Article(id=1153433637547660018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250114001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736784000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929608952, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929608952, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929608952, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929608952, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433633999282214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929608105, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758086445549, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=106, endPage=113, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433638134862600, articleId=1153433637547660018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of 24 kinds of β-blockers in eggs by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1153429495274000613, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Research and Detection of Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residue, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 24 kinds of β-blockers in eggs by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods The 80% acetonitrile aqueous solution was used as extraction solvent, QuEChERS was used as purification method, acetonitrile-saturated n-hexane was used for degreasing, Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used for gradient elution with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase. The ionization mode was spray positive ion mode, and quantitative analysis was performed using multiple reaction monitoring mode. The quantitative method was external standard. Results The 24 kinds of β-blockers in eggs showed a good linear relationship (r≥0.9963) in the concentration range. When the sample weight was 1 g (accurate to 0.001 g) and the final volume was 2 mL, the limit of detection was 3 μg/kg, and the limit of quantitation was 10 μg/kg. The average recoveries were 63.6%-108.0%, and the relative standard deviations (n=6) were 0.9%-7.4%. Conclusion This method has the advantages of simple operation, high accuracy, high sensitivity and good reproducibility, and can provide technical reference for the analysis of β-blocker in fresh eggs in daily life and sports events.

, correspAuthors=Zhuo LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhuo LI, Rui-Xue FENG, Ya-Qin HE, Ya-Feng ZHANG, Xiao SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433663602676433, articleId=1153433637547660018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测鸡蛋中24种β-受体阻滞剂类药物, columnId=1153429495479521513, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:农兽药残留研究与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测鸡蛋中24种β-受体阻滞剂类药物的方法。方法 使用80%乙腈水溶液提取目标物, QuEChERS法对提取液进行净化, 乙腈饱和正己烷除脂, 经Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm)色谱柱分离, 以0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相, 进行梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾离子源正离子电离模式, 使用多反应监测模式进行定量分析, 外标法定量。结果 鸡蛋基质中24种β-受体阻滞剂在考察浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r≥0.9963), 当称样量为1 g(精确至0.001 g), 定容体积为2 mL时, 方法检出限为3 μg/kg, 定量限为10 μg/kg, 平均加标回收率为63.6%~108.0%, 相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.9%~7.4%。结论 该方法操作简单, 回收率高, 灵敏度高, 重现性好, 可为日常及体育赛事中鲜鸡蛋中β-受体阻滞剂残留分析提供技术参考。

, correspAuthors=李卓, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李卓(1984—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品药品检验。E-mail:
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注: A、B: 索他洛尔; C、D: 纳多洛尔。

, figureFileSmall=mLQji/IGbtBJsSh3EdcOUg==, figureFileBig=r19Yk56pdPIIiKkaE7sJxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086881776742940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of extraction solvent on the recoveries of 24 kinds of β-blockers, figureFileSmall=oMSZd8iE88FjleRnpnswDg==, figureFileBig=yvHZXFT9siwObPcWNgPt+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086881902572063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=CN, label=图2, caption=提取溶剂对24种β-受体阻滞剂回收率的影响, figureFileSmall=oMSZd8iE88FjleRnpnswDg==, figureFileBig=yvHZXFT9siwObPcWNgPt+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086882024206882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of vortex time on the recoveries of 24 kinds of β-blockers, figureFileSmall=/jwQW08LPTTU01TIQhoBFQ==, figureFileBig=V4sgD37WKPxB+9CuT7X11Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086882120675877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=CN, label=图3, caption=涡旋时间对24种β-受体阻滞剂回收率的影响, figureFileSmall=/jwQW08LPTTU01TIQhoBFQ==, figureFileBig=V4sgD37WKPxB+9CuT7X11Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086882191979047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of reconstitution solvent on the recoveries of 24 kinds of β-blockers, figureFileSmall=Ah11VTESyCoRCJn3GvgCCA==, figureFileBig=3HxnjQX6sYTbqQf377VeHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086882309419561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=CN, label=图4, caption=复溶溶剂对24种β-受体阻滞剂回收率的影响, figureFileSmall=Ah11VTESyCoRCJn3GvgCCA==, figureFileBig=3HxnjQX6sYTbqQf377VeHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086882410082860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=MEs of 24 kinds of β-blockers, figureFileSmall=3smAclSng0dlxqWRNpB8zg==, figureFileBig=kxePdzzFKe0IGP4laFtmZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086882523329071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=CN, label=图5, caption=24种β-受体阻滞剂MEs, figureFileSmall=3smAclSng0dlxqWRNpB8zg==, figureFileBig=kxePdzzFKe0IGP4laFtmZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086882649158194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gradient elution conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0 95 5
16 40 60
17 95 5
20 95 5
), ArticleFig(id=1175086882795958837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0 95 5
16 40 60
17 95 5
20 95 5
), ArticleFig(id=1175086882875650616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Reference parameters of mass spectra of 24 kinds of β-blockers

