrusted inspection in Inner Mongolia region 2017 to 2024 as experimental samples, and used 23 national food safety standards to comprehensively analyze their nutritional components, heavy, food additives, veterinary drug residues, microorganisms, animal source and other 23 quality and safety parameters. Results The protein content and energy of 114 samples of Inner Mongolia beef jerky were (44.26±7.19) kJ/100 g and (1450.13±536.11) kJ/100 g, respectively, but the content of fat and moisture varied greatly, the fat content of Y-2 fried beef jerky and Y-5 fat and lean beefky was significantly higher than other samples, and the moisture content of Y-2 fried beef jerky was significantly lower than other samples lead (detected in 6/25 samples), chromium (detected in 22/25 samples), cadmium (detected in 2/25), nitrite (detected in 5/18 samples), benzoic acid (not in all 37 samples), sorbic acid (detected in 2/37 samples), sodium diacetate (detected in 4/37 samples), carmine (not detected in all 18 samples), sodium saccharin (not detected in all 20 samples), clenbuterol (not in all 19 samples), ractopamine (not detected in all 19 samples), salbutamol (not detected in all 10), total bacterial count (50 samples, 9 of which were less than 10 CFU/g, and 3 were greater than 104 CFU/g), and coliform group (all 50 samples were <10 CFU/g) were all in compliance with the limit requirements of the National Food Safety Standards; 12 samples tested were found to be of bovine origin, and no porcine origin detected. Conclusion The beef jerky in Inner Mongolia has the characteristics of high protein and high energy, and the heavy metal, food additives, veterinary drug residues, microbial indicators all meet the national food safety standards and there is no pork adulteration, showing a high level of quality safety. The moisture and fat content vary greatly which may be related to the processing technology of frying, roasting and air-drying of Inner Mongolia beef jerky and the raw materials.

beef jerky from Inner Mongolia  /  nutritional components  /  heavy metals  /  food additives  /  veterinary drug residues  /  microorganisms  /  bovine and porcine-derived
王东玉, 刘国强, 李春冬, 呼日, 马静, 古越, 郭梁. 内蒙古地区牛肉干的质量和安全以及真实性分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (7) : 289 -296 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250123003