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序号 化合物
名称
母离子(m/z) 子离子
(m/z)
碰撞能量/V 碎裂电压/V
1 吲哚洛尔 249.1 116.1* 17 120
56.1 37
2 阿普洛尔 250.2 72.1* 21 135
56.1 29
3 普萘洛尔 260.1 116.1* 17 140
56.1 33
4 氧烯洛尔 266.2 72.1* 21 120
116.1 17
5 美托洛尔 268.2 77.1* 73 130
56.1 65
6 索他洛尔 273.1 255.1* 13 100
133.1 29
7 左布诺洛尔 292.2 236.1* 17 180
56.1 33
8 喷布洛尔 292.2 236.1* 17 130
74.1 29
9 卡替洛尔 293.2 237.1* 17 120
202.0 25
10 艾司洛尔 296.2 145.0* 29 130
56.1 33
11 卡拉洛尔 299.2 116.1* 21 145
56.1 41
12 倍他洛尔 308.2 116.1* 23 85
55.0 37
13 美替洛尔 310.2 191.0* 25 145
116.1 25
14 纳多洛尔 310.2 254.1* 17 140
56.1 41
15 噻吗洛尔 317.2 261.1* 17 120
74.1 25
16 比索洛尔 326.0 74.1* 16 135
116.1 28
17 拉贝洛尔 329.2 311.2* 13 120
91.1 49
18 醋丁洛尔 337.2 56.1* 25 160
116.1 41
19 贝凡洛尔 346.2 165.0* 37 80
150.0 22
20 阿罗洛尔 372.1 316.1* 17 130
298.9 25
21 塞利洛尔 380.2 74.1* 25 155
251.0 33
22 奈必洛尔 406.2 151.1* 36 180
44.2 35
23 卡维地洛 407.2 100.1* 25 170
224.1 33
24 兰地洛尔 510.2 157.1* 41 195
143.1 41
), ArticleFig(id=1175086883047617083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

24种β-受体阻滞剂药物质谱参考参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 化合物
名称
母离子(m/z) 子离子
(m/z)
碰撞能量/V 碎裂电压/V
1 吲哚洛尔 249.1 116.1* 17 120
56.1 37
2 阿普洛尔 250.2 72.1* 21 135
56.1 29
3 普萘洛尔 260.1 116.1* 17 140
56.1 33
4 氧烯洛尔 266.2 72.1* 21 120
116.1 17
5 美托洛尔 268.2 77.1* 73 130
56.1 65
6 索他洛尔 273.1 255.1* 13 100
133.1 29
7 左布诺洛尔 292.2 236.1* 17 180
56.1 33
8 喷布洛尔 292.2 236.1* 17 130
74.1 29
9 卡替洛尔 293.2 237.1* 17 120
202.0 25
10 艾司洛尔 296.2 145.0* 29 130
56.1 33
11 卡拉洛尔 299.2 116.1* 21 145
56.1 41
12 倍他洛尔 308.2 116.1* 23 85
55.0 37
13 美替洛尔 310.2 191.0* 25 145
116.1 25
14 纳多洛尔 310.2 254.1* 17 140
56.1 41
15 噻吗洛尔 317.2 261.1* 17 120
74.1 25
16 比索洛尔 326.0 74.1* 16 135
116.1 28
17 拉贝洛尔 329.2 311.2* 13 120
91.1 49
18 醋丁洛尔 337.2 56.1* 25 160
116.1 41
19 贝凡洛尔 346.2 165.0* 37 80
150.0 22
20 阿罗洛尔 372.1 316.1* 17 130
298.9 25
21 塞利洛尔 380.2 74.1* 25 155
251.0 33
22 奈必洛尔 406.2 151.1* 36 180
44.2 35
23 卡维地洛 407.2 100.1* 25 170
224.1 33
24 兰地洛尔 510.2 157.1* 41 195
143.1 41
), ArticleFig(id=1175086883144086077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Linear equations, linear ranges, and correlation coefficients in egg matrix

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序号 化合物
名称
线性方程 线性范围/(μg/kg) 相关系数(r)
1 吲哚洛尔 Y=6455.66X+7813.73 2.0~200.0 0.9971
2 阿普洛尔 Y=3600.01X+2033.09 2.0~200.0 0.9983
3 普萘洛尔 Y=3605.51X+3247.83 2.0~200.0 0.9978
4 氧烯洛尔 Y=10753.98X+6117.53 2.0~200.0 0.9983
5 美托洛尔 Y=2041.76X+914.16 2.0~200.0 0.9985
6 索他洛尔 Y=4251.73X+6412.37 2.0~200.0 0.9968
7 左布诺洛尔 Y=6073.44X+4120.97 2.0~200.0 0.9979
8 喷布洛尔 Y=14265.58X+7485.04 2.0~200.0 0.9984
9 艾司洛尔 Y=3145.88X+1714.36 2.0~200.0 0.9986
10 卡拉洛尔 Y=6502.96X+7151.42 2.0~200.0 0.9972
11 纳多洛尔 Y=3427.84X+2055.16 2.0~200.0 0.9983
12 比索洛尔 Y=3461.12X+859.65 2.0~200.0 0.9994
13 拉贝洛尔 Y=3566.73X+1401.47 2.0~200.0 0.9990
14 醋丁洛尔 Y=1150.27X+1139.11 2.0~200.0 0.9980
15 贝凡洛尔 Y=5377.87X+5925.61 2.0~200.0 0.9971
16 阿罗洛尔 Y=4840.42X+4267.76 2.0~200.0 0.9974
17 塞利洛尔 Y=2514.74X+1432.08 2.0~200.0 0.9984
18 卡维地洛 Y=2915.25X+4436.79 2.0~200.0 0.9963
19 兰地洛尔 Y=3416.50X+2021.79 2.0~200.0 0.9974
20 倍他洛尔 Y=2483.61X+1471.59 2.0~200.0 0.9983
21 美替洛尔 Y=2639.79X+1434.45 2.0~200.0 0.9984
22 噻吗洛尔 Y=4912.61X+3469.16 2.0~200.0 0.9981
23 奈必洛尔 Y=3073.88X+3215.71 2.0~200.0 0.9980
24 卡替洛尔 Y=6427.74X+4957.42 2.0~200.0 0.9983
), ArticleFig(id=1175086883295081023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

鸡蛋基质中线性方程、线性范围及相关系数

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序号 化合物
名称
线性方程 线性范围/(μg/kg) 相关系数(r)
1 吲哚洛尔 Y=6455.66X+7813.73 2.0~200.0 0.9971
2 阿普洛尔 Y=3600.01X+2033.09 2.0~200.0 0.9983
3 普萘洛尔 Y=3605.51X+3247.83 2.0~200.0 0.9978
4 氧烯洛尔 Y=10753.98X+6117.53 2.0~200.0 0.9983
5 美托洛尔 Y=2041.76X+914.16 2.0~200.0 0.9985
6 索他洛尔 Y=4251.73X+6412.37 2.0~200.0 0.9968
7 左布诺洛尔 Y=6073.44X+4120.97 2.0~200.0 0.9979
8 喷布洛尔 Y=14265.58X+7485.04 2.0~200.0 0.9984
9 艾司洛尔 Y=3145.88X+1714.36 2.0~200.0 0.9986
10 卡拉洛尔 Y=6502.96X+7151.42 2.0~200.0 0.9972
11 纳多洛尔 Y=3427.84X+2055.16 2.0~200.0 0.9983
12 比索洛尔 Y=3461.12X+859.65 2.0~200.0 0.9994
13 拉贝洛尔 Y=3566.73X+1401.47 2.0~200.0 0.9990
14 醋丁洛尔 Y=1150.27X+1139.11 2.0~200.0 0.9980
15 贝凡洛尔 Y=5377.87X+5925.61 2.0~200.0 0.9971
16 阿罗洛尔 Y=4840.42X+4267.76 2.0~200.0 0.9974
17 塞利洛尔 Y=2514.74X+1432.08 2.0~200.0 0.9984
18 卡维地洛 Y=2915.25X+4436.79 2.0~200.0 0.9963
19 兰地洛尔 Y=3416.50X+2021.79 2.0~200.0 0.9974
20 倍他洛尔 Y=2483.61X+1471.59 2.0~200.0 0.9983
21 美替洛尔 Y=2639.79X+1434.45 2.0~200.0 0.9984
22 噻吗洛尔 Y=4912.61X+3469.16 2.0~200.0 0.9981
23 奈必洛尔 Y=3073.88X+3215.71 2.0~200.0 0.9980
24 卡替洛尔 Y=6427.74X+4957.42 2.0~200.0 0.9983
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Average recoveries and precision results (n=6)