Dong-Yu WANG, Guo-Qiang LIU, Chun-Dong LI, Ri HU, Jing MA, Yue GU, Liang GUO. Quality, safety and authenticity analysis of beef jerky from Inner Mongolia region[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (7) : 289 -296 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250123003
我国是肉制品生产和消费大国。根据国家统计局数据显示2019—2023年, 我国的肉类产量分别为7758.8、7748.4、8990.0、9328.4、9748.2万t, 稳居世界第一, 我国居民人均肉类消费量2019—2023年分别为26.9、24.8、32.9、34.6、39.8 kg[1]。而牛肉是我国畜牧业的重要组成部分之一, 2019—2021年在非洲猪瘟以及疫情的双重冲击下牛肉成为较好的替代品, 牛肉及其牛肉制品需求也逐步上涨[2]。根据国家统计局编制的2024年中国统计年鉴的数据显示, 2019—2023年我国牛肉产量分别为667.3、672.4、697.5、718.3、752.7万t, 我国居民人均牛肉消费量2019—2023年分别为2.2、2.3、2.5、2.5、3.1 kg[1]。牛肉及其牛肉制品市场随着经济形式的上涨, 消费者对牛肉制品的品质、风味提出新的要求, 使其市场面临新的挑战和机遇[3]
内蒙古牛肉产业是内蒙古自治区畜牧业的重要组成部分, 现已成为中国最大的牛肉产区, 同时内蒙古自治区牛肉产业的发展也具有区域特色[4]。早在800多年前, 一代天骄成吉思汗伐兵西征, 为减少军队途中的辎重, 将牛肉风干后食用, 既方便携带又保留了牛肉中所含的各种营养物质, 被誉为“成吉思汗的军粮”[5]。这一传统一直延续至今, 牛肉干依靠其便于携带, 短时间迅速补充能量、营养成分含量丰富和被大众接受喜欢的口味等特点, 受到消费者的青睐, 成为当地的特色美食, 也成为肉干制品中的首选之一[3]。但由于区域间口味需求差异较大, 不同地区品牌的牛肉干随着时代正在不断迭代更新[6]。内蒙古牛肉干也推出了炸制、烤制、风干等品类, 以其独特的风味和制作工艺, 成为该地区的特色美食, 赢得了广大消费者的喜爱。这些牛肉干产品不仅代表了内蒙古丰富的草原文化和畜牧业传统, 也成为了许多人品尝地方特色、满足味蕾享受的首选。
牛肉干是肉制品产业重要的增长极, 牛肉干的质量安全是保障肉制品行业健康平稳发展的重要方面[7]。国家市场监督总局发布的全国食品抽检数据显示, 2019—2023年肉制品的抽检不合格率分别为1.49% (2490/167409)[8-10]、1.26% (2224/177072)[11]、1.44% (866/59931)[12]、1.06% (1889/178007)[13]、0.81% (1473/182684)[14]。检测梳理牛肉干食品安全风险, 对做好监管工作至关重要。本研究通过对7类114个内蒙古市售牛肉干产品中营养成分、重金属、食品添加剂、兽药残留、微生物、动物源性指标进行检测, 全面展示内蒙地区牛肉干的面貌, 分析内蒙古牛肉干的质量安全和真实性。目前, 牛肉干检测参考的标准是GB 2726—2016《食品安全国家标准 熟肉制品》和GB/T 23969—2022《肉干质量通则》。而GB 2726—2016中没有对牛肉干的理化指标做出明确规定, GB/T 23969—2022中虽对理化指标有明确规定, 但仅限于煮制类和蒸烤类两种工艺的肉干, 并没有油炸类和风干类, 无法覆盖内蒙古牛肉干所有品类。不同品类的牛肉干对生产条件的要求也不同, 牛肉干的生产工艺和原辅料都会对其理化指标(如水分、脂肪)有直接影响, 而这些理化指标又直接决定了牛肉干的品质、口感和食用安全性[15]。通过本研究为相关部门修订GB/T 23969—2022或针对内蒙古不同品类牛肉干制定理化指标含量明确的地方标准提供理论依据和有益借鉴。
2017—2024年企业送检和食品监督抽检内蒙古市售牛肉干7类114个样品, 其中未知品类牛肉干70个、风干类23个、肥瘦类6个、手撕类6个、超干类5个、烤制类3个、油炸类1个。对于检测微生物的样品按照GB 4789.1—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验总则》中采样方案进行采样。
氢氧化钠(分析纯, 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司); 盐酸(分析纯)、乙酸乙酯、甲醇(色谱纯)(天津市风船化学试剂科技有限公司); 硼酸、无水乙醚、乙酸镁、亚铁氰化钾、亚硝酸钠、硝酸钠(分析纯)、氨水(优级纯)(国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 甲基红、亚甲基蓝、溴甲酚绿(分析纯)、正己烷(色谱纯)(天津市北联精细化学品开发有限公司); 钙钾镁钠多元素标准溶液(质量浓度1000 μg/mL, 国家有色金属及电子材料分析测试中心); 铅、镉、铬(质量浓度1000 μg/mL, 北京海岸鸿蒙标准物质技术有限责任公司); 硝酸(分析纯, 上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司); 苯甲酸(质量浓度1003.4 μg/mL)、山梨酸(质量浓度998.7 μg/mL)、糖精钠(质量浓度1003.3 μg/mL)、胭脂红(纯度83.2%)、甲醇中3种β-受体激素内标混标溶液(质量浓度100.0 μg/mL)(天津阿尔塔科技有限公司); 脱氢乙酸(纯度99.5%, 北方伟业计量集团有限公司); 平板计数琼脂培养基、结晶紫中性红胆盐琼脂培养基(北京陆桥技术股份有限公司); TaKaRa MiniBEST Universal Genomic DNA Extraction Kit Ver.5.0(宝生物工程大连有限公司); TransStart Probe qPCR SuperMix(北京全式金生物技术有限公司); 实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)引物和探针合成(北京睿博兴科公司)。