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序号 名称 添加水平/(μg/kg) 平均回收率/% RSDs/%
1 吲哚洛尔 10 80.6 2.5
20 96.7 4.9
100 88.8 4.9
2 阿普罗尔 10 93.7 1.8
20 101.0 4.2
100 95.1 4.2
3 普萘洛尔 10 88.1 2.1
20 101.0 4.7
100 95.0 4.7
4 氧烯洛尔 10 90.2 1.3
20 97.9 4.9
100 93.8 4.9
5 美托洛尔 10 92.9 1.4
20 98.9 3.9
100 92.7 3.9
6 索他洛尔 10 63.6 3.0
20 76.1 5.5
100 80.9 5.5
7 左布诺洛尔 10 91.7 3.1
20 101.0 4.7
100 94.9 4.7
8 喷布洛尔 10 95.6 1.5
20 102.0 4.5
100 94.9 4.5
9 艾司洛尔 10 90.6 2.1
20 99.2 5.2
100 94.7 5.2
10 卡拉洛尔 10 86.4 2.0
20 100.0 4.9
100 96.9 4.9
11 纳多洛尔 10 65.1 2.5
20 71.4 5.1
100 69.9 5.1
12 比索洛尔 10 95.9 2.1
20 99.4 3.9
100 94.5 3.9
13 拉贝洛尔 10 92.1 1.1
20 96.2 5.6
100 97.2 5.6
14 醋丁洛尔 10 84.4 1.9
20 99.9 4.8
100 97.7 4.8
15 贝凡洛尔 10 85.0 1.5
20 98.9 5.1
100 97.4 5.1
16 阿罗洛尔 10 80.6 2.7
20 92.0 4.8
100 91.1 4.8
17 塞利洛尔 10 89.8 0.9
20 95.8 5.4
100 93.2 5.4
18 卡维地洛 10 84.4 1.8
20 103.0 5.7
100 101.0 5.7
19 兰地洛尔 10 76.8 2.6
20 78.3 7.4
100 94.5 7.4
20 倍他洛尔 10 92.5 2.0
20 100.0 4.1
100 95.0 4.1
21 美替洛尔 10 91.8 1.5
20 99.5 5.9
100 95.2 5.9
22 噻吗洛尔 10 89.9 3.1
20 99.9 4.9
100 94.4 4.9
23 奈必洛尔 10 96.1 2.2
20 108.0 5.7
100 101.0 5.7
24 卡替洛尔 10 74.9 1.9
20 84.4 4.2
100 78.9 4.2
), ArticleFig(id=1175086883475436101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433637547660018, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

添加回收率和精密度结果(n=6)

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序号 名称 添加水平/(μg/kg) 平均回收率/% RSDs/%
1 吲哚洛尔 10 80.6 2.5
20 96.7 4.9
100 88.8 4.9
2 阿普罗尔 10 93.7 1.8
20 101.0 4.2
100 95.1 4.2
3 普萘洛尔 10 88.1 2.1
20 101.0 4.7
100 95.0 4.7
4 氧烯洛尔 10 90.2 1.3
20 97.9 4.9
100 93.8 4.9
5 美托洛尔 10 92.9 1.4
20 98.9 3.9
100 92.7 3.9
6 索他洛尔 10 63.6 3.0
20 76.1 5.5
100 80.9 5.5
7 左布诺洛尔 10 91.7 3.1
20 101.0 4.7
100 94.9 4.7
8 喷布洛尔 10 95.6 1.5
20 102.0 4.5
100 94.9 4.5
9 艾司洛尔 10 90.6 2.1
20 99.2 5.2
100 94.7 5.2
10 卡拉洛尔 10 86.4 2.0
20 100.0 4.9
100 96.9 4.9
11 纳多洛尔 10 65.1 2.5
20 71.4 5.1
100 69.9 5.1
12 比索洛尔 10 95.9 2.1
20 99.4 3.9
100 94.5 3.9
13 拉贝洛尔 10 92.1 1.1
20 96.2 5.6
100 97.2 5.6
14 醋丁洛尔 10 84.4 1.9
20 99.9 4.8
100 97.7 4.8
15 贝凡洛尔 10 85.0 1.5
20 98.9 5.1
100 97.4 5.1
16 阿罗洛尔 10 80.6 2.7
20 92.0 4.8
100 91.1 4.8
17 塞利洛尔 10 89.8 0.9
20 95.8 5.4
100 93.2 5.4
18 卡维地洛 10 84.4 1.8
20 103.0 5.7
100 101.0 5.7
19 兰地洛尔 10 76.8 2.6
20 78.3 7.4
100 94.5 7.4
20 倍他洛尔 10 92.5 2.0
20 100.0 4.1
100 95.0 4.1
21 美替洛尔 10 91.8 1.5
20 99.5 5.9
100 95.2 5.9
22 噻吗洛尔 10 89.9 3.1
20 99.9 4.9
100 94.4 4.9
23 奈必洛尔 10 96.1 2.2
20 108.0 5.7
100 101.0 5.7
24 卡替洛尔 10 74.9 1.9
20 84.4 4.2
100 78.9 4.2
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超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测鸡蛋中24种β-受体阻滞剂类药物
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李卓 * , 冯瑞雪 , 何亚琴 , 张亚锋 , 孙晓
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:农兽药残留研究与检测 2025,16(6): 106-113
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:农兽药残留研究与检测 2025, 16(6): 106-113
超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测鸡蛋中24种β-受体阻滞剂类药物
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李卓* , 冯瑞雪, 何亚琴, 张亚锋, 孙晓
作者信息
  • 西安市食品药品检验所, 西安 710100