202-3A电热恒温干燥箱(天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司); K13全自动凯氏定氮仪(上海晟声自动化分析仪器有限公司); Nexion 350Q电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(美国PE公司); ICE3500原子吸收光谱仪、Ultimate 3000高效液相色谱仪、TRACE-1300气相色谱仪、IGS400恒温培养箱(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); UV9100A紫外可见分光光度计(北京市莱伯泰科仪器有限公司); LCMS-8040液相色谱质谱联用仪(日本岛津仪器有限公司); MLS-3751L-P压力蒸汽灭菌器(松下健康医疗器械株式会社); BSC-1360IIA2生物安全柜(北京东联哈尔仪器有限公司); Centrifuge 5418R高速台式离心机(德国Eppendorf AG公司); 7300 plus实时荧光PCR扩增仪(美国ABI公司)。
牛肉干检测相关标准详见表1, 其中GB 2726—2016是强制执行的国家标准, 其中涉及的污染物、食品添加剂、致病菌部分均引用食品通用标准规定。污染物限量符合GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》, 食品添加剂限量符合GB 2760—2024《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》, 致病菌限量符合GB 29921—2021《食品安全国家标准 预包装食品中致病菌限量》。
微生物检测每个样品按照5份记录实验数据,实验数据采用Microsoft Excel 2016进行整理, 以平均值±标准偏差表示。
本研究对内蒙古地区8份牛肉干进行了脂肪、蛋白质、水分、灰分、碳水化合物、能量和钠7种营养成分的检测, 结果如表2所示。
8份牛肉干蛋白质含量均大于30 g/100 g, 平均值为(44.26±7.19) g/100 g, 符合GB/T 23969—2022中蛋白质含量大于等于30 g/100 g的要求, 甚至高达52.8 g/100 g, 说明内蒙古牛肉干蛋白质含量高。由表2可知, 8份牛肉干平均能量高达(1450.13±536.11) kJ/100 g, 这使得牛肉干成为在运动或工作中需要快速补充能量时的理想选择。然而, 相比蛋白质含量, 8份牛肉干中脂肪和水分含量有较大差异。参照GB/T 23969—2022, 牛肉干脂肪含量相对较低(小于等于10 g/100 g), 煮制类肉干水分含量小于等于20 g/100 g, 蒸烤类肉干水分含量小于等于40 g/100 g。表2中Y-2为油炸牛肉干, 在油炸过程中牛肉会吸收油中的脂肪, 使得其脂肪含量显著增加。牛肉与加热后的油接触, 由于二者温差极大, 牛肉中的水分会大量蒸发。随着油炸时间的延长, 牛肉干中的水分含量会显著降低。所以Y-2较其他样品脂肪含量高, 水分含量低。Y-5号样品为肥瘦牛肉干, 而牛肉的部位直接影响其脂肪含量。例如, 前腿瘦肉相较于其他部位, 通常含有较低的脂肪, 而肥肉部位通常脂肪含量较高, 所以Y-5号样品含有较高脂肪。由此可见, 内蒙古牛肉干脂肪和水分含量具有较大差异的原因可能与原料(肉部位)、加工工艺(炸制、烤制或风干)等因素有关。调研发现GB 2726—2016中没有对牛肉干的理化指标做出明确规定, GB/T 23969—2022中虽对理化指标有明确规定, 但仅限于煮制类和蒸烤类两种工艺的肉干, 并没有油炸类和风干类, 无法覆盖内蒙古牛肉干所有品类。不同品类的牛肉干对生产条件的要求也不同, 牛肉干的生产工艺和原辅料都会对其理化指标(如水分、脂肪)有直接影响, 而这些理化指标又直接决定了牛肉干的品质、口感和食用安全性[15]
本研究从污染物、食品添加剂、兽药残留、微生物4个方面对牛肉干进行质量和安全试验分析。
本研究对内蒙古地区25份牛肉干样品进行了铅、铬、镉的检测。由表3检测数据可知, 其中6份检出铅, 22份检出铬, 2份检出镉, 按照GB 2762—2022中规定的铅限量0.3 mg/kg、铬限量1.0 mg/kg、镉限量0.1 mg/kg, 均符合国家安全标准。由此可知, 市面牛肉干产品中重金属指标风险表现为铬>铅>镉, 与李庆丰等[16]研究结果一致。
(1)亚硝酸盐
本研究对内蒙古地区18份牛肉干样品进行了亚硝酸盐的检测, 其中13份样品未检出, 5份样品检出, 检出值分别为2.9、4.3、3.5、1.4、1.4 mg/kg, 符合GB 2760—2024亚硝酸盐残留量小于等于30 mg/kg规定限值。
(2)苯甲酸、山梨酸和脱氢乙酸
本研究对内蒙古地区37份牛肉干样品进行了苯甲酸、山梨酸和脱氢乙酸的检测。其中苯甲酸均未检出; 2份检出山梨酸, 检出值分别为0.0288 g/kg、0.00884 g/kg; 4份检出脱氢乙酸, 检出值分别为0.0162、0.0104、0.0283、0.00713 g/kg, 符合GB 2760—2024山梨酸小于等于0.075 g/kg、脱氢乙酸小于等于0.5 g/kg规定限值。