通讯作者:

* 李卓(1984—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品药品检验。E-mail:
Determination of 24 kinds of β-blockers in eggs by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Zhuo LI* , Rui-Xue FENG, Ya-Qin HE, Ya-Feng ZHANG, Xiao SUN
Affiliations
  • Xi’an Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi’an 710100, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250114001
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目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测鸡蛋中24种β-受体阻滞剂类药物的方法。方法 使用80%乙腈水溶液提取目标物, QuEChERS法对提取液进行净化, 乙腈饱和正己烷除脂, 经Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm)色谱柱分离, 以0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相, 进行梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾离子源正离子电离模式, 使用多反应监测模式进行定量分析, 外标法定量。结果 鸡蛋基质中24种β-受体阻滞剂在考察浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r≥0.9963), 当称样量为1 g(精确至0.001 g), 定容体积为2 mL时, 方法检出限为3 μg/kg, 定量限为10 μg/kg, 平均加标回收率为63.6%~108.0%, 相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.9%~7.4%。结论 该方法操作简单, 回收率高, 灵敏度高, 重现性好, 可为日常及体育赛事中鲜鸡蛋中β-受体阻滞剂残留分析提供技术参考。

鸡蛋  /  超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法  /  β-受体阻滞剂

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 24 kinds of β-blockers in eggs by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods The 80% acetonitrile aqueous solution was used as extraction solvent, QuEChERS was used as purification method, acetonitrile-saturated n-hexane was used for degreasing, Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used for gradient elution with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase. The ionization mode was spray positive ion mode, and quantitative analysis was performed using multiple reaction monitoring mode. The quantitative method was external standard. Results The 24 kinds of β-blockers in eggs showed a good linear relationship (r≥0.9963) in the concentration range. When the sample weight was 1 g (accurate to 0.001 g) and the final volume was 2 mL, the limit of detection was 3 μg/kg, and the limit of quantitation was 10 μg/kg. The average recoveries were 63.6%-108.0%, and the relative standard deviations (n=6) were 0.9%-7.4%. Conclusion This method has the advantages of simple operation, high accuracy, high sensitivity and good reproducibility, and can provide technical reference for the analysis of β-blocker in fresh eggs in daily life and sports events.