(3)着色剂和甜味剂
胭脂红, 又名色素1号, 是一种偶氮类有机化合物, 在体内经代谢易生成β-萘胺和α-氨基-1-萘酚等具有强烈致癌性的物质[17]。GB 2760—2024中不允许在肉制品中添加胭脂红等合成色素, 一些厂家为了掩盖劣质不新鲜原料肉的色泽, 肉制品中违规使用胭脂红等合成色素[18]。本研究对内蒙古地区18份牛肉干样品进行了胭脂红的检测, 均未检出, 符合GB 2760—2024规定。糖精钠是人工合成甜味剂, 因其甜度高, 且不产生热量, 被广泛应用于食品加工中[19-20]。但糖精钠除了带来甜的味觉外, 无任何营养作用, 且大量使用还有一定的毒性[21]。本研究对内蒙古地区20份牛肉干样品进行了糖精钠的检测, 均未检出, 符合GB 2760—2024规定。
本研究对内蒙古地区19份牛肉干样品进行了克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇的检测, 均未检出。符合《中华人民共和国农业部公告第235号》[22]《中华人民共和国农业部公告第176号》[23]中对兽药残留的规定。
熟肉制品由于营养丰富, 在加工、运输及销售过程中一旦受到微生物污染极易引发食源性疾病[24]。菌落总数主要是作为判定食品被细菌污染程度的标记, 是反映肉制品被污染状况和腐败状况的重要指标, 在一定程度上标志着肉制品卫生质量的优劣[17]。大肠菌群是食品受到粪便污染的标志, 也是肠道致病菌污染食品的指示菌[25-26], 熟肉制品的大肠菌群超标严重, 提示可能受到人及温血动物肠道大肠菌群的污染。本研究按照表4中检测项目、采样方案及限量、检验方法对50个牛肉干样品(共10份, 每份5个样品)进行了微生物检测, 结果如表5所示, 10份样品的菌落总数范围从小于10 CFU/g到3.6×104 CFU/g, 大肠菌群数均小于10 CFU/g。按照GB 2726—2016, 结果均符合国标限量要求。而刘露等[24]、毛书奇等[27]对熟肉制品进行风险监测, 其中菌落总数和大肠菌群均有检出, 合格率在17.33%至70%之间, 说明熟肉制品的微生物指标合格率较低。
近年来, 肉类及其制品掺假现象成为我国食品行业突出问题之一[28]。在利益的驱使和科技的加持下[29], 很多商人投机取巧, 使用猪肉、鸭肉等低价位品种肉掺假到牛羊肉制品高价位食品中[30], 严重损害了消费者的身体健康和合法权益, 本研究对内蒙古地区12份牛肉干样品进行了牛源性和猪源性成分检测, 结果均检测出牛源性, 未检测出猪源性, 如图1图2所示。表明内蒙古市售牛肉干猪肉掺假概率低。
本研究对内蒙古牛肉干进行了营养成分、质量安全和真实性检测分析。结果表明内蒙古牛肉干具有高蛋白、高能量的特点, 是营养、便于携带、又能在短时间快速补充能量的休闲食品首选。所有牛肉干样品中重金属、食品添加剂、兽药残留、微生物指标均符合食品安全国家标准限量要求, 且无猪肉掺假, 结果表明内蒙古市售牛肉干产品达到较高的质量安全水平。水分、脂肪含量差异较大, 可能与内蒙古牛肉干炸制、烤制和风干的加工工艺以及原料有关。
内蒙古牛肉干是草原地区特色肉制品, 炸制、烤制和风干等工艺使其具有独特的油脂、炭烤和自然风味。这些牛肉干产品不仅满足了人们对美食的追求, 也成为了展示内蒙古草原饮食文化和绿色农畜产品的重要载体。然而, 本研究中发现内蒙地区牛肉干的质量参数差异较大, 但是执行的标准基本都是GB 2726—2016, 没有执行GB/T 23969—2022。调研发现GB 2726—2016中没有对牛肉干的理化指标做出明确规定, GB/T 23969—2022中虽对理化指标有明确规定, 但仅限于煮制类和蒸烤类两种工艺的肉干, 并没有油炸类和风干类, 无法覆盖内蒙古牛肉干所有品类。本研究建议相关单位、检测机构、行业协会和大型企业联合修订GB/T 23969—2022或针对内蒙古不同品类牛肉干制定理化指标含量明确的地方标准, 规范内蒙古牛肉干的生产和销售市场, 提高产品质量和安全性, 推动内蒙古不同地区不同类型牛肉干标准化和品牌化。
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2025年第16卷第7期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250123003
  • 接收时间:2025-01-23
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-23
基金
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024FX26)
内蒙古自治区社会科学院分院课题项目(2024SKYFY052)
锡林浩特市科技计划项目(202403)
作者信息
    1.锡林郭勒职业学院草畜系, 锡林浩特 026000
    2.锡林郭勒盟食品科学与检测实验中心(锡林郭勒盟农畜产品检验检测中心), 锡林浩特 026000
    3.锡林郭勒生物工程研究院, 锡林浩特 026000
    4.锡林郭勒盟牧人奶娃娃工贸有限公司, 锡林浩特 026000

通讯作者:

* 郭梁(1986—), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为锡林郭勒动植物和微生物资源研究与开发。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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