eggs  /  ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  β-blockers
李卓, 冯瑞雪, 何亚琴, 张亚锋, 孙晓. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测鸡蛋中24种β-受体阻滞剂类药物. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (6) : 106 -113 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250114001
Zhuo LI, Rui-Xue FENG, Ya-Qin HE, Ya-Feng ZHANG, Xiao SUN. Determination of 24 kinds of β-blockers in eggs by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (6) : 106 -113 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250114001
β-受体阻滞剂是一种能够选择性地与β-肾上腺素受体结合的药物, 通过拮抗儿茶酚胺和神经递质对β-受体的激动作用来发挥作用[1-2]。在临床上, 它被广泛应用于治疗心律不齐、高血压和预防心脏病发作。由于其显著的治疗效果, 已成为心血管病药物中应用最广泛的药物之一[3-4]。然而, 如果不正确使用, 它可能导致心肌耗氧量增加、血管阻力升高和心肌细胞凋亡等副作用[5-6]。此外, β-受体阻滞剂因具有一定的镇静作用, 在畜牧业养殖中常被非法用于促生长或抗应激, 从而导致动物源性食品中药物残留[7-10]
β-受体阻滞剂还可以降低射击、射箭、长跑、击剑等体育赛事中运动员的焦虑水平和赛前激动, 现已被世界反兴奋剂机构禁用[11-16]。目前法规和标准更多关注此类药物残留检测, 如国际食品法典委员会(Codex Alimentarius Commission, CAC)明确了猪(肾、肝)中卡拉洛尔的最大残留限值(maximum residue limit, MRL)为25 μg/kg, 皮肤和肌肉中卡拉洛尔的MRL为5 μg/kg。
目前, 针对食品中β-受体阻滞剂的检测指标较少, 且关于鸡蛋基质中兴奋剂的检测方法较少。白应皓等[17]建立了超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法同时测定肉制品中11种β2受体激动剂及4种β-受体阻滞剂多组分残留, 郝杰等建立了分子印迹固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定动物源性食品中11种β-受体阻断剂残留[1], 汤一铸等[18]研究了QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪肉中的β-受体阻断剂。刘学芝等[19]建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉、鸡蛋、牛奶中β-受体激动剂、β-阻断剂、蛋白同化制剂3大类共9种食源性兴奋剂类药物残留的方法。此外, 国内外动物性食品药物残留检测标准涉及本方法目标化合物的检测标准仅有卡拉洛尔。
本研究根据监管需求, 针对鸡蛋样品中β-受体阻滞剂类化合物的检测开展研究, 通过对样品前处理等多项参数进行摸索、优化, 建立了通用性强、重复性好的提取方法; 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对鸡蛋样品中24种β-阻滞剂类药物进行同时检测, 以期有效提高对此类食品非法添加行为的监管能力和水平。
鸡蛋来自市售。
吲哚洛尔(CAS: 13523-86-9, 纯度97.6%)[曼哈格(上海)生物科技有限公司]; 奈必洛尔(CAS: 99200-09-6, 纯度96.19%)[英国政府化学家实验室]; 盐酸喷布洛尔(CAS: 28163-36-2, 纯度100.0%)、倍他洛尔(CAS: 63659-18-7, 纯度98.0%)、美替洛尔(CAS: 22664-55-7, 纯度98.4%)(广州佳途科技股份有限公司); 纳多洛尔(CAS: 42200-33-9, 纯度94.5%)、盐酸醋丁洛尔(CAS: 34381-68-5, 纯度99.9%)、噻吗洛尔(CAS: 26839-75-8, 纯度98.1%)(坛墨质检科技股份有限公司); 阿普洛尔(CAS: 13655-52-2, 纯度99.85%)、盐酸氧烯洛尔(CAS: 6452-73-9, 纯度99.51%)、卡拉洛尔(CAS: 57775-29-8, 纯度99.71%)、阿罗洛尔(CAS: 68377-92-4, 纯度97.14%)(美国MedChemexpress生物科技公司); 盐酸普萘洛尔(CAS: 318-98-9, 纯度100.0%)、酒石酸美托洛尔(CAS: 56392-17-7, 纯度99.9%)、盐酸索他洛尔(CAS: 959-24-0, 纯度100.0%)、盐酸左布诺洛尔(CAS: 27912-14-7, 纯度100.0%)、盐酸艾司洛尔(CAS: 81161-17-3, 纯度99.0%)、富马酸比索洛尔(CAS: 104344-23-2, 纯度99.8%)、盐酸拉贝洛尔(CAS: 32780-64-6, 纯度99.8%)、盐酸贝凡洛尔(CAS: 42864-78-8, 纯度100.0%)、盐酸塞利洛尔(CAS: 57470-78-7, 纯度100.0%)、卡维地洛(CAS: 72956-09-3, 纯度99.6%)、盐酸兰地洛尔(CAS: 144481-98-1, 纯度99.2%)、盐酸卡替洛尔(CAS: 51781-21-6, 纯度100.0%)(‌中国食品药品检定研究院)。
甲酸、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、异丙醇(色谱纯, 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 氯化钠[分析纯, 福晨(天津)化学试剂有限公司]; 乙酸、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 乙酸铵(分析纯, 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司); 乙二胺四乙酸二钠(分析纯, 上海瀚思化工有限公司)。
Agilent 1290-6470超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(美国Agilent公司); Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 µm)[沃特世科技(上海)有限公司]; MS105电子分析天平(十万分之一)、ME204E万分之一电子分析天平(瑞士METTLER TOLEDO公司); SHA-B恒温水浴振荡器[国华(常州)仪器制造有限公司]; LG-25M冷冻离心机(四川蜀科仪器有限公司); MFV-24氮吹仪(广州得泰仪器科技有限公司); KQ-700VDB双频数控超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司); SMW-MV2500多孔涡旋混合器[赛默威(湖北)智能科技有限公司]; CX-6610打蛋器(中山好腾电子有限公司)。
将各标准品用甲醇溶解配制成质量浓度为100 μg/mL的单一标准储备液, 并根据需要用空白基质溶液稀释成适当质量浓度的混合标准工作溶液, 于-20 ℃以下避光保存, 有效期6个月。
新鲜鸡蛋去壳后置于打蛋器中, 将鸡蛋液充分混匀后进行保存, 于-20 ℃条件下密封储存备用。
准确称取1 g(精确至0.001 g)试样, 加4 mL乙二胺四乙酸二钠(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid-2Na, EDTA-2Na)溶液, 涡旋1 min, 加入20 mL乙腈和3 g氯化钠, 涡旋振荡10 min, 10000 r/min离心10 min, 精密移取10 mL上清液于10 mL离心管中, 于40 ℃下氮气吹干, 准确加入1 mL甲醇溶解残余物, 涡旋振荡1 min, 过0.22 μm尼龙微孔滤膜, 上机测定。
色谱柱: Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm× 100 mm, 1.8 µm); 流动相: A为0.1%甲酸水溶液; B为乙腈; 流速: 300 μL/min; 柱温: 40 ℃; 进样量: 2 μL; 梯度洗脱程序见表1
电离模式: 电喷雾正离子扫描(electrospray ionization, ESI+); 检测方式: 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM); 电喷雾电压: 4 kV; 离子源温度: 300 ℃; 脱溶剂温度: 350 ℃; 雾化气流量: 3 L/min; 辅助加热气流量: 10 L/min; 其他质谱条件如表2所示。
24种β-受体阻滞剂从化学结构看主要分为3类: 苯乙醇胺类、丙烯酰氧基丙醇胺及其他, 同类结构具有共性的质谱行为。在多反应监测模式下, 对吲哚洛尔、阿普洛尔、普萘洛尔等24种β-受体阻滞剂的质谱条件进行优化。分别配制各化合物的单标标准工作液, 质量浓度均为1.0 mg/L, 然后在ESI+和ESI- 2种模式下进行扫描。结果24种β-受体阻滞剂均在ESI+的电离模式下响应较好, 与其结构中含有易带正电荷的N原子相关, 进一步优化碰撞能, 以响应值最大的碎片离子定为定量离子, 次级响应最大的碎片离子定为定性离子, 获得特征离子响应值最好的质谱参数。
分别比较以甲醇、乙腈为有机相的流动相体系, 为减少溶剂效应, 前处理过程中同时对应使用甲醇、乙腈为稀释溶剂, 结果发现, 流动相中有机相为甲醇时, 索他洛尔、纳多洛尔的色谱峰出现前沿或分叉, 见图1; 而选择乙腈为有机相时, 无此现象, 可能因其结构中含有手性中心, 且大多数化合物以外消旋体存在[20-21]。若将对映体系进行拆分需采用价格较高的手性柱, 且本方法计算的加入量按消旋体总量进行定量, 因此, 最终选择乙腈作为流动相的有机相体系, 24种β-受体阻滞剂的色谱峰峰形良好, 且两对同分异构体(美替洛尔与纳多洛尔、左布诺洛尔与喷布洛尔)均可在保留时间上实现分离。
因采用的质谱扫描模式为正离子模式, 理论上在流动相中加入一定量的甲酸有利于化合物的质子化, 提高离子化效率。实验考察了乙腈-水体系与乙腈-0.1%甲酸水体系对离子化效果的影响, 结果表明, 乙腈-0.1%甲酸水体系的色谱响应较好, 最终流动相选择乙腈-0.1%甲酸水体系。
根据24种β-受体阻滞剂的极性和溶解性, 为兼顾24种目标物的提取效率, 比较了乙腈、乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、乙腈+异丙醇作为提取溶剂的提取效率。结果发现, 乙酸乙酯作提取溶剂时, 索他洛尔、纳多洛尔、卡替洛尔等回收率极低; 异丙醇做提取溶剂时, 24种β-受体阻滞剂化合物整体回收率都低于80%; 乙腈+异丙醇做提取溶剂时, 纳多洛尔回收率偏低; 最终确定以乙腈为鸡蛋的提取溶剂, 见图2
本方法采用涡旋振荡作为样品前处理方式, 比较了涡旋5、10、20 min时对回收率的影响。结果表明, 涡旋5、10、20 min的回收率间无较大变化, 整体趋势随着时间不断地增加, 提取效率越高, 但20 min时间过长, 且提取率提高较小, 最终选择涡旋提取10 min作为前处理方法, 详见图3
不同复溶溶剂对目标化合物的溶解性不同, 而且影响其离子化效率, 因此对复溶溶剂进行了优化。比较了甲醇、乙腈、0.1%甲酸水+乙腈(7:3, V:V, 下同) 3种复溶溶剂对回收率的影响。结果发现, 3种复溶溶剂基本都可满足24种β-受体阻滞剂化合物回收率在60%~120%的要求, 甲醇回收率相对较高, 见图4
基质效应(matrix effects, ME)是指样品中的一种或几种非待测组分对待测物浓度或质量测定准确度的影响[22-25]。对于超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法ME的产生机制, 一般认为是在雾滴表面离子化过程中待测化合物与基质存在竞争, 基质的存在将会抑制或增强目标化合物的离子化, 基质中的干扰成分也会使待测组分离子化速度产生改变, 从而使得样品中待测组分与其相同浓度标准品中该成分响应值明显不同。
ME可用同浓度基质配标与纯溶剂配标的峰面积的比值进行评估[26-30], 计算方法见公式(1), 用ME表示。
ME=Ab/Aa
式中: Aa为纯溶剂配标的峰面积; Ab为基质配标的峰面积。
一般来说, ME>1, 表明分析物存在基质增强效益; ME<1, 表明分析物存在基质抑制效应。在质谱分析检测中, 当ME在0.8~1.2之间时, 普遍认为ME是在可接受范围内。
由此可见, 鸡蛋基质除索他洛尔ME<0.8, 其他24个化合物ME均在0.8~1.2之间(见图5), 但在分析过程中, 尤其是电喷雾电离模式下, 基质的共提取物或者在对样品进行前处理时引入的一些杂质, 当与目标物一起进入质谱时, 会影响目标物的离子化过程, 特别是在痕量和微量分析中, ME的存在会对分析方法的准确度和灵敏度产生严重影响, 因此本研究利用基质匹配标准溶液校准法来有效的补偿由于ME带来的影响。
精密量取系列标准工作液, 用鸡蛋空白基质溶液分别配制1、2、5、10、50、100 ng/mL系列基质匹配标准工作溶液, 以基质混合标准工作溶液的浓度为横坐标, 以各目标物峰面积为纵坐标绘制基质匹配标准工作曲线, 并计算各目标物线性回归方程及其相关系数。在相应的浓度范围内, 鸡蛋基质中24种目标物的线性关系良好, 线性相关系数r≥0.9963, 详见表3
以3倍信噪比(S/N=3)时相应的加标量作为检出限(limit of detection, LOD), 以10倍信噪比(S/N=10)时相应的加标量作为定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ), 结果表明, 本方法当称样量为1 g(精确至0.001 g), 定容体积为2 mL时, 鸡蛋基质中24种β-受体阻滞剂的方法检出限设为3 μg/kg, 定量限设为10 μg/kg。
本研究采用添加回收考察准确度及精密度, 进行3个添加水平回收实验, 添加量分别为1倍定量限、2倍定量限和10倍定量限, 平行测定6次。实验结果表明鸡鸡蛋中24种化合物的平均回收率在63.6%~108.0%之间, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)在0.9%~7.4%之间, 说明该方法准确度和精密度高, 重现性好, 详见表4
按照本研究建立的方法对38批市售鸡蛋(包含有鲜鸡蛋、土鸡蛋、谷物鸡蛋、富硒鸡蛋等多个品种的样品)进行了检测, 结果显示均为未检出这24种β-受体阻滞剂类药物。
本研究通过对仪器和前处理条件进行优化处理, 建立了一种UPLC-MS/MS同时检测鸡蛋中24种β-受体阻滞剂类药物的方法。通过80%乙腈水溶液提取目标物, QuEChERS法对提取液进行净化, 乙腈饱和正己烷除脂, 由UPLC-MS/MS检测, 并通过基质外标法对目标物进行定性定量分析。本方法中普萘洛尔、索他洛尔、吲哚洛尔等24种β-受体阻滞剂能实现很好的分离, 加标水平为1倍定量限、2倍定量限和10倍定量限时, 目标化合物平均回收率在63.6%~108.0%之间, RSDs为0.9%~7.4%。该方法操作简单、回收率高、灵敏度高、重现性好, 可为日常及体育赛事中鲜鸡蛋中β-受体阻滞剂残留分析提供技术参考。
  • 陕西省科技厅创新能力支撑计划项目(2021PT-044)
  • 国家市场监督管理局总局委托研究项目
  • 陕西省市场监督管理局科技计划项目(2024KY29)
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2025年第16卷第6期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250114001
  • 接收时间:2025-01-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-14
基金
陕西省科技厅创新能力支撑计划项目(2021PT-044)
国家市场监督管理局总局委托研究项目
陕西省市场监督管理局科技计划项目(2024KY29)
作者信息
    西安市食品药品检验所, 西安 710100

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* 李卓(1984—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品药品检验。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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